A na-ekewa ngwa ngwa agwakọta nke ọma n'ime ngwa agha agwakọta mmiri na mmiri akọrọ dị ka usoro mmepụta si dị. A na-akpọ ngwakọta mmiri a gwakọtara mmiri na mmiri, nke a na-akpọkwa ngwakọta siri ike nke ihe ndị akọrọ. Enwere ọtụtụ ngwa ngwa na-etinye aka na ngwa agha agwakọtara agwakọta. Na mgbakwunye na ihe cimentious, aggregates, na mineral admixtures, ọ dị mkpa ka a na-agbakwunye ihe mgbakwunye iji mee ka plasticity ya dịkwuo mma, njide mmiri, na nkwụsi ike. E nwere ọtụtụ ụdị admixtures maka ngwa agha dị njikere, nke nwere ike kewaa n'ime cellulose ether, starch ether, redispersible latex powder, bentonite, wdg site na chemical mejupụtara; nwere ike kewaa n'ime ikuku-entraining gị n'ụlọnga, stabilizer, mgbochi cracking eriri, Retarder, osooso, mmiri reducer, dispersant, wdg Isiokwu a na-enyocha ọganihu nyocha nke ọtụtụ admixtures a na-ejikarị na ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa.
1 Ngwakọta ndị a na-ahụkarị maka ngwa agha agwakọtara agwakọta
1.1 Onye na-ahụ maka ikuku
Onye na-eme ihe na-eme ka ikuku na-arụ ọrụ bụ onye na-arụ ọrụ, na ụdị ndị a na-ahụkarị gụnyere rosin resins, alkyl na alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon sulfonic acid, wdg. E nwere ìgwè hydrophilic na hydrophobic dị na molecule nke na-emepụta ikuku. Mgbe a na-etinye ihe na-eme ka ikuku na-eku ume na ngwa agha ahụ, a na-ejikọta ìgwè hydrophilic nke ikuku na-eme ka ikuku na-ejikọta ya na cement particles, ebe ìgwè hydrophobic na-ejikọta ya na obere ikuku ikuku. Na evenly kesara na ngwa agha, nke mere na-egbu oge mmalite hydration usoro nke ciment, melite mmiri njigide arụmọrụ nke ngwa agha, belata ọnwụ ọnụego nke agbanwe agbanwe, na n'otu oge ahụ, obere ikuku egosipụta nwere ike ịrụ a lubricating ọrụ. imeziwanye pumpability na sprayability nke ngwa agha.
Mmetụta nke ikuku-entraining gị n'ụlọnga na arụmọrụ nke njikere mixed n'ibu spraying ngwa agha, ọmụmụ chọpụtara na: ikuku-entraining gị n'ụlọnga weba a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke obere ikuku egosipụta n'ime ngwa agha, nke mma workability nke ngwa agha, belatara iguzogide n'oge mgbapụta na spraying, na mbelata clogging Phenomenon; mgbakwunye nke ihe na-eme ka ikuku na-eme ka ikuku dị ike na-ebelata arụmọrụ ike nke ngwa agha, na mfu nke ike njikọ ike nke ngwa agha na-abawanye na mmụba nke ọdịnaya; Ihe na-eme ka ikuku na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma, 2h nkwụsị nkwụsịtụ ọnụ na njigide mmiri nke ngwa agha Ọnụego na ihe ngosi arụmọrụ ndị ọzọ na-eme ka spraying na mgbapụta ọrụ nke igwe spraying ngwa agha, n'aka nke ọzọ, ọ na-akpata ọnwụ nke mkpakọ ike na bonding. ike nke ngwa agha.
Mmetụta nke ihe atọ na-eme ka ikuku na-eme ka ikuku dị na ngwa ahịa agwakọta ngwa ngwa. Nnyocha ahụ na-egosi na n'echebaraghị mmetụta nke cellulose ether echiche, mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ nke onye na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ikuku nwere ike ibelata njupụta mmiri nke ngwa agha dị njikere, na ọdịnaya nke ngwa agha na-abawanye ụda ikuku na nkwụsi ike nke ukwuu, ebe A na-ebelata ọnụego njide mmiri na ike mkpakọ; na site n'ịmụ banyere mgbanwe ntụgharị arụmọrụ nke ngwa agha a na-ejikọta ya na cellulose ether na ikuku-entraining, a na-achọpụta na ngbanwe nke abụọ kwesịrị ịtụle mgbe a na-ejikọta ihe na-eme ka ikuku na cellulose ether jikọtara ya. Eter cellulose nwere ike ime ka ụfọdụ ihe na-eme ka ikuku daa, si otú ahụ belata ọnụ ọgụgụ njide mmiri nke ngwa agha ahụ.
Otu ngwakọta nke ihe na-eme ka ikuku na-eku ume, onye na-ebelata mbelata na ngwakọta nke abụọ nwere mmetụta ụfọdụ na njirimara nke ngwa agha. Wang Quanlei chọpụtara na mgbakwunye nke ihe na-eme ka ikuku na-eme ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ngwa ngwa na-ebelata, na mgbakwunye nke ndị na-ebelata mbelata nke ukwuu na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ ngwa ngwa. Ha abụọ nwere ike igbu oge mgbawa nke mgbanaka ngwa agha. Mgbe agwakọtara ha abụọ, ọnụ ọgụgụ mbelata nke ngwa agha anaghị agbanwe nke ukwuu, a na-abawanye nguzogide mgbape.
1.2 ntụ ntụ latex na-agbanwe agbanwe
Uzuzu latex a na-emegharị emegharị bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke ngwa ngwa ntụ ntụ a na-emebu nke ọma taa. Ọ bụ polymer mmiri na-edozi mmiri na-emepụta site na emulsion polymer dị elu site na okpomọkụ dị elu na nrụgide dị elu, ịgbasa ihicha, ọgwụgwọ elu na usoro ndị ọzọ. Roger na-ekwere na emulsion kpụrụ site mmeghari ohuru latex ntụ ntụ na ciment ngwa agha Nleta a polymer film Ọdịdị n'ime ngwa agha, nke nwere ike melite ikike ciment ngwa agha iguzogide mmebi.
Nsonaazụ nyocha ngwa nke uzuzu latex na-agbanwegharị na ngwa ngwa ciment na-egosi na ntụ ntụ a na-emegharị emegharị nwere ike melite ngbanwe na ịdị ike nke ihe, melite arụmọrụ nke ngwa ngwa agwakọtara ọhụrụ, ma nwee mmetụta mbelata mmiri. Ndị otu ya nyochara mmetụta nke usoro ọgwụgwọ na ike njigide nke ngwa agha, wee bịa n'otu nkwubi okwu ahụ na uzuzu latex na-agbasasị na-eme ka ngwa agha ahụ kpughee na gburugburu ebe obibi na-eguzogide mgbanwe okpomọkụ na iru mmiri. Anyị tinyere XCT iji mụọ mmetụta nke ụdị ntụ ntụ rọba dị iche iche na ngwa agha gbanwetụrụ na nhazi nke pore, ma kwenye na e jiri ya tụnyere ngwa agha nkịtị, ọnụ ọgụgụ oghere na olu nke oghere na ngwa ngwa gbanwetụrụ dị ukwuu.
A na-ahọrọ ọkwa dị iche iche na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ntụ ntụ rọba gbanwere iji nwalee mmetụta ha na arụmọrụ nke ngwa agha mmiri na-adịghị. Nsonaazụ nyocha gosiri na mgbe ọnụọgụ rọba ntụ ntụ gbanwere dị na 1.0% ruo 1.5%, arụmọrụ nke ọkwa dị iche iche nke ntụ ntụ roba na-emeziwanye. . Mgbe agbakwunyere ntụ ntụ latex na-agbanwe agbanwe na ciment, ọnụ ọgụgụ mbụ nke hydration nke ciment na-ebelata, ihe nkiri polymer na-ekpuchi ihe ndị dị na ciment, ciment na-eme ka mmiri dị ọcha, na-emeziwanye ihe dị iche iche. Site na nyocha, achọpụtara na ịgwakọta ntụ ntụ redispersible redispersible latex n'ime ngwa ngwa ciment nwere ike ibelata mmiri, na latex ntụ ntụ na ciment nwere ike ịmepụta usoro netwọk iji welie njikọ nke ngwa agha, belata oghere nke ngwa agha, ma melite arụmọrụ nke ngwa agha.
Mmetụta mgbanwe nke uzuzu latex na-agbanwe agbanwe na njirimara nke ụrọ simenti aja dị ezigbo mma. N'ime nnyocha ahụ, nkedo nke lime-aja bụ 1: 2.5, na-agbanwe agbanwe bụ (70 ± 5) mm, na ego nke rubber ntụ ntụ ahọrọ dị ka 0-3% nke uka nke wayo-aja , mgbanwe na microscopic Njirimara nke gbanwetụrụ ngwa agha na 28 ụbọchị e nyochara site SEM, na nsonaazụ gosiri na elu ọdịnaya nke redispersible latex ntụ ntụ, ndị ọzọ na-aga n'ihu na polymer film kpụrụ n'elu nke ngwa agha hydration ngwaahịa, na mma na arụmọrụ nke ngwa agha ahụ.
Usoro nke redispersible latex ntụ ntụ na EPS mkpuchi ngwa agha, nchọpụta na-egosi na mgbe ọ na-agwakọta ya na ciment ngwa agha, na polymer ahụ na ciment ga-coagulate, na-akpụ a stacked oyi akwa na ibe ha, na-akpụ a zuru ezu netwọk n'oge usoro hydration. ihe owuwu, si otú ahụ na-emeziwanye ike tensile nke njikọ na ịrụ ọrụ nke ngwa agha mkpuchi ọkụ.
1.3 ntụ ntụ ntụ
Ọrụ nke ntụ ntụ na-eme ka ọ dị arọ bụ iji melite arụmọrụ zuru oke nke ngwa agha ahụ. Ọ bụ ihe ntụ ntụ na-abụghị ikuku nke a kwadebere site na ihe dị iche iche nke inorganic, polymers organic, surfactants na ihe ndị ọzọ pụrụ iche. Thickening ntụ ntụ na-agụnye redispersible latex ntụ ntụ, bentonite, inorganic ịnweta ntụ ntụ, mmiri na-ejigide thickener, wdg, nke nwere ụfọdụ adsorption mmetụta na anụ ahụ mmiri ụmụ irighiri, ọ bụghị nanị nwere ike dịkwuo agbanwe agbanwe na mmiri njigide nke ngwa agha, ma na-enwe ezi ndakọrịta na. simenti dị iche iche. Ndakọrịta ahụ nwere ike melite arụmọrụ ngwa ngwa. Anyị amụwo mmetụta nke HJ-C2 thickened ntụ ntụ na Njirimara nke akọrọ-agwakọta nkịtị ngwa agha, na ya pụta na-egosi na thickened ntụ ntụ nwere obere mmetụta na agbanwe agbanwe na 28d mkpakọ ike nke akọrọ-agwakọta nkịtị ngwa agha, na nwere ezi mma. mmetụta na layering ogo nke ngwa agha mma mmetụta. Mmetụta nke ndim ntụ ntụ na ihe dị iche iche na nhazi anụ ahụ na n'ibu na ịdịte aka nke ngwa agha ọhụrụ n'okpuru usoro dị iche iche. Nsonaazụ nyocha na-egosi na arụ ọrụ nke ngwa agha ọhụrụ emeela ka ọ dịkwuo mma n'ihi mgbakwunye nke ntụ ntụ. Ntinye nke uzuzu latex redispersible na-eme ka ike nke ngwa agha dịkwuo mma ma na-ebelata ike mkpakọ nke ngwa agha, na ntinye nke cellulose ether na inorganic ịnweta ihe na-ebelata mkpakọ na ike ike nke ngwa agha; Akwụsịla ịdịte aka nke ngwakọta akọrọ akọrọ, nke na-abawanye mbelata nke ngwa agha ahụ. Mmetụta nke ngwakọta nke bentonite na cellulose ether na-egosi arụmọrụ nke ngwa agha dị njikere, n'okpuru ọnọdụ nke ịhụ na arụ ọrụ ngwa agha dị mma, a na-ekwubi na ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị mma nke bentonite bụ ihe dịka 10kg / m3, na ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị mma nke cellulose ether. bụ gluu 0.05% nke ngụkọta nke ihe cimenti. N'ụzọ dị otú a, ntụ ntụ na-ejikọta ya na abụọ nwere mmetụta dị mma na arụmọrụ zuru ezu nke ngwa agha ahụ.
1.4 Cellulose Ether
Cellulose ether sitere na nkọwa nke mgbidi cell osisi nke onye ọrụ ugbo France bụ Anselme Payon na 1830s. A na-eme ya site n'imeghachite cellulose sitere na osisi na owu na soda caustic, wee tinye ihe na-eme ka etherification maka mmeghachi omume kemịkal. N'ihi na ether cellulose nwere ezigbo njide mmiri na mmetụta na-eme ka ọ dị arọ, ịgbakwunye obere cellulose ether na ciment nwere ike ime ka arụ ọrụ nke ngwa ngwa agwakọta ọhụrụ dịkwuo mma. N'ime ihe ndị sitere na ciment, ụdị cellulose ether a na-ejikarị gụnyere methyl cellulose ether (MC), hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEC), hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether na hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether. a na-ejikarị eme ihe.
Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na mmiri mmiri, njide mmiri na ike njikọ nke ngwa agha na-ebuli onwe ya. Nsonaazụ na-egosi na cellulose ether nwere ike ime ka njigide mmiri nke ngwa agha dịkwuo mma, belata nkwụsi ike nke ngwa agha, ma na-arụ ọrụ dị mma na-azụ azụ; mgbe ọnụọgụ hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether dị n'etiti 0.02% na 0.04%, ike nke ngwa agha na-ebelata nke ukwuu. Xu Fenlian tụlere mmetụta nke hydrocarbon propyl methyl cellulose ether na arụmọrụ nke ngwa agha agwakọta njikere site na iji mgbanwe nke ọdịnaya nke hydrocarbon propyl methyl cellulose ether. Nsonaazụ na-egosi na ether cellulose na-arụ ọrụ ikuku na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma ma na-eme ka arụ ọrụ nke ngwa agha dịkwuo mma. Njide mmiri ya na-ebelata stratification nke ngwa agha ma na-agbatị oge ọrụ nke ngwa agha ahụ. Ọ bụ ihe mgbakwunye mpụga nke nwere ike imeziwanye arụmọrụ nke ngwa agha ahụ nke ọma. N'oge usoro nyocha, a chọpụtakwara na ọdịnaya nke cellulose ether ekwesịghị ịdị elu, ma ọ bụghị ya, ọ ga-eduga n'ịdị elu nke ikuku nke ngwa agha, na-ebute mbelata njupụta, nkwụsị nke ike na mmetụta na àgwà nke ngwa agha. Mmetụta nke cellulose ether na Njirimara nke ngwa agha agwakọta dị njikere. Nnyocha e mere egosiwo na mgbakwunye nke cellulose ether nwere ike ime ka njide mmiri nke ngwa agha dịkwuo mma, ma n'otu oge ahụ na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na-ebelata mmiri na ngwa ngwa. The cellulose ether nwekwara ike ime ka ngwa agha ngwakọta Mbelata njupụta, ogologo oge mwube oge, mbelata mgbanwe na mkpakọ ike. Cellulose ether na starch ether bụ ụdị admixtures abụọ a na-ejikarị eme ngwa agha. Mmetụta nke abụọ agwakọtara n'ime ngwa ngwa agwakọta akọrọ na arụmọrụ nke ngwa agha ahụ. Nsonaazụ gosiri na nchikota nke abụọ nwere ike imeziwanye ike njikọ nke ngwa agha ahụ nke ọma.
Ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta amụwo mmetụta nke cellulose ether na ike nke ciment mortar, ma n'ihi ụdị dị iche iche nke cellulose ether, molekụla paramita dị iche iche, na-akpata nnukwu ọdịiche na arụmọrụ nke simenti gbanwetụrụ. Mmetụta nke viscosity na onunu ogwu nke cellulose ether na n'ibu Njirimara nke ciment slurry. Nsonaazụ na-egosi na ike nke simenti ngwa ngwa gbanwetụrụ na cellulose ether na elu viscosity dị ala, na mkpakọ ike nke ciment slurry na-egosi nnukwu mmụba na onunu ogwu nke cellulose ether. Usoro nke ibelata na n'ikpeazụ na-eme ka ọ kwụsie ike, ebe ike na-agbanwe agbanwe gosipụtara usoro mgbanwe nke ịba ụba, na-ebelata, kwụsiri ike ma na-abawanye ntakịrị.
2 Epilogue
(1) Nnyocha nke admixtures ka na-ejedebe na nyocha nyocha, na mmetụta na-arụ ọrụ nke ihe ndị dabeere na ciment na-enweghị nkwado usoro usoro ihe omimi dị omimi. A ka na-enwekwaghị ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụgụ mmetụta nke mgbakwunye nke admixtures na ihe mejupụtara molekụla nke ihe ndị sitere na ciment, mgbanwe nke ike njikọ interface, na usoro hydration.
(2) Ekwesịrị ime ka mmetụta nke admixture pụta ìhè na ngwa injinia. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọtụtụ nyocha ka na-ejedebe na nyocha ụlọ nyocha. Ụdị dị iche iche nke mgbidi mgbidi, nhụsianya elu, ntinye mmiri, wdg nwere ihe dị iche iche a chọrọ na ihe ngosi anụ ahụ nke ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa. Oge dị iche iche, okpomọkụ, ọsọ ifufe, ike nke igwe eji na ụzọ arụ ọrụ, wdg niile na-emetụta ngwa ngwa agwakọtara tupu oge eruo. Mmetụta nke ịgwakọta ngwa agha. Iji nweta mmetụta dị mma na injinia, ngwa agha agwakọta dị njikere kwesịrị ịdị iche iche na ahaziri onwe ya, yana nhazi ahịrị mmepụta na ihe achọrọ nke ụlọ ọrụ kwesịrị ịtụle nke ọma, na nkwenye mmepụta nke usoro nyocha ahụ kwesịrị iburu n'uche. pụọ, ka o wee nweta ogo kachasị mma.
Oge nzipu: Nov-22-2022