Mwepụta cellulose ether na-agbaze mmiri

E webatara usoro njikọ njikọ, ụzọ na ihe onwunwe nke ụdị dị iche iche nke ndị na-eme ihe na-emekọrịta ihe na ether cellulose soluble mmiri. Site crosslinking mgbanwe, na viscosity, rheological Njirimara, solubility na n'ibu Njirimara nke mmiri-soluble cellulose ether nwere ike dị ukwuu mma, ka welie ya ngwa arụmọrụ. Dị ka usoro kemịkalụ na ihe onwunwe nke crosslinkers dị iche iche si dị, a chịkọtara ụdị mmeghachi omume mgbanwe cellulose ether crosslinking, na ntụziaka mmepe nke crosslinkers dị iche iche na mpaghara ngwa dị iche iche nke cellulose ether chịkọtara. N'iburu n'uche na arụmọrụ dị mma nke cellulose ether nke mmiri na-eme ka mmiri gbanwee site na crosslinking na ọmụmụ ole na ole n'ụlọ na mba ọzọ, mgbanwe mgbanwe nke cellulose ether n'ọdịnihu nwere atụmanya dị ukwuu maka mmepe. Nke a bụ maka ntụnye aka nke ndị nchọpụta dị mkpa na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.
Okwu ndị dị mkpa: mgbanwe mgbanwe; cellulose ether; Ọdịdị chemical; Solubility; Ịrụ ọrụ ngwa

Cellulose ether n'ihi arụmọrụ ya magburu onwe ya, dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe, onye na-ejide mmiri, nrapado, ihe nkedo na nkesa, colloid nchebe, stabilizer, onye nkwusioru, emulsifier na onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na mkpuchi, ihe owuwu, mmanụ ala, kemịkalụ kwa ụbọchị, nri. na ọgwụ na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ. Cellulose ether gụnyere methyl cellulose,hydroxyethyl cellulose,carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose na ndị ọzọ ụdị agwakọta ether. A na-eji eriri owu ma ọ bụ eriri osisi mee cellulose ether site na alkalization, etherification, ịsacha centrifugation, ihicha, usoro ịkụcha ihe a kwadebere, ojiji nke etherification agents na-ejikarị halogenated alkane ma ọ bụ epoxy alkane.
Otú ọ dị, na ngwa ngwa nke cellulose ether soluble mmiri, ihe gbasara nke puru omume ga-ezute ebe pụrụ iche, dị ka elu na ala okpomọkụ, acid-base gburugburu ebe obibi, mgbagwoju ionic gburugburu ebe obibi, ndị a gburugburu ga-eme ka ndim, solubility, mmiri njide, adhesion. nrapado, nkwusioru kwụsiri ike na emulsification nke mmiri-soluble cellulose ether na-emetụta nke ukwuu, na ọbụna na-eduga na ọnwụ zuru oke nke ọrụ ya.
Iji meziwanye arụmọrụ ngwa nke cellulose ether, ọ dị mkpa ka ị na-eduzi ọgwụgwọ crosslinking, na-eji ihe dị iche iche na-emekọrịta ihe, arụmọrụ ngwaahịa dị iche iche. Dabere na ọmụmụ nke ụdị dị iche iche nke ndị na-eme ihe na-eme ka ọ dị iche iche na ụzọ ha na-emekọrịta ihe, jikọtara ya na nkà na ụzụ crosslinking na usoro mmepụta mmepụta ihe, akwụkwọ a na-atụle njikọ nke cellulose ether na ụdị dị iche iche nke crosslinking, na-enye ntụaka maka mgbanwe mgbanwe nke cellulose ether. .

1. Structure na crosslinking ụkpụrụ nke cellulose ether

Cellulose etherbụ ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ cellulose, nke a na-emepụta site na mmeghachi omume ether nnọchi nke atọ mmanya hydroxyl dị na mkpụrụ ndụ cellulose eke na halogenated alkane ma ọ bụ epoxide alkane. N'ihi ọdịiche nke ihe ndị na-anọchi anya ya, nhazi na ihe onwunwe nke cellulose ether dị iche. Mmeghachi omume crosslinking nke cellulose ether bụ isi gụnyere etherification ma ọ bụ esterification nke -OH (OH na glucose unit mgbanaka ma ọ bụ -OH na nnọchi ma ọ bụ carboxyl na nnọchi) na crosslinking gị n'ụlọnga na ọnụọgụ abụọ ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ ọrụ otu, nke mere na abụọ. ma ọ bụ karịa cellulose ether molecules jikọtara ọnụ iji mepụta usoro netwọk oghere dị iche iche. Nke ahụ bụ cellulose ether nwere njikọ chiri anya.
N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, cellulose ether na crosslinking agent nke aqueous solution nwere ihe ndị ọzọ -OH dị ka HEC, HPMC, HEMC, MC na CMC nwere ike etherified ma ọ bụ esterified crosslinked. N'ihi na CMC nwere ion carboxylic acid, otu ndị na-arụ ọrụ na onye na-eme ihe na-emekọrịta ihe nwere ike ị nweta njikọ na ion carboxylic acid.
Mgbe mmeghachi omume nke -OH ma ọ bụ -COO- na cellulose ether molekul na crosslinking gị n'ụlọnga, n'ihi Mbelata nke ọdịnaya nke mmiri soluble iche iche na guzobe a multi akụkụ netwọk Ọdịdị na ngwọta, ya solubility, rheology na n'ibu Njirimara. a ga-agbanwe. Site n'iji ihe ntanetị dị iche iche na-emeghachi omume na cellulose ether, a ga-emeziwanye arụmọrụ ngwa nke cellulose ether. A kwadebere cellulose ether kwesịrị ekwesị maka ngwa mmepụta ihe.

2. Ụdị nke crosslinking agents

2.1 Aldehydes crosslinking agents
Aldehyde crosslinking agents na-ezo aka na ogige organic nwere aldehyde otu (-CHO), nke na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma ma nwee ike imeghachi omume na hydroxyl, amonia, amide na ogige ndị ọzọ. Aldehyde crosslinking agents eji maka cellulose na ihe ndị na-emepụta ya gụnyere formaldehyde, glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, glyceraldehyde, wdg Aldehyde otu nwere ike ime ngwa ngwa na abụọ -OH iji mepụta acetals n'okpuru ọnọdụ acid na-adịghị ike, na mmeghachi omume na-agbanwe agbanwe. The nkịtị cellulose ethers gbanwere site aldehydes crosslinking agents bụ HEC, HPMC, HEMC, MC, CMC na ndị ọzọ aqueous cellulose ethers.
Otu aldehyde otu na-ejikọta ya na otu hydroxyl abụọ na cellulose ether molecular chain, na cellulose ether molecules na-ejikọta site na nhazi nke acetals, na-eme usoro oghere netwọk, iji gbanwee solubility ya. N'ihi mmeghachi omume free-OH n'etiti aldehyde crosslinking agent na cellulose ether, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ìgwè hydrophilic molecular na-ebelata, na-akpata na-adịghị mma mmiri solubility nke ngwaahịa. Ya mere, site n'ịchịkwa ọnụ ọgụgụ nke crosslinking agents, agafeghị oke crosslinking nke cellulose ether nwere ike igbu oge hydration na-egbochi ngwaahịa na-agbaze ngwa ngwa na mmiri mmiri ngwọta, na-akpata na mpaghara agglomeration.
Mmetụta nke aldehyde crosslinking cellulose ether n'ozuzu na-adabere na ọnụọgụ aldehyde, pH, ịdị n'otu nke mmeghachi omume crosslinking, oge na-ejikọta ọnụ, na okpomọkụ. Okpomọkụ dị elu ma ọ bụ dị ala na-agafe agafe na pH ga-eme ka njikọ na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe n'ihi hemiacetal n'ime acetal, nke ga-eduga na cellulose ether kpamkpam na mmiri. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke aldehyde na ịdị n'otu nke mmeghachi omume crosslink na-emetụta ogo crosslinking nke cellulose ether.
A naghị eji Formaldehyde eme ihe maka ijikọ cellulose ether n'ihi oke nsi ya na oke mgbanwe ya. N'oge gara aga, a na-eji formaldehyde eme ihe n'ọhịa nke mkpuchi, adhesives, textiles, ma ugbu a, a na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ dochie ya site na obere nsị na-abụghị formaldehyde crosslinking. Mmetụta crosslinking nke glutaraldehyde dị mma karịa nke glioxal, mana ọ nwere isi ísì siri ike, ọnụ ahịa glutaraldehyde dịkwa oke elu. Na nlebara anya n'ozuzu, na ụlọ ọrụ, glycoxal na-ejikarị na-agafe na mmiri-soluble cellulose ether iji melite solubility nke ngwaahịa. N'ozuzu na ụlọ okpomọkụ, pH 5 ~ 7 adịghị ike acidic ọnọdụ nwere ike rụrụ crosslinking mmeghachi omume. Mgbe ị gafechara, oge hydration na oge hydration zuru oke nke cellulose ether ga-adị ogologo, ihe omume agglomeration ga-ebelata. E jiri ya tụnyere ngwaahịa ndị na-abụghị ndị na-agafe agafe, solubility nke cellulose ether ka mma, ọ gaghịkwa enwe ngwaahịa na-adịghị edozi na ngwọta, nke na-eme ka ngwa ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Mgbe Zhang Shuangjian kwadebere hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, onye na-ahụ maka crosslinking glyoxal na-efesa tupu ihicha iji nweta hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ozugbo na mgbasa nke 100%, nke na-ejikọtaghị ọnụ mgbe ọ na-agbaze ma nwee mgbasa ngwa ngwa na mgbasa, nke na-edozi nchịkọta ahụ n'ụzọ dị irè. ngwa ma gbasaa mpaghara ngwa.
N'ọnọdụ alkaline, usoro ntụgharị nke ịmepụta acetal ga-agbaji, a ga-ebelata oge hydration nke ngwaahịa ahụ, a ga-eweghachikwa njirimara mgbasa nke cellulose ether na-enweghị crosslinking. N'oge nkwadebe na mmepụta nke cellulose ether, mmeghachi omume crosslinking nke aldehydes na-emekarị mgbe usoro mmeghachi omume etheration gasịrị, ma ọ bụ n'ime mmiri mmiri nke usoro ịsa ahụ ma ọ bụ n'oge siri ike mgbe centrifugation gasịrị. N'ozuzu, n'ime usoro ịsa ahụ, otu mmeghachi omume crosslinking dị mma, mana mmetụta nke njikọ ahụ adịghị mma. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi njedebe nke ngwá ọrụ injinia, njikọ njikọ njikọ n'otu n'otu na usoro siri ike adịghị mma, ma njikọ njikọ dị mma na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke crosslinking a na-eji dị ntakịrị.
Aldehydes crosslinking agents gbanwetụrụ ether mmiri soluble cellulose, na mgbakwunye na imeziwanye solubility ya, e nwekwara akụkọ ndị nwere ike iji mee ka ọrụ ya dịkwuo mma, nkwụsi ike viscosity na ihe ndị ọzọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Peng Zhang jiri glioxal na-agafe na HEC, wee nyochaa mmetụta nke ntinye uche nke onye na-eme ihe na-emekọrịta ihe, na-ejikọta pH na okpomọkụ na-agafe na ike mmiri nke HEC. Nsonaazụ na-egosi na n'okpuru ọnọdụ crosslinking kacha mma, ike mmiri nke HEC fiber mgbe crosslinking na-abawanye site na 41.5%, na arụmọrụ ya ka mma. Zhang Jin jiri resin phenolic soluble mmiri, glutaraldehyde na trichloroacetaldehyde gafere CMC. Site n'ịtụle ihe ndị ahụ, ihe ngwọta nke mmiri-soluble phenolic resin crosslinked CMC nwere obere mbelata viscosity mgbe ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ dị elu, ya bụ, nkwụsị okpomọkụ kachasị mma.
2.2 Carboxylic acid crosslinking agents
Ndị nnọchite njikọ njikọ nke Carboxylic acid na-ezo aka na ogige polycarboxylic acid, ọkachasị gụnyere succinic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid na ọnụọgụ abụọ ma ọ bụ polycarboxylic acid ndị ọzọ. A na-ebu ụzọ jiri carboxylic acid crosslinkers na-ejikọta eriri ákwà iji mee ka ọ dị nro. Usoro njikọ njikọ bụ nke a: otu carboxyl na-emeghachi omume na otu hydroxyl nke cellulose molecule iji mepụta esterified crosslinked cellulose ether. Welch na Yang et al. bụ ndị mbụ na-amụ usoro njikọ njikọ nke carboxylic acid crosslinkers. Usoro njikọ njikọ ahụ bụ nke a: n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, otu abụọ carboxylic acid dị n'akụkụ dị na carboxylic acid crosslinkers bu ụzọ kpoo mmiri ka ọ bụrụ cyclic anhydride, na anhydride na-emeghachi omume na OH na cellulose molecules iji mepụta cellulose ether crosslinked nwere nhazi oghere netwọk.
Ndị na-emekọrịta ihe na-emekọrịta ihe nke Carboxylic acid na-emeghachi omume na cellulose ether nwere ihe nnọchi hydroxyl. N'ihi na ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe ndị na-eme ka carboxylic acid na-eme ka mmiri dị na mmiri na-adịghị egbu egbu, a na-ejikarị ha eme ihe n'ọmụmụ osisi, starch, chitosan na cellulose n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya.
Mwepụta na ihe ndị ọzọ eke polymer esterification crosslinking mgbanwe, ka imeziwanye arụmọrụ nke ngwa ya.
Hu Hanchang et al. eji sodium hypophosphite catalyst nakweere anọ polycarboxylic acids dị iche iche molekụla Ọdịdị: Propane tricarboxylic acid (PCA), 1,2,3, 4-butane tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA), cis-CPTA, cis-CHHA (Cis-ChHA) ji mee ihe. imecha akwa akwa. Nsonaazụ gosiri na okirikiri okirikiri nke polycarboxylic acid emecha ákwà owu nwere mma crease mgbake arụmọrụ. Molecules polycarboxylic acid cyclic bụ ndị ọrụ na-emekọrịta ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma n'ihi nkwụsi ike ha dị ukwuu yana mmetụta njikọ njikọ dị mma karịa yinye carboxylic acid molecules.
Wang Jiwei et al. jiri ngwakọta nke citric acid na acetic anhydride mee ka esterification na crosslinking mgbanwe nke starch. Site n'inwale njirimara nke mkpebi mmiri na mado nghọta, ha kwubiri na stachi esterified crosslinked nwere nkwụsi ike firize ka mma, nghọta dị ala na nkwụsi ike ọkụ viscosity ka mma karịa starch.
Otu Carboxylic acid nwere ike melite solubility ha, biodegradability na akụrụngwa akụrụngwa mgbe esterification crosslinking mmeghachi omume na-arụ ọrụ -OH dị iche iche polymers, na carboxylic acid ogige nwere ndị na-adịghị egbu egbu ma ọ bụ ala-egbu egbu Njirimara, nke nwere nnukwu atụmanya maka crosslinking mgbanwe nke mmiri. ether cellulose soluble na ọkwa nri, ọkwa ọgwụ na ubi mkpuchi.
2.3 Epoxy compound crosslinking agent
Epoxy crosslinking agent nwere otu epoxy abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa, ma ọ bụ ogige epoxy nwere otu ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ. N'okpuru ọrụ nke ihe mkpali, otu epoxy na otu ndị na-arụ ọrụ na-emeghachi omume na -OH na ogige organic iji mepụta macromolecules nwere nhazi netwọkụ. Ya mere, enwere ike iji ya maka crosslinking nke cellulose ether.
Enwere ike imezi viscosity na akụrụngwa nke cellulose ether site na njikọ njikọ epoxy. Ebu ụzọ jiri Epoxides na-agwọ eriri ákwà ma gosipụta mmetụta njedebe dị mma. Agbanyeghị, enwere akụkọ ole na ole gbasara mgbanwe mgbanwe nke cellulose ether site na epoxides. Hu Cheng et al mepụtara ihe ọhụrụ multifunctional epoxy compound crosslinker: EPTA, nke mere ka akụkụ mgbake na-agbanwe mmiri nke ezigbo akwa silk site na 200º tupu ọgwụgwọ ruo 280º. Ọzọkwa, ụgwọ dị mma nke crosslinker na-abawanye ụbara ịcha akwa na ọnụego nnabata nke ezigbo akwa silk gaa na akwa acid. Onye na-emekọrịta ihe na-emekọ ihe ọnụ nke Chen Xiaohui et al. : polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PGDE) jikọtara ya na gelatin. Mgbe emechara njikọ, gelatin hydrogel nwere ọmarịcha mgbake mgbake, yana ọnụego mgbake kachasị elu ruo 98.03%. Dabere na ọmụmụ na cross-njikọ mgbanwe nke eke polymers dị ka ákwà na gelatin site Central oxides na akwụkwọ, cross-njikọ mgbanwe nke cellulose ether na epoxides nwekwara a na-ekwe nkwa atụmanya.
Epichlorohydrin (nke a makwaara dị ka epichlorohydrin) bụ onye na-emekọrịta ihe na-ejikarị agwọ ọrịa polymer ihe nwere -OH, -NH2 na otu ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ. Mgbe emechara epichlorohydrin crosslinking, viscosity, acid na alkali resistance, okpomọkụ na-eguzogide, nnu na-eguzogide, shiee iguzogide na n'ibu Njirimara nke ihe ga-mma. Ya mere, ngwa nke epichlorohydrin na cellulose ether crosslinking nwere nnukwu mkpa nyocha. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Su Maoyao mere ihe na-emesapụ aka nke ukwuu site na iji epiclorohydrin crosslinked CMC. Ọ tụlere mmetụta nke ihe owuwu ihe, ogo nke nnọchi na ogo nke crosslinking na akụrụngwa adsorption, wee chọpụta na uru njigide mmiri (WRV) na uru njigide brine (SRV) nke ngwaahịa ejiri ihe dị ka 3% crosslinking butere site na 26. ugboro na ugboro iri na asaa, n'otu n'otu. Mgbe Ding Changguang et al. akwadoro nke ukwuu carboxymethyl cellulose viscous, egbakwunyere epichlorohydrin mgbe etherification maka crosslinking. Site n'iji ya tụnyere, viscosity nke ngwaahịa ejikọtara ọnụ ruru 51% dị elu karịa nke ngwaahịa anaghị agafe.
2.4 Boric acid crosslinking agents
Ihe ndị na-emekọrịta ihe na-agụnye boric acid, borax, borate, organoborate na ihe ndị ọzọ na-ejikọta borate. A na-ekwenyekarị na usoro njikọ njikọ ahụ bụ boric acid (H3BO3) ma ọ bụ borate (B4O72-) na-emepụta tetrahydroxy borate ion (B (OH) 4-) na ngwọta, wee kpoo ya na -Oh na ogige ahụ. Mepụta ogige crosslink nwere nhazi netwọk.
A na-ejikarị boric acid crosslinkers eme ihe dị ka ihe enyemaka na nkà mmụta ọgwụ, iko, ceramik, mmanụ ala na ubi ndị ọzọ. A ga-eme ka ike ọrụ nke ihe a na-emeso ya na boric acid crosslinking agent ga-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma, a pụkwara iji ya mee ihe maka crosslinking nke cellulose ether, iji mee ka arụmọrụ ya dịkwuo mma.
N'afọ ndị 1960, boron inorganic (borax, boric acid na sodium tetraborate, wdg) bụ isi ihe na-emekọrịta ihe na-eme ka mmiri na-agbaji agbaji nke ubi mmanụ na gas. Borax bụ onye mbụ na-emekọrịta ihe eji eme ihe. N'ihi emezighị emezi nke boron inorganic, dị ka oge na-agafe oge dị mkpirikpi na nkwụsị okpomọkụ na-adịghị mma, mmepe nke organoboron crosslinking agent aghọwo ebe nyocha. Nnyocha nke organoboron malitere na 1990s. N'ihi njirimara ya nke nguzogide okpomọkụ dị elu, dị mfe imebi gluu, crosslinking na-egbu oge na-achịkwa, wdg, organoboron enwetawo mmetụta ngwa dị mma na mmanụ na gas na-agbaji. Liu Ji et al. mepụtara onye na-ahụ maka ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ polymer nwere phenylboric acid, onye na-ahụ maka crosslinking jikọtara ya na acrylic acid na polyol polymer na succinimide ester group mmeghachi omume, ihe na-esi na ya pụta nwere arụmọrụ zuru oke nke ọma, nwere ike igosi ezigbo nrapado na ihe eji arụ ọrụ na gburugburu iru mmiri, ma nwee ike ịbụ. ọzọ mfe adhesion. Yang Yang et al. na-emepụta ihe dị elu nke na-eguzogide ọgwụ zirconium boron crosslinking agent, bụ nke a na-eji na-ejikọta guanidine gel base fluid nke na-agbaji mmiri, ma mee ka okpomọkụ dị elu na nkwụsị nke nkwụsị nke mmiri na-agbaji mgbe ọgwụgwọ na-ejikọta ya. Mgbanwe nke carboxymethyl cellulose ether site na boric acid crosslinking agent na-egwupụta mmanụ ala ka akọpụtala. N'ihi nhazi ya pụrụ iche, enwere ike iji ya na nkà mmụta ọgwụ na ihe owuwu
Crosslinking nke cellulose ether na-ewu, mkpuchi na ubi ndị ọzọ.
2.5 Phosphide crosslinking agent
Phosphates crosslinking agents tumadi gụnyere phosphorus trichloroxy (phosphoacyl chloride), sodium trimetaphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, wdg The crosslinking usoro bụ na PO bond ma ọ bụ P-Cl njikọ esterified na molekul -OH na aqueous ngwọta na-emepụta diphosphate, akpụ a netwọk Ọdịdị. .
Ngwakọta phosphide na-ejikọta ya n'ihi adịghị egbu egbu ma ọ bụ dị ala, nke a na-ejikarị na nri, ọgwụ polymer ihe na-agafe agafe, dị ka starch, chitosan na ọgwụgwọ polymer crosslinking ndị ọzọ. Nsonaazụ na-egosi na gelatinization na nrịba nke starch nwere ike gbanwee nke ọma site n'ịgbakwunye obere ihe na-emekọrịta ihe nke phosphide. Mgbe starch crosslinking gasịrị, okpomọkụ gelatinization na-abawanye, nkwụsi ike nke mado na-akawanye mma, nguzogide acid dị mma karịa starch mbụ, na ike ihe nkiri na-abawanye.
Enwekwara ọtụtụ ọmụmụ banyere chitosan crosslinking na phosphide crosslinking agent, nke nwere ike imeziwanye ike ọrụ ya, nkwụsi ike kemịkalụ na ihe ndị ọzọ. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọ nweghị akụkọ gbasara ojiji nke phosphide crosslinking agent maka cellulose ether crosslinking treatment. N'ihi na cellulose ether na starch, chitosan na ndị ọzọ eke polymers nwere ihe na-arụsi ọrụ ike -OH, na phosphide crosslinking agents nwere ihe na-adịghị egbu egbu ma ọ bụ dị ala toxicity physiological Njirimara, ngwa ya na cellulose ether crosslinking nnyocha nwekwara ike nwere atụmanya. Dị ka CMC eji na nri, eze ọkwa ọkwa na phosphide crosslinking agent modification, nwere ike melite ya ndim, rheological Njirimara. MC, HPMC na HEC ejiri mee ihe na ngalaba ọgwụ nwere ike imeziwanye onye na-ahụ maka phosphide crosslinking.
2.6 Ndị nnọchi anya crosslinks ndị ọzọ
Aldehydes dị n'elu, epoxides na cellulose ether crosslinking bụ nke etherification crosslinking, carboxylic acid, boric acid na phosphide crosslinking agent bụ nke esterification crosslinking. Ke adianade do, ndị crosslinking mmadụ ji cellulose ether crosslinking na-agụnye isocynate ogige, nitrogen hydroxymethyl ogige, sulfhydryl ogige, metal crosslinking mmadụ, organosilicon crosslinking mmadụ, wdg The nkịtị e ji mara ya molekụla Ọdịdị bụ na molekul nwere otutu ọtọ dị iche iche na-bụ. dị mfe imeghachi omume na -OH, ma nwee ike ịmepụta usoro netwọk dị iche iche mgbe ịgafechara. Njirimara nke ngwaahịa ndị na-emekọrịta ihe na-ejikọta ya na ụdị onye na-eme ihe na-emekọrịta ihe, ogo crosslink na crosslinking ọnọdụ.
Badit · Pabin · Condu et al. A na-eji toluene diisocyanate (TDI) na-ejikọta methyl cellulose. Mgbe ejikọtachara, iko mgbanwe okpomọkụ (Tg) mụbara na mmụba nke pasent TDI, na nkwụsi ike nke ngwọta mmiri ya ka mma. A na-ejikwa TDI eme ihe maka mgbanwe ngbanwe na nrapado, mkpuchi na mpaghara ndị ọzọ. Mgbe emezigharị, a ga-emeziwanye ihe nrapado, okpomọkụ na mgbochi mmiri nke ihe nkiri ahụ. Ya mere, TDI nwere ike imeziwanye arụmọrụ nke cellulose ether eji na-ewu, mkpuchi na adhesives site crosslinking mgbanwe.
A na-eji teknụzụ crosslinking Disulfide eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na ngbanwe nke ihe ahụike ma nwee ụfọdụ uru nyocha maka ị ga-ejikọta ngwaahịa ether cellulose na ngalaba ọgwụ. Shu Shujun et al. jikọtara β-cyclodextrin na silica microspheres, crosslinked mercaptoylated chitosan na glucan site na gradient shei oyi akwa, na wepụrụ silica microspheres iji nweta disulfide crosslinked nanocapses, nke gosiri ezi nkwụsi ike na simulated physiological pH.
Metal crosslinking agents bụ tumadi inorganic na organic ogige nke elu metal ion dị ka Zr (IV), Al (III), Ti (IV), Cr (III) na Fe (III). A na-eme ka ion metal dị elu na-emepụta ion multi-nuklear hydroxyl ions site na hydration, hydrolysis na hydroxyl àkwà mmiri. A na-ekwenyekarị na njikọta nke ion metal dị elu bụ nke sitere na multi-nucleated hydroxyl bridging ion, nke dị mfe ijikọta ya na otu carboxylic acid iji mepụta polymers nke oghere oghere dị iche iche. Xu Kai et al. mụọ rheological Njirimara nke Zr (IV), Al (III), Ti (IV), Cr (III) na Fe (III) usoro elu-ọnụ metal cross-njikọ carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose (CMHPC) na thermal kwụsie ike, filtration ọnwụ. , ike aja kwụsịtụrụ, ihe fọdụrụ na-agbaji gluu na ndakọrịta nnu mgbe etinyere ya. Nsonaazụ gosiri na, The metal crosslinker nwere ihe ndị a chọrọ maka onye na-emepụta ciment nke mmanụ na-agbaji mmiri.

3. Mmezi arụmọrụ na mmepe teknụzụ nke cellulose ether site na mgbanwe mgbanwe

3.1 Agba na ihe owuwu
Cellulose ether tumadi HEC, HPMC, HEMC na MC na-eji ihe ndị ọzọ na-ewu ụlọ, mkpuchi, nke a ụdị cellulose ether ga-enwe ezigbo mmiri na-eguzogide mmiri, ndim, nnu na okpomọkụ na-eguzogide, shii na-eguzogide, na-ejikarị ciment ngwa agha, latex agba. , seramiiki tile nrapado, mpụta mgbidi agba, lacquer na na. N'ihi na ụlọ, mkpuchi ubi chọrọ nke ihe ga-enwe ezi n'ibu ike na nkwụsi ike, n'ozuzu họrọ etherification ụdị crosslinking gị n'ụlọnga ka cellulose ether crosslinking mgbanwe, dị ka ojiji nke epoxy halogenated alkane, boric acid crosslinking gị n'ụlọnga maka crosslinking, nwere ike melite ngwaahịa. viscosity, nnu na okpomọkụ na-eguzogide, shiee iguzogide na n'ibu Njirimara.
3.2 Ubi ọgwụ, nri na kemịkalụ kwa ụbọchị
MC, HPMC na CMC na mmiri-soluble cellulose ether na-ejikarị na ọgwụ mkpuchi ihe, ọgwụ nwayọọ-ahapụ ihe mgbakwunye na mmiri mmiri ọgwụ thickener na emulsion stabilizer. CMC nwekwara ike iji dị ka emulsifier na thickener na yogọt, mmiri ara ehi ngwaahịa na eze ntacha. A na-eji HEC na MC eme ihe n'ubi kemịkalụ kwa ụbọchị iji gbasaa, gbasaa na homogenize. N'ihi na ubi nke ọgwụ, nri na kwa ụbọchị kemịkal ọkwa chọrọ ihe dị mma na-adịghị egbu egbu, ya mere, maka ụdị cellulose ether a nwere ike iji phosphoric acid, carboxylic acid crosslinking agent, sulfhydryl crosslinking agent, wdg, mgbe crosslinking mgbanwe, nwere ike. meziwanye viscosity nke ngwaahịa, nkwụsi ike nke ndu na ihe ndị ọzọ.
A naghị eji HEC eme ihe n'ọhịa nke ọgwụ na nri, ma n'ihi na HEC bụ cellulose ether na-abụghị ionic na ike solubility, ọ nwere uru pụrụ iche karịa MC, HPMC na CMC. N'ọdịnihu, a ga-ejikọta ya site na nchebe na-adịghị egbu egbu, nke ga-enwe nnukwu mmepe mmepe na ngalaba ọgwụ na nri.
3.3 Ebe igwu mmiri na mmepụta mmanụ
A na-ejikarị CMC na carboxylated cellulose ether eme ihe dị ka ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ịkụ ala apịtị, ihe na-efunahụ mmiri, ihe na-eme ka ọ dị arọ iji. Dịka ether cellulose na-abụghị ionic, a na-ejikwa HEC n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ọhịa nke ịkụ ala mmanụ n'ihi mmetụta ya dị mma, ike nkwụsị nke ájá siri ike na nkwụsi ike, nkwụsi ike okpomọkụ, ọdịnaya nnu dị elu, nkwụsị nke pipeline dị ala, obere mfu mmiri mmiri, rọba ngwa ngwa. na-agbaji na obere ihe fọdụrụ. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, nyocha ndị ọzọ bụ iji boric acid crosslinking agents na metal crosslinking agents iji gbanwee CMC eji na mmanụ olulu mmanụ, na-abụghị ionic cellulose ether crosslinking mgbanwe nnyocha na-akọ obere, ma hydrophobic mgbanwe nke na-abụghị ionic cellulose ether, na-egosi ịrịba ama. viscosity, okpomọkụ na nnu-eguzogide na shiee kwụsie ike, ezi mgbasa na iguzogide ndu hydrolysis. Mgbe ejikọta ya na boric acid, metal, epoxide, epoxy halogenated alkanes na ndị ọzọ crosslinking, cellulose ether eji mmanụ na-egwupụta ihe na mmepụta emewo ka mma ya ndim, nnu na okpomọkụ na-eguzogide, nkwụsi ike na na, nke nwere oké ngwa atụmanya na n'ọdịnihu.
3.4 Ubi ndị ọzọ
Cellulose ether n'ihi ndim, emulsification, film akpụ, colloidal nchedo, mmiri njigide, adhesion, mgbochi uche na ndị ọzọ magburu onwe Njirimara, ọzọ ọtụtụ ebe, na mgbakwunye na nke n'elu ubi, na-eji na papermaking, ceramik, textile obibi akwụkwọ na dyeing. mmeghachi omume polymerization na mpaghara ndị ọzọ. Dị ka ihe ndị a chọrọ n'ime ihe onwunwe dị na mpaghara dị iche iche, a pụrụ iji ihe dị iche iche crosslinking mee ihe maka mgbanwe mgbanwe iji mezuo ihe ngwa chọrọ. N'ozuzu, ether cellulose ether na-ejikọta ya nwere ike kewaa ụzọ abụọ: etherified crosslinked cellulose ether na esterified crosslinked cellulose ether. Aldehydes, epoxides na crosslinkers ndị ọzọ na-emeghachi omume na -Oh na cellulose ether iji mepụta njikọ ether-oxygen (-O-), nke bụ nke etherification crosslinkers. Carboxylic acid, phosphide, boric acid na ndị ọzọ na-emekọrịta ihe na-emeghachi omume na -OH na cellulose ether iji mepụta njikọ ester, bụ nke esterification crosslinking agents. Otu carboxyl dị na CMC na-emeghachi omume na -OH n'ime onye na-ahụ maka crosslinking iji mepụta cellulose ether esterified crosslinked. Ugbu a, enwere nyocha ole na ole banyere ụdị mgbanwe mgbanwe a, ma a ka nwere ohere maka mmepe n'ọdịnihu. N'ihi na nkwụsi ike nke njikọ ether dị mma karịa nke ester bond, ether ụdị crosslinked cellulose ether nwere nkwụsi ike siri ike na ihe eji arụ ọrụ. Dị ka mpaghara ngwa dị iche iche si dị, enwere ike ịhọrọ onye na-ahụ maka crosslinking kwesịrị ekwesị maka mgbanwe cellulose ether crosslinking, iji nweta ngwaahịa na-egbo mkpa ngwa.

4. Nkwubi okwu

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-eji glioxal na-agafe cellulose ether, iji gbuo oge mgbasa, iji dozie nsogbu nke ngwaahịa ngwaahịa n'oge mgbasa. Glyoxal crosslinked cellulose ether nwere ike ịgbanwe naanị solubility ya, mana enweghị nkwalite doro anya na akụrụngwa ndị ọzọ. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-amụkarị iji ihe ndị ọzọ na-emekọrịta ihe na-abụghị glioxal maka cellulose ether crosslinking. N'ihi na a na-eji cellulose ether eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ịgba mmanụ, ihe owuwu, mkpuchi, nri, ọgwụ na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ, solubility, rheology, mechanical properties na-ekere òkè dị mkpa na ntinye ya. Site na mgbanwe crosslinking, ọ nwere ike melite arụmọrụ ngwa ya na mpaghara dị iche iche, ka o wee gboo mkpa ngwa. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, carboxylic acid, phosphoric acid, boric acid crosslinking agent maka cellulose ester esterification nwere ike imeziwanye ngwa ngwa ya n'ọhịa nri na ọgwụ. Agbanyeghị, enweghị ike iji aldehydes n'ụlọ ọrụ nri na ọgwụ n'ihi nsị physiological ha. Boric acid na metal crosslinking agents na-enyere aka melite arụmọrụ nke mmanụ na gas na-agbaji mmiri mgbe ị na-ejikọta cellulose ether eji na-egwupụta mmanụ. Ihe ndị ọzọ na-emekọrịta ihe nke alkyl, dị ka epichlorohydrin, nwere ike imeziwanye viscosity, akụrụngwa rheological na nrụ ọrụ nke cellulose ether. Site na mmepe nke sayensị na teknụzụ na-aga n'ihu, ihe ndị chọrọ ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche maka ihe onwunwe na-akawanye mma mgbe niile. Iji mezuo ihe achọrọ nke cellulose ether na mpaghara ngwa dị iche iche, nchọpụta ọdịnihu na cellulose ether crosslinking nwere atụmanya dị ukwuu maka mmepe.