Ihe dị egwu nke ukwuu sitere na cellulose ether

A na-amụ usoro na arụmọrụ ngwaahịa nke carboxymethyl cellulose cross-linked site N, N-methylenebisacrylamide iji kwadebe resin superabsorbent, na ntinye nke alkali, ọnụọgụ nke onye na-ejikọta ọnụ, alkali etherification, na ihe mgbaze na-atụle. Mmetụta nke onunu ogwu na arụmọrụ absorption nke ngwaahịa. A na-akọwa usoro mgbasa ozi nke resin mmiri na-etinye mmiri na mmiri. Nnyocha egosiwo na uru njigide mmiri (WRV) nke ngwaahịa a ruru 114ml/g.

Isi okwu:cellulose ether; methylenebisacrylamide; nkwadebe

1,Okwu mmalite

Superabsorbent resin bụ ihe polymer nwere otu hydrophilic siri ike yana ogo ụfọdụ nke crosslinking. Ihe ndị a na-anabatakarị mmiri dị ka akwụkwọ, owu, na hemp nwere obere mmịnye mmiri na ikike njigide mmiri na-adịghị mma, ebe resins na-amị amị nwere ike ịmịnye mmiri ọtụtụ ugboro ibu nke ha, na gel a kpụrụ mgbe ọ nwetasịrị mmiri agaghị akpọnwụ ọbụna na obere nrụgide. Ike njide mmiri dị mma. Ọ naghị agbaze na mmiri ma ọ bụ na ihe mgbaze organic.

E nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke hydroxyl otu, carboxyl otu na sodium hydrate ion na molekụla yinye nke ibu absorbent ihe mere nke cellulose. Mgbe ị nwetasịrị mmiri, mmiri na-agba ya gburugburu site na netwọk macromolecular hydrophilic ma nwee ike idowe ya n'okpuru nrụgide mpụga. Mgbe mmiri na-eme ka resin adsorption mee ihe, a na-emepụta akwa oyi akwa nke nwere ike ime n'etiti resin na mmiri. N'ihi nnukwu mkpokọta nke ion mkpanaka (Na+) na resin na-eri mmiri, dị ka Donnan si kwuo.'N'ụkpụrụ nha nha, ọdịiche itinye uche nke ion a nwere ike ibute nrụgide osmotic. Ogbenye, na-akpụ a moistening na ọzịza ike adịghị ike, mmiri na-agafe na nke a oyi akwa nke ọkara permeable membrane na-ejikọta na hydrophilic iche iche na ion na macromolecules nke superabsorbent resin, ibelata ịta nke mobile ion, si otú na-egosi elu mmiri absorption na ọzịza. Usoro mgbasa ozi a na-aga n'ihu ruo mgbe ọdịiche nrụgide osmotic kpatara site na ọdịiche dị na ntinye nke ion mobile bụ nhata na nguzogide n'ihu mgbasawanye kpatara site na nchikota nke netwọk molecular nke polymer resin. Uru nke resin superabsorbent nke a kwadebere site na cellulose bụ: ọnụego nnabata mmiri na-agafeghị oke, ọsọ nnabata mmiri ngwa ngwa, nguzogide mmiri nnu dị mma, adịghị egbu egbu, dị mfe iji dozie uru pH, nwere ike imebi ya na okike, yana ọnụ ala dị ala, yabụ na ọ nwere nnukwu ohere. nso nke ojiji. Enwere ike iji ya dị ka ihe na-egbochi mmiri, ihe mkpuchi ala, na ihe na-ejigide mmiri na ụlọ ọrụ na ọrụ ugbo. Na mgbakwunye, ọ nwere ezigbo mmepe na atụmanya ngwa na ahụike, nri, microbiology, na ọgwụ.

2. Akụkụ nnwale

2.1 Ụkpụrụ nnwale

Nkwadebe nke eriri owu superabsorbent resin bụ tumadi na-etolite a cross-njikọ Ọdịdị na ala ogo nke nnọchi na eriri akpụkpọ. Ịgafe njikọ na ogige ndị na-enwekarị otu arụrụ arụ ọrụ abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa. Otu ndị na-arụ ọrụ nke nwere ike ịmekọrịta njikọ na-agụnye vinyl, hydroxyl, carboxyl, amide, acid chloride, oxirane, nitrile, wdg. The water absorption ratio nke superabsorbent resins kwadebere na dị iche iche cross-linking agents dị iche iche. Na nnwale a, a na-eji N, N-methylenebisacrylamide mee ihe dị ka onye na-emekọrịta ihe, gụnyere usoro ndị a:

(1) Cellulose (Rcell) na-emeghachi omume na ngwọta alkaline iji mepụta cellulose alkali, na mmeghachi omume alkalization nke cellulose bụ mmeghachi omume exothermic ngwa ngwa. Ibelata okpomọkụ na-eme ka e nwee eriri alkali ma nwee ike igbochi hydrolysis ha. Ịgbakwunye mmanya na-aba n'anya nwere ike ime ka nsogbu nke cellulose dịkwuo elu, nke bara uru maka alkalization na etherification na-esote.

RcellOH+NaOH→RcellONa+H2O

(2) Alkali cellulose na monochloroacetic acid na-emepụta sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, na mmeghachi omume etherification bụ mmeghachi omume nucleophilic nnọchi:

RcellONa+ClCH2COONa→RcellOCH2COONa+NaCl

(3) N, N-methylenebisacrylamide cross-linked iji nweta resin nke ukwuu. N'ihi na a ka nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke hydroxyl dị iche iche na molecular yinye nke carboxymethyl fiber, ionization nke hydroxyl otu cellulose na ionization nke acryloyl abụọ njikọ na molekul yinye nke N, N-methylenebisacrylamide nwere ike ịkpalite n'okpuru omume. nke alkali catalysis, na mgbe ahụ Cross-njikọ n'etiti cellulose molekụla agbụ na-apụta site Michael condensation, na ozugbo undergoes proton mgbanwe na mmiri na-aghọ a mmiri-insoluble cellulose superabsorbent resin.

2.2 Akụrụngwa na akụrụngwa

Ngwa ngwa: owu na-amị amị (bee n'ime linters), sodium hydroxide, monochloroacetic acid, N, N-methylenebisacrylamide, ethanol zuru oke, acetone.

Akụrụngwa: flask olu atọ, ọkụ eletrik, reflux condenser, mmiri nzacha flask, Buchner funnel, agụụ ihicha oven, ikesa mmiri agụụ mgbapụta.

2.3 Usoro nkwadebe

2.3.1 Alkalinization

Tinye 1 g nke owu na-amị amị na karama ahụ nwere olu atọ, wee gbakwunye ntakịrị ihe ngwọta sodium hydroxide na ethanol zuru oke, mee ka okpomọkụ dị n'okpuru okpomọkụ, ma kpalie ruo nwa oge.

2.3.2 Etherification

Tinye ụfọdụ chloroacetic acid wee kpalie maka 1h.

2.3.2 Crosslinking

N'oge ikpeazụ nke etherification, a na-agbakwunye N, N-methylenebisacrylamide n'ogo iji mee njikọ njikọ, ma kpalie ya na ụlọ okpomọkụ maka awa 2.

2.3.4 Nhazi nhazi

Jiri glacial acetic acid gbanwee pH uru na 7, sachapụ nnu na ethanol, saa mmiri na acetone, yochaa na mmiri ara, ma kpochaa ya maka awa 4 (ihe dịka 60).°C, ogo agụụ 8.8kPa) iji nweta ngwaahịa filament owu na-acha ọcha.

2.4 Nnwale nyocha

A na-ekpebi ọnụego nnabata mmiri (WRV) site na sieving, ya bụ, 1g nke ngwaahịa (G) na-agbakwunye na beaker nwere 100ml nke mmiri distilled (V1), tinye ya ruo awa 24, na-enyocha ya site na ihuenyo igwe anaghị agba nchara 200-mesh. , na mmiri na ala nke ihuenyo na-anakọta (V2). Usoro ngụkọ bụ nke a: WRV=(V1-V2)/G.

3. Nsonaazụ na mkparịta ụka

3.1 Nhọrọ nke ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume alkalization

N'ime usoro nke ịmepụta cellulose alkali site na omume nke eriri owu na ngwọta alkaline, ọnọdụ usoro ahụ nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na arụmọrụ nke ngwaahịa ahụ. Enwere ọtụtụ ihe na mmeghachi omume alkalisation. Maka ịdị mma nke nleba anya, a na-anabata usoro nhazi nnwale orthogonal.

Ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ: Ihe mgbaze bụ 20ml nke ethanol zuru oke, oke nke alkali na onye na-ahụ maka etherifying (mol / md) bụ 3: 1, na onye na-ahụ maka njikwa bụ 0.05g.

Nsonaazụ nnwale gosiri na: mmekọrịta nke mbụ na nke abụọ: C> A> B, oke kachasị mma: A3B3C3. Ntinye uche nke lye bụ ihe kachasị mkpa na mmeghachi omume alkalization. Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke lye na-enyere aka ịmepụta cellulose alkali. Otú ọ dị, e kwesịrị ịrịba ama na elu ịta nke lye, ukwuu nke nnu ọdịnaya nke njikere superabsorbent resin. Ya mere, mgbe ị na-asacha nnu na ethanol, na-asa ya ọtụtụ ugboro iji hụ na e wepụrụ nnu dị na ngwaahịa ahụ, ka ọ ghara imetụta ikike ntinye mmiri nke ngwaahịa ahụ.

3.2 Mmetụta nke usoro onunu ogwu na-emekọrịta ihe na ngwaahịa WRV

Ọnọdụ nnwale bụ: 20ml nke ethanol zuru oke, 2.3: 1 oke nke alkali na onye na-ahụ maka etherification, 20ml nke lye, na 90min nke alkalization.

Nsonaazụ gosiri na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke onye na-emekọrịta ihe na-emetụta ogo njikọ njikọ nke CMC-Na. Ịgabiga oke ókè na-eduga n'usoro netwọk siri ike na oghere ngwaahịa, nke a na-eji ọnụ ọgụgụ mmiri dị ala na-adịghị mma na-adịghị mma mgbe ọ gbasasịrị mmiri; mgbe ọnụ ọgụgụ nke onye na-eme ihe na-eme ka ọ dị ntakịrị, njedebe na-adịghị agwụ agwụ, na e nwere ngwaahịa na-edozi mmiri, nke na-emetụtakwa ọnụ ọgụgụ ntinye mmiri. Mgbe ọnụ ọgụgụ nke onye na-eme ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-erughị 0.06g, ọnụ ọgụgụ ntinye mmiri na-abawanye site na mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ nke onye na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe karịrị 0.06g, ọnụ ọgụgụ ntinye mmiri na-ebelata. ya na ọnụọgụ nke onye na-emekọrịta ihe. Ya mere, usoro onunu ogwu nke crosslinking bụ ihe dịka 6% nke oke eriri owu.

3.3 Mmetụta nke ọnọdụ etherification na ngwaahịa WRV

Ọnọdụ nnwale bụ: ntinye alkali 40%; alkali olu - 20 ml; ethanol zuru oke - 20 ml; usoro onunu ogwu 0.06g; alkalization 90min.

Site na usoro mmeghachi omume nke kemịkalụ, alkali-ether ratio (NaOH: CICH2-COOH) kwesịrị ịbụ 2: 1, mana ọnụọgụ alkali ejiri mee ihe karịrị nke a, n'ihi na a ghaghị ijide n'aka na a ghaghị ijide n'aka na a ga-ekwe nkwa ụfọdụ ntinye alkali n'efu na usoro mmeghachi omume. , n'ihi na: ụfọdụ A elu mkpokọta nke free isi na-eme ka mmezu nke alkalization mmeghachi omume; A ghaghị ime mmeghachi omume na-ejikọta ya n'okpuru ọnọdụ alkaline; ụfọdụ mmeghachi omume na-eri alkali. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke alkali na-agbakwunyere nke ukwuu, a ga-emebi eriri alkali nke ukwuu, ma n'otu oge ahụ, a ga-ebelata arụmọrụ nke onye na-ahụ maka etherification. Nlele na-egosi na oke nke alkali na ether bụ ihe dịka 2.5: 1.

3.4 Mmetụta nke ego mgbaze

Ọnọdụ nnwale bụ: ntinye alkali 40%; alkali usoro onunu ogwu 20 ml; alkali-ether ruru 2.5: 1; usoro ihe na-emekọrịta ihe na-agafe agafe 0.06g, alkalization 90min.

The mgbaze anhydrous ethanol arụ ọrụ nke dispersing, homogenizing na ịnọgide na-enwe slurry ala nke usoro, nke bara uru na-achụsasị na nyefee okpomọkụ tọhapụrụ n'oge e guzobere alkali cellulose, na ike ibelata hydrolysis mmeghachi omume nke alkali cellulose, si otú inweta edo edo. cellulose . Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmanya agbakwunyere dị ukwuu, alkali na sodium monochloroacetate ga-agbaze na ya, ntinye nke reactants ga-ebelata, mmeghachi omume mmeghachi omume ga-ebelata, ọ ga-enwekwa mmetụta ọjọọ na crosslinking na-esote. Mgbe ọnụọgụ ethanol zuru oke bụ 20ml, uru WRV buru ibu.

Na nchịkọta, ndị kasị adaba ọnọdụ maka ịkwadebe superabsorbent resin si absorbent owu alkalized na etherified carboxymethyl cellulose cross-njikọ site N, N-methylenebisacrylamide bụ: alkali ịta 40%, ihe mgbaze-free 20ml mmiri na ethanol, ruru alkali ka ether. bụ 2.5: 1, na usoro onunu ogwu nke crosslinking bụ 0.06g (6% nke ọnụọgụ owu).