A na-ejikarị cellulose ether eme ihe na ngwa agha. Dị ka ụdị cellulose etherified,cellulose ethernwere mmekọrịta maka mmiri, na nke a polima compound nwere magburu onwe mmiri absorption na mmiri njigide ikike, nke nwere ike ọma dozie ọbara ọgbụgba nke ngwa agha, obere ọrụ oge, stickiness, wdg Ezughi oke eriri ike na ọtụtụ nsogbu ndị ọzọ.
Site na mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ ihe owuwu nke ụwa na-aga n'ihu na nyocha nke ihe ụlọ na-aga n'ihu, ịzụ ahịa nke ngwa agha aghọwo ihe a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha. N'ihi ọtụtụ uru nke ngwa agha ọdịnala na-enweghị, iji ngwa agha a na-ere ahịa aghọọla ihe a na-ahụkarị n'obodo ukwu na nke etiti na mba m. Agbanyeghị, ngwa agha azụmahịa ka nwere ọtụtụ nsogbu teknụzụ.
Ngwa agha dị elu dị elu, dị ka ngwa agha nkwado, ihe ndị na-emepụta ciment, wdg, n'ihi nnukwu mmiri na-ebelata mmiri ejiri mee ihe, ga-eme ka ọbara ọgbụgba dị njọ ma na-emetụta arụmọrụ ngwa agha zuru oke; Ọ na-enwe mmetụta nke ukwuu, ọ na-adịkarịkwa ka ọ dị oke njọ mbelata na arụ ọrụ n'ihi nkwụsị mmiri n'ime obere oge mgbe agwakọtachara, nke pụtara na oge ọrụ dị oke mkpụmkpụ; na mgbakwunye, maka ngwa agha jikọtara ọnụ, ọ bụrụ na ngwa agha ahụ enweghị ikike njigide mmiri zuru oke, nnukwu mmiri ga-etinye ya na matrix ahụ, na-akpata ụkọ mmiri nke obere ngwa agha njikọ, ya mere enweghị hydration zuru oke, na-akpata mbelata ike na ike. mbelata nke ike njikọta.
Na mgbakwunye, admixtures dị ka ele mmadụ anya n'ihu dochie simenti, dị ka ofufe ash, granulated gbawara ọkụ slag ntụ ntụ (mineral ntụ ntụ), silica fume, wdg, ugbu a ọzọ na ndị ọzọ mkpa. Dị ka ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ihe mkpofu, ma ọ bụrụ na admixture enweghị ike iji ya mee ihe n'ụzọ zuru ezu, nchịkọta ya ga-ejide ma bibie nnukwu ala, ọ ga-ebutekwa mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọ bụrụ na a na-eji admixtures mee ihe n'ụzọ ezi uche dị na ya, ha nwere ike imeziwanye ihe ụfọdụ nke ihe na ngwa ngwa, ma dozie nsogbu injinịa nke ihe na ngwa ngwa na ụfọdụ ngwa. Ya mere, ngwa ngwa nke admixtures bara uru na gburugburu ebe obibi na uru ụlọ ọrụ.
Emeela ọtụtụ ọmụmụ n'ụlọ na ná mba ọzọ na mmetụta nke cellulose ether na admixtures na ngwa agha, ma a ka nwere enweghị mkparịta ụka banyere mmetụta nke ijikọta ọnụ nke abụọ.
N'akwụkwọ a, a na-eji ihe ndị dị mkpa na ngwa ngwa, cellulose ether na admixture mee ihe na ngwa ngwa, na iwu mmetụta zuru oke nke ihe abụọ dị na ngwa agha na mmiri na ike nke ngwa agha na-achikota site na nyocha. Site n'ịgbanwe ụdị na ọnụọgụ cellulose ether na admixtures na ule ahụ, a na-ahụ mmetụta dị na mmiri na ike nke ngwa agha (n'akwụkwọ a, usoro gelling ule na-ejikarị usoro ọnụọgụ abụọ). E jiri ya tụnyere HPMC, CMC adabaghị maka ịgbatị na njigide mmiri nke ihe ciment dabeere na ciment. HPMC nwere ike ibelata mmiri mmiri nke slurry nke ukwuu ma mụbaa ọnwụ ka oge na-aga na obere usoro onunu ogwu (n'okpuru 0.2%). Belata ike nke ngwa ngwa ahụ ma belata mkpakọ-na-mpịakọta ruru. Ihe omimi zuru oke na ike chọrọ, ọdịnaya HPMC dị na O. 1% dabara adaba. N'ihe gbasara admixtures, ash uzuoku nwere mmetụta ụfọdụ n'ịba ụba mmiri nke slurry, na mmetụta nke slag powder abụghị ihe doro anya. Ọ bụ ezie na uzuoku silica nwere ike belata ọbara ọgbụgba nke ọma, mmiri nwere ike ịla n'iyi nke ukwuu mgbe usoro onunu ogwu bụ 3%. . Mgbe nlebara anya zuru oke, a na-ekwubi na mgbe a na-eji uyi efe efe mee ihe n'ụdị ma ọ bụ ngwa agha siri ike nke chọrọ ngwa ngwa hardening na ike mmalite, usoro onunu ogwu ekwesịghị ịdị oke elu, usoro ọgwụgwọ kachasị bụ ihe dịka 10%, yana mgbe ejiri ya maka njikọta. ngwa agha, a na-agbakwunye ya na 20%. ‰ nwekwara ike ihu ọma izute chọrọ; na-atụle ihe ndị dị ka ụda olu dara ogbenye nke ntụ ntụ ịnweta na silica fume, a ghaghị ịchịkwa ya n'okpuru 10% na 3% n'otu n'otu. Mmetụta nke admixtures na cellulose ethers ejikọtaghị nke ọma ma nwee mmetụta onwe ya.
Na mgbakwunye, na-ezo aka na tiori ike Feret na ọnụọgụ ọrụ nke admixtures, akwụkwọ a na-atụpụta usoro amụma ọhụrụ maka ike mkpakọ nke ihe ndị sitere na ciment. Site n'ịtụle ọnụọgụ ọrụ nke ihe ndị na-emepụta mineral na ike nke Feret site n'echiche olu na ileghara mmekọrịta dị n'etiti admixtures dị iche iche anya, usoro a na-ekwubi na admixtures, oriri mmiri na nchịkọta nchịkọta nwere ọtụtụ mmetụta na ihe. Iwu mmetụta nke ike (mortar) nwere ezigbo ntụzịaka pụtara.
Site n'ọrụ a dị n'elu, akwụkwọ a na-ewepụta ụfọdụ nkwubi okwu na nke bara uru na uru ụfọdụ.
Okwu: cellulose ether,ngwa agha fluidity, workability, mineral admixture, ike amụma
Isi nke 1 Okwu Mmalite
1.1ngwa agha ngwaahịa
1.1.1Okwu mmalite nke ngwa agha azụmahịa
N'ime ụlọ ọrụ ihe owuwu nke obodo m, koncre enwetala ọkwa dị elu nke ịzụ ahịa, na ịzụ ahịa ngwa agha na-abawanye elu, ọkachasị maka ngwa agha pụrụ iche dị iche iche, ndị na-emepụta ihe nwere ikike teknụzụ dị elu chọrọ iji hụ na ngwa agha dị iche iche. Ihe ngosi arụmọrụ tozuru oke. A na-ekewa ngwa ngwa ahịa ahịa ụzọ abụọ: ngwa agha agwakọtara agwakọta na ngwa ngwa agwakọta akpọnwụ. Ngwa ngwa agwakọta agwakọta pụtara na a na-ebuga ngwa agha ahụ n'ebe a na-ewu ihe owuwu mgbe onye na-ebubata ya gwachara ya na mmiri n'ihu dị ka ihe a chọrọ si dị, ebe a na-eme ngwa ngwa agwakọta akọrọ site n'aka onye na-emepụta ngwa agha site na ịgwakọta nkụ na nkwakọ ngwaahịa cimentious. nchịkọta na mgbakwunye dị ka otu ruru. Tinye ụfọdụ mmiri na ebe a na-ewu ihe owuwu ma gwakọta ya tupu ejiri ya.
Ngwa agha ọdịnala nwere ọtụtụ adịghị ike na ojiji na arụmọrụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nchịkọta nke akụrụngwa na ịgwakọta na saịtị enweghị ike imezu ihe achọrọ maka owuwu mepere emepe na nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, n'ihi ọnọdụ ihe owuwu na saịtị na ihe ndị ọzọ, ọ dị mfe ime ka àgwà nke ngwa agha sie ike ikwe nkwa, ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịnweta arụmọrụ dị elu. ngwa agha. E jiri ya tụnyere ngwa agha ọdịnala, ngwa agha azụmahịa nwere ụfọdụ uru doro anya. Nke mbụ, àgwà ya dị mfe ijikwa ma kwe nkwa, arụmọrụ ya dị elu, a na-anụcha ụdị ya, yana ọ ka mma iji chọọ injinia. Ewupụtala ngwa agha agwakọta akọrọ nke Europe na 1950s, obodo m na-agbakwa mbọ ike itinye ngwa ngwa ngwa ahịa. Shanghai ejirila ngwa agha azụmahịa na 2004. Site na mmepe mmepe nke usoro ime obodo nke obodo m, ma ọ dịkarịa ala n'ahịa obodo, ọ ga-abụ ihe a na-apụghị izere ezere na ngwa agha azụmahịa nwere uru dị iche iche ga-eji dochie ngwa agha ọdịnala.
1.1.2Nsogbu dị na ngwa agha azụmahịa
Ọ bụ ezie na ngwa agha azụmahịa nwere ọtụtụ uru karịa ngwa agha ọdịnala, a ka nwere ọtụtụ ihe isi ike nka dị ka ngwa agha. Igwe mmiri dị elu dị elu, dị ka ngwa agha nkwado, ihe ndị na-esi na ciment, wdg, nwere nnukwu ihe a chọrọ maka ike na ịrụ ọrụ ọrụ, ya mere ojiji nke superplasticizers buru ibu, nke ga-eme ka ọbara ọgbụgba siri ike ma na-emetụta ngwa agha ahụ. arụmọrụ zuru oke; na ụfọdụ ngwa agha rọba, n'ihi na ha na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na mmiri na-efunahụ, ọ dị mfe ịnweta mbelata dị ukwuu na arụ ọrụ n'ihi nkwụsị mmiri n'ime obere oge mgbe agwakọtachara, na oge ọrụ dị mkpụmkpụ: Na mgbakwunye. , n'ihi na N'ihe nke bonding ngwa agha, na bonding matriks na-adịkarị akọrọ. N'oge usoro ihe owuwu ahụ, n'ihi enweghị ike nke ngwa agha iji jide mmiri, nnukwu mmiri ga-etinye aka na matriks, na-eme ka mmiri dị n'ime obodo nke ụrọ njikọ na hydration zuru ezu. Ihe ngosi na ike na-ebelata na ike nrapado na-ebelata.
Na nzaghachi nye ajụjụ ndị a dị n'elu, a na-eji ihe mgbakwunye dị mkpa, cellulose ether, mee ihe na ngwa ngwa. Dị ka ụdị etherified cellulose, cellulose ether nwere mmekọrita maka mmiri, na nke a polymer compound nwere magburu onwe mmiri absorption na mmiri njigide ikike, nke nwere ike ọma dozie ọbara ọgbụgba nke ngwa agha, obere ọrụ oge, stickiness, wdg Ezughi oke eriri ike na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. nsogbu.
Na mgbakwunye, admixtures dị ka ele mmadụ anya n'ihu dochie simenti, dị ka ofufe ash, granulated gbawara ọkụ slag ntụ ntụ (mineral ntụ ntụ), silica fume, wdg, ugbu a ọzọ na ndị ọzọ mkpa. Anyị maara na ọtụtụ n'ime admixtures bụ ngwaahịa sitere na ụlọ ọrụ dị ka ọkụ eletrik, nchara nchara, ferrosilicon na-agbaze na silicon ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Ọ bụrụ na enweghị ike iji ha mee ihe n'ụzọ zuru ezu, nchịkọta nke admixtures ga-ebi ma bibie nnukwu ala ma kpatara nnukwu mmebi. mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi. N'aka nke ọzọ, ọ bụrụ na a na-eji admixtures eme ihe n'ụzọ ezi uche dị na ya, a pụrụ imeziwanye ihe ụfọdụ nke ihe na ngwa ngwa, na ụfọdụ nsogbu injinịa na ntinye nke ihe na ngwa ngwa nwere ike dozie nke ọma. Ya mere, ngwa ngwa nke admixtures bara uru na gburugburu ebe obibi na ụlọ ọrụ. bara uru.
1.2Cellulose ethers
Cellulose ether (cellulose ether) bụ ngwakọta polymer nwere nhazi ether nke etherification nke cellulose mepụtara. Mgbanaka glucosyl ọ bụla na cellulose macromolecules nwere otu hydroxyl atọ, otu hydroxyl bụ isi na carbon carbon nke isii, otu hydroxyl nke abụọ na carbon carbon nke abụọ na nke atọ, na otu hydrocarbon nọchiri anya hydrogen na hydroxyl otu hydrocarbon iji mepụta cellulose ether. usoro. ihe. Cellulose bụ polyhydroxy polymer compound nke na-adịghị agbaze ma ọ bụ gbazee, ma cellulose nwere ike agbaze na mmiri, itughari alkali ngwọta na organic mgbaze mgbe etherification, na nwere a ụfọdụ thermoplasticity.
Cellulose ether na-ewere cellulose eke dị ka akụrụngwa ma kwadebere ya site na mgbanwe kemịkalụ. E kewara ya ụzọ abụọ: ionic na nke na-abụghị ionic n'ụdị ionized. A na-eji ya eme ihe na kemịkalụ, mmanụ ala, ihe owuwu, ọgwụ, ceramik na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ. .
1.2.1Nhazi nke cellulose ethers maka owuwu
Cellulose ether maka owuwu bụ okwu n'ozuzu maka usoro nke ngwaahịa na-emepụta site na mmeghachi omume nke cellulose alkali na etherifying n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ. Enwere ike nweta ụdị dị iche iche nke cellulose ethers site na dochie alkali cellulose na ihe dị iche iche etherifying.
1. Dị ka ionization Njirimara nke ndị na-anọchi anya, cellulose ethers nwere ike kewaa ụzọ abụọ: ionic (dị ka carboxymethyl cellulose) na-abụghị ionic (dị ka methyl cellulose).
2. Dị ka ụdị ndị na-anọchi anya, cellulose ethers nwere ike kewaa n'ime otu ethers (dị ka methyl cellulose) na ngwakọta ethers (dị ka hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose).
3. Dị ka dị iche iche solubility, ọ na-ekewa n'ime mmiri-soluble (dị ka hydroxyethyl cellulose) na organic mgbaze solubility (dị ka ethyl cellulose), wdg Isi ngwa ụdị ngwa akọrọ-agwakọta ngwa agha bụ mmiri-soluble cellulose, mgbe mmiri. -soluble cellulose Ọ na-ekewa n'ime ngwa ngwa ụdị na-egbu oge mgbasa ụdị mgbe elu ọgwụgwọ.
1.2.2 Nkọwa nke usoro nke cellulose ether na ngwa agha
Cellulose ether bụ isi ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị mma na-ejigide mmiri nke ngwa ngwa agwakọta akọrọ, na ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ihe ndị dị mkpa iji chọpụta ego nke ngwa ngwa agwakọta akọrọ.
1. Mgbe ether cellulose dị na ngwa agha gbazere na mmiri, ọrụ elu pụrụ iche na-eme ka a hụ na ihe ndị na-emepụta cementious na-eme ka ihe dị mma na-agbasasị n'ime usoro slurry, na cellulose ether, dị ka colloid nchebe, nwere ike "na-ekpuchi" ihe siri ike, ya mere. , A na-emepụta ihe nkiri na-egbuke egbuke n'elu elu, na ihe nkiri na-egbuke egbuke nwere ike ime ka anụ ahụ dị mma nwee thixotropy dị mma. Nke ahụ bụ, olu ahụ dị ntakịrị na ọnọdụ guzoro ọtọ, ọ gaghị enwekwa ihe ọjọọ dị ka ọbara ọgbụgba ma ọ bụ stratification nke ìhè na ihe dị arọ, nke na-eme ka usoro ngwa agha kwụsie ike; mgbe ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ ọgba aghara na-ewu ụlọ, cellulose ether ga-ekere òkè n'ibelata ncha nke slurry. Mmetụta nke nguzogide mgbanwe na-eme ka ngwa agha ahụ nwee ezigbo mmiri na ịdị nro n'oge a na-ewu n'oge usoro ngwakọta.
2. N'ihi njirimara nke usoro ihe omimi nke ya, ihe ngwọta cellulose ether nwere ike idobe mmiri ma ghara ịla n'iyi ngwa ngwa mgbe ejikọta ya na ngwa agha, a ga-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ hapụ ya ogologo oge, nke na-agbatị oge ọrụ nke ngwa agha ahụ. ma na-enye ngwa agha ahụ ezigbo njide mmiri na ịrụ ọrụ.
1.2.3 Ọtụtụ mkpa ihe owuwu ọkwa cellulose ethers
1. Methyl cellulose (MC)
Mgbe ejiri alkali mesoo owu a nụchara anụcha, a na-eji methyl chloride mee ihe na-eme ka ether na-emepụta cellulose ether site na usoro mmeghachi omume. The n'ozuzu nnọchi ogo bụ 1. Na-agbaze 2.0, ogo nke nnọchi dị iche na solubility dịkwa iche. Nke na-abụghị ionic cellulose ether.
2. Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)
A na-akwado ya site na imeghachi omume na ethylene oxide dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na ọnụnọ acetone mgbe ejiri alkali mesoo owu a nụchara anụcha. Ọkwa nke nnọchi bụ n'ozuzu 1.5 ka 2.0. Ọ nwere hydrophilicity siri ike ma dị mfe ịmịkọrọ mmiri.
3. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose bụ ụdị cellulose nke mmepụta na oriri ya na-abawanye ngwa ngwa n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya. Ọ bụ ihe na-abụghị ionic cellulose agwakọta ether mere si nụchara anụcha owu mgbe alkali ọgwụgwọ, na-eji propylene oxide na methyl chloride dị ka etherifying elekọta mmadụ, na site a usoro nke mmeghachi omume. Ọkwa nke nnọchi bụ n'ozuzu 1.2 ka 2.0. Ngwongwo ya na-adịgasị iche dabere n'oke ọdịnaya metoxyl na ọdịnaya hydroxypropyl.
4. Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
A na-akwado ionic cellulose ether site na eriri eke (owu, wdg) mgbe ọgwụgwọ alkali gasịrị, na-eji sodium monochloroacetate dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe, na site na usoro ọgwụgwọ mmeghachi omume. Ogo nke nnọchi n'ozuzu bụ 0.4–d. 4. Ọrụ ya na-emetụta nke ukwuu site na ogo nke nnọchi.
N'ime ha, ụdị nke atọ na nke anọ bụ ụdị cellulose abụọ ejiri mee nnwale a.
1.2.4 Ọnọdụ mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ cellulose ether
Mgbe ọtụtụ afọ nke mmepe gasịrị, ahịa cellulose ether na mba ndị mepere emepe etoola nke ukwuu, na ahịa na mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe ka na-eto eto, nke ga-abụ isi ihe na-akpali akpali maka uto nke cellulose ether oriri n'ọdịnihu. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ngụkọta ikike mmepụta nke cellulose ether zuru ụwa ọnụ karịrị 1 nde tọn, na Europe na-aza 35% nke ngụkọta oriri zuru ụwa ọnụ, Asia na North America sochiri. Carboxymethyl cellulose ether (CMC) bụ isi ndị na-azụ ahịa, na-aza 56% nke ngụkọta, sochiri methyl cellulose ether (MC/HPMC) na hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEC), na-aza 56% nke ngụkọta. 25% na 12%. Ụlọ ọrụ ether cellulose si mba ọzọ na-asọmpi nke ukwuu. Mgbe ọtụtụ njikọta gasịrị, a na-etinye aka na mmepụta ya n'ọtụtụ nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ, dị ka Dow Chemical Company na Hercules Company na United States, Akzo Nobel na Netherlands, Noviant na Finland na DAICEL na Japan, wdg.
obodo m bụ onye na-emepụta cellulose ether kasị ukwuu n'ụwa, na-enwe nkezi uto kwa afọ karịa 20%. Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ mmalite si kwuo, e nwere ihe dị ka ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta cellulose ether 50 na China. The e mere mmepụta ike nke cellulose ether ụlọ ọrụ agafeela 400,000 tọn, na e nwere banyere 20 ụlọ ọrụ na a ikike nke ihe karịrị 10,000 tọn, tumadi emi odude ke Shandong, Hebei, Chongqing na Jiangsu. , Zhejiang, Shanghai na ebe ndị ọzọ. N'afọ 2011, ikike mmepụta CMC nke China dị ihe dị ka tọn 300,000. N'ịbawanye ụbara maka cellulose ethers dị elu na ọgwụ, nri, kemịkalụ kwa ụbọchị na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ọchịchọ anụ ụlọ maka ngwaahịa cellulose ether ndị ọzọ karịa CMC na-abawanye. Nke buru ibu, ikike nke MC/HPMC bụ ihe dị ka tọn 120,000, na ikike nke HEC dị ihe dị ka tọn 20,000. PAC ka nọ na ọkwa nkwalite na ngwa na China. Site na mmepe nke nnukwu mmanụ dị n'ụsọ mmiri na mmepe nke ihe owuwu ụlọ, nri, kemịkalụ na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ, ọnụ ọgụgụ na ubi nke PAC na-abawanye ma na-amụba kwa afọ, na-enwe ike ịmepụta ihe karịrị 10,000 tọn.
1.3Nnyocha na ntinye nke cellulose ether na ngwa agha
Banyere nyocha ngwa injinia nke cellulose ether na ụlọ ọrụ ihe owuwu, ndị ọkà mmụta ụlọ na ndị mba ọzọ emeela ọtụtụ nyocha nyocha na nyocha usoro.
1.3.1Mkpebi dị mkpirikpi nke nchọpụta mba ọzọ na ntinye nke cellulose ether na ngwa agha
Laetitia Patural, Philippe Marchal na ndị ọzọ nọ na France rụtụrụ aka na cellulose ether nwere mmetụta dị ịrịba ama na njide mmiri nke ngwa agha, na nhazi nhazi bụ isi ihe, na ịdị arọ molecular bụ isi ihe na-achịkwa njide mmiri na nkwụsi ike. Site na mmụba nke ịdị arọ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, nrụgide mkpụrụ na-ebelata, nkwụsi ike na-abawanye, na arụmọrụ njigide mmiri na-abawanye; N'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, ogo ngbanwe nke molar (nke metụtara ọdịnaya nke hydroxyethyl ma ọ bụ hydroxypropyl) enwechaghị mmetụta na njide mmiri nke ngwa ngwa agwakọta akpọnwụ. Otú ọ dị, ethers cellulose nwere ogo molar dị ala nke ngbanwe emewo ka njigide mmiri dị mma.
Nkwubi okwu dị mkpa banyere usoro njide mmiri bụ na ihe ndị na-ahụ maka rheological nke ngwa agha ahụ dị oke egwu. Enwere ike ịhụ ya site na nsonaazụ ule na maka ngwa ngwa agwakọta akọrọ nke nwere oke ciment nke mmiri na ọdịnaya admixture, arụ ọrụ njide mmiri na-enwekarị otu oge dị ka nkwụsị ya. Otú ọ dị, maka ụfọdụ cellulose ethers, omume adịghị anya; na mgbakwunye, maka starch ethers, enwere ụkpụrụ dị iche. Viscosity nke ngwakọta ọhụrụ abụghị naanị oke maka ikpebi njide mmiri.
Laetitia Patural, Patrice Potion, et al., Site n'enyemaka nke gradient ubi pulsed na usoro MRI, chọpụtara na njem mmiri dị na interface nke ngwa agha na ihe ndị na-adịghị mma na-emetụta site na mgbakwunye nke obere CE. Ọnwụ nke mmiri bụ n'ihi mmetụta capillary kama mgbasa mmiri. Mbugharị mmiri site na mmetụta capillary na-achịkwa site na nrụgide micropore nke mkpụrụ, nke n'aka nke ya na-ekpebi site na nha micropore na Laplace theory interfacial stress, yana viscosity mmiri. Nke a na-egosi na rheological Njirimara nke CE aqueous ngwọta bụ isi ihe na-arụ ọrụ njigide mmiri. Otú ọ dị, echiche a megidere ụfọdụ nkwenye (ndị ọzọ tackifiers dị ka elu molecular polyethylene oxide na starch ethers adịghị irè dị ka CE).
Jean. Yves Petit, Erie Wirquin et al. ejiri cellulose ether mee ihe site na nnwale, na 2% ngwọta viscosity ya sitere na 5000 ruo 44500mpa. S sitere na MC na HEMC. Chọta:
1. Maka ego a kapịrị ọnụ nke CE, ụdị CE nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na viscosity nke ngwa nrapado maka taịlị. Nke a bụ n'ihi asọmpi dị n'etiti CE na ntụ ntụ polymer na-ekesa maka mgbasa nke akụkụ ciment.
2. Mgbasa ozi asọmpi nke CE na ntụ ntụ rubber nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na nhazi oge na spalling mgbe oge ihe owuwu bụ 20-30min.
3. A na-emetụta ike nkekọ site na ijikọta CE na ntụ ntụ roba. Mgbe ihe nkiri CE enweghị ike igbochi evaporation nke mmiri na interface nke tile na ngwa agha, nrapado n'okpuru ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ dị elu na-ebelata.
4. Ekwesịrị iburu n'uche nhazi na mmekọrịta nke CE na ntụ ntụ polymer na-ekesa mgbe ị na-emepụta oke nke ngwa ngwa nrapado maka taịlị.
Ụlọ ọrụ LschmitzC nke Germany. J. Dr. H (a) cker kwuru n'isiokwu ahụ na HPMC na HEMC na cellulose ether nwere oke ọrụ dị oke mkpa na njide mmiri na ngwa ngwa agwakọta akọrọ. Na mgbakwunye na ijide n'aka na nkwalite njigide mmiri nke cellulose ether, a na-atụ aro ka a na-eji cellulose ethers emezigharị na-emeziwanye ma na-emeziwanye ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke ngwa agha na ihe onwunwe nke akọrọ na nkụ siri ike.
1.3.2Mkpebi dị mkpirikpi nke nyocha ụlọ na ntinye nke cellulose ether na ngwa agha
Xin Quanchang si Xi'an University of Architecture na Technology mụrụ mmetụta nke dị iche iche polymers na ụfọdụ Njirimara nke bonding ngwa agha, na chọpụtara na ihe mejupụtara ojiji nke dispersible polymer ntụ ntụ na hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether nwere ike ọ bụghị nanị melite arụmọrụ nke bonding ngwa agha, ma. nwekwara ike belata akụkụ nke ọnụ ahịa; nsonaazụ ule na-egosi na mgbe a na-achịkwa ọdịnaya nke ntụ ntụ latex redispersible na 0.5%, na ọdịnaya nke hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether na-achịkwa na 0.2%, ngwa agha a kwadebere na-eguzogide ọgwụ na-ehulata. na ike njikọ na-apụta ìhè karị, ma nwee ezigbo mgbanwe na plasticity.
Prọfesọ Ma Baoguo si Wuhan University of Technology rụtụrụ aka na cellulose ether nwere doro anya retardation mmetụta, na nwere ike imetụta structural ụdị nke hydration ngwaahịa na pore Ọdịdị nke ciment slurry; cellulose ether bụ tumadi adsorbed n'elu simenti irighiri na-etolite a ụfọdụ mgbochi mmetụta. Ọ na-egbochi nucleation na uto nke ngwaahịa hydration; N'aka nke ọzọ, cellulose ether na-egbochi mbugharị na mgbasa nke ion n'ihi na viscosity doro anya na-abawanye mmetụta, si otú ahụ na-egbu oge hydration nke ciment ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ; cellulose ether nwere nkwụsi ike alkali.
Jian Shouwei nke Mahadum Teknụzụ nke Wuhan kwubiri na ọrụ CE na ngwa agha na-egosipụtakarị n'akụkụ atọ: ikike njide mmiri dị mma, mmetụta na ịdịgide ngwa ngwa na thixotropy, na mmezi nke rheology. CE ọ bụghị naanị na-enye ngwa agha arụmọrụ dị mma, kamakwa iji belata mmalite hydration okpomọkụ ntọhapụ nke ciment na-egbu oge hydration kinetic usoro nke ciment, n'ezie, dabere na dị iche iche ojiji ikpe nke ngwa agha, e nwekwara ọdịiche na ya arụmọrụ nwale ụzọ. .
A na-etinye ngwa ngwa CE gbanwetụrụ n'ụdị ngwa agha nke nwere obere oyi akwa kwa ụbọchị (dịka ihe nkedo brik, putty, plastering plastering, wdg). Ihe owuwu a pụrụ iche na-esonyere ya na mfu mmiri ngwa ngwa nke ngwa agha ahụ. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, nyocha bụ isi na-elekwasị anya na nrapado tile ihu, yana nyocha dị ntakịrị na ụdị akwa CE ndị ọzọ dị mkpa.
Su Lei sitere na Mahadum Teknụzụ nke Wuhan nwetara site na nyocha nnwale nke ọnụego njide mmiri, mfu mmiri na ịtọ oge nke ngwa agha ejiri cellulose ether gbanwee. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mmiri na-ebelata nke nta nke nta, na oge coagulation na-adị ogologo; mgbe oke mmiri ruru O. Mgbe 6% gasịrị, mgbanwe nke njide mmiri na mmiri na-efu adịghịzi egosi, na oge nhazi ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ okpukpu abụọ; na nyocha nnwale nke ike mkpakọ ya na-egosi na mgbe ọdịnaya nke cellulose ether dị ala karịa 0.8%, ọdịnaya nke cellulose ether bụ ihe na-erughị 0.8%. Mmụba ahụ ga-ebelata nke ukwuu ike mkpakọ; na n'ihe gbasara njikọta na-arụ ọrụ na bọọdụ ụrọ ciment, O. N'okpuru 7% nke ọdịnaya, mmụba nke ọdịnaya nke cellulose ether nwere ike imeziwanye ike njikọ.
Lai Jianqing nke Xiamen Hongye Engineering Construction Technology Co., Ltd. nyochara wee kwubie na ezigbo usoro onunu ogwu nke cellulose ether mgbe ị na-atụle ọnụ ọgụgụ njide mmiri na nkwụsịtụ index bụ 0 site n'usoro ule na ọnụego njide mmiri, ike na ike njikọ nke. EPS mkpuchi mkpuchi ọkụ. 2%; cellulose ether nwere mmetụta ikuku na-eme ka ikuku dị ike, nke ga-eme ka ike na-ebelata, karịsịa mbelata nke ike njikọ ike, ya mere a na-atụ aro ka iji ya na ntụ ntụ polymer redispersible.
Yuan Wei na Qin Min nke Xinjiang Building Materials Research Institute mere nnwale na ngwa nyocha nke cellulose ether n'ime kọmpụta nwere ụfụfụ. Nsonaazụ ule na-egosi na HPMC na-eme ka ọrụ njigide mmiri na-arụ ọrụ nke ụfụfụ ọhụrụ ma na-ebelata ọnụego mmiri nke mmiri ụfụfụ siri ike; HPMC nwere ike ibelata mbelata mfu nke ihe ọfụfụ ọhụrụ ma belata mmetụta nke ngwakọta na okpomọkụ. ; HPMC ga-ebelata mkpakọ ike nke ụfụfụ ihe. N'okpuru ọnọdụ ọgwụgwọ eke, ụfọdụ ego nke HPMC nwere ike melite ike nke ụdị ahụ ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ.
Li Yuhai nke Wacker Polymer Materials Co., Ltd. rụtụrụ aka na ụdị na ego nke latex ntụ ntụ, ụdị cellulose ether na ebe a na-agwọ ọrịa nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na mmetụta nkwụsị nke plastering mortar. Mmetụta nke cellulose ethers na ike mmetụta bụkwa ihe na-adịghị mma ma e jiri ya tụnyere ọdịnaya polymer na ọnọdụ ọgwụgwọ.
Yin Qingli nke AkzoNobel Specialty Chemicals (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. jiri Bermocoll PADl, nke a na-agbanwe agbanwe nke polystyrene board bonding cellulose ether, maka nnwale ahụ, nke dabara adaba maka ngwa agha njikọ nke usoro mkpuchi mgbidi EPS. Bermocoll PADl nwere ike imeziwanye ike njikọ dị n'etiti ngwa agha na osisi polystyrene na mgbakwunye na ọrụ niile nke ether cellulose. Ọbụlagodi na usoro onunu ogwu dị ala, ọ bụghị naanị na ọ ga-eme ka njigide mmiri na arụ ọrụ nke ngwa ngwa ọhụrụ, kamakwa ọ nwere ike melite ike njikọ mbụ na ike njikọ mmiri na-egbochi mmiri n'etiti ngwa agha na osisi polystyrene n'ihi anchoring pụrụ iche. teknụzụ. . Otú ọ dị, ọ nweghị ike imeziwanye mmetụta mgbochi nke ngwa agha na arụmọrụ njikọ na osisi polystyrene. Iji meziwanye ihe ndị a, ekwesịrị iji ntụ ntụ latex na-emegharị emegharị.
Wang Peiming sitere na Mahadum Tongji nyochara akụkọ mmepe nke ngwa agha azụmaahịa wee rụtụ aka na cellulose ether na latex ntụ ntụ nwere mmetụta na-adịghị emetụta na ngosipụta arụmọrụ dị ka njide mmiri, ike mgbanwe na mkpakọ, na modulus na-agbanwe nke ngwa agha ntụ ntụ akọrọ.
Zhang Lin na ndị ọzọ nke Shantou Special Economic Mpaghara Longhu Technology Co., Ltd. kwubiri na, na bonding ngwa agha nke gbasaa polystyrene osisi mkpa plasta mpụga mgbidi mpụga thermal mkpuchi usoro (ie Eqos usoro), ọ na-atụ aro na kacha ego. nke roba ntụ ntụ be 2.5% bụ oke; obere viscosity, cellulose ether gbanwetụrụ nke ukwuu na-enye aka dị ukwuu n'ịkwalite ike njikọ ike inyeaka nke ngwa agha siri ike.
Zhao Liqun nke Shanghai Institute of Building Research (Group) Co., Ltd. rụtụrụ aka n'isiokwu ahụ na cellulose ether nwere ike ime ka njigide mmiri nke ngwa agha dịkwuo mma, ma na-ebelata oke njupụta na ike mkpakọ nke ngwa agha, ma mee ka ọnọdụ ahụ dịkwuo ogologo. oge nke ngwa agha. N'okpuru otu usoro onunu ogwu, cellulose ether nke nwere nnukwu viscosity bara uru maka mmelite nke njigide mmiri nke ngwa agha, mana ike mkpakọ na-ebelata nke ukwuu na nhazi oge dị ogologo. ntụ ntụ na cellulose ether na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpochapụ nsị rọba nke ngwa ngwa site na ịkwalite njide mmiri nke ngwa agha.
Mahadum Fuzhou Huang Lipin et al mụrụ doping nke hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether na ethylene. Ngwongwo anụ ahụ na akụkụ nke akụkụ nke akụkụ nke igwe ciment gbanwetụrụ nke vinyl acetate copolymer latex ntụ ntụ. Achọpụtara na cellulose ether nwere ezigbo njide mmiri, nkwụsị mmiri na-eguzogide mmiri na mmetụta dị ịrịba ama nke ikuku, ebe ihe na-ebelata mmiri nke latex ntụ ntụ na imeziwanye ihe eji arụ ọrụ nke ngwa agha bụ nke a ma ama. Mmetụta mgbanwe; na enwere usoro onunu ogwu kwesịrị ekwesị n'etiti polymers.
Site na usoro nnwale, Chen Qian na ndị ọzọ sitere na Hubei Baoye Construction Industrialization Co., Ltd gosipụtara na ịgbatị oge na-akpali akpali na ịbawanye ọsọ na-akpali akpali nwere ike inye egwuregwu zuru oke maka ọrụ cellulose ether na ngwa agha agwakọta dị njikere, meziwanye arụ ọrụ nke ngwa agha, ma melite oge mkpali. Ọsọ dị mkpụmkpụ ma ọ bụ dị oke nwayọ ga-eme ka ngwa agha sie ike ịrụ; ịhọrọ ezigbo cellulose ether nwekwara ike imeziwanye ọrụ nke ngwa agha agwakọta dị njikere.
Li Sihan si Shenyang Jianzhu University na ndị ọzọ chọpụtara na ịnweta admixtures nwere ike ibelata akọrọ shrinkage deformation nke ngwa agha ma melite ya n'ibu Njirimara; oke nke wayo na ájá nwere mmetụta na n'ibu Njirimara na shrinkage ọnụego nke ngwa agha; polymer ntụ ntụ redispersible nwere ike melite ngwa agha. Mgbochi mgbawa, melite adhesion, ike mgbanwe, nchikota, mmetụta na-eguzogide na iyi ihe mgbochi, melite njide mmiri na ịrụ ọrụ; cellulose ether nwere mmetụta nke ikuku, nke nwere ike ime ka njigide mmiri nke ngwa agha dịkwuo mma; eriri osisi nwere ike imezi ngwa agha Mee ka ọ dị mfe iji, ịrụ ọrụ na ịrụ ọrụ mgbochi, ma mee ka ihe owuwu dị ngwa ngwa. Site n'ịgbakwụnye admixtures dị iche iche maka mgbanwe, na site n'ụzọ ezi uche dị na ya, ngwa agha na-eguzogide mgbawa maka mgbidi mgbidi dịpụrụ adịpụ na arụmọrụ dị mma nwere ike ịkwadebe.
Yang Lei nke Mahadum Henan nke teknụzụ jikọtara HEMC n'ime ngwa agha ahụ wee chọpụta na ọ nwere ọrụ abụọ nke njide mmiri na ịgbatị, nke na-egbochi kọmpụta nke ikuku na-agbanye ngwa ngwa na-amịkọrọ mmiri na ngwa ngwa plasta, ma hụ na ciment dị na ya. ngwa ngwa na-ejupụta hydrated, na-eme ka ngwa agha ahụ Nchikota na ihe aerated bụ denser na ike nkekọ dị elu; ọ nwere ike ibelata delamination nke plasta ngwa agha maka ihe aerated. Mgbe etinyere HEMC na ngwa agha ahụ, ike ngbanwe nke ngwa agha ahụ belatara ntakịrị, ebe ike mkpakọ na-ebelata nke ukwuu, na ntụgharị mpịakọta ọnụ na-egosi ọganihu elu, na-egosi na mgbakwunye na HEMC nwere ike imeziwanye ike nke ngwa agha ahụ.
Li Yanling na ndị ọzọ si Henan University of Technology chọpụtara na n'ibu Njirimara nke bonded ngwa agha na-mma ma e jiri ya tụnyere nkịtị ngwa agha, karịsịa njikọ ike nke ngwa agha, mgbe a gbakwụnye ogige admixture (ọdịnaya nke cellulose ether bụ 0,15%). Ọ dị okpukpu 2.33 karịa ngwa agha nkịtị.
Ma Baoguo sitere na Mahadum Teknụzụ Wuhan na ndị ọzọ mụrụ nsonaazụ nke usoro ọgwụgwọ dị iche iche nke styrene-acrylic emulsion, polymer powder dispersible, na hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether na oriri mmiri, ike njikọ na ike nke ngwa ngwa plasta dị nro. , chọpụtara na mgbe ọdịnaya nke styrene-acrylic emulsion bụ 4% ruo 6%, ike njikọ nke ngwa agha ruru uru kacha mma, na mkpakọ-mpịakọta ọnụ bụ nke kacha nta; ọdịnaya nke cellulose ether mụbara O. Na 4%, ike nkekọ nke ngwa agha ruru saturation, na mkpakọ-mpịakọta ruru bụ nke kasị nta; mgbe ọdịnaya nke ntụ ntụ roba bụ 3%, ike njikọ nke ngwa agha bụ ihe kacha mma, na nchịkọta mkpakọ na-ebelata na mgbakwunye nke ntụ ntụ roba. omume.
Li Qiao na ndị ọzọ nke Shantou Special Economic Zone Longhu Technology Co., Ltd. kwuru na isiokwu na ọrụ nke cellulose ether na ciment ngwa agha bụ mmiri njide, ndim, ikuku entrainment, retardation na mma nke tensile bond ike, wdg Ndị a. Ọrụ kwekọrọ na Mgbe ị na-enyocha ma na-ahọpụta MC, ndị na-egosi MC dị mkpa ka a tụlee gụnyere viscosity, ogo nke nnọchi etherification, ogo mgbanwe, nkwụsi ike ngwaahịa, ọdịnaya ihe dị irè, nha nha na akụkụ ndị ọzọ. Mgbe ị na-ahọrọ MC na ngwaahịa ngwa agha dị iche iche, a ga-etinyerịrị ihe achọrọ maka MC n'onwe ya dabere na iwu na ojiji nke ngwaahịa ngwa agha akọwapụtara, a ga-ahọrọ ụdị MC kwesịrị ekwesị yana ngwakọta na ihe ndị bụ isi nke MC.
Qiu Yongxia nke Beijing Wanbo Huijia Science and Trade Co., Ltd. chọpụtara na site na mmụba nke viscosity nke cellulose ether, ọnụ ọgụgụ njide mmiri nke ngwa agha mụbara; nke kacha mma nke cellulose ether, ka mma na-ejigide mmiri; Nke dị elu nke ọnụ ọgụgụ njide mmiri nke cellulose ether; njide mmiri nke cellulose ether na-ebelata na mmụba nke ngwa ngwa okpomọkụ.
Zhang Bin nke Mahadum Tongji na ndị ọzọ kwuru na akụkọ ahụ na njirimara ọrụ nke ngwa agha gbanwetụrụ nwere njikọ chiri anya na mmepe viscosity nke cellulose ethers, ọ bụghị na ethers cellulose nwere nnukwu viscosity dị elu nwere mmetụta doro anya na njirimara ọrụ, n'ihi na ha bụ na-emetụta urughuru size. , ọnụego mgbasa na ihe ndị ọzọ.
Zhou Xiao na ndị ọzọ sitere na Institute of Cultural Relics Protection Science and Technology, China Cultural Heritage Research Institute mụrụ onyinye nke ihe mgbakwunye abụọ, polymer rubber powder na cellulose ether, na ike nkekọ na NHL (hydraulic lime) ngwa agha usoro, wee chọpụta na. ndị dị mfe N'ihi oke shrinkage nke hydraulic lime, ọ nweghị ike ịmepụta ike nkwụsị zuru oke na ihe ngosi nkume. Ọnụ ego kwesịrị ekwesị nke polymer rubber powder na cellulose ether nwere ike imeziwanye ike njikọ nke NHL ngwa agha ma mezuo ihe ndị a chọrọ maka ihe nkwado omenala na ihe nchebe; iji gbochie Ọ nwere mmetụta na mmiri na-agbapụta mmiri na iku ume nke NHL ngwa agha n'onwe ya na ndakọrịta na ihe ndị omenala masonry. N'otu oge ahụ, na-atụle arụmọrụ mbụ nke njikọta nke NHL ngwa agha, ezigbo mgbakwunye ego nke polymer rubber powder dị n'okpuru 0.5% ruo 1%, na mgbakwunye nke cellulose ether A na-achịkwa ego ahụ na ihe dịka 0.2%.
Duan Pengxuan na ndị ọzọ si Beijing Institute of Building Materials Science mere abụọ onwe mere rheological testers na ndabere nke guzosie ike rheological nlereanya nke ọhụrụ ngwa agha, na mụụrụ rheological analysis nke nkịtị masonry ngwa agha, plasta ngwa agha na plasta gypsum ngwaahịa. A tụrụ denaturation ahụ, wee chọpụta na ether hydroxyethyl cellulose ether na hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether nwere mma mbido viscosity uru na viscosity mbelata arụmọrụ na oge na mmụba ọsọ, nke nwere ike ime ka ihe nkedo maka ụdị njikọ dị mma, thixotropy na nkwụsị nkwụsị.
Li Yanling nke Mahadum Teknụzụ Henan na ndị ọzọ chọpụtara na mgbakwunye nke cellulose ether na ngwa agha ahụ nwere ike imeziwanye ọrụ njide mmiri nke ngwa agha ahụ, si otú a na-ahụ na ọganihu nke ciment hydration. Ọ bụ ezie na mgbakwunye nke cellulose ether na-ebelata ike mgbanwe na ike mkpakọ nke ngwa agha ahụ, ọ ka na-eme ka ihe mgbagwoju anya-mmetụta na njikọ ike nke ngwa agha ahụ ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ.
1.4Nnyocha na ngwa nke admixtures na ngwa agha n'ụlọ na ná mba ọzọ
N'ebe a na-ewu ihe owuwu nke oge a, mmepụta na oriri nke simenti na ngwa agha dị ukwuu, na ọchịchọ maka ciment na-arịwanye elu. Mmepụta ciment bụ nnukwu ike oriri na ụlọ ọrụ mmetọ dị elu. Ịchekwa simenti dị oke mkpa iji chịkwaa ọnụ ahịa na ichekwa gburugburu ebe obibi. Dị ka a ele mmadụ anya n'ihu dochie ciment, ịnweta admixture nwere ike ọ bụghị nanị na-ebuli arụmọrụ nke ngwa agha na ihe, ma na-azọpụta a otutu ciment n'okpuru ọnọdụ nke ezi uche itinye n'ọrụ.
N'ime ụlọ ọrụ ihe owuwu ụlọ, ntinye nke admixtures dị nnọọ ukwuu. Ọtụtụ ụdị ciment nwere ọtụtụ ihe mgbakwunye ma ọ bụ karịa. N'ime ha, a na-agbakwunye ciment Portland nkịtị nke a na-ejikarị 5% na mmepụta. ~ 20% admixture. Na usoro mmepụta nke ngwa agha dị iche iche na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ntinye nke admixtures dị ọtụtụ.
N'ihi na ngwa nke admixtures na ngwa agha, ogologo oge na nnukwu nnyocha e mere n'ụlọ na ná mba ọzọ.
1.4.1Mkpebi dị mkpirikpi nke nchọpụta mba ọzọ banyere admixture etinyere na ngwa agha
P. Mahadum California. JM Momeiro Joe IJ K. Wang et al. chọpụtara na n'ime usoro hydration nke ihe gelling, gel adịghị aza nha nha nha, na ntinye nke ịnweta nwere ike ịgbanwe ihe mejupụtara gel hydrated, wee chọpụta na ọzịza nke gel na-ejikọta ya na divalent cations na gel. . Ọnụọgụ nke mbipụta gosipụtara nnukwu mmekọrịta adịghị mma.
Kevin J. nke United States. Folliard na Makoto Ohta et al. kwuru na mgbakwunye na silica fume na osikapa husk ash na ngwa agha nwere ike budata mma mkpakọ ike, mgbe mgbakwunye na nke iji uyi ebelata ike, karịsịa na mmalite ogbo.
Philippe Lawrence na Martin Cyr nke France chọpụtara na ọtụtụ ihe mgbakwunye ịnweta nwere ike imeziwanye ike ngwa agha n'okpuru usoro ọgwụgwọ kwesịrị ekwesị. Ọdịiche dị n'etiti ihe mgbakwunye ịnweta dị iche iche abụghị ihe doro anya na mmalite nke hydration. N'oge ikpeazụ nke hydration, mmụba ike agbakwunyere na-emetụta ọrụ nke ntinye nke ịnweta, na mmụba ike nke inert admixture kpatara enweghị ike iwere ya dị ka njuputa. mmetụta, ma ekwesịrị ịsị na mmetụta anụ ahụ nke multiphase nucleation.
Bulgaria ValIly0 Stoitchkov Stl Petar Abadjiev na ndị ọzọ chọpụtara na isi mmiri silica fume na ala-calcium ofufe uyi site anụ ahụ na n'ibu Njirimara nke ciment ngwa agha na ihe weere na-arụsi ọrụ ike pozzolanic admixtures, nke nwere ike melite ike ciment nkume. Uzuzu silica nwere mmetụta dị ịrịba ama na mmalite hydration nke ihe ciment, ebe akụkụ ash ash na-enwe mmetụta dị mkpa na hydration na-esote.
1.4.2Mkpebi dị mkpirikpi nke nyocha ụlọ na ntinye nke admixtures na ngwa agha
Site na nyocha nnwale, Zhong Shiyun na Xiang Keqin nke Mahadum Tongji chọpụtara na ngwa agha a na-agbanwe agbanwe nke ụfọdụ mma nke uyi ofufe na emulsion polyacrylate (PAE), mgbe edoziri oke poly-binder na 0.08, oke mpịachi nke mkpakọ. ngwa agha na-abawanye na mma na ọdịnaya nke ntụ ijiji na-ebelata na mmụba nke ntụ ijiji. A na-atụ aro na mgbakwunye nke ntụ ijiji nwere ike dozie nsogbu nke ọnụ ahịa dị elu nke na-eme ka mgbanwe nke ngwa agha dịkwuo elu site n'ịbawanye ọdịnaya nke polymer.
Wang Yinong nke Wuhan Iron na Steel Civil Construction Company amụwo ngwa ngwa na-arụ ọrụ dị elu, nke nwere ike melite arụmọrụ ngwa agha nke ọma, belata ogo nke delamination, ma melite ikike njikọ. Ọ dabara maka masonry na plasta nke aerated blocks. .
Chen Miaomiao na ndị ọzọ si Nanjing University of Technology mụrụ mmetụta nke abụọ Ịgwakọta ada uyi na ịnweta ntụ ntụ na akọrọ ngwa agha na-arụ ọrụ arụmọrụ na n'ibu Njirimara nke ngwa agha, na chọpụtara na mgbakwunye na nke abụọ admixtures bụghị nanị mma na-arụ ọrụ arụmọrụ na n'ibu Njirimara. nke ngwakọta. Ngwongwo anụ ahụ na arụ ọrụ nwekwara ike belata ọnụ ahịa nke ọma. Usoro kachasị mma nke a na-atụ aro bụ iji dochie 20% nke uyi ofufe na ịnweta ntụ ntụ n'otu n'otu, nha nke ngwa agha na ájá bụ 1: 3, na oke mmiri na ihe onwunwe bụ 0.16.
Zhuang Zihao nke Mahadum Teknụzụ nke South China doziri oke mmiri na-ekekọta mmiri, gbanwetụrụ bentonite, cellulose ether na ntụ ntụ rọba, wee mụọ njirimara nke ike ngwa agha, njigide mmiri na nkụchi nke ihe mgbakwunye ịnweta atọ, wee chọpụta na ọdịnaya admixture ruru. Na 50%, porosity na-abawanye nke ukwuu na ike na-ebelata, na akụkụ kachasị mma nke ihe mgbakwunye ịnweta atọ bụ 8% ntụ ntụ limestone, 30% slag, na 4% uyi ofufe, nke nwere ike nweta njigide mmiri. ọnụego, uru kacha mma nke ike.
Li Ying si Qinghai University duziri usoro nke ngwa agha ngwakọta na ịnweta admixtures, na kwubiri na nyochaa na ịnweta admixtures nwere ike ebuli nke abụọ urughuru gradation nke powders, na micro-ejuputa mmetụta na nke abụọ hydration nke admixtures nwere ike ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, compactness nke ngwa agha na-abawanye, si otú ahụ na-amụba ike ya.
Zhao Yujing nke Shanghai Baosteel New Building Materials Co., Ltd ji tiori nke mgbaji ike na mgbaji ike na-amụ mmetụta nke ịnweta admixtures na brittleness nke ihe. The ule na-egosi na ịnweta admixture nwere ike ubé melite mgbaji siri ike na mgbaji ike nke ngwa agha; n'ihe banyere otu ụdị admixture, ngbanwe nke 40% nke ihe mgbakwunye ịnweta bụ ihe kasị baa uru maka mgbawa siri ike na ike mgbaji.
Xu Guangsheng nke Mahadum Henan mere ka ọ pụta ìhè na mgbe akụkụ dị elu nke ntụ ntụ ịnweta bụ ihe na-erughị E350m2 / l [g, ọrụ ahụ dị ala, ike 3d bụ nanị banyere 30%, na 28d ike na-amalite na 0 ~ 90% ; ebe na 400m2 egusi g, ike 3d Ọ nwere ike ịdị nso na 50%, na ike 28d dị n'elu 95%. Site n'echiche nke isi ụkpụrụ nke rheology, dị ka nnwale analysis nke ngwa agha fluidity na eruba ọsọ, ọtụtụ nkwubi okwu na-adọta: ofufe uyi ọdịnaya n'okpuru 20% nwere ike n'ụzọ dị irè melite ngwa agha fluidity na eruba ọsọ, na ịnweta ntụ ntụ na Mgbe usoro onunu ogwu dị n'okpuru. 25%, mmiri mmiri nke ngwa agha nwere ike ịbawanye ma ọ na-ebelata ọnụego.
Prọfesọ Wang Dongmin nke Mahadum Ngwuputa na Nkà na ụzụ China na Prọfesọ Feng Lufeng nke Mahadum Shandong Jianzhu mere ka ọ pụta ìhè n'isiokwu ahụ na ihe bụ ihe dị n'usoro atọ site n'echiche nke ihe ndị mejupụtara, ya bụ ciment paste, aggregate, ciment paste na aggregate. Mpaghara mgbanwe interface ITZ ( Mpaghara Transition Mpaghara) na nkwụsị. ITZ bụ mpaghara mmiri bara ụba, mpaghara mmiri-ciment nke mpaghara dị oke oke, porosity mgbe hydration dị ukwuu, ọ ga-eme ka mmụba nke calcium hydroxide. Mpaghara a yikarịrị ka ọ ga-ebute mgbawa mbụ, ọ nwekwara ike ịkpata nchekasị. Ntinye uche na-ekpebi oke ike. Ọmụmụ ihe nyocha na-egosi na mgbakwunye nke admixtures nwere ike imeziwanye mmiri endocrine nke ọma na mpaghara mgbanwe interface, belata oke nke mpaghara ntụgharị ihu, ma melite ike.
Zhang Jianxin nke Mahadum Chongqing na ndị ọzọ chọpụtara na site na mgbanwe zuru oke nke methyl cellulose ether, polypropylene fiber, redispersible polymer powder, and admixtures, a pụrụ ịkwadebe ngwa agha plasta akọrọ-agwakọta nke nwere ezigbo arụmọrụ. Ngwa ngwa plasta na-eguzogide mgbawa agwakọtara agwakọta nwere ezigbo ọrụ, ike njikọ dị elu yana ezigbo nguzogide mgbape. Ogo nke ịgbà na mgbawa bụ nsogbu nkịtị.
Ren Chuanyao nke Mahadum Zhejiang na ndị ọzọ mụrụ mmetụta nke hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether na Njirimara nke ngwa agha ijiji, wee nyochaa mmekọrịta dị n'etiti njupụta mmiri na ike mkpakọ. Achọpụtara na ịgbakwụnye hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether n'ime ngwa agha ijiji nwere ike imeziwanye ọrụ njide mmiri nke ngwa agha, gbatịa oge njikọta nke ngwa agha, ma belata njupụta mmiri na ike mkpakọ nke ngwa agha. Enwere ezigbo njikọ n'etiti njupụta mmiri na ike mkpakọ 28d. N'okpuru ọnọdụ nke njupụta mmiri ama ama, enwere ike gbakọọ ike mkpakọ 28d site na iji usoro dabara adaba.
Prọfesọ Pang Lufeng na Chang Qingshan nke Shandong Jianzhu University ji edo imewe usoro na-amụ mmetụta nke atọ admixtures nke iji uyi, ịnweta ntụ ntụ na silica fume na ike nke ihe, na-etinye n'ihu a amụma usoro na ụfọdụ bara uru uru site regression. nyocha. , na akwadoro ike ya.
1.5Ebumnuche na mkpa ọmụmụ a
Dị ka ihe dị mkpa na-ejigide mmiri mmiri, a na-eji cellulose ether eme ihe na nhazi nri, ngwa ngwa na mmepụta ihe na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ. Dị ka ihe dị mkpa admixture dị iche iche ngwa agha, a dịgasị iche iche nke cellulose ethers nwere ike budata ibelata ọbara ọgbụgba nke elu fluidity ngwa agha, welie thixotropy na-ewu ire ụtọ nke ngwa agha, na melite mmiri njigide ọrụ na njikọ ike nke ngwa agha.
Ngwa nke ntinye nke ịnweta ịnweta na-arịwanye elu nke ukwuu, nke ọ bụghị nanị na-edozi nsogbu nke nhazi ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke mmepụta ihe mmepụta ihe, na-azọpụta ala ma na-echebe gburugburu ebe obibi, ma ọ pụkwara ime ka ihe mkpofu ghọọ akụ ma mepụta uru.
Enweela ọtụtụ ọmụmụ banyere akụkụ nke ngwa agha abụọ ahụ n'ụlọ na ná mba ọzọ, ma ọ dịghị ọtụtụ nchọpụta nnwale na-ejikọta abụọ ahụ ọnụ. Ebumnuche nke akwụkwọ a bụ ịgwakọta ọtụtụ cellulose ethers na ịnweta admixtures n'ime ciment mado n'otu oge ahụ , akwa fluidity ngwa agha na plastic ngwa agha (na-ewere bonding ngwa agha dị ka ihe atụ), site na nyocha ule nke fluidity na dị iche iche n'ibu Njirimara. A na-achịkọta iwu mmetụta nke ụdị ngwa agha abụọ ahụ mgbe a na-ejikọta ihe ndị ahụ, nke ga-emetụta ether cellulose n'ọdịnihu. Na n'ihu ngwa nke ịnweta admixtures na-enye ụfọdụ ntụaka.
Tụkwasị na nke a, akwụkwọ a na-atụ aro usoro maka ịkọ ike nke ngwa agha na ihe ndị dabeere na FERET ike tiori na ọrụ ọnụọgụ nke ịnweta admixtures, nke nwere ike inye ụfọdụ ihe nduzi maka nhazi nhazi nhazi na ike amụma nke ngwa agha na ihe.
1.6Isi ihe nyocha nke akwụkwọ a
Isi ihe nyocha nke akwụkwọ a gụnyere:
1. Site n'ịgbakọta ọtụtụ cellulose ethers na ihe ndị dị iche iche ịnweta ịnweta, a na-eme nyocha banyere mmiri mmiri nke slurry dị ọcha na mmiri mmiri dị elu, na-achịkọta iwu mmetụta na ihe kpatara ya.
2. Site n'ịgbakwunye cellulose ethers na dị iche iche ịnweta admixtures na elu fluidity ngwa agha na bonding ngwa agha, inyocha ha mmetụta na compressive ike, flexural ike, mkpakọ-mpịakọta ruru na bonding ngwa agha nke elu fluidity ngwa agha na plastic ngwa agha Iwu nke mmetụta na tensile bond. ike.
3. Ejikọtara ya na tiori ike FERET na ọnụọgụ ọrụ nke ihe mgbakwunye ịnweta, a na-atụpụta usoro amụma ike maka ngwa ngwa na kọnkịta cementitious multi-component.
Isi nke 2 Nyocha nke akụrụngwa na akụrụngwa ha maka nnwale
2.1 Ihe nyocha
2.1.1 Simenti (C)
Nnwale ahụ jiri akara "Shanshui Dongyue" PO. 42.5 ciment.
2.1.2 Mineral ntụ ntụ (KF)
ahọpụtara ọkwa $95 granulated gbawara ọkụ slag ntụ ntụ sitere na Shandong Jinan Luxin New Building Materials Co., Ltd.
2.1.3 Fly Ash (FA)
A na-ahọrọ ọkwa II ijiji uyi nke Jinan Huangtai Power Plant mepụtara, ịdị mma (nke fọdụrụ nke oghere oghere square 459m) bụ 13%, na oke agụụ mmiri bụ 96%.
2.1.4 Silica fume (sF)
Silica fume na-anabata uzuzu silica nke Shanghai Aika Silica Fume Material Co., Ltd., njupụta ya bụ 2.59 / cm3; The kpọmkwem elu ebe bụ 17500m2 / kg, na nkezi urughuru size bụ O. 1～0.39m, 28d ọrụ index bụ 108%, mmiri ina ruru bụ 120%.
2.1.5 ntụ ntụ latex na-agbanwe agbanwe (JF)
The roba ntụ ntụ na-anabata Max redispersible latex ntụ ntụ 6070N (ụdị njikọ) si Gomez Chemical China Co., Ltd.
2.1.6 Cellulose ether (CE)
CMC nakweere ọkwa mkpuchi CMC sitere na Zibo Zou Yongning Chemical Co., Ltd., na HPMC na-anabata ụdị abụọ nke hydroxypropyl methylcellulose sitere na Gomez Chemical China Co., Ltd.
2.1.7 Mgbakwụnye ndị ọzọ
Nnukwu calcium carbonate, eriri osisi, ihe na-egbochi mmiri, calcium formate, wdg.
2.1.8 quartz ájá
Aja quartz nke igwe mere na-anabata ụdị ịdị mma anọ: 10-20 ntupu, 20-40 H, 40.70 ntupu na 70.140 H, njupụta bụ 2650 kg / rn3, na tojupụtara combustion bụ 1620 kg / m3.
2.1.9 Polycarboxylate superplasticizer ntụ ntụ (PC)
The polycarboxylate ntụ ntụ nke Suzhou Xingbang Chemical Building Materials Co., Ltd.) bụ 1J1030, na mmiri mbelata ọnụego bụ 30%.
2.1.10 aja (S)
A na-eji obere aja nke Dawen River na Tai'an eme ihe.
2.1.11 Nnukwu mkpokọta (G)
Jiri Jinan Ganggou mepụta nkume 5" ~ 25 etipịara.
2.2 Usoro ule
2.2.1 Usoro nnwale maka slurry fluidity
Ngwa ule: NJ. 160 ụdị ciment slurry mixer, nke Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd mepụtara.
A na-agbakọ usoro ule na nsonaazụ ya dabere na usoro nnwale maka mmiri mmiri nke tapawa ciment na mgbakwunye A nke "Nkọwa nka nka GB 50119.2003 maka ngwa nke ihe mgbakwunye ihe" ma ọ bụ ((GB/T8077--2000 Test Method for Homogeneousness of Concrete Admixtures) ).
2.2.2 Usoro nnwale maka mmiri mmiri nke ngwa agha mmiri dị elu
Ngwa ule: JJ. Ụdị igwekota igwe simenti 5, nke Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd mepụtara;
TYE-2000B igwe na-enyocha ngwa agha mkpakọ, nke Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd mepụtara;
TYE-300B igwe na-ehulata ngwa agha, nke Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd mepụtara.
Usoro nchọpụta nke Mortar fluidity dabeere na "JC. T 986-2005 Cement based grouting material" na "GB 50119-2003 Nka na ụzụ nkọwa maka ngwa nke Concrete Admixtures" Ihe mgbakwunye A, nha nke cone nwụrụ eji, ịdị elu bụ 60mm , dayameta dị n'ime nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị elu bụ 70mm, n'ime ime nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị n'ime ala bụ 100mm, na dayameta mpụta nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị ala bụ 120mm, na mkpokọta akọrọ nke ngwa agha ekwesịghị ịbụ ihe na-erughị 2000g oge ọ bụla.
Nsonaazụ ule nke mmiri mmiri abụọ ahụ kwesịrị iburu nkezi uru nke ụzọ kwụ ọtọ abụọ dị ka nsonaazụ ikpeazụ.
2.2.3 Usoro nnwale maka ike njigide tensile nke ngwa agha jikọtara
Akụrụngwa nnwale: WDL. Ụdị 5 electronic eluigwe na ala ule igwe, mepụtara Tianjin Gangyuan Instrument Factory.
A ga-emejuputa atumatu ule maka ike njigide tensile site na ngalaba 10 nke (JGJ/T70.2009 Standard for Test Test for Basic Properties of Building Mortars.
Isi nke 3. Mmetụta nke cellulose ether na mado dị ọcha na ngwa agha nke ọnụọgụ abụọ cementitious ihe dị iche iche ịnweta admixtures.
Mmetụta Liquidity
Isiakwụkwọ a na-enyocha ọtụtụ cellulose ethers na ngwakọta mineral site n'ịnwale ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke multi-larịị dị ọcha simenti dabeere slurries na ngwa agha na ọnụọgụ abụọ cementitious usoro slurries na ngwa agha dị iche iche ịnweta admixtures na ha fluidity na ọnwụ na oge. Iwu mmetụta nke compound ojiji nke ihe na fluidity nke dị ọcha slurry na ngwa agha, na mmetụta nke dị iche iche ihe na-achịkọta na nyochaa.
3.1 Ndepụta nke protocol nnwale
N'ihi mmetụta nke cellulose ether na arụ ọrụ nke sistemu ciment dị ọcha na sistemụ ciment dị iche iche, anyị na-amụkarị n'ụdị abụọ:
1. puree. Ọ nwere uru nke nsinammuo, ọrụ dị mfe na nke ziri ezi dị elu, ọ dịkwa mma maka nchọpụta mgbanwe nke admixtures dị ka cellulose ether na ihe gelling, na ọdịiche pụtara ìhè.
2. Igwe mmiri mmiri dị elu. Inweta ọnọdụ dị elu na-asọ asọ bụkwa maka ịdị mma nke nha na nleba anya. N'ebe a, a na-achịkwa ngbanwe nke ọnọdụ ntụgharị ntụaka site na superplasticizers na-arụ ọrụ dị elu. Iji belata njehie ule, anyị na-eji polycarboxylate onye na-ebelata mmiri nke nwere nnukwu mgbanwe na ciment, nke na-enwe mmetụta na okpomọkụ, na okpomọkụ nke ule kwesịrị ịchịkwa ya nke ọma.
3.2 Mmetụta mmetụta nke cellulose ether na fluidity nke dị ọcha ciment mado
3.2.1 Atụmatụ ule maka mmetụta nke cellulose ether na fluidity nke dị ọcha ciment mado
N'ịchọ mmetụta nke cellulose ether na mmiri mmiri nke slurry dị ọcha, a na-ebu ụzọ jiri ciment slurry dị ọcha nke otu akụkụ cementitious usoro ihe eji eme ihe iji hụ mmetụta ahụ. Ndekọ ntụaka bụ isi ebe a na-anakwere nchọpụta ihe omimi kachasị.
A na-atụle ihe ndị a ka ọ na-emetụta ngagharị:
1. Ụdị cellulose ethers
2. Cellulose ether ọdịnaya
3. Slurry oge ezumike
N'ebe a, anyị doziri ọdịnaya PC nke ntụ ntụ na 0.2%. A na-eji otu atọ na otu anọ nke ule maka ụdị cellulose ethers atọ (carboxymethylcellulose sodium CMC, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC). Maka sodium carboxymethyl cellulose CMC, usoro onunu ogwu nke 0%, O. 10%, O. 2%, ya bụ Og, 0.39, 0.69 (ọnụọgụ ciment na ule ọ bụla bụ 3009). , maka hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether, usoro onunu ogwu bụ 0%, O. 05%, O. 10%, O. 15%, ya bụ 09, 0.159, 0.39, 0.459.
3.2.2 Nsonaazụ ule na nyocha nke mmetụta nke cellulose ether na mmiri nke cement ciment dị ọcha.
(1) Nsonaazụ nyocha nke mmiri mmiri nke cement ciment dị ọcha gwakọtara na CMC
Nyocha nke nsonaazụ ule:
1. Ngosipụta ngagharị:
N'ịtụle ndị otu atọ ahụ na otu oge guzoro, n'ihe gbasara mmiri mmiri mbụ, na mgbakwunye nke CMC, mmiri mmiri mbụ na-ebelata ntakịrị; mmiri mmiri nke ọkara awa belatara nke ukwuu site na usoro onunu ogwu, tumadi n'ihi mmiri mmiri nke ọkara awa nke otu oghere. Ọ bụ 20mm buru ibu karịa nke mbụ (nke a nwere ike ime site na nkwụsịtụ nke ntụ ntụ PC): -IJ, mmiri mmiri na-ebelata ntakịrị na 0.1% onunu ogwu, ma na-abawanye ọzọ na 0.2% onunu ogwu.
N'ịtụle otu atọ ahụ na otu usoro onunu ogwu, mmiri mmiri nke otu oghere bụ nke kachasị n'ime ọkara otu awa, ma belata n'ime otu awa (nke a nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi na mgbe otu awa gasịrị, akụkụ ciment pụtara ọzọ hydration na adhesion). N'etiti urughuru ihe owuwu e na mbụ, na slurry pụtara ọzọ condensation; mmiri mmiri nke C1 na C2 dị iche iche na-ebelata ntakịrị n'ime ọkara elekere, na-egosi na ntinye mmiri nke CMC nwere mmetụta ụfọdụ na steeti ahụ; mgbe na ọdịnaya nke C2, enwere mmụba dị ukwuu n'ime otu awa, na-egosi na ọdịnaya nke mmetụta nke retardation mmetụta nke CMC na-achịkwa.
2. Ntụle nkọwa nke ihe atụ:
Enwere ike ịhụ na mmụba nke ọdịnaya nke CMC, ihe omume nke ịchacha na-amalite ịpụta, na-egosi na CMC nwere mmetụta ụfọdụ n'ịbawanye viscosity nke cement ciment, na mmetụta nke ikuku nke CMC na-eme ka ọgbọ. ikuku egosipụta.
(2) Nsonaazụ nnwale nke mmiri simenti dị ọcha agwakọta ya na HPMC (viscosity 100,000)
Nyocha nke nsonaazụ ule:
1. Ngosipụta ngagharị:
Site na eserese ahịrị nke mmetụta nke oge guzoro na fluidity, enwere ike ịhụ na mmiri dị n'ime ọkara elekere dị ntakịrị ma e jiri ya tụnyere nke mbụ na otu awa, yana mmụba nke ọdịnaya nke HPMC, ọnọdụ ahụ na-ebelata. N'ozuzu, ọnwụ nke fluidity adịghị nnukwu, na-egosi na HPMC nwere doro anya njigide mmiri na slurry, na nwere ụfọdụ retarding mmetụta.
Enwere ike ịhụ site na nleba anya na mmiri mmiri na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na ọdịnaya nke HPMC. N'ime nnwale nnwale, ka ọdịnaya nke HPMC na-abawanye, ka mmiri na-adị ntakịrị. Ọ na-esi ike iji mejupụta cone fluidity n'onwe ya n'okpuru otu mmiri ahụ. Enwere ike ịhụ na mgbe agbakwunyere HPMC, ụkọ mmiri na-egbu egbu nke oge na-adịghị adị maka slurry dị ọcha.
2. Ntụle nkọwa nke ihe atụ:
Otu oghere nwere ihe na-agba ọbara, enwere ike ịhụ ya site na mgbanwe dị nkọ nke mmiri mmiri na usoro onunu ogwu na HPMC nwere njigide mmiri siri ike na mmetụta dị arọ karịa CMC, ma na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'iwepụ ihe ngosi ọbara ọgbụgba. E kwesịghị ịghọta nnukwu ikuku ikuku dị ka mmetụta nke ikuku ikuku. N'ezie, mgbe viscosity na-abawanye, ikuku agwakọtara n'oge usoro mkpali enweghị ike ịkụnye n'ime obere ikuku ikuku n'ihi na slurry dị oke viscous.
(3) Nsonaazụ nnwale nke mmiri simenti dị ọcha agwakọta ya na HPMC (viscosity nke 150,000)
Nyocha nke nsonaazụ ule:
1. Ngosipụta ngagharị:
Site na eserese ahịrị nke mmetụta nke ọdịnaya nke HPMC (150,000) na mmiri mmiri, mmetụta nke mgbanwe nke ọdịnaya na mmiri mmiri na-apụta ìhè karịa nke 100,000 HPMC, na-egosi na mmụba nke viscosity nke HPMC ga-ebelata. na fluidity.
N'ihe banyere nleba anya, dị ka n'ozuzu mgbanwe nke mgbanwe nke fluidity na oge, ọkara-hour retarding mmetụta nke HPMC (150,000) doro anya, mgbe mmetụta nke -4, dị njọ karịa nke HPMC (100,000). .
2. Ntụle nkọwa nke ihe atụ:
Enwere ọbara ọgbụgba n'ime otu oghere. Ihe mere e ji kpụchaa efere ahụ bụ n'ihi na mmiri-ciment ruru nke slurry nke ala na-adị ntakịrị mgbe ọbara ọgbụgba gasịrị, na slurry dị oke ma sie ike ịchacha na efere iko. Mgbakwunye HPMC rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'iwepụ ihe na-agba ọbara. Site na mmụba nke ọdịnaya, obere obere obere egosipụta na mbụ wee pụta nnukwu egosipụta. Otu ihe kpatara ya bụ obere egosipụta. N'otu aka ahụ, a ghaghị ịghọta nnukwu afụ dị ka mmetụta nke ntinye ikuku. N'ezie, mgbe viscosity na-abawanye, ikuku agwakọtara n'oge usoro mkpali dị oke viscous na enweghị ike ịfefe site na slurry.
3.3 Mmetụta mmetụta nke cellulose ether na fluidity nke dị ọcha slurry nke multi-component ihe ciment.
Nkebi a na-enyochakarị mmetụta nke ngwakọta nke ọtụtụ admixtures na ethers cellulose atọ (carboxymethyl cellulose sodium CMC, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC) na fluidity nke pulp.
N'otu aka ahụ, a na-eji otu atọ na otu anọ nke ule maka ụdị cellulose ethers atọ (carboxymethylcellulose sodium CMC, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC). Maka sodium carboxymethyl cellulose CMC, usoro onunu ogwu nke 0%, 0.10%, na 0.2%, ya bụ 0g, 0.3g, na 0.6g (usoro ciment maka ule ọ bụla bụ 300g). Maka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether, usoro onunu ogwu bụ 0%, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, ya bụ 0g, 0.15g, 0.3g, 0.45g. A na-achịkwa ọdịnaya PC nke ntụ ntụ na 0.2%.
A na-edochi uzuzu uzuzu na slag na ịnweta admixture site na otu ego nke usoro ngwakọta nke ime, na ọkwa ngwakọta bụ 10%, 20% na 30%, ya bụ, ego ngbanwe bụ 30g, 60g na 90g. Otú ọ dị, n'ịtụle mmetụta nke ọrụ dị elu, shrinkage, na steeti, a na-achịkwa ọdịnaya silica fume na 3%, 6%, na 9%, ya bụ, 9g, 18g, na 27g.
3.3.1 Nnwale atụmatụ maka mmetụta nke cellulose ether na fluidity nke dị ọcha slurry nke ọnụọgụ abụọ cementious ihe.
(1) Nnwale atụmatụ maka mmiri mmiri nke ọnụọgụ abụọ cementitious ihe agwakọta na CMC na ihe dị iche iche ịnweta admixtures.
(2) Nnwale atụmatụ maka fluidity nke ọnụọgụ abụọ cementitious ihe gwakọtara na HPMC (viscosity 100,000) na dị iche iche ịnweta admixtures.
(3) Nnwale atụmatụ maka fluidity nke ọnụọgụ abụọ cementitious ihe gwakọtara na HPMC (viscosity nke 150,000) na dị iche iche ịnweta admixtures.
3.3.2 Nsonaazụ ule na nyocha nke mmetụta nke cellulose ether na mmiri nke ihe cementious ọtụtụ akụkụ.
(1) Nsonaazụ nnwale mmiri mbụ nke ọnụọgụ cementitious ọnụọgụ abụọ dị ọcha slurry agwakọta ya na CMC na ihe mgbakwunye ịnweta dị iche iche.
Enwere ike ịhụ site na nke a na mgbakwunye nke ntụ ijiji nwere ike ịbawanye mmiri mbụ nke slurry nke ọma, ọ na-agbasawanye na mmụba nke ọdịnaya uji. N'otu oge ahụ, mgbe ọdịnaya nke CMC na-abawanye, mmiri mmiri na-ebelata ntakịrị, na njedebe kachasị bụ 20mm.
Enwere ike ịhụ na mmiri mbụ nke slurry dị ọcha nwere ike ịbawanye na obere dose nke ịnweta ntụ ntụ, na mmelite nke mmiri adịghịzi egosi mgbe usoro onunu ogwu dị n'elu 20%. N'otu oge ahụ, ọnụọgụ CMC dị na O. Na 1%, mmiri mmiri dị elu.
Enwere ike ịhụ site na nke a na ọdịnaya nke silica fume n'ozuzu na-enwe mmetụta dị njọ na mmalite mmalite nke slurry. N'otu oge ahụ, CMC belatara ntakịrị mmiri mmiri.
Nnwale nyocha mmiri nke ọkara awa nke ihe cementitious ọnụọgụ abụọ dị ọcha agwakọta ya na CMC yana ihe mgbakwunye ịnweta dị iche iche.
Ọ nwere ike ịhụ na mmelite nke fluidity nke ada uyi maka ọkara otu awa bụ dịtụ irè na ala onunu ogwu, ma ọ pụkwara ịbụ n'ihi na ọ bụ nso eruba ịgba nke dị ọcha slurry. N'otu oge ahụ, CMC ka nwere obere mbelata nke mmiri.
Tụkwasị na nke a, atụnyere mmiri mmiri nke mbụ na ọkara awa, a pụrụ ịchọpụta na ọtụtụ uyi ofufe na-aba uru iji chịkwaa nkwụsị nke mmiri mmiri n'oge.
Enwere ike ịhụ site na nke a na ngụkọta nke ịnweta ntụ ntụ enweghị mmetụta doro anya na-adịghị mma na mmiri nke slurry dị ọcha maka ọkara otu awa, na mgbe niile adịghị ike. N'otu oge ahụ, mmetụta nke CMC ọdịnaya na fluidity na ọkara awa abụghị ihe doro anya, ma mmelite nke 20% ịnweta ntụ ntụ nnọchi otu doro anya.
Enwere ike ịhụ na mmetụta ọjọọ nke mmiri mmiri nke slurry dị ọcha na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke silica fume maka ọkara otu awa bụ ihe doro anya karịa nke mbụ, karịsịa mmetụta dị na nso nke 6% ruo 9% doro anya. N'otu oge ahụ, mbelata nke ọdịnaya CMC na mmiri mmiri dị ihe dị ka 30mm, nke dị ukwuu karịa mbelata ọdịnaya CMC na mbụ.
(2) Nsonaazụ nnwale izizi nke ọnụọgụ cementitious ihe dị ọcha slurry agwakọta ya na HPMC (viscosity 100,000) yana ihe mgbakwunye ịnweta dị iche iche.
Site na nke a, enwere ike ịhụ na mmetụta nke ntụ ntụ na mmiri mmiri na-apụta ìhè nke ọma, ma a na-ahụ ya n'ule na uyi ofufe enweghị mmetụta ọ bụla na-emewanyewanye nke ọma na ọbara ọgbụgba. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, mbelata mmetụta nke HPMC na mmiri mmiri doro anya (karịsịa na 0.1% ruo 0.15% nke oke onunu ogwu, mbelata kachasị elu nwere ike iru karịa 50mm).
Enwere ike ịhụ na ntụ ntụ ịnweta nwere mmetụta dị nta na mmiri mmiri, ọ dịghịkwa eme ka ọbara ọgbụgba dịkwuo mma. Na mgbakwunye, mbelata mmetụta nke HPMC na fluidity ruru 60mm na nso nke 0.1% ~ 0.15% nke oke onunu ogwu.
Site na nke a, a pụrụ ịhụ na mbelata nke mmiri mmiri nke silica fume na-apụta ìhè na nnukwu usoro onunu ogwu, na mgbakwunye, uzuzu silica nwere mmetụta nkwalite doro anya na ọbara ọgbụgba na ule. N'otu oge ahụ, HPMC nwere mmetụta doro anya na mbelata nke mmiri mmiri (karịsịa n'ụdị dị elu nke usoro onunu ogwu (0.1% ruo 0.15%). ọzọ The admixture na-eme dị ka ihe inyeaka obere ukpụhọde.
Enwere ike ịhụ na, n'ozuzu, mmetụta nke admixtures atọ na mmiri mmiri dị ka uru mbụ. Mgbe uzuzu silica dị na ọdịnaya dị elu nke 9% na ọdịnaya HPMC bụ O. N'ihe banyere 15%, ihe ahụ na-enweghị ike ịnakọta data ahụ n'ihi ọnọdụ adịghị mma nke slurry siri ike ijupụta cone ebu. , na-egosi na viscosity nke silica fume na HPMC mụbara nke ukwuu na elu dosages. Tụnyere CMC, mmetụta na-abawanye viscosity nke HPMC pụtara ìhè.
(3) Nsonaazụ nnwale izizi nke ọnụọgụ cementitious ihe dị ọcha slurry agwakọta ya na HPMC (viscosity 100,000) yana ihe mgbakwunye ịnweta dị iche iche.
Site na nke a, enwere ike ịhụ na HPMC (150,000) na HPMC (100,000) nwere mmetụta yiri nke ahụ na slurry, mana HPMC nwere viscosity dị elu nwere ntakịrị mbelata nke mmiri mmiri, mana ọ bụghị ihe doro anya, nke kwesịrị metụtara mgbasa. nke HPMC. Ọsọ ahụ nwere njikọ ụfọdụ. N'etiti admixtures, mmetụta nke ada uyi ọdịnaya na fluidity nke slurry bụ isi linear na nti, na 30% nke ọdịnaya nwere ike dịkwuo fluidity site 20,-,30mm; Mmetụta ahụ abụghị ihe doro anya, na mmetụta mmelite ya na ọbara ọgbụgba dị oke; ọbụlagodi n'obere usoro onunu ogwu nke na-erughị 10%, uzuzu silica nwere mmetụta pụtara ìhè n'ibelata ọbara ọgbụgba, na ebe elu ya kpọmkwem dị ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ okpukpu abụọ karịa nke simenti. n'usoro nke ịdị ukwuu, mmetụta nke mgbasa ya nke mmiri na njem dị oke mkpa.
N'okwu, n'ụdị dịgasị iche iche nke usoro onunu ogwu, ihe ndị na-emetụta mmiri mmiri nke slurry, usoro onunu ogwu nke silica fume na HPMC bụ isi ihe, ma ọ bụ nchịkwa nke ọbara ọgbụgba ma ọ bụ nchịkwa nke steeti eruba, ọ bụ ya. ọzọ doro anya, ndị ọzọ Mmetụta nke admixtures bụ nke abụọ ma na-arụ ọrụ mmezi inyeaka.
Akụkụ nke atọ chịkọta mmetụta nke HPMC (150,000) na admixtures na fluidity nke pulp dị ọcha na ọkara elekere, nke na-adịkarị ka iwu mmetụta nke uru mbụ. Enwere ike ịchọta na mmụba nke uyi ijiji na mmiri nke slurry dị ọcha maka ọkara otu awa bụ ntakịrị ihe doro anya karịa mmụba nke mmiri mbụ, mmetụta nke slag ntụ ntụ ka na-apụtaghị ìhè, na mmetụta nke silica fume ọdịnaya na fluidity. ka doro anya. Na mgbakwunye, n'ihe gbasara ọdịnaya nke HPMC, enwere ọtụtụ ihe ịtụnanya na-enweghị ike ịwụpụ na ọdịnaya dị elu, na-egosi na usoro ọgwụgwọ O. 15% nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n'ịbawanye viscosity na ibelata mmiri mmiri, yana n'ihe gbasara mmiri mmiri maka ọkara. otu awa, ma e jiri ya tụnyere nke mbụ uru, slag otu O. The fluidity nke 05% HPMC ebelata doro anya.
N'ihe gbasara mfu nke mmiri na-egbu oge ka oge na-aga, ntinye nke silica fume nwere mmetụta dịtụ ukwuu na ya, tumadi n'ihi na uzuzu silica nwere nnukwu mma, ọrụ dị elu, mmeghachi omume ngwa ngwa, na ike siri ike ịmịkọrọ mmiri, na-eme ka ọ dị nro. fluidity na-eguzo oge. Iji.
3.4 Nnwale na mmetụta nke cellulose ether na mmiri mmiri nke simenti dị ọcha nke dabeere na nnukwu mmiri mmiri.
3.4.1 Atụmatụ ule maka mmetụta nke cellulose ether na mmiri mmiri nke simenti dị ọcha nke dabeere na nnukwu mmiri mmiri.
Jiri ngwa agha mmiri dị elu hụ mmetụta ya na ịrụ ọrụ. Ndekọ ntụaka bụ isi ebe a bụ nnwale mmiri mmiri nke mbụ na ọkara awa.
A na-atụle ihe ndị a ka ọ na-emetụta ngagharị:
1 ụdị cellulose ethers,
2 dose nke cellulose ether,
3 Mortar eguzo oge
3.4.2 Nsonaazụ na nyocha nke mmetụta nke cellulose ether na mmiri mmiri nke simenti dị ọcha nke dabeere na nnukwu mmiri mmiri.
(1) Nnwale nyocha nke mmiri simenti dị ọcha gwakọtara na CMC
Nchịkọta na nyocha nke nsonaazụ ule:
1. Ngosipụta ngagharị:
N'ịtụle ndị otu atọ ahụ na otu oge guzoro, n'ihe gbasara mmiri mmiri mbụ, na mgbakwunye nke CMC, mmiri mmiri mbụ ahụ belatara ntakịrị, na mgbe ọdịnaya ruru O. Na 15%, enwere mbelata doro anya; ọnụ ọgụgụ na-ebelata nke mmiri mmiri na mmụba nke ọdịnaya na ọkara elekere yiri uru mbụ.
2. Akara:
N'ikwu okwu n'ụzọ doro anya, ma e jiri ya tụnyere slurry dị ọcha, ntinye nke mkpokọta na ngwa ngwa na-eme ka ọ dịrị mfe itinye ikuku ikuku n'ime slurry, na igbochi mmetụta nke mkpokọta na oghere ọbara ọgbụgba ga-emekwa ka ọ dị mfe maka ikuku ikuku ma ọ bụ ọbara ọgbụgba. N'ime slurry, ya mere, ikuku afụ ọdịnaya na nha nke ngwa agha kwesịrị ịdị ukwuu ma buru ibu karịa nke slurry dị mma. N'aka nke ọzọ, enwere ike ịhụ na mmụba nke ọdịnaya nke CMC, mmiri mmiri na-ebelata, na-egosi na CMC nwere mmetụta siri ike na ngwa agha ahụ, na nyocha mmiri nke ọkara awa na-egosi na afụ na-ejupụta n'elu. ntakịrị mmụba. , nke bụkwa ihe ngosi nke nkwụsi ike na-arị elu, na mgbe nhazi ahụ rutere n'ókè ụfọdụ, afụ ga-esi ike ijupụta, ọ dịghịkwa ihe ngosi doro anya ga-ahụ n'elu.
(2) Nsonaazụ nnwale nke mmiri simenti dị ọcha gwakọtara na HPMC (100,000)
Nyocha nke nsonaazụ ule:
1. Ngosipụta ngagharị:
Enwere ike ịhụ site na ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ na mmụba nke ọdịnaya nke HPMC, mmiri mmiri na-ebelata nke ukwuu. E jiri ya tụnyere CMC, HPMC nwere mmetụta na-agbasi ike karị. Mmetụta na njide mmiri ka mma. Site na 0.05% ruo 0.1%, mgbanwe mgbanwe mgbanwe nke mmiri na-apụta ìhè karị, na site na O. Mgbe 1% gasịrị, ọ bụghị mgbanwe mbụ ma ọ bụ ọkara awa na mmiri mmiri dị oke.
2. Ntụle nkọwa nke ihe atụ:
Enwere ike ịhụ site na tebụl na ọnụ ọgụgụ na ọ dịghị ihe ọ bụla na-egosipụta na ìgwè abụọ nke Mh2 na Mh3, na-egosi na viscosity nke otu abụọ ahụ adịlarị nke ukwuu, na-egbochi oke nke afụ na slurry.
(3) Nsonaazụ nnwale nke mmiri simenti dị ọcha gwakọtara yana HPMC (150,000)
Nyocha nke nsonaazụ ule:
1. Ngosipụta ngagharị:
N'ịtụle otu dị iche iche nwere otu oge guzoro, ihe a na-emekarị bụ na ma mmiri mbụ na nke ọkara awa na-ebelata na mmụba nke ọdịnaya nke HPMC, na mbelata na-apụta ìhè karịa nke HPMC nwere viscosity nke 100,000, na-egosi na mmụba nke viscosity nke HPMC na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo elu. The ndim mmetụta na-ewusi ike, ma na O. Mmetụta nke onunu ogwu n'okpuru 05% bụ ihe doro anya, na fluidity nwere a dịtụ nnukwu mgbanwe na nso nke 0,05% ka 0,1%, na omume bụ ọzọ na nso nke 0,1% maka 0.15%. Jiri nwayọọ, ma ọ bụ ọbụna kwụsị ịgbanwe. N'ịtụle ụkpụrụ ọnwụ nke ọkara-hour (mmiri mmiri mbụ na ọkara elekere) nke HPMC nwere viscosities abụọ, enwere ike ịhụ na HPMC nwere viscosity dị elu nwere ike belata uru ọnwụ ya, na-egosi na njide mmiri ya na ịtọlite nkwụghachi mmetụta bụ. mma karịa nke ala viscosity.
2. Ntụle nkọwa nke ihe atụ:
N'ihe gbasara ịchịkwa ọbara ọgbụgba, HPMC abụọ ahụ nwere ntakịrị ọdịiche dị na ya, ha abụọ nwere ike ijigide mmiri nke ọma ma gbasaa, wepụ mmetụta ọjọọ nke ọbara ọgbụgba, ma n'otu oge ahụ na-ekwe ka afụ na-asọpụta nke ọma.
3.5 Nnwale na mmetụta nke cellulose ether na fluidity nke elu fluidity ngwa agha nke dị iche iche simenti ihe onwunwe usoro.
3.5.1 Atụmatụ ule maka mmetụta nke cellulose ethers na mmiri mmiri nke nnukwu mmiri mmiri nke dị iche iche simenti ihe onwunwe usoro.
A ka na-eji ngwa agha mmiri dị elu mee ihe iji hụ mmetụta ya na mmiri mmiri. Ihe nrịba ama bụ isi bụ nchọpụta mmiri mmiri nke mbido na ọkara awa.
(1) Nnwale atụmatụ nke mmiri mmiri ngwa ngwa na ihe cementitious ọnụọgụ abụọ jikọtara ya na CMC na ihe mgbakwunye ịnweta dị iche iche.
(2) Nnwale atụmatụ nke ngwa agha fluidity na HPMC (viscosity 100,000) na ọnụọgụ abụọ cementitious ihe dị iche iche ịnweta admixtures.
(3) Test atụmatụ nke ngwa agha fluidity na HPMC (viscosity 150,000) na ọnụọgụ abụọ cementitious ihe dị iche iche ịnweta admixtures.
3.5.2 Mmetụta nke cellulose ether na fluidity nke nnukwu mmiri mmiri ngwa agha na ọnụọgụ abụọ cementitious ihe onwunwe usoro nke dị iche iche ịnweta admixtures Nyocha ule na nyocha.
(1) Nsonaazụ nnwale izizi nke ụrọ cementitious ọnụọgụ abụọ jikọtara ya na CMC yana admixtures dị iche iche.
Site na nsonaazụ ule nke mbido mmiri mbụ, enwere ike kwubie na mgbakwunye nke uyi ijiji nwere ike imeziwanye mmiri nke ngwa agha; mgbe ọdịnaya nke ịnweta ntụ ntụ bụ 10%, mmiri mmiri nke ngwa agha nwere ike ime ka ọ dịkwuo mma; na silica fume nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na mmiri mmiri , karịsịa na nso nke 6% ~ 9% mgbanwe ọdịnaya, na-eme ka mbelata nke mmiri dị ihe dị ka 90mm.
N'ime ìgwè abụọ nke ntụ ntụ na ịnweta ntụ ntụ, CMC na-ebelata mmiri mmiri nke ngwa agha ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, ebe n'ime ìgwè silica fume, O. Mmụba nke ọdịnaya CMC n'elu 1% anaghịzi emetụta mmiri mmiri nke ngwa agha.
Nsonaazụ nyocha mmiri nke ọkara awa nke ụrọ cementitious ọnụọgụ abụọ jikọtara ya na CMC yana admixtures dị iche iche.
Site na nyocha nke nyocha nke mmiri na ọkara elekere, enwere ike kwubie na mmetụta nke ọdịnaya nke admixture na CMC yiri nke mbụ, ma ọdịnaya nke CMC na mineral ntụ ntụ na-agbanwe site na O. 1% gaa na O. O. Mgbanwe 2% ka ukwuu, na 30mm.
N'ihe gbasara mfu nke mmiri na-aga n'ihu n'oge, uyi ofufe nwere mmetụta nke ibelata ọnwụ ahụ, ebe ịnweta ntụ ntụ na silica fume ga-abawanye uru ọnwụ n'okpuru nnukwu usoro onunu ogwu. Usoro 9% nke silica fume na-emekwa ka a ghara ijupụta n'onwe ya. , A pụghị ịlele mmiri mmiri nke ọma.
(2) Nsonaazụ nnwale izizi nke ụrọ cementitious ọnụọgụ abụọ jikọtara ya na HPMC (viscosity 100,000) yana admixtures dị iche iche.
Nnwale ule mmiri nke ọkara awa nke ụrọ cementitious ọnụọgụ abụọ jikọtara ya na HPMC (viscosity 100,000) yana ụdị admixtures dị iche iche.
Ọ ka nwere ike kwubiri site nnwale na mgbakwunye na nke ada uyi nwere ike ubé melite fluidity nke ngwa agha; mgbe ọdịnaya nke ịnweta ntụ ntụ bụ 10%, mmiri mmiri nke ngwa agha nwere ike ime ka ọ dịkwuo mma; Usoro onunu ogwu a na-enwe mmetụta nke ukwuu, na otu HPMC nwere oke onunu ogwu na 9% nwere ntụpọ nwuru anwu, mmiri mmiri na-apụkwa n'anya.
Ọdịnaya nke cellulose ether na silica fume bụkwa ihe kacha pụta ìhè na-emetụta mmiri nke ngwa agha. O doro anya na mmetụta HPMC karịrị nke CMC. Admixtures ndị ọzọ nwere ike imeziwanye mfu nke fluidity ka oge na-aga.
(3) Nsonaazụ nnwale izizi nke ụrọ cementitious ọnụọgụ abụọ jikọtara ya na HPMC (viscosity nke 150,000) yana admixtures dị iche iche.
Nsonaazụ mmiri mmiri nke ọkara awa nke ụrọ cementitious ọnụọgụ abụọ jikọtara ya na HPMC (viscosity 150,000) yana ụdị admixtures dị iche iche.
Ọ ka nwere ike kwubiri site nnwale na mgbakwunye na nke ada uyi nwere ike ubé melite fluidity nke ngwa agha; mgbe ọdịnaya nke ịnweta ntụ ntụ bụ 10%, mmiri mmiri nke ngwa agha nwere ike ime ka ọ dịkwuo mma: silica fume ka na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma n'ịdozi ihe na-agba ọbara, ebe Fluidity bụ mmetụta dị njọ, ma ọ dị irè karịa mmetụta ya na slurries dị ọcha. .
Ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke nwụrụ anwụ tụrụ pụtara n'okpuru nnukwu ọdịnaya nke cellulose ether (karịsịa na tebụl nke ọkara-hour fluidity), na-egosi na HPMC nwere mmetụta dị ịrịba ama na mbenata fluidity nke ngwa agha, na ịnweta ntụ ntụ na ofufe uyi nwere ike melite ọnwụ. nke fluidity ka oge na-aga.
3.5 Nchịkọta Isi
1. N'ịtụle n'ụzọ zuru ezu ule fluidity nke ciment mado dị ọcha jikọtara ya na cellulose ethers atọ, a pụrụ ịhụ na.
1. CMC nwere ụfọdụ retarding na ikuku-entraning mmetụta, na-adịghị ike mmiri njide, na ụfọdụ ọnwụ na-oge.
2. Mmetụta njide mmiri nke HPMC doro anya, ọ na-enwekwa mmetụta dị ukwuu na steeti ahụ, na mmiri mmiri na-ebelata nke ukwuu na mmụba nke ọdịnaya. O nwere ụfọdụ mmetụta na-eme ka ikuku na-eme ka ọ dị elu, na ihe na-eme ka ọ pụta ìhè. 15% ga-eme ka nnukwu afụ na slurry, nke ga-emebi ike. Site na mmụba nke viscosity HPMC, mfu nke slurry fluidity na-adabere na oge mụbara, mana ọ bụghị nke doro anya.
2. Comprehensively tụnyere slurry fluidity ule nke ọnụọgụ abụọ gelling usoro nke dị iche iche ịnweta admixtures weere na atọ cellulose ethers, ọ pụrụ ịhụ na:
1. Iwu mmetụta nke atọ cellulose ethers na fluidity nke slurry nke ọnụọgụ abụọ cementity usoro nke dị iche iche ịnweta admixtures nwere àgwà yiri mmetụta iwu nke fluidity nke dị ọcha ciment slurry. CMC nwere mmetụta dị nta n'ịchịkwa ọbara ọgbụgba, ma nwee mmetụta na-adịghị ike na mbenata mmiri mmiri; ụdị abụọ nke HPMC nwere ike ịbawanye viscosity nke slurry ma belata mmiri mmiri nke ukwuu, na nke nwere viscosity dị elu nwere mmetụta doro anya karị.
2. N'etiti admixtures, uyi uzuzu nwere ụfọdụ ogo mma na mmalite na ọkara awa fluidity nke dị ọcha slurry, na ọdịnaya nke 30% nwere ike mụbaa site banyere 30mm; mmetụta nke ịnweta ntụ ntụ na fluidity nke dị ọcha slurry enweghị ihe doro anya mgbe niile; silicon Ọ bụ ezie na ọdịnaya nke ash dị ala, ya pụrụ iche ultra-fineness, ngwa ngwa mmeghachi omume, na ike adsorption na-eme ka ọ dị ịrịba ama ibelata fluidity nke slurry, karịsịa mgbe 0.15% HPMC na-agbakwunyere, a ga-enwe cone ebu na-apụghị iju. Ihe ngosi.
3. N'ịchịkwa ọbara ọgbụgba, uyi ofufe na ntụ ntụ adịghị pụta ìhè, na silica fume nwere ike ibelata ọnụ ọgụgụ ọbara ọgbụgba.
4. N'ihe banyere ọnwụ nke ọkara awa nke mmiri mmiri, uru efu nke uyi ofufe dị ntakịrị, na uru ọnwụ nke otu na-ejikọta uzuzu silica dị ukwuu.
5. N'ihe dị iche iche dị iche iche nke ọdịnaya, ihe ndị na-emetụta mmiri mmiri nke slurry, ọdịnaya nke HPMC na fume silica bụ ihe ndị bụ isi, ma ọ bụ nchịkwa nke ọbara ọgbụgba ma ọ bụ nchịkwa nke ọnọdụ na-asọpụta, ọ bụ ya. dịtụ doro anya. Mmetụta nke ịnweta ntụ ntụ na ịnweta ntụ ntụ bụ nke abụọ, ma na-arụ ọrụ mmezi inyeaka.
3. N'ịtụle n'ụzọ zuru ezu ule fluidity nke ngwa ngwa ciment dị ọcha jikọtara ya na cellulose ethers atọ, a pụrụ ịhụ na.
1. Mgbe agbakwunyere cellulose ethers atọ, a kpochapụrụ ihe na-agba ọbara nke ọma, na mmiri nke ngwa agha na-ebelata n'ozuzu ya. Ụfọdụ ndim, mmetụta njigide mmiri. CMC nwere ụfọdụ nkwụghachi azụ na mmetụta ikuku ikuku, njide mmiri na-adịghị ike, na ụfọdụ mfu n'ime oge.
2. Mgbe agbakwunyere CMC, ọnwụ nke mmiri mmiri mmiri na-abawanye na oge, nke nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi na CMC bụ ionic cellulose ether, nke dị mfe ịmepụta mmiri ozuzo na Ca2 + na ciment.
3. Ntụle nke cellulose ethers atọ na-egosi na CMC na-enwe mmetụta dị nta na mmiri mmiri, na ụdị abụọ nke HPMC na-ebelata mmiri mmiri nke ngwa agha na ọdịnaya nke 1/1000, na nke nwere elu viscosity dị ntakịrị karịa. doro anya.
4. Thedị atọ nke cellulose ethers nwere ụfọdụ ikuku-entraining mmetụta, nke ga-eme ka elu egosipụta na-erubiga ókè, ma mgbe ọdịnaya nke HPMC ruru ihe karịrị 0.1%, n'ihi na elu viscosity nke slurry, na egosipụta na-anọgide na n'ime. slurry na enweghị ike ijubiga ókè.
5. Mmetụta njide mmiri nke HPMC doro anya, nke nwere mmetụta dị ịrịba ama na ọnọdụ nke ngwakọta ahụ, na mmiri mmiri na-ebelata nke ukwuu na mmụba nke ọdịnaya, na ihe siri ike doro anya.
4. Comprehensively tụnyere fluidity ule nke multiple ịnweta admixture ọnụọgụ abụọ cementitious ihe weere na atọ cellulose ethers.
Dị ka a pụrụ ịhụ:
1. Iwu mmetụta nke atọ cellulose ethers na fluidity nke multi-component cementitious ihe ngwa agha yiri iwu mmetụta na fluidity nke dị ọcha slurry. CMC nwere mmetụta dị nta n'ịchịkwa ọbara ọgbụgba, ma nwee mmetụta na-adịghị ike na mbenata mmiri mmiri; Ụdị abụọ nke HPMC nwere ike ịbawanye viscosity nke ngwa agha ma belata mmiri mmiri nke ọma, na nke nwere viscosity dị elu nwere mmetụta doro anya karị.
2. N'etiti admixtures, ofufe uyi nwere ụfọdụ ogo nke mma na mbụ na ọkara awa fluidity nke dị ọcha slurry; mmetụta nke slag ntụ ntụ na fluidity nke slurry dị ọcha enweghị oge doro anya; ọ bụ ezie na ọdịnaya nke silica fume dị ala, ya The pụrụ iche ultra-fineness, ngwa ngwa mmeghachi omume na ike adsorption na-eme ka ọ na-enwe nnukwu mbelata mmetụta na fluidity nke slurry. Otú ọ dị, e jiri ya tụnyere ule ule nke paste dị ọcha, a na-achọpụta na mmetụta nke admixtures na-ada mbà.
3. N'ịchịkwa ọbara ọgbụgba, uyi ofufe na ntụ ntụ adịghị pụta ìhè, na silica fume nwere ike ibelata ọnụ ọgụgụ ọbara ọgbụgba.
4. N'ime ụdị dịgasị iche iche nke usoro onunu ogwu, ihe ndị na-emetụta mmiri mmiri nke ngwa agha, usoro ọgwụgwọ nke HPMC na silica fume bụ ihe ndị bụ isi, ma ọ bụ nchịkwa nke ọbara ọgbụgba ma ọ bụ nchịkwa nke ọnọdụ na-asọpụta, ọ bụ karịa. doro anya, silica fume 9% Mgbe ọdịnaya nke HPMC bụ 0.15%, ọ dị mfe ime ka ihe ndochi ahụ sie ike iji mejupụta, na mmetụta nke admixtures ndị ọzọ bụ nke abụọ ma na-arụ ọrụ mmezi inyeaka.
5. A ga-enwe afụ n'elu ngwa ngwa nke nwere mmiri mmiri karịa 250mm, ma otu oghere na-enweghị cellulose ether n'ozuzu enweghị afụ ma ọ bụ naanị obere obere egosipụta, na-egosi na cellulose ether nwere ụfọdụ ikuku-entraining. mmetụta ma na-eme ka slurry viscous. Ke adianade do, n'ihi na oké viscosity nke ngwa agha na ogbenye fluidity, ọ na-esiri ikuku egosipụta ka sere n'elu site onwe-arọ mmetụta nke slurry, ma a na-ejigide na ngwa agha, na mmetụta ya na ike enweghị ike ịbụ. leghaara anya.
Isi nke 4 Mmetụta nke Cellulose Ethers na Mechanical Njirimara nke Mortar
Isi nke gara aga na-amụ mmetụta nke ijikọ ọnụ nke cellulose ether na ihe dị iche iche nke ịnweta ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị ọcha na mmiri mmiri dị ọcha. Isiakwụkwọ a na-enyochakarị ijikọta ojiji nke cellulose ether na admixtures dị iche iche na ngwa ngwa mmiri dị elu na mmetụta nke ike mkpakọ na ike mgbanwe nke ngwa agha njikọta, yana mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ike njikọ nke ike nke ụrọ njikọ na cellulose ether na ịnweta ịnweta. A na-achịkọtakwa admixtures ma nyochaa ya.
Dị ka nnyocha e mere na-arụ ọrụ nke cellulose ether na simenti dabeere ihe onwunwe nke dị ọcha mado na ngwa agha n'Isi nke 3, na akụkụ nke ike ule, ọdịnaya nke cellulose ether bụ 0,1%.
4.1 Nnwale ike mkpakọ na mgbanwe nke ngwa agha dị elu
Achọpụtara ike mkpakọ na mgbanwe nke ihe mgbakwunye ịnweta na cellulose ethers dị na ngwa ngwa infusion dị elu.
4.1.1 Nnwale mmetụta na mkpakọ na ike mgbanwe nke ciment dị ọcha nke nwere nnukwu mmiri mmiri.
A na-eduzi mmetụta nke ụdị cellulose ethers atọ na mkpakọ ma na-agbanwe agbanwe nke simenti dị ọcha nke dabeere na mmiri mmiri dị elu na afọ dị iche iche na ọdịnaya edozi nke 0.1% ebe a.
Ntụle ike mmalite: N'ihe gbasara ike mgbanwe, CMC nwere mmetụta na-ewusi ike, ebe HPMC nwere mmetụta mbelata ụfọdụ; n'ihe gbasara ike mkpakọ, ntinye nke cellulose ether nwere iwu yiri ya na ike mgbanwe; viscosity nke HPMC na-emetụta ike abụọ ahụ. Ọ nwere mmetụta dị nta: n'ihe gbasara nrụgide-fold ratio, ihe atọ cellulose ethers nwere ike ibelata nrụgide-fold ratio nke ọma ma welie mgbanwe nke ngwa agha. N'ime ha, HPMC nwere viscosity nke 150,000 nwere mmetụta doro anya.
(2) rịzọlt ntụle ike ụbọchị asaa
Nyocha ike ụbọchị asaa: N'ihe gbasara ike mgbanwe na ike mkpakọ, e nwere iwu yiri nke ike ụbọchị atọ. E jiri ya tụnyere ụbọchị atọ nke nrụgide-mpịakọta, enwere ntakịrị mmụba na ike mpịachi. Otú ọ dị, ntụnyere nke data nke otu afọ oge nwere ike ịhụ mmetụta nke HPMC na mbelata nke nrụgide-mpịakọta ruru. dịtụ doro anya.
(3) ụbọchị iri abụọ na asatọ ike ntụnyere nsonaazụ ule
Nyocha ike ụbọchị iri abụọ na asatọ: N'ihe gbasara ike mgbanwe na ike mkpakọ, e nwere iwu ndị yiri ya na ike ụbọchị atọ. Ike mgbanwe na-abawanye nwayọọ nwayọọ, na ike mkpakọ ka na-abawanye ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ. Ntụnyere data nke otu oge afọ na-egosi na HPMC nwere mmetụta pụtara ìhè karịa n'ịkwalite oke mkpakọ-mpịakọta.
Dị ka ule ike nke ngalaba a si dị, a na-achọpụta na mmụba nke brittleness nke ngwa agha na-ejedebe site na CMC, na mgbe ụfọdụ mkpakọ-na-fold ratio na-abawanye, na-eme ka ngwa agha na-agbajikwa. N'otu oge ahụ, ebe ọ bụ na mmetụta njide mmiri dị n'ozuzu karịa nke HPMC, cellulose ether anyị na-atụle maka ule ike ebe a bụ HPMC nke viscosities abụọ. Ọ bụ ezie na HPMC nwere mmetụta ụfọdụ na ibelata ike (karịsịa maka ike mbụ), ọ bara uru iji belata mkpakọ-refraction ruru, nke bara uru na ike nke ngwa agha. Tụkwasị na nke a, jikọtara ya na ihe ndị na-emetụta mmiri mmiri n'Isi nke 3, na-amụ banyere ngwakọta nke admixtures na CE N'ime ule nke mmetụta, anyị ga-eji HPMC (100,000) dị ka kwekọrọ CE.
4.1.2 Mmetụta mmetụta nke mkpakọ na ike mgbanwe nke ịnweta admixture akwa mmiri mmiri.
Dị ka ule nke fluidity nke dị ọcha slurry na ngwa agha gwakọtara na admixtures na mbụ isi, ọ pụrụ ịhụ na fluidity nke silica fume bụ doro anya deteriorated ruru ka nnukwu mmiri ina, ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwere ike theoretically melite njupụta na ike ka. n'ókè ụfọdụ. , karịsịa ike mkpakọ, ma ọ dị mfe ime ka mkpakọ-na-fold ruru nke ukwuu, nke na-eme ka ngwa agha brittleness atụmatụ dị ịrịba ama, na ọ bụ nkwenye na silica uzuzu na-abawanye shrinkage nke ngwa agha. N'otu oge ahụ, n'ihi enweghị skeleton shrinkage nke keadighi rarii mkpokọta, shrinkage uru nke ngwa agha bụ dịtụ nnukwu n'ihe metụtara kọnkịrị. Maka ngwa agha (ọkachasị ngwa ngwa pụrụ iche dị ka ngwa ngwa njikọ na plasta), ihe kacha njọ na-abụkarị mbelata. Maka mgbawa nke mmiri na-efunahụ, ike anaghị abụkarị ihe kacha mkpa. Ya mere, a na-atụfu silica fume dị ka admixture, na naanị iji uyi na ịnweta ntụ ntụ na-eji chọpụta mmetụta nke ihe mejupụtara ya na cellulose ether na ike.
4.1.2.1 Atụmatụ ule mkpakọ na mgbanwe ike nke nnukwu mmiri mmiri
N'ime nnwale a, a na-eji akụkụ nke ngwa agha na 4.1.1 mee ihe, na ọdịnaya nke cellulose ether na-edozi na 0.1% ma jiri ya tụnyere otu oghere. Ọkwa onunu ogwu nke ule admixture bụ 0%, 10%, 20% na 30%.
4.1.2.2 Nsonaazụ nnwale nke nrụgide na mgbanwe ike na nyocha nke ngwa agha dị elu.
Enwere ike ịhụ site na ọnụọgụ ule ike mkpakọ na ike mkpakọ 3d mgbe ị gbakwunye HPMC bụ ihe dịka 5/VIPA dị ala karịa nke otu oghere. N'ozuzu, na-abawanye nke ego nke admixture agbakwunyere, ike mkpakọ na-egosi mbelata na-emekarị. . N'ihe banyere admixtures, ike nke ịnweta ntụ ntụ na-enweghị HPMC kacha mma, ebe ike nke ijiji otu dị ntakịrị ala karịa nke mineral powder group, na-egosi na ịnweta ntụ ntụ adịghị arụ ọrụ dị ka ciment. na ntinye ya ga-ebelata ike mmalite nke usoro ahụ. Ụda ijiji na ọrụ ka njọ na-ebelata ike nke ọma karị. Ihe kpatara nyocha ahụ kwesịrị ịbụ na uyi ijiji na-ekere òkè na hydration nke abụọ nke ciment, ọ dịghịkwa eme ka ọ dịkwuo ike na mmalite nke ngwa agha ahụ.
Enwere ike ịhụ ya site na ụkpụrụ ule ike mgbanwe na HPMC ka na-enwe mmetụta dị njọ na ike mgbanwe, ma mgbe ọdịnaya nke admixture dị elu, ihe na-ebelata ike na-agbanwe agbanwe abụghịzi ihe doro anya. Ihe kpatara ya nwere ike ịbụ mmetụta njide mmiri nke HPMC. Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmiri na-efunahụ dị n'elu ihe mgbochi ule ngwa agha na-ebelata, na mmiri maka hydration zuru oke.
N'ihe gbasara admixtures, ike na-agbanwe agbanwe na-egosi mgbanwe na-ebelata site na mmụba nke ọdịnaya admixture, na ike na-agbanwe agbanwe nke otu ntụ ntụ ntụ dịkwa ntakịrị karịa nke ìgwè ash ash, na-egosi na ọrụ nke ntụ ntụ ịnweta bụ. kariri uyi ijiji.
Enwere ike ịhụ ya site na ọnụ ahịa gbakọrọ ọnụ nke mkpakọ-mbelata nke mgbakwunye na mgbakwunye nke HPMC ga-ebelata oke mkpakọ nke ọma ma melite mgbanwe nke ngwa agha ahụ, mana ọ bụ n'ezie na-efunahụ mbelata dị ukwuu na ike mkpakọ.
N'ihe gbasara admixtures, dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke admixture na-abawanye, mkpakọ-fold ratio na-emekarị ka ọ na-abawanye, na-egosi na admixture adịghị adaba na mgbanwe nke ngwa agha. Tụkwasị na nke a, enwere ike ịchọta na mkpakọ-fold ratio nke ngwa agha na-enweghị HPMC na-abawanye na mgbakwunye na nke admixture. Mmụba ahụ dị ntakịrị ibu, ya bụ, HPMC nwere ike melite embrittlement nke ngwa agha kpatara site na mgbakwunye nke admixtures ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ.
Enwere ike ịhụ na maka ike mkpakọ nke 7d, mmetụta ọjọọ nke admixtures adịkwaghị anya. The mkpakọ ike ụkpụrụ bụ roughly otu na nke ọ bụla admixture onunu ogwu larịị, na HPMC ka nwere dịtụ mwepu doro anya na mkpakọ ike. mmetụta.
Enwere ike ịhụ na n'ihe gbasara ike na-agbanwe agbanwe, admixture nwere mmetụta na-adịghị mma na nkwụsi ike nke 7d n'ozuzu ya, na naanị otu ìgwè nke ịnweta powders rụrụ ọrụ nke ọma, na-echekwa na 11-12MPa.
Enwere ike ịhụ na admixture nwere mmetụta dị njọ n'ihe gbasara ntinye ntinye. Site na mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ nke admixture, ntinye ntinye nke ntanye ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-abawanye, ya bụ, ngwa agha ahụ na-agbaji. HPMC nwere ike ibelata oke mkpakọ-n'okirikiri wee kwalite nbibi nke ngwa agha.
Enwere ike ịhụ na site na ike mkpakọ 28d, admixture ekerewo mmetụta bara uru nke ukwuu na ike ikpeazụ, na ike mkpakọ ejirila 3-5MPa mụbaa, nke bụ n'ihi micro-ejuputa mmetụta nke admixture. na ihe pozzolanic. Mmetụta hydration nke abụọ nke ihe ahụ, n'otu aka ahụ, nwere ike iji ma rie calcium hydroxide nke hydration ciment mepụtara (calcium hydroxide bụ akụkụ na-adịghị ike na ngwa agha, yana ịba ụba ya na mpaghara mgbanwe interface na-emebi ike), na-emepụta ihe ndị ọzọ hydration ngwaahịa, n'aka nke ọzọ, na-akwalite ogo hydration nke ciment ma mee ka ngwa agha ahụ sie ike karị. HPMC ka nwere mmetụta ọjọọ dị ịrịba ama na ike mkpakọ, na ike adịghị ike nwere ike iru karịa 10MPa. Iji nyochaa ihe kpatara ya, HPMC na-ewebata ụfọdụ ikuku ikuku na usoro ngwakọta ngwa agha, nke na-ebelata mkpokọta nke anụ ahụ. Nke a bụ otu ihe kpatara ya. HPMC na-adị mfe adsorbed n'elu nke siri ike irighiri na-etolite a film, na-egbochi hydration usoro, na interface mgbanwe mpaghara bụ ike ọgwụgwụ, nke na-adịghị eme ka ike.
Enwere ike ịhụ na n'ihe gbasara ike mgbanwe nke 28d, data ahụ nwere mgbasawanye ka ukwuu karịa ike mkpakọ, ma a ka nwere ike ịhụ mmetụta ọjọọ nke HPMC.
Enwere ike ịhụ na, site n'echiche nke mkpakọ-mbelata, HPMC na-abakarị uru iji belata mkpakọ-mbelata oke ma melite ike nke ngwa agha ahụ. N'otu ìgwè, na mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ nke admixtures, mkpakọ-refraction ruru na-abawanye. Nyocha nke ihe kpatara ya na-egosi na admixture nwere ọganihu doro anya na ike mkpakọ mgbe e mesịrị, ma mmachi mmachi na ike mgbanwe na-emecha, na-ebute mkpakọ-refraction ruru. nkwalite.
4.2 Nnwale ike mkpakọ na mgbanwe nke ngwa agha jikọtara
Iji nyochaa mmetụta nke cellulose ether na admixture na compressive na ike mgbanwe nke ngwa agha bonded, nnwale ahụ doziri ọdịnaya nke cellulose ether HPMC (viscosity 100,000) dị ka 0.30% nke akọrọ arọ nke ngwa agha. ma jiri ya tụnyere otu oghere.
Admixtures (fly ash na slag powder) ka na-anwale na 0%, 10%, 20%, na 30%.
4.2.1 Atụmatụ mkpakọ na mgbanwe ike nke ngwa agha jikọtara
4.2.2 Nsonaazụ ule na nyocha nke mmetụta nke mkpakọ na ike mgbanwe nke ngwa agha jikọtara
Enwere ike ịhụ site na nnwale ahụ na HPMC doro anya na adịghị mma n'ihe gbasara ike mkpakọ 28d nke ngwa agha njikọta, nke ga-eme ka ike belata ihe dị ka 5MPa, mana isi ihe na-egosi maka ikpebi ogo ngwa agha njikọta abụghị nke ahụ. ike mkpakọ, ya mere ọ na-anabata; Mgbe ọdịnaya mejupụtara bụ 20%, ike mkpakọ dị oke mma.
Enwere ike ịhụ site na nnwale ahụ na site n'echiche nke ike mgbanwe, mbelata ike nke HPMC kpatara abụghị nnukwu. Ọ nwere ike ịbụ na ngwa agha ahụ na-ejikọta ya enweghị mmiri na-adịghị mma yana njirimara plastik doro anya ma e jiri ya tụnyere ngwa ngwa mmiri dị elu. Mmetụta dị mma nke slipperiness na njide mmiri na-eme ka ọ dị irè na-ewepụ ụfọdụ n'ime mmetụta ọjọọ nke iwebata gas iji belata nchikota na interface na-ebelata; admixtures enweghị mmetụta doro anya na ike mgbanwe, na data nke ofufe ash otu na-agbanwe ntakịrị.
Enwere ike ịhụ site na nyocha ndị ahụ na, n'ihe gbasara nrụgide-mbelata, n'ozuzu, mmụba nke ọdịnaya admixture na-eme ka nrụgide-mbelata, nke na-adịghị mma maka ịdị ike nke ngwa agha; HPMC nwere mmetụta dị mma, nke nwere ike ibelata nrụgide-mbelata nke O. 5 n'elu, ekwesịrị ịkọwapụta na, dị ka "JG 149.2003 Expanded Polystyrene Board Thin Plaster External Wall External Insulation System", ọ dịghị n'ozuzu ọ dịghị iwu chọrọ. n'ihi na mkpakọ-mpịaji ruru na nchọpụta index nke bonding ngwa agha, na mkpakọ-mpịaji ruru bụ tumadi Ọ na-eji na-amachi brittleness nke plasta ngwa agha, na nke a index na-eji naanị dị ka ntụaka maka mgbanwe nke bonding. ngwa agha.
4.3 Nnwale ịdị ike nke njikọta nke ngwa agha njikọta
Iji chọpụta mmetụta iwu nke ngwa ngwakọta nke cellulose ether na admixture na nkekọ ike nke ngwa agha bonded, rụtụ aka na "JG/T3049.1998 Putty for Building Interior" na "JG 149.2003 Expanded Polystyrene Board Thin Plastering Exterior Walls" mkpuchi mkpuchi. Sistemu", anyị mere ule ike nkekọ nke ngwa agha njikọ, na-eji njigide ngwa agha dị na tebụl 4.2.1, na idozi ọdịnaya nke cellulose ether HPMC (viscosity 100,000) ruo 0 nke arọ akọrọ nke ngwa agha .30% , ma jiri ya tụnyere otu oghere.
Admixtures (fly ash na slag powder) ka na-anwale na 0%, 10%, 20%, na 30%.
4.3.1 Nnwale atụmatụ nke njikọ ike nke ngwa agha
4.3.2 Nsonaazụ ule na nyocha nke ike njikọ nke ngwa agha njikọ
(1) 14d bond ike ule nnwale nke bonding ngwa agha na ciment ngwa agha
Enwere ike ịhụ site na nnwale ahụ na otu ndị agbakwunyere na HPMC dị mma karịa otu oghere, na-egosi na HPMC bara uru maka ike njikọta, ọkachasị n'ihi na njigide mmiri nke HPMC na-echebe mmiri na njikọ njikọta n'etiti ngwa agha na ngọngọ ngwa agha ciment. Ngwa ngwa njikọ dị na interface na-agbapụta mmiri nke ọma, si otú ahụ na-abawanye ike nkekọ.
N'ihe banyere admixtures, ike nkekọ dịtụ elu na dose nke 10%, na ọ bụ ezie na ogo hydration na ọsọ nke ciment nwere ike imeziwanye n'ogo dị elu, ọ ga-eduga n'ibelata ogo hydration nke cimenti. ihe onwunwe, si otú ahụ na-akpata nnyapade. ibelata ike eriri.
Enwere ike ịhụ ya site na nnwale ahụ na n'ihe banyere uru ule nke arụ ọrụ oge siri ike, data ahụ dịtụ iche, na admixture nwere obere mmetụta, ma n'ozuzu, ma e jiri ya tụnyere ike mbụ ahụ, e nwere ụfọdụ mbelata, na Mbelata nke HPMC dị ntakịrị karịa nke otu oghere, na-egosi na E kwubiri na mmetụta njide mmiri nke HPMC bara uru maka mbelata mgbasa mmiri, nke mere na mbelata nke ike njikọ ngwa agha na-ebelata mgbe 2.5h.
(2) 14d njikọ ike nnwale nsonaazụ nke ngwa agha njikọta na bọọdụ polystyrene gbasaa
Enwere ike ịhụ site na nnwale ahụ na uru nnwale nke ike njikọ dị n'etiti ngwa agha njikọta na osisi polystyrene dị iche. N'ozuzu, enwere ike ịhụ na otu a gwakọtara na HPMC dị irè karịa otu oghere n'ihi njide mmiri dị mma. Ọfọn, ntinye nke admixtures na-ebelata nkwụsi ike nke ule ike njikọ.
4.4 Isi nchịkọta
1. N'ihi na elu fluidity ngwa agha, na-abawanye nke afọ, compressive-fold ratio nwere elu omume; The incorporation nke HPMC nwere doro anya mmetụta nke mbenata ike (mbelata nke compressive ike bụ ihe doro anya), nke na-eduga ná Mbelata nke mkpakọ-mpịakọta ruru, ya bụ, HPMC nwere doro anya enyemaka na mma nke ngwa agha siri ike. . N'ihe banyere ike ụbọchị atọ, uyi na-efe efe na ntụ ntụ nwere ike ime ntakịrị onyinye na ike na 10%, ebe ike na-ebelata na oke onunu ogwu, na nchikota nke nchikota na-abawanye na mmụba nke admixtures mineral; na ụbọchị asaa ike, Abụọ admixtures nwere obere mmetụta na ike, ma n'ozuzu mmetụta nke ofufe uyi ike Mbelata ka doro anya; n'ihe gbasara ike ụbọchị 28, admixtures abụọ ahụ enyela aka na ike, mkpakọ na ike mgbanwe. Ha abụọ na-abawanye ntakịrị, mana ọnụọgụ nrụgide ka na-abawanye site na mmụba nke ọdịnaya.
2. N'ihi na 28d compressive na flexural ike nke bonded ngwa agha, mgbe admixture ọdịnaya bụ 20%, na compressive na flexural ike arụmọrụ ka mma, na admixture ka na-eduga ná a obere mmụba na compressive-fold ratio, na-egosipụta ya Adverse. mmetụta na ike nke ngwa agha; HPMC na-eduga na mbelata ike nke ukwuu, mana ọ nwere ike belata oke mkpakọ na-mpịakọta.
3. Banyere ike nkekọ nke ngwa agha jikọtara, HPMC nwere mmetụta dị mma na ike nkekọ. Nyocha ahụ kwesịrị ịbụ na mmetụta njide mmiri ya na-ebelata mfu nke mmiri mmiri ma na-eme ka mmiri dịkwuo mma; Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ọdịnaya nke ngwakọta anaghị adị mgbe niile, na n'ozuzu arụmọrụ dị mma na ciment ciment mgbe ọdịnaya bụ 10%.
Isi nke 5 Ụzọ maka ịkọ amụma ike mgbaka nke ngwa agha na ihe
N'isiakwụkwọ a, a na-atụpụta usoro maka ịkọ ike nke ihe ndị sitere na ciment dabere na ọnụọgụ ọrụ admixture na tiori ike FERET. Anyị na-ebu ụzọ na-eche maka ngwa agha dị ka ụdị sink pụrụ iche na-enweghị nnukwu mkpokọta.
A maara nke ọma na ike mkpakọ bụ ihe dị mkpa na-egosi ihe ndị dabeere na ciment (concrete na mortar) na-eji dị ka ihe nhazi. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi ọtụtụ ihe na-emetụta ya, ọ dịghị ihe nlereanya mgbakọ na mwepụ nke nwere ike ịkọ n'ụzọ ziri ezi ike ya. Nke a na-ebute nsogbu ụfọdụ na nhazi, mmepụta na ojiji nke ngwa agha na kọmpat. The ẹdude ụdị nke ihe ike nwere onwe ha uru na ọghọm: ụfọdụ amụma ike nke ihe site porosity nke ihe si nkịtị ele ihe anya nke porosity nke siri ike ihe; ụfọdụ na-elekwasị anya na mmetụta nke mmekọrịta mmiri na-ekekọta oke na ike. Akwụkwọ a na-ejikọta ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ pozzolanic admixture na echiche ike nke Feret, ma na-eme mgbanwe ụfọdụ iji mee ka ọ bụrụ ihe ziri ezi karịa ịkọ ike mkpakọ.
5.1 Echiche Ike Feret
N'afọ 1892, Feret hibere ụdị mgbakọ na mwepụ mbụ maka ịkọ ike mkpakọ. N'okpuru ebe a na-enye ihe akụrụngwa, a na-atụpụta usoro maka ịkọ ike kọmpụta maka oge mbụ.
Uru nke usoro a bụ na mkpokọta grout, nke jikọtara ya na ike siri ike, nwere nkọwa anụ ahụ akọwapụtara nke ọma. N'otu oge ahụ, a na-echebara mmetụta nke ikuku ikuku echiche, a pụkwara igosi izi ezi nke usoro ahụ n'ụzọ anụ ahụ. Ebumnuche maka usoro a bụ na ọ na-egosipụta ozi na enwere oke na ike siri ike nke enwere ike nweta. Mwepu bụ na ọ na-eleghara mmetụta nke mkpokọta urughuru size, urughuru udi na mkpokọta ụdị. Mgbe ị na-ebu amụma ike nke ihe dị iche iche na afọ dị iche iche site n'ịgbanwe uru K, mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ike dị iche iche na afọ na-egosipụta dị ka ihe dị iche iche site na nhazi nhazi. Usoro ahụ adabaghị n'ọnọdụ dị adị (karịsịa mgbe afọ dị ogologo). N'ezie, usoro a Feret tụrụ aro ka emebere maka ngwa agha nke 10.20MPa. Ọ pụghị imeghari n'ụzọ zuru ezu na mmelite nke ike mkpakọ kọmpụta na mmetụta nke ihe ndị na-abawanye ụba n'ihi ọganihu nke teknụzụ ngwa agha.
A na-atụle ebe a na ike nke ihe (karịsịa maka ihe nkịtị) na-adabere na ike nke ciment ngwa ngwa na ihe, na ike nke ciment ngwa agha na-adabere na njupụta nke ciment mado, ya bụ, olu pasent. nke simenti ihe na mado.
Ozizi a nwere njikọ chiri anya na mmetụta nke ihe ruru ihe efu na ike. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na tiori e tinyere n'ihu na mbụ, mmetụta nke admixture components na ihe ike adịghị atụle. N'ihi nke a, akwụkwọ a ga-ewebata ọnụọgụ mmetụta admixture dabere na ọnụọgụ ọrụ maka mgbazi akụkụ. N'otu oge ahụ, na ndabere nke usoro a, a na-ewughachi mmetụta ọnụọgụ nke porosity na ike siri ike.
5.2 Ọnụọgụ ọrụ
A na-eji ọnụọgụ ọrụ, Kp, kọwaa mmetụta nke ihe pozzolanic na ike mkpakọ. N'ụzọ doro anya, ọ dabere na ọdịdị nke ihe pozzolanic n'onwe ya, kamakwa na afọ nke ihe ahụ. Ụkpụrụ nke ikpebi ọnụọgụ ọrụ bụ iji tụnyere ike mkpakọ nke ngwa agha ọkọlọtọ na ike mkpakọ nke ngwa agha ọzọ na pozzolanic admixtures na dochie ciment na otu ego nke ciment àgwà (mba p bụ ule ọnụọgụ ọrụ. Jiri surrogate). percentages). A na-akpọ oke nke ike abụọ a ọrụ coefficient fO), ebe t bụ afọ nke ngwa agha n'oge ule. Ọ bụrụ na fO) erughị 1, ọrụ nke pozzolan na-erughị nke ciment r. N'aka nke ọzọ, ọ bụrụ na fO) karịrị 1, pozzolan nwere mmeghachi omume dị elu (nke a na-emekarị mgbe a na-agbakwunye uzuzu silica).
Maka ọnụọgụ ọrụ a na-ejikarị na ike mkpakọ ụbọchị 28, dị ka ((GBT18046.2008 Granulated blast furnace slag powder used in ciment and concrete) H90, ọnụọgụ ọrụ nke granulated blast furnace slag powder bụ ọkọlọtọ ciment ngwa agha ike ruru enwetara site na dochie 50% ciment na ndabere nke ule dị ka (GBT1596.2005 Fly ash eji ciment na ihe), a na-enweta ọnụọgụ ọrụ nke ntụ ntụ mgbe dochie 30% ciment na ndabere nke ọkọlọtọ ciment ngwa agha; ule Dị ka "GB.T27690.2011 Silica Fume for Mortar and Concrete", ọnụọgụ ọrụ nke silica fume bụ ike ruru site na dochie 10% ciment na ndabere nke ọkọlọtọ ciment ngwa agha ule.
N'ozuzu, granulated mgbawa ọkụ slag ntụ ntụ Kp=0.95～1.10, ofufe ash Kp=0.7-1.05, silica fume Kp=1.00～1.15. Anyị na-eche na mmetụta ya na ike na-adabere na ciment. Nke ahụ bụ, a ga-achịkwa usoro mmeghachi omume pozzolanic site na mmeghachi omume nke pozzolan, ọ bụghị site na mmiri mmiri ozuzo nke ciment hydration.
5.3 Mmetụta ọnụọgụ nke admixture na ike
5.4 Mmetụta mmetụta nke oriri mmiri na ike
5.5 Mmetụta ọnụọgụ nke mkpokọta mkpokọta na ike
Dị ka echiche nke prọfesọ PK Mehta na PC Aitcin na United States, iji nweta ndị kasị mma workability na ike Njirimara nke HPC n'otu oge, olu ruru nke ciment slurry na mkpokọta kwesịrị ịbụ 35:65 [4810] nke n'ozuzu plasticity na fluidity Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mkpokọta nke ihe adịghị agbanwe nke ukwuu. Ọ bụrụhaala na ike nke mkpokọta isi ihe n'onwe ya na-emezu ihe achọrọ nke nkọwapụta, a na-eleghara mmetụta nke mkpokọta mkpokọta na ike ahụ anya, na enwere ike ikpebi akụkụ nke mkpokọta n'ime 60-70% dị ka slump chọrọ. .
Ọ na-theoretically kweere na ruru nke keadighi rarii na ezi aggregates ga-enwe ụfọdụ mmetụta na ike nke ihe. Dị ka anyị niile maara, akụkụ na-adịghị ike na ihe bụ interface mgbanwe mpaghara n'etiti mkpokọta na ciment na ndị ọzọ simenti ihe pastes. Ya mere, ikpeazụ ọdịda nke nkịtị ihe bụ n'ihi na mbụ mmebi nke interface mgbanwe mpaghara n'okpuru nrụgide kpatara ihe ndị dị ka ibu ma ọ bụ okpomọkụ mgbanwe. mere site na-aga n'ihu mmepe nke cracks. Ya mere, mgbe ogo hydration yiri, ibu interface mgbanwe mpaghara bụ, mfe nke mbụ mgbape ga-etolite n'ime a ogologo site mgbape mgbe nchegbu itinye uche. Ya bụ na-ekwu, ndị ọzọ keadighi rarii aggregates na ọzọ mgbe geometric shapes na ibu akpịrịkpa na interface mgbanwe mpaghara, ka ukwuu na nchegbu ịta puru omume nke mbụ cracks, na macroscopically gosipụtara na ihe ike na-abawanye na-abawanye nke keadighi rarii mkpokọta. oke. belatara. Otú ọ dị, ihe a na-ekwu n'elu bụ na a chọrọ ka ọ bụrụ ájá dị ala nke nwere ntakịrị ihe dị n'ime ya.
Ọnụ ọgụgụ ájá nwekwara mmetụta ụfọdụ na slump. Ya mere, ájá ọnụego nwere ike preset site slump chọrọ, na ike kpebisie ike n'ime 32% ka 46% maka nkịtị ihe.
A na-ekpebi ọnụọgụ na ụdị admixtures na ịnweta ịnweta site na ngwakọta ikpe. N'ime ihe ndị nkịtị, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ịnweta ịnweta kwesịrị ịbụ ihe na-erughị 40%, ebe na ihe siri ike dị elu, uzuzu silica ekwesịghị gafere 10%. Ọnụ ego simenti ekwesịghị ịbụ ihe karịrị 500kg / m3.
5.6 Itinye usoro amụma a iji duzie atụ mgbako nha nha
Ihe eji eme ihe bụ ndị a:
Simenti bụ ciment E042.5 nke Lubi Cement Factory, Laiwu City, Shandong Province, na njupụta ya bụ 3.19/cm3;
The ijiji ash bụ ọkwa II bọọlụ ash mepụtara site na Jinan Huangtai Power Plant, na ọnụọgụ ọrụ ya bụ O. 828, njupụta ya bụ 2.59 / cm3;
Uzuzu silica nke Shandong Sanmei Silicon Material Co., Ltd mepụtara nwere ọnụọgụ ọrụ nke 1.10 na njupụta nke 2.59 / cm3;
ájá osimiri akọrọ Taian nwere njupụta nke 2.6 g/cm3, nnukwu njupụta nke 1480kg/m3, yana modul ịdị mma nke Mx=2.8;
Jinan Ganggou na-emepụta nkume 5-'25mm akọrọ akọrọ na nnukwu njupụta nke 1500kg / m3 na njupụta nke ihe dịka 2.7∥cm3;
Onye na-eme ka mmiri na-eme ka mmiri na-eme ihe bụ onye na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị elu nke aliphatic na-eme onwe ya, na-ebelata mmiri nke 20%; The kpọmkwem onunu ogwu kpebisiri ike experimentally dị ka chọrọ nke slump. Nkwadebe nnwale nke ihe C30, slump chọrọ ka ọ dị elu karịa 90mm.
1. ike imepụta
2. àgwà ájá
3. Mkpebi nke mmetụta mmetụta nke ọ bụla ike
4. Rịọ maka oriri mmiri
5. A na-edozi usoro ọgwụgwọ nke onye na-ebelata mmiri dịka ihe achọrọ nke slump. Usoro onunu ogwu bụ 1%, na Ma = 4kg na-agbakwunye na oke.
6. N'ụzọ dị otú a, a na-enweta ngụkọta ngụkọta
7. Mgbe agwakọta ikpe, ọ nwere ike izute slump chọrọ. Ike mkpakọ 28d tụrụ atụ bụ 39.32MPa, nke na-emezu ihe achọrọ.
5.7 Isi nchịkọta
N'ihe banyere ileghara mmekọrịta nke admixtures I na F, anyị atụlewo ọnụọgụ ọrụ na echiche ike nke Feret, wee nweta mmetụta nke ọtụtụ ihe na ike nke ihe:
1 Concrete admixture mmetụta ọnụọgụgụ
2 Mmetụta ọnụọgụ nke oriri mmiri
3 Mmetụta ọnụọgụ nke mkpokọta mkpokọta
4 Ntụnyere n'ezie. Achọpụtara ya na usoro amụma ike 28d nke kọmpụta na-emeziwanye site na ọnụọgụ ọrụ yana echiche ike nke Feret dị nkwekọ nke ọma na ọnọdụ ahụ n'ezie, enwere ike iji ya duzie nkwadebe nke ngwa agha na kọmpat.
Isi nke 6 Mmechi na Outlook
6.1 Isi nkwubi okwu
Akụkụ nke mbụ tụlere n'ụzọ zuru ezu slurry dị ọcha na ngwa agha mmiri mmiri nke dị iche iche ịnweta admixtures jikọtara ya na ụdị cellulose ethers atọ, wee chọta iwu ndị a:
1. Cellulose ether nwere ụfọdụ retarding na ikuku-entraning mmetụta. N'ime ha, CMC nwere mmetụta njigide mmiri na-adịghị ike na obere doses, ma nwee ụfọdụ mfu n'ime oge; mgbe HPMC nwere ịrịba mmiri njigide na ndim mmetụta, nke budata ebelata fluidity nke dị ọcha pulp na ngwa agha, na The ndim mmetụta nke HPMC na elu nominal viscosity bụ ubé doro anya.
2. N'etiti admixtures, mmalite na ọkara-hour fluidity nke ofufe ash na dị ọcha slurry na ngwa agha ka emewo ka mma ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ. Enwere ike ịbawanye ọdịnaya 30% nke ule slurry dị ọcha site na ihe dịka 30mm; na fluidity nke ịnweta ntụ ntụ na dị ọcha slurry na ngwa agha Enweghị iwu doro anya nke mmetụta; ọ bụ ezie na ọdịnaya nke silica fume dị ala, ya pụrụ iche ultra-fineness, ngwa ngwa mmeghachi omume, na ike adsorption na-eme ka ọ nwee mmetụta dị ịrịba ama mbelata na fluidity nke dị ọcha slurry na ngwa agha, karịsịa mgbe agwakọta ya na 0.15 Mgbe% HPMC, a ga-enwe phenomen na cone anwụ enweghị ike ejupụta. E jiri ya tụnyere nsonaazụ ule nke slurry dị ọcha, a na-achọpụta na mmetụta nke admixture na ule ngwa agha na-ada mbà. N'ihe gbasara ịchịkwa ọbara ọgbụgba, ash na-efe efe na ntụ ntụ adịghị apụta ìhè. Silica fume nwere ike ibelata oke ọbara ọgbụgba, mana ọ naghị akwado mbelata mmiri mmiri na mfu ngwa ngwa ka oge na-aga, ọ dịkwa mfe ibelata oge ọrụ.
3. N'ihe dị iche iche nke mgbanwe usoro onunu ogwu, ihe ndị na-emetụta mmiri mmiri nke ciment dabeere slurry, usoro onunu ogwu nke HPMC na silica fume bụ ihe ndị bụ isi, ma na-achịkwa ọbara ọgbụgba na njikwa nke ọnọdụ na-asọpụta, bụ ihe doro anya. Mmetụta nke ash ash na ịnweta ntụ ntụ bụ nke abụọ ma na-arụ ọrụ mmezi inyeaka.
4. Ụdị atọ nke cellulose ethers nwere ụfọdụ mmetụta na-eme ka ikuku dị, nke ga-eme ka afụ na-ejupụta n'elu slurry dị ọcha. Agbanyeghị, mgbe ọdịnaya nke HPMC ruru ihe karịrị 0.1%, n'ihi nnukwu viscosity nke slurry, enweghị ike idowe egosipụta na slurry. jubigara ókè. A ga-enwe egosipụta n'elu ngwa agha nke nwere mmiri dị elu karịa 250ram, ma otu oghere na-enweghị cellulose ether n'ozuzu enweghị afụ ma ọ bụ naanị obere obere egosipụta, na-egosi na cellulose ether nwere ụfọdụ mmetụta ikuku na-eme ka ọ dị nro. viscous. Ke adianade do, n'ihi na oké viscosity nke ngwa agha na ogbenye fluidity, ọ na-esiri ikuku egosipụta ka sere n'elu site onwe-arọ mmetụta nke slurry, ma a na-ejigide na ngwa agha, na mmetụta ya na ike enweghị ike ịbụ. leghaara anya.
Akụkụ II Nrụmọrụ Mortar Mechanical
1. N'ihi na elu fluidity ngwa agha, na-abawanye nke afọ, na-echipịakwa ruru nwere ọnọdụ elu; mgbakwunye nke HPMC nwere mmetụta dị ịrịba ama nke ibelata ike (mbelata nke ike mkpakọ bụ ihe doro anya), nke na-edugakwa n'ịkụpịa Mbelata nke oke, ya bụ, HPMC nwere enyemaka doro anya na-eme ka mma nke ngwa agha siri ike. N'ihe banyere ike ụbọchị atọ, uyi na-efe efe na ntụ ntụ nwere ike ime ntakịrị onyinye na ike na 10%, ebe ike na-ebelata na oke onunu ogwu, na nchikota nke nchikota na-abawanye na mmụba nke admixtures mineral; na ụbọchị asaa ike, Abụọ admixtures nwere obere mmetụta na ike, ma n'ozuzu mmetụta nke ofufe uyi ike Mbelata ka doro anya; n'ihe gbasara ike ụbọchị 28, admixtures abụọ ahụ enyela aka na ike, mkpakọ na ike mgbanwe. Ha abụọ na-abawanye ntakịrị, mana ọnụọgụ nrụgide ka na-abawanye site na mmụba nke ọdịnaya.
2. N'ihi na 28d compressive na mgbanwe ike nke bonded ngwa agha, mgbe admixture ọdịnaya bụ 20%, mkpakọ na flexural ike dị mma, na admixture ka na-eduga ná a obere mmụba na compressive-to-fold ratio, na-egosipụta ya. mmetụta na ngwa agha. Mmetụta ọjọọ nke siri ike; HPMC na-eduga na mbelata dị ukwuu na ike.
3. Banyere ike nkekọ nke bonded ngwa agha, HPMC nwere ụfọdụ mma mmetụta na nkekọ ike. Nyocha kwesịrị ịbụ na mmetụta njigide mmiri ya na-ebelata mfu mmiri na ngwa ngwa ma hụ na hydration zuru oke. Ike nkekọ jikọtara na admixture. Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti usoro onunu ogwu abụghị mgbe niile, na n'ozuzu arụmọrụ ka mma na ciment ngwa agha mgbe usoro onunu ogwu bụ 10%.
4. CMC adịghị mma maka ihe ciment nke dabeere na ciment, mmetụta njide mmiri ya abụghị ihe doro anya, ma n'otu oge ahụ, ọ na-eme ka ngwa ngwa na-agbaji; ebe HPMC nwere ike belata mkpakọ-na-n'ogige atụrụ nke ọma ma kwalite ịdị ike nke ngwa agha, mana ọ na-efunahụ mbelata dị ukwuu na ike mkpakọ.
5. Ihe omimi zuru oke na ike chọrọ, ọdịnaya HPMC nke 0.1% kwesịrị ekwesị. Mgbe a na-eji ash uzuoku mee ihe ma ọ bụ ngwa agha siri ike nke na-achọ ike ngwa ngwa na ike mmalite, usoro ọgwụgwọ ekwesịghị ịdị elu, yana usoro kachasị elu bụ ihe dịka 10%. Ihe achọrọ; na-atụle ihe ndị dị ka ụda olu dara ogbenye nke ịnweta ntụ ntụ na silica fume, ha kwesịrị ịchịkwa na 10% na n 3% n'otu n'otu. Mmetụta nke admixtures na cellulose ethers adịghị ejikọta ya na ya
nwee mmetụta onwe ya.
Akụkụ nke atọ N'ihe banyere ileghara mmekọrịta dị n'etiti admixtures, site na mkparịta ụka nke ọnụọgụ ọrụ nke ihe ndị na-emepụta mineral na ike nke Feret, a na-enweta mmetụta iwu nke otutu ihe na ike nke ihe (mortar):
1. Mineral Admixture Influence Coefficient
2. Mmetụta ọnụọgụ nke oriri mmiri
3. Mmetụta mmetụta nke mkpokọta mkpokọta
4. The n'ezie ntụnyere na-egosi na 28d ike amụma usoro nke ihe ka mma site ọrụ ọnụọgụgụ na Feret ike tiori bụ na ezi nkwekọrịta na n'ezie ọnọdụ, na ọ ga-eji na-eduzi nkwadebe nke ngwa agha na ihe.
6.2 erughị eru na atụmanya
Akwụkwọ a na-amụkarị ihe gbasara mmiri na ihe eji arụ ọrụ nke tapawa dị ọcha na ngwa agha nke sistemụ cementious ọnụọgụ abụọ. Mmetụta na mmetụta nke njikọta nke ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe dị iche iche dị mkpa ka a mụọkwuo ya. N'ime usoro nnwale, enwere ike iji ndagide ngwa ngwa na stratification. A na-amụ mmetụta nke cellulose ether na nkwụsi ike na njide mmiri nke ngwa agha site na ogo nke cellulose ether. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a ga-amụkwa microstructure nke ngwa agha n'okpuru ihe mejupụtara nke cellulose ether na mineral admixture.
Cellulose ether bụ ugbu a otu n'ime ihe ndị dị mkpa admixture akụrụngwa nke dị iche iche ngwa agha. Mmetụta njigide mmiri ya dị mma na-agbatị oge ọrụ nke ngwa agha ahụ, na-eme ka ngwa agha nwee thixotropy dị mma, ma na-eme ka ike nke ngwa agha dịkwuo mma. Ọ dị mma maka ihe owuwu; na ngwa nke ijiji ash na ịnweta ntụ ntụ dị ka ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ngwa agha nwekwara ike ịmepụta nnukwu uru akụ na ụba na gburugburu ebe obibi
Isi nke 1 Okwu Mmalite
1.1 ngwa agha ngwaahịa
1.1.1 Okwu mmalite nke ngwa agha azụmahịa
N'ime ụlọ ọrụ ihe owuwu nke obodo m, koncre enwetala ọkwa dị elu nke ịzụ ahịa, na ịzụ ahịa ngwa agha na-abawanye elu, ọkachasị maka ngwa agha pụrụ iche dị iche iche, ndị na-emepụta ihe nwere ikike teknụzụ dị elu chọrọ iji hụ na ngwa agha dị iche iche. Ihe ngosi arụmọrụ tozuru oke. A na-ekewa ngwa ngwa ahịa ahịa ụzọ abụọ: ngwa agha agwakọtara agwakọta na ngwa ngwa agwakọta akpọnwụ. Ngwa ngwa agwakọta agwakọta pụtara na a na-ebuga ngwa agha ahụ n'ebe a na-ewu ihe owuwu mgbe onye na-ebubata ya gwachara ya na mmiri n'ihu dị ka ihe a chọrọ si dị, ebe a na-eme ngwa ngwa agwakọta akọrọ site n'aka onye na-emepụta ngwa agha site na ịgwakọta nkụ na nkwakọ ngwaahịa cimentious. nchịkọta na mgbakwunye dị ka otu ruru. Tinye ụfọdụ mmiri na ebe a na-ewu ihe owuwu ma gwakọta ya tupu ejiri ya.
Ngwa agha ọdịnala nwere ọtụtụ adịghị ike na ojiji na arụmọrụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nchịkọta nke akụrụngwa na ịgwakọta na saịtị enweghị ike imezu ihe achọrọ maka owuwu mepere emepe na nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, n'ihi ọnọdụ ihe owuwu na saịtị na ihe ndị ọzọ, ọ dị mfe ime ka àgwà nke ngwa agha sie ike ikwe nkwa, ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịnweta arụmọrụ dị elu. ngwa agha. E jiri ya tụnyere ngwa agha ọdịnala, ngwa agha azụmahịa nwere ụfọdụ uru doro anya. Nke mbụ, àgwà ya dị mfe ijikwa ma kwe nkwa, arụmọrụ ya dị elu, a na-anụcha ụdị ya, yana ọ ka mma iji chọọ injinia. Ewupụtala ngwa agha agwakọta akọrọ nke Europe na 1950s, obodo m na-agbakwa mbọ ike itinye ngwa ngwa ngwa ahịa. Shanghai ejirila ngwa agha azụmahịa na 2004. Site na mmepe mmepe nke usoro ime obodo nke obodo m, ma ọ dịkarịa ala n'ahịa obodo, ọ ga-abụ ihe a na-apụghị izere ezere na ngwa agha azụmahịa nwere uru dị iche iche ga-eji dochie ngwa agha ọdịnala.
1.1.2Nsogbu dị na ngwa agha azụmahịa
Ọ bụ ezie na ngwa agha azụmahịa nwere ọtụtụ uru karịa ngwa agha ọdịnala, a ka nwere ọtụtụ ihe isi ike nka dị ka ngwa agha. Igwe mmiri dị elu dị elu, dị ka ngwa agha nkwado, ihe ndị na-esi na ciment, wdg, nwere nnukwu ihe a chọrọ maka ike na ịrụ ọrụ ọrụ, ya mere ojiji nke superplasticizers buru ibu, nke ga-eme ka ọbara ọgbụgba siri ike ma na-emetụta ngwa agha ahụ. arụmọrụ zuru oke; na ụfọdụ ngwa agha rọba, n'ihi na ha na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na mmiri na-efunahụ, ọ dị mfe ịnweta mbelata dị ukwuu na arụ ọrụ n'ihi nkwụsị mmiri n'ime obere oge mgbe agwakọtachara, na oge ọrụ dị mkpụmkpụ: Na mgbakwunye. , n'ihi na N'ihe nke bonding ngwa agha, na bonding matriks na-adịkarị akọrọ. N'oge usoro ihe owuwu ahụ, n'ihi enweghị ike nke ngwa agha iji jide mmiri, nnukwu mmiri ga-etinye aka na matriks, na-eme ka mmiri dị n'ime obodo nke ụrọ njikọ na hydration zuru ezu. Ihe ngosi na ike na-ebelata na ike nrapado na-ebelata.
Na nzaghachi nye ajụjụ ndị a dị n'elu, a na-eji ihe mgbakwunye dị mkpa, cellulose ether, mee ihe na ngwa ngwa. Dị ka ụdị etherified cellulose, cellulose ether nwere mmekọrita maka mmiri, na nke a polymer compound nwere magburu onwe mmiri absorption na mmiri njigide ikike, nke nwere ike ọma dozie ọbara ọgbụgba nke ngwa agha, obere ọrụ oge, stickiness, wdg Ezughi oke eriri ike na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. nsogbu.
Na mgbakwunye, admixtures dị ka ele mmadụ anya n'ihu dochie simenti, dị ka ofufe ash, granulated gbawara ọkụ slag ntụ ntụ (mineral ntụ ntụ), silica fume, wdg, ugbu a ọzọ na ndị ọzọ mkpa. Anyị maara na ọtụtụ n'ime admixtures bụ ngwaahịa sitere na ụlọ ọrụ dị ka ọkụ eletrik, nchara nchara, ferrosilicon na-agbaze na silicon ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Ọ bụrụ na enweghị ike iji ha mee ihe n'ụzọ zuru ezu, nchịkọta nke admixtures ga-ebi ma bibie nnukwu ala ma kpatara nnukwu mmebi. mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi. N'aka nke ọzọ, ọ bụrụ na a na-eji admixtures eme ihe n'ụzọ ezi uche dị na ya, a pụrụ imeziwanye ihe ụfọdụ nke ihe na ngwa ngwa, na ụfọdụ nsogbu injinịa na ntinye nke ihe na ngwa ngwa nwere ike dozie nke ọma. Ya mere, ngwa ngwa nke admixtures bara uru na gburugburu ebe obibi na ụlọ ọrụ. bara uru.
1.2Cellulose ethers
Cellulose ether (cellulose ether) bụ ngwakọta polymer nwere nhazi ether nke etherification nke cellulose mepụtara. Mgbanaka glucosyl ọ bụla na cellulose macromolecules nwere otu hydroxyl atọ, otu hydroxyl bụ isi na carbon carbon nke isii, otu hydroxyl nke abụọ na carbon carbon nke abụọ na nke atọ, na otu hydrocarbon nọchiri anya hydrogen na hydroxyl otu hydrocarbon iji mepụta cellulose ether. usoro. ihe. Cellulose bụ polyhydroxy polymer compound nke na-adịghị agbaze ma ọ bụ gbazee, ma cellulose nwere ike agbaze na mmiri, itughari alkali ngwọta na organic mgbaze mgbe etherification, na nwere a ụfọdụ thermoplasticity.
Cellulose ether na-ewere cellulose eke dị ka akụrụngwa ma kwadebere ya site na mgbanwe kemịkalụ. E kewara ya ụzọ abụọ: ionic na nke na-abụghị ionic n'ụdị ionized. A na-eji ya eme ihe na kemịkalụ, mmanụ ala, ihe owuwu, ọgwụ, ceramik na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ. .
1.2.1Nhazi nke cellulose ethers maka owuwu
Cellulose ether maka owuwu bụ okwu n'ozuzu maka usoro nke ngwaahịa na-emepụta site na mmeghachi omume nke cellulose alkali na etherifying n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ. Enwere ike nweta ụdị dị iche iche nke cellulose ethers site na dochie alkali cellulose na ihe dị iche iche etherifying.
1. Dị ka ionization Njirimara nke ndị na-anọchi anya, cellulose ethers nwere ike kewaa ụzọ abụọ: ionic (dị ka carboxymethyl cellulose) na-abụghị ionic (dị ka methyl cellulose).
2. Dị ka ụdị ndị na-anọchi anya, cellulose ethers nwere ike kewaa n'ime otu ethers (dị ka methyl cellulose) na ngwakọta ethers (dị ka hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose).
3. Dị ka dị iche iche solubility, ọ na-ekewa n'ime mmiri-soluble (dị ka hydroxyethyl cellulose) na organic mgbaze solubility (dị ka ethyl cellulose), wdg Isi ngwa ụdị ngwa akọrọ-agwakọta ngwa agha bụ mmiri-soluble cellulose, mgbe mmiri. -soluble cellulose Ọ na-ekewa n'ime ngwa ngwa ụdị na-egbu oge mgbasa ụdị mgbe elu ọgwụgwọ.
1.2.2 Nkọwa nke usoro nke cellulose ether na ngwa agha
Cellulose ether bụ isi ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị mma na-ejigide mmiri nke ngwa ngwa agwakọta akọrọ, na ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ihe ndị dị mkpa iji chọpụta ego nke ngwa ngwa agwakọta akọrọ.
1. Mgbe ether cellulose dị na ngwa agha gbazere na mmiri, ọrụ elu pụrụ iche na-eme ka a hụ na ihe ndị na-emepụta cementious na-eme ka ihe dị mma na-agbasasị n'ime usoro slurry, na cellulose ether, dị ka colloid nchebe, nwere ike "na-ekpuchi" ihe siri ike, ya mere. , A na-emepụta ihe nkiri na-egbuke egbuke n'elu elu, na ihe nkiri na-egbuke egbuke nwere ike ime ka anụ ahụ dị mma nwee thixotropy dị mma. Nke ahụ bụ, olu ahụ dị ntakịrị na ọnọdụ guzoro ọtọ, ọ gaghị enwekwa ihe ọjọọ dị ka ọbara ọgbụgba ma ọ bụ stratification nke ìhè na ihe dị arọ, nke na-eme ka usoro ngwa agha kwụsie ike; mgbe ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ ọgba aghara na-ewu ụlọ, cellulose ether ga-ekere òkè n'ibelata ncha nke slurry. Mmetụta nke nguzogide mgbanwe na-eme ka ngwa agha ahụ nwee ezigbo mmiri na ịdị nro n'oge a na-ewu n'oge usoro ngwakọta.
2. N'ihi njirimara nke usoro ihe omimi nke ya, ihe ngwọta cellulose ether nwere ike idobe mmiri ma ghara ịla n'iyi ngwa ngwa mgbe ejikọta ya na ngwa agha, a ga-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ hapụ ya ogologo oge, nke na-agbatị oge ọrụ nke ngwa agha ahụ. ma na-enye ngwa agha ahụ ezigbo njide mmiri na ịrụ ọrụ.
1.2.3 Ọtụtụ mkpa ihe owuwu ọkwa cellulose ethers
1. Methyl cellulose (MC)
Mgbe ejiri alkali mesoo owu a nụchara anụcha, a na-eji methyl chloride mee ihe na-eme ka ether na-emepụta cellulose ether site na usoro mmeghachi omume. The n'ozuzu nnọchi ogo bụ 1. Na-agbaze 2.0, ogo nke nnọchi dị iche na solubility dịkwa iche. Nke na-abụghị ionic cellulose ether.
2. Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)
A na-akwado ya site na imeghachi omume na ethylene oxide dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na ọnụnọ acetone mgbe ejiri alkali mesoo owu a nụchara anụcha. Ọkwa nke nnọchi bụ n'ozuzu 1.5 ka 2.0. Ọ nwere hydrophilicity siri ike ma dị mfe ịmịkọrọ mmiri.
3. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose bụ ụdị cellulose nke mmepụta na oriri ya na-abawanye ngwa ngwa n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya. Ọ bụ ihe na-abụghị ionic cellulose agwakọta ether mere si nụchara anụcha owu mgbe alkali ọgwụgwọ, na-eji propylene oxide na methyl chloride dị ka etherifying elekọta mmadụ, na site a usoro nke mmeghachi omume. Ọkwa nke nnọchi bụ n'ozuzu 1.2 ka 2.0. Ngwongwo ya na-adịgasị iche dabere n'oke ọdịnaya metoxyl na ọdịnaya hydroxypropyl.
4. Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
A na-akwado ionic cellulose ether site na eriri eke (owu, wdg) mgbe ọgwụgwọ alkali gasịrị, na-eji sodium monochloroacetate dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe, na site na usoro ọgwụgwọ mmeghachi omume. Ogo nke nnọchi n'ozuzu bụ 0.4–d. 4. Ọrụ ya na-emetụta nke ukwuu site na ogo nke nnọchi.
N'ime ha, ụdị nke atọ na nke anọ bụ ụdị cellulose abụọ ejiri mee nnwale a.
1.2.4 Ọnọdụ mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ cellulose ether
Mgbe ọtụtụ afọ nke mmepe gasịrị, ahịa cellulose ether na mba ndị mepere emepe etoola nke ukwuu, na ahịa na mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe ka na-eto eto, nke ga-abụ isi ihe na-akpali akpali maka uto nke cellulose ether oriri n'ọdịnihu. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ngụkọta ikike mmepụta nke cellulose ether zuru ụwa ọnụ karịrị 1 nde tọn, na Europe na-aza 35% nke ngụkọta oriri zuru ụwa ọnụ, Asia na North America sochiri. Carboxymethyl cellulose ether (CMC) bụ isi ndị na-azụ ahịa, na-aza 56% nke ngụkọta, sochiri methyl cellulose ether (MC/HPMC) na hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEC), na-aza 56% nke ngụkọta. 25% na 12%. Ụlọ ọrụ ether cellulose si mba ọzọ na-asọmpi nke ukwuu. Mgbe ọtụtụ njikọta gasịrị, a na-etinye aka na mmepụta ya n'ọtụtụ nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ, dị ka Dow Chemical Company na Hercules Company na United States, Akzo Nobel na Netherlands, Noviant na Finland na DAICEL na Japan, wdg.
obodo m bụ onye na-emepụta cellulose ether kasị ukwuu n'ụwa, na-enwe nkezi uto kwa afọ karịa 20%. Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ mmalite si kwuo, e nwere ihe dị ka ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta cellulose ether 50 na China. The e mere mmepụta ike nke cellulose ether ụlọ ọrụ agafeela 400,000 tọn, na e nwere banyere 20 ụlọ ọrụ na a ikike nke ihe karịrị 10,000 tọn, tumadi emi odude ke Shandong, Hebei, Chongqing na Jiangsu. , Zhejiang, Shanghai na ebe ndị ọzọ. N'afọ 2011, ikike mmepụta CMC nke China dị ihe dị ka tọn 300,000. N'ịbawanye ụbara maka cellulose ethers dị elu na ọgwụ, nri, kemịkalụ kwa ụbọchị na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ọchịchọ anụ ụlọ maka ngwaahịa cellulose ether ndị ọzọ karịa CMC na-abawanye. Nke buru ibu, ikike nke MC/HPMC bụ ihe dị ka tọn 120,000, na ikike nke HEC dị ihe dị ka tọn 20,000. PAC ka nọ na ọkwa nkwalite na ngwa na China. Site na mmepe nke nnukwu mmanụ dị n'ụsọ mmiri na mmepe nke ihe owuwu ụlọ, nri, kemịkalụ na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ, ọnụ ọgụgụ na ubi nke PAC na-abawanye ma na-amụba kwa afọ, na-enwe ike ịmepụta ihe karịrị 10,000 tọn.
1.3Nnyocha na ntinye nke cellulose ether na ngwa agha
Banyere nyocha ngwa injinia nke cellulose ether na ụlọ ọrụ ihe owuwu, ndị ọkà mmụta ụlọ na ndị mba ọzọ emeela ọtụtụ nyocha nyocha na nyocha usoro.
1.3.1Mkpebi dị mkpirikpi nke nchọpụta mba ọzọ na ntinye nke cellulose ether na ngwa agha
Laetitia Patural, Philippe Marchal na ndị ọzọ nọ na France rụtụrụ aka na cellulose ether nwere mmetụta dị ịrịba ama na njide mmiri nke ngwa agha, na nhazi nhazi bụ isi ihe, na ịdị arọ molecular bụ isi ihe na-achịkwa njide mmiri na nkwụsi ike. Site na mmụba nke ịdị arọ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, nrụgide mkpụrụ na-ebelata, nkwụsi ike na-abawanye, na arụmọrụ njigide mmiri na-abawanye; N'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, ogo ngbanwe nke molar (nke metụtara ọdịnaya nke hydroxyethyl ma ọ bụ hydroxypropyl) enwechaghị mmetụta na njide mmiri nke ngwa ngwa agwakọta akpọnwụ. Otú ọ dị, ethers cellulose nwere ogo molar dị ala nke ngbanwe emewo ka njigide mmiri dị mma.
Nkwubi okwu dị mkpa banyere usoro njide mmiri bụ na ihe ndị na-ahụ maka rheological nke ngwa agha ahụ dị oke egwu. Enwere ike ịhụ ya site na nsonaazụ ule na maka ngwa ngwa agwakọta akọrọ nke nwere oke ciment nke mmiri na ọdịnaya admixture, arụ ọrụ njide mmiri na-enwekarị otu oge dị ka nkwụsị ya. Otú ọ dị, maka ụfọdụ cellulose ethers, omume adịghị anya; na mgbakwunye, maka starch ethers, enwere ụkpụrụ dị iche. Viscosity nke ngwakọta ọhụrụ abụghị naanị oke maka ikpebi njide mmiri.
Laetitia Patural, Patrice Potion, et al., Site n'enyemaka nke gradient ubi pulsed na usoro MRI, chọpụtara na njem mmiri dị na interface nke ngwa agha na ihe ndị na-adịghị mma na-emetụta site na mgbakwunye nke obere CE. Ọnwụ nke mmiri bụ n'ihi mmetụta capillary kama mgbasa mmiri. Mbugharị mmiri site na mmetụta capillary na-achịkwa site na nrụgide micropore nke mkpụrụ, nke n'aka nke ya na-ekpebi site na nha micropore na Laplace theory interfacial stress, yana viscosity mmiri. Nke a na-egosi na rheological Njirimara nke CE aqueous ngwọta bụ isi ihe na-arụ ọrụ njigide mmiri. Otú ọ dị, echiche a megidere ụfọdụ nkwenye (ndị ọzọ tackifiers dị ka elu molecular polyethylene oxide na starch ethers adịghị irè dị ka CE).
Jean. Yves Petit, Erie Wirquin et al. ejiri cellulose ether mee ihe site na nnwale, na 2% ngwọta viscosity ya sitere na 5000 ruo 44500mpa. S sitere na MC na HEMC. Chọta:
1. Maka ego a kapịrị ọnụ nke CE, ụdị CE nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na viscosity nke ngwa nrapado maka taịlị. Nke a bụ n'ihi asọmpi dị n'etiti CE na ntụ ntụ polymer na-ekesa maka mgbasa nke akụkụ ciment.
2. Mgbasa ozi asọmpi nke CE na ntụ ntụ rubber nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na nhazi oge na spalling mgbe oge ihe owuwu bụ 20-30min.
3. A na-emetụta ike nkekọ site na ijikọta CE na ntụ ntụ roba. Mgbe ihe nkiri CE enweghị ike igbochi evaporation nke mmiri na interface nke tile na ngwa agha, nrapado n'okpuru ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ dị elu na-ebelata.
4. Ekwesịrị iburu n'uche nhazi na mmekọrịta nke CE na ntụ ntụ polymer na-ekesa mgbe ị na-emepụta oke nke ngwa ngwa nrapado maka taịlị.
Ụlọ ọrụ LschmitzC nke Germany. J. Dr. H (a) cker kwuru n'isiokwu ahụ na HPMC na HEMC na cellulose ether nwere oke ọrụ dị oke mkpa na njide mmiri na ngwa ngwa agwakọta akọrọ. Na mgbakwunye na ijide n'aka na nkwalite njigide mmiri nke cellulose ether, a na-atụ aro ka a na-eji cellulose ethers emezigharị na-emeziwanye ma na-emeziwanye ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke ngwa agha na ihe onwunwe nke akọrọ na nkụ siri ike.
1.3.2Mkpebi dị mkpirikpi nke nyocha ụlọ na ntinye nke cellulose ether na ngwa agha
Xin Quanchang si Xi'an University of Architecture na Technology mụrụ mmetụta nke dị iche iche polymers na ụfọdụ Njirimara nke bonding ngwa agha, na chọpụtara na ihe mejupụtara ojiji nke dispersible polymer ntụ ntụ na hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether nwere ike ọ bụghị nanị melite arụmọrụ nke bonding ngwa agha, ma. nwekwara ike belata akụkụ nke ọnụ ahịa; nsonaazụ ule na-egosi na mgbe a na-achịkwa ọdịnaya nke ntụ ntụ latex redispersible na 0.5%, na ọdịnaya nke hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether na-achịkwa na 0.2%, ngwa agha a kwadebere na-eguzogide ọgwụ na-ehulata. na ike njikọ na-apụta ìhè karị, ma nwee ezigbo mgbanwe na plasticity.
Prọfesọ Ma Baoguo si Wuhan University of Technology rụtụrụ aka na cellulose ether nwere doro anya retardation mmetụta, na nwere ike imetụta structural ụdị nke hydration ngwaahịa na pore Ọdịdị nke ciment slurry; cellulose ether bụ tumadi adsorbed n'elu simenti irighiri na-etolite a ụfọdụ mgbochi mmetụta. Ọ na-egbochi nucleation na uto nke ngwaahịa hydration; N'aka nke ọzọ, cellulose ether na-egbochi mbugharị na mgbasa nke ion n'ihi na viscosity doro anya na-abawanye mmetụta, si otú ahụ na-egbu oge hydration nke ciment ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ; cellulose ether nwere nkwụsi ike alkali.
Jian Shouwei nke Mahadum Teknụzụ nke Wuhan kwubiri na ọrụ CE na ngwa agha na-egosipụtakarị n'akụkụ atọ: ikike njide mmiri dị mma, mmetụta na ịdịgide ngwa ngwa na thixotropy, na mmezi nke rheology. CE ọ bụghị naanị na-enye ngwa agha arụmọrụ dị mma, kamakwa iji belata mmalite hydration okpomọkụ ntọhapụ nke ciment na-egbu oge hydration kinetic usoro nke ciment, n'ezie, dabere na dị iche iche ojiji ikpe nke ngwa agha, e nwekwara ọdịiche na ya arụmọrụ nwale ụzọ. .
A na-etinye ngwa ngwa CE gbanwetụrụ n'ụdị ngwa agha nke nwere obere oyi akwa kwa ụbọchị (dịka ihe nkedo brik, putty, plastering plastering, wdg). Ihe owuwu a pụrụ iche na-esonyere ya na mfu mmiri ngwa ngwa nke ngwa agha ahụ. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, nyocha bụ isi na-elekwasị anya na nrapado tile ihu, yana nyocha dị ntakịrị na ụdị akwa CE ndị ọzọ dị mkpa.
Su Lei sitere na Mahadum Teknụzụ nke Wuhan nwetara site na nyocha nnwale nke ọnụego njide mmiri, mfu mmiri na ịtọ oge nke ngwa agha ejiri cellulose ether gbanwee. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mmiri na-ebelata nke nta nke nta, na oge coagulation na-adị ogologo; mgbe oke mmiri ruru O. Mgbe 6% gasịrị, mgbanwe nke njide mmiri na mmiri na-efu adịghịzi egosi, na oge nhazi ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ okpukpu abụọ; na nyocha nnwale nke ike mkpakọ ya na-egosi na mgbe ọdịnaya nke cellulose ether dị ala karịa 0.8%, ọdịnaya nke cellulose ether bụ ihe na-erughị 0.8%. Mmụba ahụ ga-ebelata nke ukwuu ike mkpakọ; na n'ihe gbasara njikọta na-arụ ọrụ na bọọdụ ụrọ ciment, O. N'okpuru 7% nke ọdịnaya, mmụba nke ọdịnaya nke cellulose ether nwere ike imeziwanye ike njikọ.
Lai Jianqing nke Xiamen Hongye Engineering Construction Technology Co., Ltd. nyochara wee kwubie na ezigbo usoro onunu ogwu nke cellulose ether mgbe ị na-atụle ọnụ ọgụgụ njide mmiri na nkwụsịtụ index bụ 0 site n'usoro ule na ọnụego njide mmiri, ike na ike njikọ nke. EPS mkpuchi mkpuchi ọkụ. 2%; cellulose ether nwere mmetụta ikuku na-eme ka ikuku dị ike, nke ga-eme ka ike na-ebelata, karịsịa mbelata nke ike njikọ ike, ya mere a na-atụ aro ka iji ya na ntụ ntụ polymer redispersible.
Yuan Wei na Qin Min nke Xinjiang Building Materials Research Institute mere nnwale na ngwa nyocha nke cellulose ether n'ime kọmpụta nwere ụfụfụ. Nsonaazụ ule na-egosi na HPMC na-eme ka ọrụ njigide mmiri na-arụ ọrụ nke ụfụfụ ọhụrụ ma na-ebelata ọnụego mmiri nke mmiri ụfụfụ siri ike; HPMC nwere ike ibelata mbelata mfu nke ihe ọfụfụ ọhụrụ ma belata mmetụta nke ngwakọta na okpomọkụ. ; HPMC ga-ebelata mkpakọ ike nke ụfụfụ ihe. N'okpuru ọnọdụ ọgwụgwọ eke, ụfọdụ ego nke HPMC nwere ike melite ike nke ụdị ahụ ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ.
Li Yuhai nke Wacker Polymer Materials Co., Ltd. rụtụrụ aka na ụdị na ego nke latex ntụ ntụ, ụdị cellulose ether na ebe a na-agwọ ọrịa nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na mmetụta nkwụsị nke plastering mortar. Mmetụta nke cellulose ethers na ike mmetụta bụkwa ihe na-adịghị mma ma e jiri ya tụnyere ọdịnaya polymer na ọnọdụ ọgwụgwọ.
Yin Qingli nke AkzoNobel Specialty Chemicals (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. jiri Bermocoll PADl, nke a na-agbanwe agbanwe nke polystyrene board bonding cellulose ether, maka nnwale ahụ, nke dabara adaba maka ngwa agha njikọ nke usoro mkpuchi mgbidi EPS. Bermocoll PADl nwere ike imeziwanye ike njikọ dị n'etiti ngwa agha na osisi polystyrene na mgbakwunye na ọrụ niile nke ether cellulose. Ọbụlagodi na usoro onunu ogwu dị ala, ọ bụghị naanị na ọ ga-eme ka njigide mmiri na arụ ọrụ nke ngwa ngwa ọhụrụ, kamakwa ọ nwere ike melite ike njikọ mbụ na ike njikọ mmiri na-egbochi mmiri n'etiti ngwa agha na osisi polystyrene n'ihi anchoring pụrụ iche. teknụzụ. . Otú ọ dị, ọ nweghị ike imeziwanye mmetụta mgbochi nke ngwa agha na arụmọrụ njikọ na osisi polystyrene. Iji meziwanye ihe ndị a, ekwesịrị iji ntụ ntụ latex na-emegharị emegharị.
Wang Peiming sitere na Mahadum Tongji nyochara akụkọ mmepe nke ngwa agha azụmaahịa wee rụtụ aka na cellulose ether na latex ntụ ntụ nwere mmetụta na-adịghị emetụta na ngosipụta arụmọrụ dị ka njide mmiri, ike mgbanwe na mkpakọ, na modulus na-agbanwe nke ngwa agha ntụ ntụ akọrọ.
Zhang Lin na ndị ọzọ nke Shantou Special Economic Mpaghara Longhu Technology Co., Ltd. kwubiri na, na bonding ngwa agha nke gbasaa polystyrene osisi mkpa plasta mpụga mgbidi mpụga thermal mkpuchi usoro (ie Eqos usoro), ọ na-atụ aro na kacha ego. nke roba ntụ ntụ be 2.5% bụ oke; obere viscosity, cellulose ether gbanwetụrụ nke ukwuu na-enye aka dị ukwuu n'ịkwalite ike njikọ ike inyeaka nke ngwa agha siri ike.
Zhao Liqun nke Shanghai Institute of Building Research (Group) Co., Ltd. rụtụrụ aka n'isiokwu ahụ na cellulose ether nwere ike ime ka njigide mmiri nke ngwa agha dịkwuo mma, ma na-ebelata oke njupụta na ike mkpakọ nke ngwa agha, ma mee ka ọnọdụ ahụ dịkwuo ogologo. oge nke ngwa agha. N'okpuru otu usoro onunu ogwu, cellulose ether nke nwere nnukwu viscosity bara uru maka mmelite nke njigide mmiri nke ngwa agha, mana ike mkpakọ na-ebelata nke ukwuu na nhazi oge dị ogologo. ntụ ntụ na cellulose ether na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpochapụ nsị rọba nke ngwa ngwa site na ịkwalite njide mmiri nke ngwa agha.
Mahadum Fuzhou Huang Lipin et al mụrụ doping nke hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether na ethylene. Ngwongwo anụ ahụ na akụkụ nke akụkụ nke akụkụ nke igwe ciment gbanwetụrụ nke vinyl acetate copolymer latex ntụ ntụ. Achọpụtara na cellulose ether nwere ezigbo njide mmiri, nkwụsị mmiri na-eguzogide mmiri na mmetụta dị ịrịba ama nke ikuku, ebe ihe na-ebelata mmiri nke latex ntụ ntụ na imeziwanye ihe eji arụ ọrụ nke ngwa agha bụ nke a ma ama. Mmetụta mgbanwe; na enwere usoro onunu ogwu kwesịrị ekwesị n'etiti polymers.
Site na usoro nnwale, Chen Qian na ndị ọzọ sitere na Hubei Baoye Construction Industrialization Co., Ltd gosipụtara na ịgbatị oge na-akpali akpali na ịbawanye ọsọ na-akpali akpali nwere ike inye egwuregwu zuru oke maka ọrụ cellulose ether na ngwa agha agwakọta dị njikere, meziwanye arụ ọrụ nke ngwa agha, ma melite oge mkpali. Ọsọ dị mkpụmkpụ ma ọ bụ dị oke nwayọ ga-eme ka ngwa agha sie ike ịrụ; ịhọrọ ezigbo cellulose ether nwekwara ike imeziwanye ọrụ nke ngwa agha agwakọta dị njikere.
Li Sihan si Shenyang Jianzhu University na ndị ọzọ chọpụtara na ịnweta admixtures nwere ike ibelata akọrọ shrinkage deformation nke ngwa agha ma melite ya n'ibu Njirimara; oke nke wayo na ájá nwere mmetụta na n'ibu Njirimara na shrinkage ọnụego nke ngwa agha; polymer ntụ ntụ redispersible nwere ike melite ngwa agha. Mgbochi mgbawa, melite adhesion, ike mgbanwe, nchikota, mmetụta na-eguzogide na iyi ihe mgbochi, melite njide mmiri na ịrụ ọrụ; cellulose ether nwere mmetụta nke ikuku, nke nwere ike ime ka njigide mmiri nke ngwa agha dịkwuo mma; eriri osisi nwere ike imezi ngwa agha Mee ka ọ dị mfe iji, ịrụ ọrụ na ịrụ ọrụ mgbochi, ma mee ka ihe owuwu dị ngwa ngwa. Site n'ịgbakwụnye admixtures dị iche iche maka mgbanwe, na site n'ụzọ ezi uche dị na ya, ngwa agha na-eguzogide mgbawa maka mgbidi mgbidi dịpụrụ adịpụ na arụmọrụ dị mma nwere ike ịkwadebe.
Yang Lei nke Mahadum Henan nke teknụzụ jikọtara HEMC n'ime ngwa agha ahụ wee chọpụta na ọ nwere ọrụ abụọ nke njide mmiri na ịgbatị, nke na-egbochi kọmpụta nke ikuku na-agbanye ngwa ngwa na-amịkọrọ mmiri na ngwa ngwa plasta, ma hụ na ciment dị na ya. ngwa ngwa na-ejupụta hydrated, na-eme ka ngwa agha ahụ Nchikota na ihe aerated bụ denser na ike nkekọ dị elu; ọ nwere ike ibelata delamination nke plasta ngwa agha maka ihe aerated. Mgbe etinyere HEMC na ngwa agha ahụ, ike ngbanwe nke ngwa agha ahụ belatara ntakịrị, ebe ike mkpakọ na-ebelata nke ukwuu, na ntụgharị mpịakọta ọnụ na-egosi ọganihu elu, na-egosi na mgbakwunye na HEMC nwere ike imeziwanye ike nke ngwa agha ahụ.
Li Yanling na ndị ọzọ si Henan University of Technology chọpụtara na n'ibu Njirimara nke bonded ngwa agha na-mma ma e jiri ya tụnyere nkịtị ngwa agha, karịsịa njikọ ike nke ngwa agha, mgbe a gbakwụnye ogige admixture (ọdịnaya nke cellulose ether bụ 0,15%). Ọ dị okpukpu 2.33 karịa ngwa agha nkịtị.
Ma Baoguo sitere na Mahadum Teknụzụ Wuhan na ndị ọzọ mụrụ nsonaazụ nke usoro ọgwụgwọ dị iche iche nke styrene-acrylic emulsion, polymer powder dispersible, na hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether na oriri mmiri, ike njikọ na ike nke ngwa ngwa plasta dị nro. , chọpụtara na mgbe ọdịnaya nke styrene-acrylic emulsion bụ 4% ruo 6%, ike njikọ nke ngwa agha ruru uru kacha mma, na mkpakọ-mpịakọta ọnụ bụ nke kacha nta; ọdịnaya nke cellulose ether mụbara O. Na 4%, ike nkekọ nke ngwa agha ruru saturation, na mkpakọ-mpịakọta ruru bụ nke kasị nta; mgbe ọdịnaya nke ntụ ntụ roba bụ 3%, ike njikọ nke ngwa agha bụ ihe kacha mma, na nchịkọta mkpakọ na-ebelata na mgbakwunye nke ntụ ntụ roba. omume.
Li Qiao na ndị ọzọ nke Shantou Special Economic Zone Longhu Technology Co., Ltd. kwuru na isiokwu na ọrụ nke cellulose ether na ciment ngwa agha bụ mmiri njide, ndim, ikuku entrainment, retardation na mma nke tensile bond ike, wdg Ndị a. Ọrụ kwekọrọ na Mgbe ị na-enyocha ma na-ahọpụta MC, ndị na-egosi MC dị mkpa ka a tụlee gụnyere viscosity, ogo nke nnọchi etherification, ogo mgbanwe, nkwụsi ike ngwaahịa, ọdịnaya ihe dị irè, nha nha na akụkụ ndị ọzọ. Mgbe ị na-ahọrọ MC na ngwaahịa ngwa agha dị iche iche, a ga-etinyerịrị ihe achọrọ maka MC n'onwe ya dabere na iwu na ojiji nke ngwaahịa ngwa agha akọwapụtara, a ga-ahọrọ ụdị MC kwesịrị ekwesị yana ngwakọta na ihe ndị bụ isi nke MC.
Qiu Yongxia nke Beijing Wanbo Huijia Science and Trade Co., Ltd. chọpụtara na site na mmụba nke viscosity nke cellulose ether, ọnụ ọgụgụ njide mmiri nke ngwa agha mụbara; nke kacha mma nke cellulose ether, ka mma na-ejigide mmiri; Nke dị elu nke ọnụ ọgụgụ njide mmiri nke cellulose ether; njide mmiri nke cellulose ether na-ebelata na mmụba nke ngwa ngwa okpomọkụ.
Zhang Bin nke Mahadum Tongji na ndị ọzọ kwuru na akụkọ ahụ na njirimara ọrụ nke ngwa agha gbanwetụrụ nwere njikọ chiri anya na mmepe viscosity nke cellulose ethers, ọ bụghị na ethers cellulose nwere nnukwu viscosity dị elu nwere mmetụta doro anya na njirimara ọrụ, n'ihi na ha bụ na-emetụta urughuru size. , ọnụego mgbasa na ihe ndị ọzọ.
Zhou Xiao na ndị ọzọ sitere na Institute of Cultural Relics Protection Science and Technology, China Cultural Heritage Research Institute mụrụ onyinye nke ihe mgbakwunye abụọ, polymer rubber powder na cellulose ether, na ike nkekọ na NHL (hydraulic lime) ngwa agha usoro, wee chọpụta na. ndị dị mfe N'ihi oke shrinkage nke hydraulic lime, ọ nweghị ike ịmepụta ike nkwụsị zuru oke na ihe ngosi nkume. Ọnụ ego kwesịrị ekwesị nke polymer rubber powder na cellulose ether nwere ike imeziwanye ike njikọ nke NHL ngwa agha ma mezuo ihe ndị a chọrọ maka ihe nkwado omenala na ihe nchebe; iji gbochie Ọ nwere mmetụta na mmiri na-agbapụta mmiri na iku ume nke NHL ngwa agha n'onwe ya na ndakọrịta na ihe ndị omenala masonry. N'otu oge ahụ, na-atụle arụmọrụ mbụ nke njikọta nke NHL ngwa agha, ezigbo mgbakwunye ego nke polymer rubber powder dị n'okpuru 0.5% ruo 1%, na mgbakwunye nke cellulose ether A na-achịkwa ego ahụ na ihe dịka 0.2%.
Duan Pengxuan na ndị ọzọ si Beijing Institute of Building Materials Science mere abụọ onwe mere rheological testers na ndabere nke guzosie ike rheological nlereanya nke ọhụrụ ngwa agha, na mụụrụ rheological analysis nke nkịtị masonry ngwa agha, plasta ngwa agha na plasta gypsum ngwaahịa. A tụrụ denaturation ahụ, wee chọpụta na ether hydroxyethyl cellulose ether na hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether nwere mma mbido viscosity uru na viscosity mbelata arụmọrụ na oge na mmụba ọsọ, nke nwere ike ime ka ihe nkedo maka ụdị njikọ dị mma, thixotropy na nkwụsị nkwụsị.
Li Yanling nke Mahadum Teknụzụ Henan na ndị ọzọ chọpụtara na mgbakwunye nke cellulose ether na ngwa agha ahụ nwere ike imeziwanye ọrụ njide mmiri nke ngwa agha ahụ, si otú a na-ahụ na ọganihu nke ciment hydration. Ọ bụ ezie na mgbakwunye nke cellulose ether na-ebelata ike mgbanwe na ike mkpakọ nke ngwa agha ahụ, ọ ka na-eme ka ihe mgbagwoju anya-mmetụta na njikọ ike nke ngwa agha ahụ ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ.
1.4Nnyocha na ngwa nke admixtures na ngwa agha n'ụlọ na ná mba ọzọ
N'ebe a na-ewu ihe owuwu nke oge a, mmepụta na oriri nke simenti na ngwa agha dị ukwuu, na ọchịchọ maka ciment na-arịwanye elu. Mmepụta ciment bụ nnukwu ike oriri na ụlọ ọrụ mmetọ dị elu. Ịchekwa simenti dị oke mkpa iji chịkwaa ọnụ ahịa na ichekwa gburugburu ebe obibi. Dị ka a ele mmadụ anya n'ihu dochie ciment, ịnweta admixture nwere ike ọ bụghị nanị na-ebuli arụmọrụ nke ngwa agha na ihe, ma na-azọpụta a otutu ciment n'okpuru ọnọdụ nke ezi uche itinye n'ọrụ.
N'ime ụlọ ọrụ ihe owuwu ụlọ, ntinye nke admixtures dị nnọọ ukwuu. Ọtụtụ ụdị ciment nwere ọtụtụ ihe mgbakwunye ma ọ bụ karịa. N'ime ha, a na-agbakwunye ciment Portland nkịtị nke a na-ejikarị 5% na mmepụta. ~ 20% admixture. Na usoro mmepụta nke ngwa agha dị iche iche na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ntinye nke admixtures dị ọtụtụ.
N'ihi na ngwa nke admixtures na ngwa agha, ogologo oge na nnukwu nnyocha e mere n'ụlọ na ná mba ọzọ.
1.4.1Mkpebi dị mkpirikpi nke nchọpụta mba ọzọ banyere admixture etinyere na ngwa agha
P. Mahadum California. JM Momeiro Joe IJ K. Wang et al. chọpụtara na n'ime usoro hydration nke ihe gelling, gel adịghị aza nha nha nha, na ntinye nke ịnweta nwere ike ịgbanwe ihe mejupụtara gel hydrated, wee chọpụta na ọzịza nke gel na-ejikọta ya na divalent cations na gel. . Ọnụọgụ nke mbipụta gosipụtara nnukwu mmekọrịta adịghị mma.
Kevin J. nke United States. Folliard na Makoto Ohta et al. kwuru na mgbakwunye na silica fume na osikapa husk ash na ngwa agha nwere ike budata mma mkpakọ ike, mgbe mgbakwunye na nke iji uyi ebelata ike, karịsịa na mmalite ogbo.
Philippe Lawrence na Martin Cyr nke France chọpụtara na ọtụtụ ihe mgbakwunye ịnweta nwere ike imeziwanye ike ngwa agha n'okpuru usoro ọgwụgwọ kwesịrị ekwesị. Ọdịiche dị n'etiti ihe mgbakwunye ịnweta dị iche iche abụghị ihe doro anya na mmalite nke hydration. N'oge ikpeazụ nke hydration, mmụba ike agbakwunyere na-emetụta ọrụ nke ntinye nke ịnweta, na mmụba ike nke inert admixture kpatara enweghị ike iwere ya dị ka njuputa. mmetụta, ma ekwesịrị ịsị na mmetụta anụ ahụ nke multiphase nucleation.
Bulgaria ValIly0 Stoitchkov Stl Petar Abadjiev na ndị ọzọ chọpụtara na isi mmiri silica fume na ala-calcium ofufe uyi site anụ ahụ na n'ibu Njirimara nke ciment ngwa agha na ihe weere na-arụsi ọrụ ike pozzolanic admixtures, nke nwere ike melite ike ciment nkume. Uzuzu silica nwere mmetụta dị ịrịba ama na mmalite hydration nke ihe ciment, ebe akụkụ ash ash na-enwe mmetụta dị mkpa na hydration na-esote.
1.4.2Mkpebi dị mkpirikpi nke nyocha ụlọ na ntinye nke admixtures na ngwa agha
Site na nyocha nnwale, Zhong Shiyun na Xiang Keqin nke Mahadum Tongji chọpụtara na ngwa agha a na-agbanwe agbanwe nke ụfọdụ mma nke uyi ofufe na emulsion polyacrylate (PAE), mgbe edoziri oke poly-binder na 0.08, oke mpịachi nke mkpakọ. ngwa agha na-abawanye na mma na ọdịnaya nke ntụ ijiji na-ebelata na mmụba nke ntụ ijiji. A na-atụ aro na mgbakwunye nke ntụ ijiji nwere ike dozie nsogbu nke ọnụ ahịa dị elu nke na-eme ka mgbanwe nke ngwa agha dịkwuo elu site n'ịbawanye ọdịnaya nke polymer.
Wang Yinong nke Wuhan Iron na Steel Civil Construction Company amụwo ngwa ngwa na-arụ ọrụ dị elu, nke nwere ike melite arụmọrụ ngwa agha nke ọma, belata ogo nke delamination, ma melite ikike njikọ. Ọ dabara maka masonry na plasta nke aerated blocks. .
Chen Miaomiao na ndị ọzọ si Nanjing University of Technology mụrụ mmetụta nke abụọ Ịgwakọta ada uyi na ịnweta ntụ ntụ na akọrọ ngwa agha na-arụ ọrụ arụmọrụ na n'ibu Njirimara nke ngwa agha, na chọpụtara na mgbakwunye na nke abụọ admixtures bụghị nanị mma na-arụ ọrụ arụmọrụ na n'ibu Njirimara. nke ngwakọta. Ngwongwo anụ ahụ na arụ ọrụ nwekwara ike belata ọnụ ahịa nke ọma. Usoro kachasị mma nke a na-atụ aro bụ iji dochie 20% nke uyi ofufe na ịnweta ntụ ntụ n'otu n'otu, nha nke ngwa agha na ájá bụ 1: 3, na oke mmiri na ihe onwunwe bụ 0.16.
Zhuang Zihao nke Mahadum Teknụzụ nke South China doziri oke mmiri na-ekekọta mmiri, gbanwetụrụ bentonite, cellulose ether na ntụ ntụ rọba, wee mụọ njirimara nke ike ngwa agha, njigide mmiri na nkụchi nke ihe mgbakwunye ịnweta atọ, wee chọpụta na ọdịnaya admixture ruru. Na 50%, porosity na-abawanye nke ukwuu na ike na-ebelata, na akụkụ kachasị mma nke ihe mgbakwunye ịnweta atọ bụ 8% ntụ ntụ limestone, 30% slag, na 4% uyi ofufe, nke nwere ike nweta njigide mmiri. ọnụego, uru kacha mma nke ike.
Li Ying si Qinghai University duziri usoro nke ngwa agha ngwakọta na ịnweta admixtures, na kwubiri na nyochaa na ịnweta admixtures nwere ike ebuli nke abụọ urughuru gradation nke powders, na micro-ejuputa mmetụta na nke abụọ hydration nke admixtures nwere ike ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, compactness nke ngwa agha na-abawanye, si otú ahụ na-amụba ike ya.
Zhao Yujing nke Shanghai Baosteel New Building Materials Co., Ltd ji tiori nke mgbaji ike na mgbaji ike na-amụ mmetụta nke ịnweta admixtures na brittleness nke ihe. The ule na-egosi na ịnweta admixture nwere ike ubé melite mgbaji siri ike na mgbaji ike nke ngwa agha; n'ihe banyere otu ụdị admixture, ngbanwe nke 40% nke ihe mgbakwunye ịnweta bụ ihe kasị baa uru maka mgbawa siri ike na ike mgbaji.
Xu Guangsheng nke Mahadum Henan mere ka ọ pụta ìhè na mgbe akụkụ dị elu nke ntụ ntụ ịnweta bụ ihe na-erughị E350m2 / l [g, ọrụ ahụ dị ala, ike 3d bụ nanị banyere 30%, na 28d ike na-amalite na 0 ~ 90% ; ebe na 400m2 egusi g, ike 3d Ọ nwere ike ịdị nso na 50%, na ike 28d dị n'elu 95%. Site n'echiche nke isi ụkpụrụ nke rheology, dị ka nnwale analysis nke ngwa agha fluidity na eruba ọsọ, ọtụtụ nkwubi okwu na-adọta: ofufe uyi ọdịnaya n'okpuru 20% nwere ike n'ụzọ dị irè melite ngwa agha fluidity na eruba ọsọ, na ịnweta ntụ ntụ na Mgbe usoro onunu ogwu dị n'okpuru. 25%, mmiri mmiri nke ngwa agha nwere ike ịbawanye ma ọ na-ebelata ọnụego.
Prọfesọ Wang Dongmin nke Mahadum Ngwuputa na Nkà na ụzụ China na Prọfesọ Feng Lufeng nke Mahadum Shandong Jianzhu mere ka ọ pụta ìhè n'isiokwu ahụ na ihe bụ ihe dị n'usoro atọ site n'echiche nke ihe ndị mejupụtara, ya bụ ciment paste, aggregate, ciment paste na aggregate. Mpaghara mgbanwe interface ITZ ( Mpaghara Transition Mpaghara) na nkwụsị. ITZ bụ mpaghara mmiri bara ụba, mpaghara mmiri-ciment nke mpaghara dị oke oke, porosity mgbe hydration dị ukwuu, ọ ga-eme ka mmụba nke calcium hydroxide. Mpaghara a yikarịrị ka ọ ga-ebute mgbawa mbụ, ọ nwekwara ike ịkpata nchekasị. Ntinye uche na-ekpebi oke ike. Ọmụmụ ihe nyocha na-egosi na mgbakwunye nke admixtures nwere ike imeziwanye mmiri endocrine nke ọma na mpaghara mgbanwe interface, belata oke nke mpaghara ntụgharị ihu, ma melite ike.
Zhang Jianxin nke Mahadum Chongqing na ndị ọzọ chọpụtara na site na mgbanwe zuru oke nke methyl cellulose ether, polypropylene fiber, redispersible polymer powder, and admixtures, a pụrụ ịkwadebe ngwa agha plasta akọrọ-agwakọta nke nwere ezigbo arụmọrụ. Ngwa ngwa plasta na-eguzogide mgbawa agwakọtara agwakọta nwere ezigbo ọrụ, ike njikọ dị elu yana ezigbo nguzogide mgbape. Ogo nke ịgbà na mgbawa bụ nsogbu nkịtị.
Ren Chuanyao nke Mahadum Zhejiang na ndị ọzọ mụrụ mmetụta nke hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether na Njirimara nke ngwa agha ijiji, wee nyochaa mmekọrịta dị n'etiti njupụta mmiri na ike mkpakọ. Achọpụtara na ịgbakwụnye hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether n'ime ngwa agha ijiji nwere ike imeziwanye ọrụ njide mmiri nke ngwa agha, gbatịa oge njikọta nke ngwa agha, ma belata njupụta mmiri na ike mkpakọ nke ngwa agha. Enwere ezigbo njikọ n'etiti njupụta mmiri na ike mkpakọ 28d. N'okpuru ọnọdụ nke njupụta mmiri ama ama, enwere ike gbakọọ ike mkpakọ 28d site na iji usoro dabara adaba.
Prọfesọ Pang Lufeng na Chang Qingshan nke Shandong Jianzhu University ji edo imewe usoro na-amụ mmetụta nke atọ admixtures nke iji uyi, ịnweta ntụ ntụ na silica fume na ike nke ihe, na-etinye n'ihu a amụma usoro na ụfọdụ bara uru uru site regression. nyocha. , na akwadoro ike ya.
Ebumnuche na mkpa ọmụmụ a
Dị ka ihe dị mkpa na-ejigide mmiri mmiri, a na-eji cellulose ether eme ihe na nhazi nri, ngwa ngwa na mmepụta ihe na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ. Dị ka ihe dị mkpa admixture dị iche iche ngwa agha, a dịgasị iche iche nke cellulose ethers nwere ike budata ibelata ọbara ọgbụgba nke elu fluidity ngwa agha, welie thixotropy na-ewu ire ụtọ nke ngwa agha, na melite mmiri njigide ọrụ na njikọ ike nke ngwa agha.
Ngwa nke ntinye nke ịnweta ịnweta na-arịwanye elu nke ukwuu, nke ọ bụghị nanị na-edozi nsogbu nke nhazi ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke mmepụta ihe mmepụta ihe, na-azọpụta ala ma na-echebe gburugburu ebe obibi, ma ọ pụkwara ime ka ihe mkpofu ghọọ akụ ma mepụta uru.
Enweela ọtụtụ ọmụmụ banyere akụkụ nke ngwa agha abụọ ahụ n'ụlọ na ná mba ọzọ, ma ọ dịghị ọtụtụ nchọpụta nnwale na-ejikọta abụọ ahụ ọnụ. Ebumnuche nke akwụkwọ a bụ ịgwakọta ọtụtụ cellulose ethers na ịnweta admixtures n'ime ciment mado n'otu oge ahụ , akwa fluidity ngwa agha na plastic ngwa agha (na-ewere bonding ngwa agha dị ka ihe atụ), site na nyocha ule nke fluidity na dị iche iche n'ibu Njirimara. A na-achịkọta iwu mmetụta nke ụdị ngwa agha abụọ ahụ mgbe a na-ejikọta ihe ndị ahụ, nke ga-emetụta ether cellulose n'ọdịnihu. Na n'ihu ngwa nke ịnweta admixtures na-enye ụfọdụ ntụaka.
Tụkwasị na nke a, akwụkwọ a na-atụ aro usoro maka ịkọ ike nke ngwa agha na ihe ndị dabeere na FERET ike tiori na ọrụ ọnụọgụ nke ịnweta admixtures, nke nwere ike inye ụfọdụ ihe nduzi maka nhazi nhazi nhazi na ike amụma nke ngwa agha na ihe.
1.6Isi ihe nyocha nke akwụkwọ a
Isi ihe nyocha nke akwụkwọ a gụnyere:
1. Site n'ịgbakọta ọtụtụ cellulose ethers na ihe ndị dị iche iche ịnweta ịnweta, a na-eme nyocha banyere mmiri mmiri nke slurry dị ọcha na mmiri mmiri dị elu, na-achịkọta iwu mmetụta na ihe kpatara ya.
2. Site n'ịgbakwunye cellulose ethers na dị iche iche ịnweta admixtures na elu fluidity ngwa agha na bonding ngwa agha, inyocha ha mmetụta na compressive ike, flexural ike, mkpakọ-mpịakọta ruru na bonding ngwa agha nke elu fluidity ngwa agha na plastic ngwa agha Iwu nke mmetụta na tensile bond. ike.
3. Ejikọtara ya na tiori ike FERET na ọnụọgụ ọrụ nke ihe mgbakwunye ịnweta, a na-atụpụta usoro amụma ike maka ngwa ngwa na kọnkịta cementitious multi-component.
Isi nke 2 Nyocha nke akụrụngwa na akụrụngwa ha maka nnwale
2.1 Ihe nyocha
2.1.1 Simenti (C)
Nnwale ahụ jiri akara “Shanshui Dongyue” PO. 42.5 ciment.
2.1.2 Mineral ntụ ntụ (KF)
ahọpụtara ọkwa $95 granulated gbawara ọkụ slag ntụ ntụ sitere na Shandong Jinan Luxin New Building Materials Co., Ltd.
2.1.3 Fly Ash (FA)
A na-ahọrọ ọkwa II ijiji uyi nke Jinan Huangtai Power Plant mepụtara, ịdị mma (nke fọdụrụ nke oghere oghere square 459m) bụ 13%, na oke agụụ mmiri bụ 96%.
2.1.4 Silica fume (sF)
Silica fume na-anabata uzuzu silica nke Shanghai Aika Silica Fume Material Co., Ltd., njupụta ya bụ 2.59 / cm3; kpọmkwem n'elu ebe bụ 17500m2 / kg, na nkezi urughuru size bụ O. 1.～0.39m, 28d ọrụ index bụ 108%, mmiri chọrọ ruru 120%.
2.1.5 ntụ ntụ latex na-agbanwe agbanwe (JF)
The roba ntụ ntụ na-anabata Max redispersible latex ntụ ntụ 6070N (ụdị njikọ) si Gomez Chemical China Co., Ltd.
2.1.6 Cellulose ether (CE)
CMC nakweere ọkwa mkpuchi CMC sitere na Zibo Zou Yongning Chemical Co., Ltd., na HPMC na-anabata ụdị abụọ nke hydroxypropyl methylcellulose sitere na Gomez Chemical China Co., Ltd.
2.1.7 Mgbakwụnye ndị ọzọ
Nnukwu calcium carbonate, eriri osisi, ihe na-egbochi mmiri, calcium formate, wdg.
2.1.8 quartz ájá
Aja quartz nke igwe mere na-anabata ụdị ịdị mma anọ: 10-20 ntupu, 20-40 H, 40.70 ntupu na 70.140 H, njupụta bụ 2650 kg / rn3, na tojupụtara combustion bụ 1620 kg / m3.
2.1.9 Polycarboxylate superplasticizer ntụ ntụ (PC)
The polycarboxylate ntụ ntụ nke Suzhou Xingbang Chemical Building Materials Co., Ltd.) bụ 1J1030, na mmiri mbelata ọnụego bụ 30%.
2.1.10 aja (S)
A na-eji obere aja nke Dawen River na Tai'an eme ihe.
2.1.11 Nnukwu mkpokọta (G)
Jiri Jinan Ganggou mepụta nkume 5 ″ ~ 25 etipịara.
2.2 Usoro ule
2.2.1 Usoro nnwale maka slurry fluidity
Ngwa ule: NJ. 160 ụdị ciment slurry mixer, nke Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd mepụtara.
A na-agbakọ usoro ule na nsonaazụ ya dabere na usoro nnwale maka ịdị nro nke tapawa ciment na mgbakwunye A nke “Nkọwa nka nka GB 50119.2003 maka ngwa nke ihe mgbakwunye ihe” ma ọ bụ ((GB/T8077-2000 Test Method for Homogeneousness of Concrete Admixtures) .
2.2.2 Usoro nnwale maka mmiri mmiri nke ngwa agha mmiri dị elu
Ngwa ule: JJ. Ụdị igwekota igwe simenti 5, nke Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd mepụtara;
TYE-2000B igwe na-enyocha ngwa agha mkpakọ, nke Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd mepụtara;
TYE-300B igwe na-ehulata ngwa agha, nke Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd mepụtara.
Usoro nchọpụta mmiri nke Mortar dabere na “JC. T 986-2005 ciment dabeere grouting ihe" na "GB 50119-2003 Nka na ụzụ nkọwa maka Ngwa nke Concrete Admixtures" Ihe mgbakwunye A, size nke cone anwụ na-eji, elu bụ 60mm, n'ime dayameta nke elu ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri bụ 70mm , dayameta dị n'ime nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị ala bụ 100mm, na mpụta nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị ala bụ 120mm, na mkpokọta akọrọ nke ngwa agha ekwesịghị ịbụ ihe na-erughị 2000g oge ọ bụla.
Nsonaazụ ule nke mmiri mmiri abụọ ahụ kwesịrị iburu nkezi uru nke ụzọ kwụ ọtọ abụọ dị ka nsonaazụ ikpeazụ.
2.2.3 Usoro nnwale maka ike njigide tensile nke ngwa agha jikọtara
Akụrụngwa nnwale: WDL. Ụdị 5 electronic eluigwe na ala ule igwe, mepụtara Tianjin Gangyuan Instrument Factory.
A ga-emejuputa atumatu ule maka ike njigide tensile site na ngalaba 10 nke (JGJ/T70.2009 Standard for Test Test for Basic Properties of Building Mortars.
Isi nke 3. Mmetụta nke cellulose ether na mado dị ọcha na ngwa agha nke ọnụọgụ abụọ cementitious ihe dị iche iche ịnweta admixtures.
Mmetụta Liquidity
Isiakwụkwọ a na-enyocha ọtụtụ cellulose ethers na ngwakọta mineral site n'ịnwale ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke multi-larịị dị ọcha simenti dabeere slurries na ngwa agha na ọnụọgụ abụọ cementitious usoro slurries na ngwa agha dị iche iche ịnweta admixtures na ha fluidity na ọnwụ na oge. Iwu mmetụta nke compound ojiji nke ihe na fluidity nke dị ọcha slurry na ngwa agha, na mmetụta nke dị iche iche ihe na-achịkọta na nyochaa.
3.1 Ndepụta nke protocol nnwale
N'ihi mmetụta nke cellulose ether na arụ ọrụ nke sistemu ciment dị ọcha na sistemụ ciment dị iche iche, anyị na-amụkarị n'ụdị abụọ:
1. puree. Ọ nwere uru nke nsinammuo, ọrụ dị mfe na nke ziri ezi dị elu, ọ dịkwa mma maka nchọpụta mgbanwe nke admixtures dị ka cellulose ether na ihe gelling, na ọdịiche pụtara ìhè.
2. Igwe mmiri mmiri dị elu. Inweta ọnọdụ dị elu na-asọ asọ bụkwa maka ịdị mma nke nha na nleba anya. N'ebe a, a na-achịkwa ngbanwe nke ọnọdụ ntụgharị ntụaka site na superplasticizers na-arụ ọrụ dị elu. Iji belata njehie ule, anyị na-eji polycarboxylate onye na-ebelata mmiri nke nwere nnukwu mgbanwe na ciment, nke na-enwe mmetụta na okpomọkụ, na okpomọkụ nke ule kwesịrị ịchịkwa ya nke ọma.
3.2 Mmetụta mmetụta nke cellulose ether na fluidity nke dị ọcha ciment mado
3.2.1 Atụmatụ ule maka mmetụta nke cellulose ether na fluidity nke dị ọcha ciment mado
N'ịchọ mmetụta nke cellulose ether na mmiri mmiri nke slurry dị ọcha, a na-ebu ụzọ jiri ciment slurry dị ọcha nke otu akụkụ cementitious usoro ihe eji eme ihe iji hụ mmetụta ahụ. Ndekọ ntụaka bụ isi ebe a na-anakwere nchọpụta ihe omimi kachasị.
A na-atụle ihe ndị a ka ọ na-emetụta ngagharị:
1. Ụdị cellulose ethers
2. Cellulose ether ọdịnaya
3. Slurry oge ezumike
N'ebe a, anyị doziri ọdịnaya PC nke ntụ ntụ na 0.2%. A na-eji otu atọ na otu anọ nke ule maka ụdị cellulose ethers atọ (carboxymethylcellulose sodium CMC, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC). Maka sodium carboxymethyl cellulose CMC, usoro onunu ogwu nke 0%, O. 10%, O. 2%, ya bụ Og, 0.39, 0.69 (ọnụọgụ ciment na ule ọ bụla bụ 3009). , maka hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether, usoro onunu ogwu bụ 0%, O. 05%, O. 10%, O. 15%, ya bụ 09, 0.159, 0.39, 0.459.
3.2.2 Nsonaazụ ule na nyocha nke mmetụta nke cellulose ether na mmiri nke cement ciment dị ọcha.
(1) Nsonaazụ nyocha nke mmiri mmiri nke cement ciment dị ọcha gwakọtara na CMC
Nyocha nke nsonaazụ ule:
1. Ngosipụta ngagharị:
N'ịtụle ndị otu atọ ahụ na otu oge guzoro, n'ihe gbasara mmiri mmiri mbụ, na mgbakwunye nke CMC, mmiri mmiri mbụ na-ebelata ntakịrị; mmiri mmiri nke ọkara awa belatara nke ukwuu site na usoro onunu ogwu, tumadi n'ihi mmiri mmiri nke ọkara awa nke otu oghere. Ọ bụ 20mm buru ibu karịa nke mbụ (nke a nwere ike ime site na nkwụsịtụ nke ntụ ntụ PC): -IJ, mmiri mmiri na-ebelata ntakịrị na 0.1% onunu ogwu, ma na-abawanye ọzọ na 0.2% onunu ogwu.
N'ịtụle otu atọ ahụ na otu usoro onunu ogwu, mmiri mmiri nke otu oghere bụ nke kachasị n'ime ọkara otu awa, ma belata n'ime otu awa (nke a nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi na mgbe otu awa gasịrị, akụkụ ciment pụtara ọzọ hydration na adhesion). N'etiti urughuru ihe owuwu e na mbụ, na slurry pụtara ọzọ condensation; mmiri mmiri nke C1 na C2 dị iche iche na-ebelata ntakịrị n'ime ọkara elekere, na-egosi na ntinye mmiri nke CMC nwere mmetụta ụfọdụ na steeti ahụ; mgbe na ọdịnaya nke C2, enwere mmụba dị ukwuu n'ime otu awa, na-egosi na ọdịnaya nke mmetụta nke retardation mmetụta nke CMC na-achịkwa.
2. Ntụle nkọwa nke ihe atụ:
Enwere ike ịhụ na mmụba nke ọdịnaya nke CMC, ihe omume nke ịchacha na-amalite ịpụta, na-egosi na CMC nwere mmetụta ụfọdụ n'ịbawanye viscosity nke cement ciment, na mmetụta nke ikuku nke CMC na-eme ka ọgbọ. ikuku egosipụta.
(2) Nsonaazụ nnwale nke mmiri simenti dị ọcha agwakọta ya na HPMC (viscosity 100,000)
Nyocha nke nsonaazụ ule:
1. Ngosipụta ngagharị:
Site na eserese ahịrị nke mmetụta nke oge guzoro na fluidity, enwere ike ịhụ na mmiri dị n'ime ọkara elekere dị ntakịrị ma e jiri ya tụnyere nke mbụ na otu awa, yana mmụba nke ọdịnaya nke HPMC, ọnọdụ ahụ na-ebelata. N'ozuzu, ọnwụ nke fluidity adịghị nnukwu, na-egosi na HPMC nwere doro anya njigide mmiri na slurry, na nwere ụfọdụ retarding mmetụta.
Enwere ike ịhụ site na nleba anya na mmiri mmiri na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na ọdịnaya nke HPMC. N'ime nnwale nnwale, ka ọdịnaya nke HPMC na-abawanye, ka mmiri na-adị ntakịrị. Ọ na-esi ike iji mejupụta cone fluidity n'onwe ya n'okpuru otu mmiri ahụ. Enwere ike ịhụ na mgbe agbakwunyere HPMC, ụkọ mmiri na-egbu egbu nke oge na-adịghị adị maka slurry dị ọcha.
2. Ntụle nkọwa nke ihe atụ:
Otu oghere nwere ihe na-agba ọbara, enwere ike ịhụ ya site na mgbanwe dị nkọ nke mmiri mmiri na usoro onunu ogwu na HPMC nwere njigide mmiri siri ike na mmetụta dị arọ karịa CMC, ma na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'iwepụ ihe ngosi ọbara ọgbụgba. E kwesịghị ịghọta nnukwu ikuku ikuku dị ka mmetụta nke ikuku ikuku. N'ezie, mgbe viscosity na-abawanye, ikuku agwakọtara n'oge usoro mkpali enweghị ike ịkụnye n'ime obere ikuku ikuku n'ihi na slurry dị oke viscous.
(3) Nsonaazụ nnwale nke mmiri simenti dị ọcha agwakọta ya na HPMC (viscosity nke 150,000)
Nyocha nke nsonaazụ ule:
1. Ngosipụta ngagharị:
Site na eserese ahịrị nke mmetụta nke ọdịnaya nke HPMC (150,000) na mmiri mmiri, mmetụta nke mgbanwe nke ọdịnaya na mmiri mmiri na-apụta ìhè karịa nke 100,000 HPMC, na-egosi na mmụba nke viscosity nke HPMC ga-ebelata. na fluidity.
N'ihe banyere nleba anya, dị ka n'ozuzu mgbanwe nke mgbanwe nke fluidity na oge, ọkara-hour retarding mmetụta nke HPMC (150,000) doro anya, mgbe mmetụta nke -4, dị njọ karịa nke HPMC (100,000). .
2. Ntụle nkọwa nke ihe atụ:
Enwere ọbara ọgbụgba n'ime otu oghere. Ihe mere e ji kpụchaa efere ahụ bụ n'ihi na mmiri-ciment ruru nke slurry nke ala na-adị ntakịrị mgbe ọbara ọgbụgba gasịrị, na slurry dị oke ma sie ike ịchacha na efere iko. Mgbakwunye HPMC rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'iwepụ ihe na-agba ọbara. Site na mmụba nke ọdịnaya, obere obere obere egosipụta na mbụ wee pụta nnukwu egosipụta. Otu ihe kpatara ya bụ obere egosipụta. N'otu aka ahụ, a ghaghị ịghọta nnukwu afụ dị ka mmetụta nke ntinye ikuku. N'ezie, mgbe viscosity na-abawanye, ikuku agwakọtara n'oge usoro mkpali dị oke viscous na enweghị ike ịfefe site na slurry.
3.3 Mmetụta mmetụta nke cellulose ether na fluidity nke dị ọcha slurry nke multi-component ihe ciment.
Nkebi a na-enyochakarị mmetụta nke ngwakọta nke ọtụtụ admixtures na ethers cellulose atọ (carboxymethyl cellulose sodium CMC, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC) na fluidity nke pulp.
N'otu aka ahụ, a na-eji otu atọ na otu anọ nke ule maka ụdị cellulose ethers atọ (carboxymethylcellulose sodium CMC, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC). Maka sodium carboxymethyl cellulose CMC, usoro onunu ogwu nke 0%, 0.10%, na 0.2%, ya bụ 0g, 0.3g, na 0.6g (usoro ciment maka ule ọ bụla bụ 300g). Maka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether, usoro onunu ogwu bụ 0%, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, ya bụ 0g, 0.15g, 0.3g, 0.45g. A na-achịkwa ọdịnaya PC nke ntụ ntụ na 0.2%.
A na-edochi uzuzu uzuzu na slag na ịnweta admixture site na otu ego nke usoro ngwakọta nke ime, na ọkwa ngwakọta bụ 10%, 20% na 30%, ya bụ, ego ngbanwe bụ 30g, 60g na 90g. Otú ọ dị, n'ịtụle mmetụta nke ọrụ dị elu, shrinkage, na steeti, a na-achịkwa ọdịnaya silica fume na 3%, 6%, na 9%, ya bụ, 9g, 18g, na 27g.
3.3.1 Nnwale atụmatụ maka mmetụta nke cellulose ether na fluidity nke dị ọcha slurry nke ọnụọgụ abụọ cementious ihe.
(1) Nnwale atụmatụ maka mmiri mmiri nke ihe cementitious ọnụọgụ abụọ jikọtara ya na CMC na ihe mgbakwunye ịnweta dị iche iche..
(2) Nnwale atụmatụ maka mmiri nke ọnụọgụ abụọ cementious ihe agwakọta na HPMC (viscosity 100,000) na dị iche iche ịnweta admixtures..
(3) Nnwale atụmatụ maka mmiri nke ọnụọgụ abụọ cementious ihe agwakọta na HPMC (viscosity nke 150,000) na dị iche iche ịnweta admixtures..
3.3.2 Nsonaazụ ule na nyocha nke mmetụta nke cellulose ether na mmiri nke ihe cementious ọtụtụ akụkụ.
(1) Nsonaazụ nnwale izizi nke ọnụọgụ abụọ cementitious ihe dị ọcha slurry agwakọta ya na CMC yana ihe mgbakwunye ịnweta dị iche iche..
Enwere ike ịhụ site na nke a na mgbakwunye nke ntụ ijiji nwere ike ịbawanye mmiri mbụ nke slurry nke ọma, ọ na-agbasawanye na mmụba nke ọdịnaya uji. N'otu oge ahụ, mgbe ọdịnaya nke CMC na-abawanye, mmiri mmiri na-ebelata ntakịrị, na njedebe kachasị bụ 20mm.
Enwere ike ịhụ na mmiri mbụ nke slurry dị ọcha nwere ike ịbawanye na obere dose nke ịnweta ntụ ntụ, na mmelite nke mmiri adịghịzi egosi mgbe usoro onunu ogwu dị n'elu 20%. N'otu oge ahụ, ọnụọgụ CMC dị na O. Na 1%, mmiri mmiri dị elu.
Enwere ike ịhụ site na nke a na ọdịnaya nke silica fume n'ozuzu na-enwe mmetụta dị njọ na mmalite mmalite nke slurry. N'otu oge ahụ, CMC belatara ntakịrị mmiri mmiri.
Nsonaazụ nyocha mmiri nke ọkara awa nke ihe cementitious ọnụọgụ abụọ dị ọcha agwakọta ya na CMC yana ihe mgbakwunye ịnweta dị iche iche..
Ọ nwere ike ịhụ na mmelite nke fluidity nke ada uyi maka ọkara otu awa bụ dịtụ irè na ala onunu ogwu, ma ọ pụkwara ịbụ n'ihi na ọ bụ nso eruba ịgba nke dị ọcha slurry. N'otu oge ahụ, CMC ka nwere obere mbelata nke mmiri.
Tụkwasị na nke a, atụnyere mmiri mmiri nke mbụ na ọkara awa, a pụrụ ịchọpụta na ọtụtụ uyi ofufe na-aba uru iji chịkwaa nkwụsị nke mmiri mmiri n'oge.
Enwere ike ịhụ site na nke a na ngụkọta nke ịnweta ntụ ntụ enweghị mmetụta doro anya na-adịghị mma na mmiri nke slurry dị ọcha maka ọkara otu awa, na mgbe niile adịghị ike. N'otu oge ahụ, mmetụta nke CMC ọdịnaya na fluidity na ọkara awa abụghị ihe doro anya, ma mmelite nke 20% ịnweta ntụ ntụ nnọchi otu doro anya.
Enwere ike ịhụ na mmetụta ọjọọ nke mmiri mmiri nke slurry dị ọcha na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke silica fume maka ọkara otu awa bụ ihe doro anya karịa nke mbụ, karịsịa mmetụta dị na nso nke 6% ruo 9% doro anya. N'otu oge ahụ, mbelata nke ọdịnaya CMC na mmiri mmiri dị ihe dị ka 30mm, nke dị ukwuu karịa mbelata ọdịnaya CMC na mbụ.
(2) Nsonaazụ nnwale izizi nke ọnụọgụ cementitious ihe dị ọcha slurry agwakọta ya na HPMC (viscosity 100,000) yana ihe mgbakwunye ịnweta dị iche iche.
Site na nke a, enwere ike ịhụ na mmetụta nke ntụ ntụ na mmiri mmiri na-apụta ìhè nke ọma, ma a na-ahụ ya n'ule na uyi ofufe enweghị mmetụta ọ bụla na-emewanyewanye nke ọma na ọbara ọgbụgba. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, mbelata mmetụta nke HPMC na mmiri mmiri doro anya (karịsịa na 0.1% ruo 0.15% nke oke onunu ogwu, mbelata kachasị elu nwere ike iru karịa 50mm).
Enwere ike ịhụ na ntụ ntụ ịnweta nwere mmetụta dị nta na mmiri mmiri, ọ dịghịkwa eme ka ọbara ọgbụgba dịkwuo mma. Na mgbakwunye, mbelata mmetụta nke HPMC na fluidity ruru 60mm na nso nke 0.1%～0.15% nke oke onunu ogwu.
Site na nke a, a pụrụ ịhụ na mbelata nke mmiri mmiri nke silica fume na-apụta ìhè na nnukwu usoro onunu ogwu, na mgbakwunye, uzuzu silica nwere mmetụta nkwalite doro anya na ọbara ọgbụgba na ule. N'otu oge ahụ, HPMC nwere mmetụta doro anya na mbelata nke mmiri mmiri (karịsịa n'ụdị dị elu nke usoro onunu ogwu (0.1% ruo 0.15%). ọzọ The admixture na-eme dị ka ihe inyeaka obere ukpụhọde.
Enwere ike ịhụ na, n'ozuzu, mmetụta nke admixtures atọ na mmiri mmiri dị ka uru mbụ. Mgbe uzuzu silica dị na ọdịnaya dị elu nke 9% na ọdịnaya HPMC bụ O. N'ihe banyere 15%, ihe ahụ na-enweghị ike ịnakọta data ahụ n'ihi ọnọdụ adịghị mma nke slurry siri ike ijupụta cone ebu. , na-egosi na viscosity nke silica fume na HPMC mụbara nke ukwuu na elu dosages. Tụnyere CMC, mmetụta na-abawanye viscosity nke HPMC pụtara ìhè.
(3) Nsonaazụ nnwale izizi nke ọnụọgụ cementitious ihe dị ọcha slurry agwakọta ya na HPMC (viscosity 100,000) yana ihe mgbakwunye ịnweta dị iche iche.
Site na nke a, enwere ike ịhụ na HPMC (150,000) na HPMC (100,000) nwere mmetụta yiri nke ahụ na slurry, mana HPMC nwere viscosity dị elu nwere ntakịrị mbelata nke mmiri mmiri, mana ọ bụghị ihe doro anya, nke kwesịrị metụtara mgbasa. nke HPMC. Ọsọ ahụ nwere njikọ ụfọdụ. N'etiti admixtures, mmetụta nke ada uyi ọdịnaya na fluidity nke slurry bụ isi linear na nti, na 30% nke ọdịnaya nwere ike dịkwuo fluidity site 20,-,30mm; Mmetụta ahụ abụghị ihe doro anya, na mmetụta mmelite ya na ọbara ọgbụgba dị oke; ọbụlagodi n'obere usoro onunu ogwu nke na-erughị 10%, uzuzu silica nwere mmetụta pụtara ìhè n'ibelata ọbara ọgbụgba, na ebe elu ya kpọmkwem dị ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ okpukpu abụọ karịa nke simenti. n'usoro nke ịdị ukwuu, mmetụta nke mgbasa ya nke mmiri na njem dị oke mkpa.
N'okwu, n'ụdị dịgasị iche iche nke usoro onunu ogwu, ihe ndị na-emetụta mmiri mmiri nke slurry, usoro onunu ogwu nke silica fume na HPMC bụ isi ihe, ma ọ bụ nchịkwa nke ọbara ọgbụgba ma ọ bụ nchịkwa nke steeti eruba, ọ bụ ya. ọzọ doro anya, ndị ọzọ Mmetụta nke admixtures bụ nke abụọ ma na-arụ ọrụ mmezi inyeaka.
Akụkụ nke atọ chịkọta mmetụta nke HPMC (150,000) na admixtures na fluidity nke pulp dị ọcha na ọkara elekere, nke na-adịkarị ka iwu mmetụta nke uru mbụ. Enwere ike ịchọta na mmụba nke uyi ijiji na mmiri nke slurry dị ọcha maka ọkara otu awa bụ ntakịrị ihe doro anya karịa mmụba nke mmiri mbụ, mmetụta nke slag ntụ ntụ ka na-apụtaghị ìhè, na mmetụta nke silica fume ọdịnaya na fluidity. ka doro anya. Na mgbakwunye, n'ihe gbasara ọdịnaya nke HPMC, enwere ọtụtụ ihe ịtụnanya na-enweghị ike ịwụpụ na ọdịnaya dị elu, na-egosi na usoro ọgwụgwọ O. 15% nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n'ịbawanye viscosity na ibelata mmiri mmiri, yana n'ihe gbasara mmiri mmiri maka ọkara. otu awa, ma e jiri ya tụnyere nke mbụ uru, slag otu O. The fluidity nke 05% HPMC ebelata doro anya.
N'ihe gbasara mfu nke mmiri na-egbu oge ka oge na-aga, ntinye nke silica fume nwere mmetụta dịtụ ukwuu na ya, tumadi n'ihi na uzuzu silica nwere nnukwu mma, ọrụ dị elu, mmeghachi omume ngwa ngwa, na ike siri ike ịmịkọrọ mmiri, na-eme ka ọ dị nro. fluidity na-eguzo oge. Iji.
3.4 Nnwale na mmetụta nke cellulose ether na mmiri mmiri nke simenti dị ọcha nke dabeere na nnukwu mmiri mmiri.
3.4.1 Atụmatụ ule maka mmetụta nke cellulose ether na mmiri mmiri nke simenti dị ọcha nke dabeere na nnukwu mmiri mmiri.
Jiri ngwa agha mmiri dị elu hụ mmetụta ya na ịrụ ọrụ. Ndekọ ntụaka bụ isi ebe a bụ nnwale mmiri mmiri nke mbụ na ọkara awa.
A na-atụle ihe ndị a ka ọ na-emetụta ngagharị:
1 ụdị cellulose ethers,
2 dose nke cellulose ether,
3 Mortar eguzo oge
3.4.2 Nsonaazụ na nyocha nke mmetụta nke cellulose ether na mmiri mmiri nke simenti dị ọcha nke dabeere na nnukwu mmiri mmiri.
(1) Nnwale nyocha nke mmiri simenti dị ọcha gwakọtara na CMC
Nchịkọta na nyocha nke nsonaazụ ule:
1. Ngosipụta ngagharị:
N'ịtụle ndị otu atọ ahụ na otu oge guzoro, n'ihe gbasara mmiri mmiri mbụ, na mgbakwunye nke CMC, mmiri mmiri mbụ ahụ belatara ntakịrị, na mgbe ọdịnaya ruru O. Na 15%, enwere mbelata doro anya; ọnụ ọgụgụ na-ebelata nke mmiri mmiri na mmụba nke ọdịnaya na ọkara elekere yiri uru mbụ.
2. Akara:
N'ikwu okwu n'ụzọ doro anya, ma e jiri ya tụnyere slurry dị ọcha, ntinye nke mkpokọta na ngwa ngwa na-eme ka ọ dịrị mfe itinye ikuku ikuku n'ime slurry, na igbochi mmetụta nke mkpokọta na oghere ọbara ọgbụgba ga-emekwa ka ọ dị mfe maka ikuku ikuku ma ọ bụ ọbara ọgbụgba. N'ime slurry, ya mere, ikuku afụ ọdịnaya na nha nke ngwa agha kwesịrị ịdị ukwuu ma buru ibu karịa nke slurry dị mma. N'aka nke ọzọ, enwere ike ịhụ na mmụba nke ọdịnaya nke CMC, mmiri mmiri na-ebelata, na-egosi na CMC nwere mmetụta siri ike na ngwa agha ahụ, na nyocha mmiri nke ọkara awa na-egosi na afụ na-ejupụta n'elu. ntakịrị mmụba. , nke bụkwa ihe ngosi nke nkwụsi ike na-arị elu, na mgbe nhazi ahụ rutere n'ókè ụfọdụ, afụ ga-esi ike ijupụta, ọ dịghịkwa ihe ngosi doro anya ga-ahụ n'elu.
(2) Nsonaazụ nnwale nke mmiri simenti dị ọcha gwakọtara na HPMC (100,000)
Nyocha nke nsonaazụ ule:
1. Ngosipụta ngagharị:
Enwere ike ịhụ site na ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ na mmụba nke ọdịnaya nke HPMC, mmiri mmiri na-ebelata nke ukwuu. E jiri ya tụnyere CMC, HPMC nwere mmetụta na-agbasi ike karị. Mmetụta na njide mmiri ka mma. Site na 0.05% ruo 0.1%, mgbanwe mgbanwe mgbanwe nke mmiri na-apụta ìhè karị, na site na O. Mgbe 1% gasịrị, ọ bụghị mgbanwe mbụ ma ọ bụ ọkara awa na mmiri mmiri dị oke.
2. Ntụle nkọwa nke ihe atụ:
Enwere ike ịhụ site na tebụl na ọnụ ọgụgụ na ọ dịghị ihe ọ bụla na-egosipụta na ìgwè abụọ nke Mh2 na Mh3, na-egosi na viscosity nke otu abụọ ahụ adịlarị nke ukwuu, na-egbochi oke nke afụ na slurry.
(3) Nsonaazụ nnwale nke mmiri simenti dị ọcha gwakọtara yana HPMC (150,000)
Nyocha nke nsonaazụ ule:
1. Ngosipụta ngagharị:
N'ịtụle otu dị iche iche nwere otu oge guzoro, ihe a na-emekarị bụ na ma mmiri mbụ na nke ọkara awa na-ebelata na mmụba nke ọdịnaya nke HPMC, na mbelata na-apụta ìhè karịa nke HPMC nwere viscosity nke 100,000, na-egosi na mmụba nke viscosity nke HPMC na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo elu. The ndim mmetụta na-ewusi ike, ma na O. Mmetụta nke onunu ogwu n'okpuru 05% bụ ihe doro anya, na fluidity nwere a dịtụ nnukwu mgbanwe na nso nke 0,05% ka 0,1%, na omume bụ ọzọ na nso nke 0,1% maka 0.15%. Jiri nwayọọ, ma ọ bụ ọbụna kwụsị ịgbanwe. N'ịtụle ụkpụrụ ọnwụ nke ọkara-hour (mmiri mmiri mbụ na ọkara elekere) nke HPMC nwere viscosities abụọ, enwere ike ịhụ na HPMC nwere viscosity dị elu nwere ike belata uru ọnwụ ya, na-egosi na njide mmiri ya na ịtọlite nkwụghachi mmetụta bụ. mma karịa nke ala viscosity.
2. Ntụle nkọwa nke ihe atụ:
N'ihe gbasara ịchịkwa ọbara ọgbụgba, HPMC abụọ ahụ nwere ntakịrị ọdịiche dị na ya, ha abụọ nwere ike ijigide mmiri nke ọma ma gbasaa, wepụ mmetụta ọjọọ nke ọbara ọgbụgba, ma n'otu oge ahụ na-ekwe ka afụ na-asọpụta nke ọma.
3.5 Nnwale na mmetụta nke cellulose ether na fluidity nke elu fluidity ngwa agha nke dị iche iche simenti ihe onwunwe usoro.
3.5.1 Atụmatụ ule maka mmetụta nke cellulose ethers na mmiri mmiri nke nnukwu mmiri mmiri nke dị iche iche simenti ihe onwunwe usoro.
A ka na-eji ngwa agha mmiri dị elu mee ihe iji hụ mmetụta ya na mmiri mmiri. Ihe nrịba ama bụ isi bụ nchọpụta mmiri mmiri nke mbido na ọkara awa.
(1) Nnwale atụmatụ nke mmiri mmiri ngwa ngwa na ihe cementitious ọnụọgụ abụọ jikọtara ya na CMC na ihe mgbakwunye ịnweta dị iche iche.
(2) Nnwale atụmatụ nke ngwa agha fluidity na HPMC (viscosity 100,000) na ọnụọgụ abụọ cementitious ihe dị iche iche ịnweta admixtures.
(3) Test atụmatụ nke ngwa agha fluidity na HPMC (viscosity 150,000) na ọnụọgụ abụọ cementitious ihe dị iche iche ịnweta admixtures.
3.5.2 Mmetụta nke cellulose ether na fluidity nke nnukwu mmiri mmiri ngwa agha na ọnụọgụ abụọ cementitious ihe onwunwe usoro nke dị iche iche ịnweta admixtures Nyocha ule na nyocha.
(1) Nsonaazụ nnwale izizi nke ụrọ cementitious ọnụọgụ abụọ jikọtara ya na CMC yana admixtures dị iche iche.
Site na nsonaazụ ule nke mbido mmiri mbụ, enwere ike kwubie na mgbakwunye nke uyi ijiji nwere ike imeziwanye mmiri nke ngwa agha; mgbe ọdịnaya nke ịnweta ntụ ntụ bụ 10%, mmiri mmiri nke ngwa agha nwere ike ime ka ọ dịkwuo mma; na silica fume nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na mmiri mmiri , karịsịa na nso nke 6% ~ 9% mgbanwe ọdịnaya, na-eme ka mbelata nke mmiri dị ihe dị ka 90mm.
N'ime ìgwè abụọ nke ntụ ntụ na ịnweta ntụ ntụ, CMC na-ebelata mmiri mmiri nke ngwa agha ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, ebe n'ime ìgwè silica fume, O. Mmụba nke ọdịnaya CMC n'elu 1% anaghịzi emetụta mmiri mmiri nke ngwa agha.
Nsonaazụ nyocha mmiri nke ọkara awa nke ụrọ cementitious ọnụọgụ abụọ jikọtara ya na CMC yana admixtures dị iche iche.
Site na nyocha nke nyocha nke mmiri na ọkara elekere, enwere ike kwubie na mmetụta nke ọdịnaya nke admixture na CMC yiri nke mbụ, ma ọdịnaya nke CMC na mineral ntụ ntụ na-agbanwe site na O. 1% gaa na O. O. Mgbanwe 2% ka ukwuu, na 30mm.
N'ihe gbasara mfu nke mmiri na-aga n'ihu n'oge, uyi ofufe nwere mmetụta nke ibelata ọnwụ ahụ, ebe ịnweta ntụ ntụ na silica fume ga-abawanye uru ọnwụ n'okpuru nnukwu usoro onunu ogwu. Usoro 9% nke silica fume na-emekwa ka a ghara ijupụta n'onwe ya. , A pụghị ịlele mmiri mmiri nke ọma.
(2) Nsonaazụ nnwale izizi nke ụrọ cementitious ọnụọgụ abụọ jikọtara ya na HPMC (viscosity 100,000) yana admixtures dị iche iche.
Nnwale ule mmiri nke ọkara awa nke ụrọ cementitious ọnụọgụ abụọ jikọtara ya na HPMC (viscosity 100,000) yana ụdị admixtures dị iche iche.
Ọ ka nwere ike kwubiri site nnwale na mgbakwunye na nke ada uyi nwere ike ubé melite fluidity nke ngwa agha; mgbe ọdịnaya nke ịnweta ntụ ntụ bụ 10%, mmiri mmiri nke ngwa agha nwere ike ime ka ọ dịkwuo mma; Usoro onunu ogwu a na-enwe mmetụta nke ukwuu, na otu HPMC nwere oke onunu ogwu na 9% nwere ntụpọ nwuru anwu, mmiri mmiri na-apụkwa n'anya.
Ọdịnaya nke cellulose ether na silica fume bụkwa ihe kacha pụta ìhè na-emetụta mmiri nke ngwa agha. O doro anya na mmetụta HPMC karịrị nke CMC. Admixtures ndị ọzọ nwere ike imeziwanye mfu nke fluidity ka oge na-aga.
(3) Nsonaazụ nnwale izizi nke ụrọ cementitious ọnụọgụ abụọ jikọtara ya na HPMC (viscosity nke 150,000) yana admixtures dị iche iche.
Nsonaazụ mmiri mmiri nke ọkara awa nke ụrọ cementitious ọnụọgụ abụọ jikọtara ya na HPMC (viscosity 150,000) yana ụdị admixtures dị iche iche.
Ọ ka nwere ike kwubiri site nnwale na mgbakwunye na nke ada uyi nwere ike ubé melite fluidity nke ngwa agha; mgbe ọdịnaya nke ịnweta ntụ ntụ bụ 10%, mmiri mmiri nke ngwa agha nwere ike ime ka ọ dịkwuo mma: silica fume ka na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma n'ịdozi ihe na-agba ọbara, ebe Fluidity bụ mmetụta dị njọ, ma ọ dị irè karịa mmetụta ya na slurries dị ọcha. .
Ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke nwụrụ anwụ tụrụ pụtara n'okpuru nnukwu ọdịnaya nke cellulose ether (karịsịa na tebụl nke ọkara-hour fluidity), na-egosi na HPMC nwere mmetụta dị ịrịba ama na mbenata fluidity nke ngwa agha, na ịnweta ntụ ntụ na ofufe uyi nwere ike melite ọnwụ. nke fluidity ka oge na-aga.
3.5 Nchịkọta Isi
1. N'ịtụle n'ụzọ zuru ezu ule fluidity nke ciment mado dị ọcha jikọtara ya na cellulose ethers atọ, a pụrụ ịhụ na.
1. CMC nwere ụfọdụ retarding na ikuku-entraning mmetụta, na-adịghị ike mmiri njide, na ụfọdụ ọnwụ na-oge.
2. Mmetụta njide mmiri nke HPMC doro anya, ọ na-enwekwa mmetụta dị ukwuu na steeti ahụ, na mmiri mmiri na-ebelata nke ukwuu na mmụba nke ọdịnaya. O nwere ụfọdụ mmetụta na-eme ka ikuku na-eme ka ọ dị elu, na ihe na-eme ka ọ pụta ìhè. 15% ga-eme ka nnukwu afụ na slurry, nke ga-emebi ike. Site na mmụba nke viscosity HPMC, mfu nke slurry fluidity na-adabere na oge mụbara, mana ọ bụghị nke doro anya.
2. Comprehensively tụnyere slurry fluidity ule nke ọnụọgụ abụọ gelling usoro nke dị iche iche ịnweta admixtures weere na atọ cellulose ethers, ọ pụrụ ịhụ na:
1. Iwu mmetụta nke atọ cellulose ethers na fluidity nke slurry nke ọnụọgụ abụọ cementity usoro nke dị iche iche ịnweta admixtures nwere àgwà yiri mmetụta iwu nke fluidity nke dị ọcha ciment slurry. CMC nwere mmetụta dị nta n'ịchịkwa ọbara ọgbụgba, ma nwee mmetụta na-adịghị ike na mbenata mmiri mmiri; ụdị abụọ nke HPMC nwere ike ịbawanye viscosity nke slurry ma belata mmiri mmiri nke ukwuu, na nke nwere viscosity dị elu nwere mmetụta doro anya karị.
2. N'etiti admixtures, uyi uzuzu nwere ụfọdụ ogo mma na mmalite na ọkara awa fluidity nke dị ọcha slurry, na ọdịnaya nke 30% nwere ike mụbaa site banyere 30mm; mmetụta nke ịnweta ntụ ntụ na fluidity nke dị ọcha slurry enweghị ihe doro anya mgbe niile; silicon Ọ bụ ezie na ọdịnaya nke ash dị ala, ya pụrụ iche ultra-fineness, ngwa ngwa mmeghachi omume, na ike adsorption na-eme ka ọ dị ịrịba ama ibelata fluidity nke slurry, karịsịa mgbe 0.15% HPMC na-agbakwunyere, a ga-enwe cone ebu na-apụghị iju. Ihe ngosi.
3. N'ịchịkwa ọbara ọgbụgba, uyi ofufe na ntụ ntụ adịghị pụta ìhè, na silica fume nwere ike ibelata ọnụ ọgụgụ ọbara ọgbụgba.
4. N'ihe banyere ọnwụ nke ọkara awa nke mmiri mmiri, uru efu nke uyi ofufe dị ntakịrị, na uru ọnwụ nke otu na-ejikọta uzuzu silica dị ukwuu.
5. N'ihe dị iche iche dị iche iche nke ọdịnaya, ihe ndị na-emetụta mmiri mmiri nke slurry, ọdịnaya nke HPMC na fume silica bụ ihe ndị bụ isi, ma ọ bụ nchịkwa nke ọbara ọgbụgba ma ọ bụ nchịkwa nke ọnọdụ na-asọpụta, ọ bụ ya. dịtụ doro anya. Mmetụta nke ịnweta ntụ ntụ na ịnweta ntụ ntụ bụ nke abụọ, ma na-arụ ọrụ mmezi inyeaka.
3. N'ịtụle n'ụzọ zuru ezu ule fluidity nke ngwa ngwa ciment dị ọcha jikọtara ya na cellulose ethers atọ, a pụrụ ịhụ na.
1. Mgbe agbakwunyere cellulose ethers atọ, a kpochapụrụ ihe na-agba ọbara nke ọma, na mmiri nke ngwa agha na-ebelata n'ozuzu ya. Ụfọdụ ndim, mmetụta njigide mmiri. CMC nwere ụfọdụ nkwụghachi azụ na mmetụta ikuku ikuku, njide mmiri na-adịghị ike, na ụfọdụ mfu n'ime oge.
2. Mgbe agbakwunyere CMC, ọnwụ nke mmiri mmiri mmiri na-abawanye na oge, nke nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi na CMC bụ ionic cellulose ether, nke dị mfe ịmepụta mmiri ozuzo na Ca2 + na ciment.
3. Ntụle nke cellulose ethers atọ na-egosi na CMC na-enwe mmetụta dị nta na mmiri mmiri, na ụdị abụọ nke HPMC na-ebelata mmiri mmiri nke ngwa agha na ọdịnaya nke 1/1000, na nke nwere elu viscosity dị ntakịrị karịa. doro anya.
4. Thedị atọ nke cellulose ethers nwere ụfọdụ ikuku-entraining mmetụta, nke ga-eme ka elu egosipụta na-erubiga ókè, ma mgbe ọdịnaya nke HPMC ruru ihe karịrị 0.1%, n'ihi na elu viscosity nke slurry, na egosipụta na-anọgide na n'ime. slurry na enweghị ike ijubiga ókè.
5. Mmetụta njide mmiri nke HPMC doro anya, nke nwere mmetụta dị ịrịba ama na ọnọdụ nke ngwakọta ahụ, na mmiri mmiri na-ebelata nke ukwuu na mmụba nke ọdịnaya, na ihe siri ike doro anya.
4. Comprehensively tụnyere fluidity ule nke multiple ịnweta admixture ọnụọgụ abụọ cementitious ihe weere na atọ cellulose ethers.
Dị ka a pụrụ ịhụ:
1. Iwu mmetụta nke atọ cellulose ethers na fluidity nke multi-component cementitious ihe ngwa agha yiri iwu mmetụta na fluidity nke dị ọcha slurry. CMC nwere mmetụta dị nta n'ịchịkwa ọbara ọgbụgba, ma nwee mmetụta na-adịghị ike na mbenata mmiri mmiri; Ụdị abụọ nke HPMC nwere ike ịbawanye viscosity nke ngwa agha ma belata mmiri mmiri nke ọma, na nke nwere viscosity dị elu nwere mmetụta doro anya karị.
2. N'etiti admixtures, ofufe uyi nwere ụfọdụ ogo nke mma na mbụ na ọkara awa fluidity nke dị ọcha slurry; mmetụta nke slag ntụ ntụ na fluidity nke slurry dị ọcha enweghị oge doro anya; ọ bụ ezie na ọdịnaya nke silica fume dị ala, ya The pụrụ iche ultra-fineness, ngwa ngwa mmeghachi omume na ike adsorption na-eme ka ọ na-enwe nnukwu mbelata mmetụta na fluidity nke slurry. Otú ọ dị, e jiri ya tụnyere ule ule nke paste dị ọcha, a na-achọpụta na mmetụta nke admixtures na-ada mbà.
3. N'ịchịkwa ọbara ọgbụgba, uyi ofufe na ntụ ntụ adịghị pụta ìhè, na silica fume nwere ike ibelata ọnụ ọgụgụ ọbara ọgbụgba.
4. N'ime ụdị dịgasị iche iche nke usoro onunu ogwu, ihe ndị na-emetụta mmiri mmiri nke ngwa agha, usoro ọgwụgwọ nke HPMC na silica fume bụ ihe ndị bụ isi, ma ọ bụ nchịkwa nke ọbara ọgbụgba ma ọ bụ nchịkwa nke ọnọdụ na-asọpụta, ọ bụ karịa. doro anya, silica fume 9% Mgbe ọdịnaya nke HPMC bụ 0.15%, ọ dị mfe ime ka ihe ndochi ahụ sie ike iji mejupụta, na mmetụta nke admixtures ndị ọzọ bụ nke abụọ ma na-arụ ọrụ mmezi inyeaka.
5. A ga-enwe afụ n'elu ngwa ngwa nke nwere mmiri mmiri karịa 250mm, ma otu oghere na-enweghị cellulose ether n'ozuzu enweghị afụ ma ọ bụ naanị obere obere egosipụta, na-egosi na cellulose ether nwere ụfọdụ ikuku-entraining. mmetụta ma na-eme ka slurry viscous. Ke adianade do, n'ihi na oké viscosity nke ngwa agha na ogbenye fluidity, ọ na-esiri ikuku egosipụta ka sere n'elu site onwe-arọ mmetụta nke slurry, ma a na-ejigide na ngwa agha, na mmetụta ya na ike enweghị ike ịbụ. leghaara anya.
Isi nke 4 Mmetụta nke Cellulose Ethers na Mechanical Njirimara nke Mortar
Isi nke gara aga na-amụ mmetụta nke ijikọ ọnụ nke cellulose ether na ihe dị iche iche nke ịnweta ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị ọcha na mmiri mmiri dị ọcha. Isiakwụkwọ a na-enyochakarị ijikọta ojiji nke cellulose ether na admixtures dị iche iche na ngwa ngwa mmiri dị elu na mmetụta nke ike mkpakọ na ike mgbanwe nke ngwa agha njikọta, yana mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ike njikọ nke ike nke ụrọ njikọ na cellulose ether na ịnweta ịnweta. A na-achịkọtakwa admixtures ma nyochaa ya.
Dị ka nnyocha e mere na-arụ ọrụ nke cellulose ether na simenti dabeere ihe onwunwe nke dị ọcha mado na ngwa agha n'Isi nke 3, na akụkụ nke ike ule, ọdịnaya nke cellulose ether bụ 0,1%.
4.1 Nnwale ike mkpakọ na mgbanwe nke ngwa agha dị elu
Achọpụtara ike mkpakọ na mgbanwe nke ihe mgbakwunye ịnweta na cellulose ethers dị na ngwa ngwa infusion dị elu.
4.1.1 Nnwale mmetụta na mkpakọ na ike mgbanwe nke ciment dị ọcha nke nwere nnukwu mmiri mmiri.
A na-eduzi mmetụta nke ụdị cellulose ethers atọ na mkpakọ ma na-agbanwe agbanwe nke simenti dị ọcha nke dabeere na mmiri mmiri dị elu na afọ dị iche iche na ọdịnaya edozi nke 0.1% ebe a.
Ntụle ike mmalite: N'ihe gbasara ike mgbanwe, CMC nwere mmetụta na-ewusi ike, ebe HPMC nwere mmetụta mbelata ụfọdụ; n'ihe gbasara ike mkpakọ, ntinye nke cellulose ether nwere iwu yiri ya na ike mgbanwe; viscosity nke HPMC na-emetụta ike abụọ ahụ. Ọ nwere mmetụta dị nta: n'ihe gbasara nrụgide-fold ratio, ihe atọ cellulose ethers nwere ike ibelata nrụgide-fold ratio nke ọma ma welie mgbanwe nke ngwa agha. N'ime ha, HPMC nwere viscosity nke 150,000 nwere mmetụta doro anya.
(2) rịzọlt ntụle ike ụbọchị asaa
Nyocha ike ụbọchị asaa: N'ihe gbasara ike mgbanwe na ike mkpakọ, e nwere iwu yiri nke ike ụbọchị atọ. E jiri ya tụnyere ụbọchị atọ nke nrụgide-mpịakọta, enwere ntakịrị mmụba na ike mpịachi. Otú ọ dị, ntụnyere nke data nke otu afọ oge nwere ike ịhụ mmetụta nke HPMC na mbelata nke nrụgide-mpịakọta ruru. dịtụ doro anya.
(3) ụbọchị iri abụọ na asatọ ike ntụnyere nsonaazụ ule
Nyocha ike ụbọchị iri abụọ na asatọ: N'ihe gbasara ike mgbanwe na ike mkpakọ, e nwere iwu ndị yiri ya na ike ụbọchị atọ. Ike mgbanwe na-abawanye nwayọọ nwayọọ, na ike mkpakọ ka na-abawanye ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ. Ntụnyere data nke otu oge afọ na-egosi na HPMC nwere mmetụta pụtara ìhè karịa n'ịkwalite oke mkpakọ-mpịakọta.
Dị ka ule ike nke ngalaba a si dị, a na-achọpụta na mmụba nke brittleness nke ngwa agha na-ejedebe site na CMC, na mgbe ụfọdụ mkpakọ-na-fold ratio na-abawanye, na-eme ka ngwa agha na-agbajikwa. N'otu oge ahụ, ebe ọ bụ na mmetụta njide mmiri dị n'ozuzu karịa nke HPMC, cellulose ether anyị na-atụle maka ule ike ebe a bụ HPMC nke viscosities abụọ. Ọ bụ ezie na HPMC nwere mmetụta ụfọdụ na ibelata ike (karịsịa maka ike mbụ), ọ bara uru iji belata mkpakọ-refraction ruru, nke bara uru na ike nke ngwa agha. Tụkwasị na nke a, jikọtara ya na ihe ndị na-emetụta mmiri mmiri n'Isi nke 3, na-amụ banyere ngwakọta nke admixtures na CE N'ime ule nke mmetụta, anyị ga-eji HPMC (100,000) dị ka kwekọrọ CE.
4.1.2 Mmetụta mmetụta nke mkpakọ na ike mgbanwe nke ịnweta admixture akwa mmiri mmiri.
Dị ka ule nke fluidity nke dị ọcha slurry na ngwa agha gwakọtara na admixtures na mbụ isi, ọ pụrụ ịhụ na fluidity nke silica fume bụ doro anya deteriorated ruru ka nnukwu mmiri ina, ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwere ike theoretically melite njupụta na ike ka. n'ókè ụfọdụ. , karịsịa ike mkpakọ, ma ọ dị mfe ime ka mkpakọ-na-fold ruru nke ukwuu, nke na-eme ka ngwa agha brittleness atụmatụ dị ịrịba ama, na ọ bụ nkwenye na silica uzuzu na-abawanye shrinkage nke ngwa agha. N'otu oge ahụ, n'ihi enweghị skeleton shrinkage nke keadighi rarii mkpokọta, shrinkage uru nke ngwa agha bụ dịtụ nnukwu n'ihe metụtara kọnkịrị. Maka ngwa agha (ọkachasị ngwa ngwa pụrụ iche dị ka ngwa ngwa njikọ na plasta), ihe kacha njọ na-abụkarị mbelata. Maka mgbawa nke mmiri na-efunahụ, ike anaghị abụkarị ihe kacha mkpa. Ya mere, a na-atụfu silica fume dị ka admixture, na naanị iji uyi na ịnweta ntụ ntụ na-eji chọpụta mmetụta nke ihe mejupụtara ya na cellulose ether na ike.
4.1.2.1 Atụmatụ ule mkpakọ na mgbanwe ike nke nnukwu mmiri mmiri
N'ime nnwale a, a na-eji akụkụ nke ngwa agha na 4.1.1 mee ihe, na ọdịnaya nke cellulose ether na-edozi na 0.1% ma jiri ya tụnyere otu oghere. Ọkwa onunu ogwu nke ule admixture bụ 0%, 10%, 20% na 30%.
4.1.2.2 Nsonaazụ nnwale nke nrụgide na mgbanwe ike na nyocha nke ngwa agha dị elu.
Enwere ike ịhụ site na ọnụọgụ ule ike mkpakọ na ike mkpakọ 3d mgbe ị gbakwunye HPMC bụ ihe dịka 5/VIPA dị ala karịa nke otu oghere. N'ozuzu, na-abawanye nke ego nke admixture agbakwunyere, ike mkpakọ na-egosi mbelata na-emekarị. . N'ihe banyere admixtures, ike nke ịnweta ntụ ntụ na-enweghị HPMC kacha mma, ebe ike nke ijiji otu dị ntakịrị ala karịa nke mineral powder group, na-egosi na ịnweta ntụ ntụ adịghị arụ ọrụ dị ka ciment. na ntinye ya ga-ebelata ike mmalite nke usoro ahụ. Ụda ijiji na ọrụ ka njọ na-ebelata ike nke ọma karị. Ihe kpatara nyocha ahụ kwesịrị ịbụ na uyi ijiji na-ekere òkè na hydration nke abụọ nke ciment, ọ dịghịkwa eme ka ọ dịkwuo ike na mmalite nke ngwa agha ahụ.
Enwere ike ịhụ ya site na ụkpụrụ ule ike mgbanwe na HPMC ka na-enwe mmetụta dị njọ na ike mgbanwe, ma mgbe ọdịnaya nke admixture dị elu, ihe na-ebelata ike na-agbanwe agbanwe abụghịzi ihe doro anya. Ihe kpatara ya nwere ike ịbụ mmetụta njide mmiri nke HPMC. Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmiri na-efunahụ dị n'elu ihe mgbochi ule ngwa agha na-ebelata, na mmiri maka hydration zuru oke.
N'ihe gbasara admixtures, ike na-agbanwe agbanwe na-egosi mgbanwe na-ebelata site na mmụba nke ọdịnaya admixture, na ike na-agbanwe agbanwe nke otu ntụ ntụ ntụ dịkwa ntakịrị karịa nke ìgwè ash ash, na-egosi na ọrụ nke ntụ ntụ ịnweta bụ. kariri uyi ijiji.
Enwere ike ịhụ ya site na ọnụ ahịa gbakọrọ ọnụ nke mkpakọ-mbelata nke mgbakwunye na mgbakwunye nke HPMC ga-ebelata oke mkpakọ nke ọma ma melite mgbanwe nke ngwa agha ahụ, mana ọ bụ n'ezie na-efunahụ mbelata dị ukwuu na ike mkpakọ.
N'ihe gbasara admixtures, dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke admixture na-abawanye, mkpakọ-fold ratio na-emekarị ka ọ na-abawanye, na-egosi na admixture adịghị adaba na mgbanwe nke ngwa agha. Tụkwasị na nke a, enwere ike ịchọta na mkpakọ-fold ratio nke ngwa agha na-enweghị HPMC na-abawanye na mgbakwunye na nke admixture. Mmụba ahụ dị ntakịrị ibu, ya bụ, HPMC nwere ike melite embrittlement nke ngwa agha kpatara site na mgbakwunye nke admixtures ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ.
Enwere ike ịhụ na maka ike mkpakọ nke 7d, mmetụta ọjọọ nke admixtures adịkwaghị anya. The mkpakọ ike ụkpụrụ bụ roughly otu na nke ọ bụla admixture onunu ogwu larịị, na HPMC ka nwere dịtụ mwepu doro anya na mkpakọ ike. mmetụta.
Enwere ike ịhụ na n'ihe gbasara ike na-agbanwe agbanwe, admixture nwere mmetụta na-adịghị mma na nkwụsi ike nke 7d n'ozuzu ya, na naanị otu ìgwè nke ịnweta powders rụrụ ọrụ nke ọma, na-echekwa na 11-12MPa.
Enwere ike ịhụ na admixture nwere mmetụta dị njọ n'ihe gbasara ntinye ntinye. Site na mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ nke admixture, ntinye ntinye nke ntanye ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-abawanye, ya bụ, ngwa agha ahụ na-agbaji. HPMC nwere ike ibelata oke mkpakọ-n'okirikiri wee kwalite nbibi nke ngwa agha.
Enwere ike ịhụ na site na ike mkpakọ 28d, admixture ekerewo mmetụta bara uru nke ukwuu na ike ikpeazụ, na ike mkpakọ ejirila 3-5MPa mụbaa, nke bụ n'ihi micro-ejuputa mmetụta nke admixture. na ihe pozzolanic. Mmetụta hydration nke abụọ nke ihe ahụ, n'otu aka ahụ, nwere ike iji ma rie calcium hydroxide nke hydration ciment mepụtara (calcium hydroxide bụ akụkụ na-adịghị ike na ngwa agha, yana ịba ụba ya na mpaghara mgbanwe interface na-emebi ike), na-emepụta ihe ndị ọzọ hydration ngwaahịa, n'aka nke ọzọ, na-akwalite ogo hydration nke ciment ma mee ka ngwa agha ahụ sie ike karị. HPMC ka nwere mmetụta ọjọọ dị ịrịba ama na ike mkpakọ, na ike adịghị ike nwere ike iru karịa 10MPa. Iji nyochaa ihe kpatara ya, HPMC na-ewebata ụfọdụ ikuku ikuku na usoro ngwakọta ngwa agha, nke na-ebelata mkpokọta nke anụ ahụ. Nke a bụ otu ihe kpatara ya. HPMC na-adị mfe adsorbed n'elu nke siri ike irighiri na-etolite a film, na-egbochi hydration usoro, na interface mgbanwe mpaghara bụ ike ọgwụgwụ, nke na-adịghị eme ka ike.
Enwere ike ịhụ na n'ihe gbasara ike mgbanwe nke 28d, data ahụ nwere mgbasawanye ka ukwuu karịa ike mkpakọ, ma a ka nwere ike ịhụ mmetụta ọjọọ nke HPMC.
Enwere ike ịhụ na, site n'echiche nke mkpakọ-mbelata, HPMC na-abakarị uru iji belata mkpakọ-mbelata oke ma melite ike nke ngwa agha ahụ. N'otu ìgwè, na mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ nke admixtures, mkpakọ-refraction ruru na-abawanye. Nyocha nke ihe kpatara ya na-egosi na admixture nwere ọganihu doro anya na ike mkpakọ mgbe e mesịrị, ma mmachi mmachi na ike mgbanwe na-emecha, na-ebute mkpakọ-refraction ruru. nkwalite.
4.2 Nnwale ike mkpakọ na mgbanwe nke ngwa agha jikọtara
Iji nyochaa mmetụta nke cellulose ether na admixture na compressive na ike mgbanwe nke ngwa agha bonded, nnwale ahụ doziri ọdịnaya nke cellulose ether HPMC (viscosity 100,000) dị ka 0.30% nke akọrọ arọ nke ngwa agha. ma jiri ya tụnyere otu oghere.
Admixtures (fly ash na slag powder) ka na-anwale na 0%, 10%, 20%, na 30%.
4.2.1 Atụmatụ mkpakọ na mgbanwe ike nke ngwa agha jikọtara
4.2.2 Nsonaazụ ule na nyocha nke mmetụta nke mkpakọ na ike mgbanwe nke ngwa agha jikọtara
Enwere ike ịhụ site na nnwale ahụ na HPMC doro anya na adịghị mma n'ihe gbasara ike mkpakọ 28d nke ngwa agha njikọta, nke ga-eme ka ike belata ihe dị ka 5MPa, mana isi ihe na-egosi maka ikpebi ogo ngwa agha njikọta abụghị nke ahụ. ike mkpakọ, ya mere ọ na-anabata; Mgbe ọdịnaya mejupụtara bụ 20%, ike mkpakọ dị oke mma.
Enwere ike ịhụ site na nnwale ahụ na site n'echiche nke ike mgbanwe, mbelata ike nke HPMC kpatara abụghị nnukwu. Ọ nwere ike ịbụ na ngwa agha ahụ na-ejikọta ya enweghị mmiri na-adịghị mma yana njirimara plastik doro anya ma e jiri ya tụnyere ngwa ngwa mmiri dị elu. Mmetụta dị mma nke slipperiness na njide mmiri na-eme ka ọ dị irè na-ewepụ ụfọdụ n'ime mmetụta ọjọọ nke iwebata gas iji belata nchikota na interface na-ebelata; admixtures enweghị mmetụta doro anya na ike mgbanwe, na data nke ofufe ash otu na-agbanwe ntakịrị.
Enwere ike ịhụ site na nyocha ndị ahụ na, n'ihe gbasara nrụgide-mbelata, n'ozuzu, mmụba nke ọdịnaya admixture na-eme ka nrụgide-mbelata, nke na-adịghị mma maka ịdị ike nke ngwa agha; HPMC nwere mmetụta dị mma, nke nwere ike ibelata nrụgide-mbelata nke O. 5 dị n'elu, ekwesịrị ịkọwapụta na, dịka "JG 149.2003 Expanded Polystyrene Board Thin Plaster External Wall External Insulation System", ọ dịghị ihe a chọrọ n'ozuzu ya. n'ihi na mkpakọ-mpịaji ruru na nchọpụta index nke bonding ngwa agha, na mkpakọ-mpịaji ruru bụ tumadi Ọ na-eji na-amachi brittleness nke plasta ngwa agha, na nke a index na-eji naanị dị ka ntụaka maka mgbanwe nke bonding. ngwa agha.
4.3 Nnwale ịdị ike nke njikọta nke ngwa agha njikọta
Iji chọpụta mmetụta iwu nke ngwa ngwakọta nke cellulose ether na admixture na ike nkekọ nke ngwa agha bonded, rụtụ aka na "JG/T3049.1998 Putty for Building Interior" na "JG 149.2003 Expanded Polystyrene Board Thin Plastering Exterior Walls" mkpuchi mkpuchi. Sistemu ”, anyị mere ule ike nkekọ nke ngwa agha njikọta, na-eji nha nha nha na tebụl 4.2.1, na idozi ọdịnaya nke cellulose ether HPMC (viscosity 100,000) ruo 0 nke akọrọ akọrọ nke ngwa agha .30% , ma jiri ya tụnyere otu oghere.
Admixtures (fly ash na slag powder) ka na-anwale na 0%, 10%, 20%, na 30%.
4.3.1 Nnwale atụmatụ nke njikọ ike nke ngwa agha
4.3.2 Nsonaazụ ule na nyocha nke ike njikọ nke ngwa agha njikọ
(1) 14d bond ike ule nnwale nke bonding ngwa agha na ciment ngwa agha
Enwere ike ịhụ site na nnwale ahụ na otu ndị agbakwunyere na HPMC dị mma karịa otu oghere, na-egosi na HPMC bara uru maka ike njikọta, ọkachasị n'ihi na njigide mmiri nke HPMC na-echebe mmiri na njikọ njikọta n'etiti ngwa agha na ngọngọ ngwa agha ciment. Ngwa ngwa njikọ dị na interface na-agbapụta mmiri nke ọma, si otú ahụ na-abawanye ike nkekọ.
N'ihe banyere admixtures, ike nkekọ dịtụ elu na dose nke 10%, na ọ bụ ezie na ogo hydration na ọsọ nke ciment nwere ike imeziwanye n'ogo dị elu, ọ ga-eduga n'ibelata ogo hydration nke cimenti. ihe onwunwe, si otú ahụ na-akpata nnyapade. ibelata ike eriri.
Enwere ike ịhụ ya site na nnwale ahụ na n'ihe banyere uru ule nke arụ ọrụ oge siri ike, data ahụ dịtụ iche, na admixture nwere obere mmetụta, ma n'ozuzu, ma e jiri ya tụnyere ike mbụ ahụ, e nwere ụfọdụ mbelata, na Mbelata nke HPMC dị ntakịrị karịa nke otu oghere, na-egosi na E kwubiri na mmetụta njide mmiri nke HPMC bara uru maka mbelata mgbasa mmiri, nke mere na mbelata nke ike njikọ ngwa agha na-ebelata mgbe 2.5h.
(2) 14d njikọ ike nnwale nsonaazụ nke ngwa agha njikọta na bọọdụ polystyrene gbasaa
Enwere ike ịhụ site na nnwale ahụ na uru nnwale nke ike njikọ dị n'etiti ngwa agha njikọta na osisi polystyrene dị iche. N'ozuzu, enwere ike ịhụ na otu a gwakọtara na HPMC dị irè karịa otu oghere n'ihi njide mmiri dị mma. Ọfọn, ntinye nke admixtures na-ebelata nkwụsi ike nke ule ike njikọ.
4.4 Isi nchịkọta
1. N'ihi na elu fluidity ngwa agha, na-abawanye nke afọ, compressive-fold ratio nwere elu omume; The incorporation nke HPMC nwere doro anya mmetụta nke mbenata ike (mbelata nke compressive ike bụ ihe doro anya), nke na-eduga ná Mbelata nke mkpakọ-mpịakọta ruru, ya bụ, HPMC nwere doro anya enyemaka na mma nke ngwa agha siri ike. . N'ihe banyere ike ụbọchị atọ, uyi na-efe efe na ntụ ntụ nwere ike ime ntakịrị onyinye na ike na 10%, ebe ike na-ebelata na oke onunu ogwu, na nchikota nke nchikota na-abawanye na mmụba nke admixtures mineral; na ụbọchị asaa ike, Abụọ admixtures nwere obere mmetụta na ike, ma n'ozuzu mmetụta nke ofufe uyi ike Mbelata ka doro anya; n'ihe gbasara ike ụbọchị 28, admixtures abụọ ahụ enyela aka na ike, mkpakọ na ike mgbanwe. Ha abụọ na-abawanye ntakịrị, mana ọnụọgụ nrụgide ka na-abawanye site na mmụba nke ọdịnaya.
2. N'ihi na 28d compressive na flexural ike nke bonded ngwa agha, mgbe admixture ọdịnaya bụ 20%, na compressive na flexural ike arụmọrụ ka mma, na admixture ka na-eduga ná a obere mmụba na compressive-fold ratio, na-egosipụta ya Adverse. mmetụta na ike nke ngwa agha; HPMC na-eduga na mbelata ike nke ukwuu, mana ọ nwere ike belata oke mkpakọ na-mpịakọta.
3. Banyere ike nkekọ nke ngwa agha jikọtara, HPMC nwere mmetụta dị mma na ike nkekọ. Nyocha ahụ kwesịrị ịbụ na mmetụta njide mmiri ya na-ebelata mfu nke mmiri mmiri ma na-eme ka mmiri dịkwuo mma; Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ọdịnaya nke ngwakọta anaghị adị mgbe niile, na n'ozuzu arụmọrụ dị mma na ciment ciment mgbe ọdịnaya bụ 10%.
Isi nke 5 Ụzọ maka ịkọ amụma ike mgbaka nke ngwa agha na ihe
N'isiakwụkwọ a, a na-atụpụta usoro maka ịkọ ike nke ihe ndị sitere na ciment dabere na ọnụọgụ ọrụ admixture na tiori ike FERET. Anyị na-ebu ụzọ na-eche maka ngwa agha dị ka ụdị sink pụrụ iche na-enweghị nnukwu mkpokọta.
A maara nke ọma na ike mkpakọ bụ ihe dị mkpa na-egosi ihe ndị dabeere na ciment (concrete na mortar) na-eji dị ka ihe nhazi. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi ọtụtụ ihe na-emetụta ya, ọ dịghị ihe nlereanya mgbakọ na mwepụ nke nwere ike ịkọ n'ụzọ ziri ezi ike ya. Nke a na-ebute nsogbu ụfọdụ na nhazi, mmepụta na ojiji nke ngwa agha na kọmpat. The ẹdude ụdị nke ihe ike nwere onwe ha uru na ọghọm: ụfọdụ amụma ike nke ihe site porosity nke ihe si nkịtị ele ihe anya nke porosity nke siri ike ihe; ụfọdụ na-elekwasị anya na mmetụta nke mmekọrịta mmiri na-ekekọta oke na ike. Akwụkwọ a na-ejikọta ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ pozzolanic admixture na echiche ike nke Feret, ma na-eme mgbanwe ụfọdụ iji mee ka ọ bụrụ ihe ziri ezi karịa ịkọ ike mkpakọ.
5.1 Echiche Ike Feret
N'afọ 1892, Feret hibere ụdị mgbakọ na mwepụ mbụ maka ịkọ ike mkpakọ. N'okpuru ebe a na-enye ihe akụrụngwa, a na-atụpụta usoro maka ịkọ ike kọmpụta maka oge mbụ.
Uru nke usoro a bụ na mkpokọta grout, nke jikọtara ya na ike siri ike, nwere nkọwa anụ ahụ akọwapụtara nke ọma. N'otu oge ahụ, a na-echebara mmetụta nke ikuku ikuku echiche, a pụkwara igosi izi ezi nke usoro ahụ n'ụzọ anụ ahụ. Ebumnuche maka usoro a bụ na ọ na-egosipụta ozi na enwere oke na ike siri ike nke enwere ike nweta. Mwepu bụ na ọ na-eleghara mmetụta nke mkpokọta urughuru size, urughuru udi na mkpokọta ụdị. Mgbe ị na-ebu amụma ike nke ihe dị iche iche na afọ dị iche iche site n'ịgbanwe uru K, mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ike dị iche iche na afọ na-egosipụta dị ka ihe dị iche iche site na nhazi nhazi. Usoro ahụ adabaghị n'ọnọdụ dị adị (karịsịa mgbe afọ dị ogologo). N'ezie, usoro a Feret tụrụ aro ka emebere maka ngwa agha nke 10.20MPa. Ọ pụghị imeghari n'ụzọ zuru ezu na mmelite nke ike mkpakọ kọmpụta na mmetụta nke ihe ndị na-abawanye ụba n'ihi ọganihu nke teknụzụ ngwa agha.
A na-atụle ebe a na ike nke ihe (karịsịa maka ihe nkịtị) na-adabere na ike nke ciment ngwa ngwa na ihe, na ike nke ciment ngwa agha na-adabere na njupụta nke ciment mado, ya bụ, olu pasent. nke simenti ihe na mado.
Ozizi a nwere njikọ chiri anya na mmetụta nke ihe ruru ihe efu na ike. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na tiori e tinyere n'ihu na mbụ, mmetụta nke admixture components na ihe ike adịghị atụle. N'ihi nke a, akwụkwọ a ga-ewebata ọnụọgụ mmetụta admixture dabere na ọnụọgụ ọrụ maka mgbazi akụkụ. N'otu oge ahụ, na ndabere nke usoro a, a na-ewughachi mmetụta ọnụọgụ nke porosity na ike siri ike.
5.2 Ọnụọgụ ọrụ
A na-eji ọnụọgụ ọrụ, Kp, kọwaa mmetụta nke ihe pozzolanic na ike mkpakọ. N'ụzọ doro anya, ọ dabere na ọdịdị nke ihe pozzolanic n'onwe ya, kamakwa na afọ nke ihe ahụ. Ụkpụrụ nke ikpebi ọnụọgụ ọrụ bụ iji tụnyere ike mkpakọ nke ngwa agha ọkọlọtọ na ike mkpakọ nke ngwa agha ọzọ na pozzolanic admixtures na dochie ciment na otu ego nke ciment àgwà (mba p bụ ule ọnụọgụ ọrụ. Jiri surrogate). percentages). A na-akpọ oke nke ike abụọ a ọrụ coefficient fO), ebe t bụ afọ nke ngwa agha n'oge ule. Ọ bụrụ na fO) erughị 1, ọrụ nke pozzolan na-erughị nke ciment r. N'aka nke ọzọ, ọ bụrụ na fO) karịrị 1, pozzolan nwere mmeghachi omume dị elu (nke a na-emekarị mgbe a na-agbakwunye uzuzu silica).
Maka ọnụọgụ ọrụ a na-ejikarị na ike mkpakọ ụbọchị 28, dị ka ((GBT18046.2008 Granulated blast furnace slag powder used in ciment and concrete) H90, ọnụọgụ ọrụ nke granulated blast furnace slag powder bụ ọkọlọtọ ciment ngwa agha ike ruru enwetara site na dochie 50% ciment na ndabere nke ule dị ka (GBT1596.2005 Fly ash eji ciment na ihe), a na-enweta ọnụọgụ ọrụ nke ntụ ntụ mgbe dochie 30% ciment na ndabere nke ọkọlọtọ ciment ngwa agha; ule Dị ka "GB.T27690.2011 Silica Fume for Mortar and Concrete", ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ nke silica fume bụ ike ruru site n'iji dochie 10% ciment na ndabere nke ọkọlọtọ ciment ngwa agha ule.
N'ozuzu, granulated mgbawa ọkụ slag ntụ ntụ Kp=0.95～1.10, ofufe ash Kp=0.7-1.05, silica fume Kp=1.00～1.15. Anyị na-eche na mmetụta ya na ike na-adabere na ciment. Nke ahụ bụ, a ga-achịkwa usoro mmeghachi omume pozzolanic site na mmeghachi omume nke pozzolan, ọ bụghị site na mmiri mmiri ozuzo nke ciment hydration.
5.3 Mmetụta ọnụọgụ nke admixture na ike
5.4 Mmetụta mmetụta nke oriri mmiri na ike
5.5 Mmetụta ọnụọgụ nke mkpokọta mkpokọta na ike
Dị ka echiche nke prọfesọ PK Mehta na PC Aitcin na United States, iji nweta ndị kasị mma workability na ike Njirimara nke HPC n'otu oge, olu ruru nke ciment slurry na mkpokọta kwesịrị ịbụ 35:65 [4810] nke n'ozuzu plasticity na fluidity Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mkpokọta nke ihe adịghị agbanwe nke ukwuu. Ọ bụrụhaala na ike nke mkpokọta isi ihe n'onwe ya na-emezu ihe achọrọ nke nkọwapụta, a na-eleghara mmetụta nke mkpokọta mkpokọta na ike ahụ anya, na enwere ike ikpebi akụkụ nke mkpokọta n'ime 60-70% dị ka slump chọrọ. .
Ọ na-theoretically kweere na ruru nke keadighi rarii na ezi aggregates ga-enwe ụfọdụ mmetụta na ike nke ihe. Dị ka anyị niile maara, akụkụ na-adịghị ike na ihe bụ interface mgbanwe mpaghara n'etiti mkpokọta na ciment na ndị ọzọ simenti ihe pastes. Ya mere, ikpeazụ ọdịda nke nkịtị ihe bụ n'ihi na mbụ mmebi nke interface mgbanwe mpaghara n'okpuru nrụgide kpatara ihe ndị dị ka ibu ma ọ bụ okpomọkụ mgbanwe. mere site na-aga n'ihu mmepe nke cracks. Ya mere, mgbe ogo hydration yiri, ibu interface mgbanwe mpaghara bụ, mfe nke mbụ mgbape ga-etolite n'ime a ogologo site mgbape mgbe nchegbu itinye uche. Ya bụ na-ekwu, ndị ọzọ keadighi rarii aggregates na ọzọ mgbe geometric shapes na ibu akpịrịkpa na interface mgbanwe mpaghara, ka ukwuu na nchegbu ịta puru omume nke mbụ cracks, na macroscopically gosipụtara na ihe ike na-abawanye na-abawanye nke keadighi rarii mkpokọta. oke. belatara. Otú ọ dị, ihe a na-ekwu n'elu bụ na a chọrọ ka ọ bụrụ ájá dị ala nke nwere ntakịrị ihe dị n'ime ya.
Ọnụ ọgụgụ ájá nwekwara mmetụta ụfọdụ na slump. Ya mere, ájá ọnụego nwere ike preset site slump chọrọ, na ike kpebisie ike n'ime 32% ka 46% maka nkịtị ihe.
A na-ekpebi ọnụọgụ na ụdị admixtures na ịnweta ịnweta site na ngwakọta ikpe. N'ime ihe ndị nkịtị, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ịnweta ịnweta kwesịrị ịbụ ihe na-erughị 40%, ebe na ihe siri ike dị elu, uzuzu silica ekwesịghị gafere 10%. Ọnụ ego simenti ekwesịghị ịbụ ihe karịrị 500kg / m3.
5.6 Itinye usoro amụma a iji duzie atụ mgbako nha nha
Ihe eji eme ihe bụ ndị a:
Simenti bụ ciment E042.5 nke Lubi Cement Factory, Laiwu City, Shandong Province, na njupụta ya bụ 3.19/cm3;
The ijiji ash bụ ọkwa II bọọlụ ash mepụtara site na Jinan Huangtai Power Plant, na ọnụọgụ ọrụ ya bụ O. 828, njupụta ya bụ 2.59 / cm3;
Uzuzu silica nke Shandong Sanmei Silicon Material Co., Ltd mepụtara nwere ọnụọgụ ọrụ nke 1.10 na njupụta nke 2.59 / cm3;
ájá osimiri akọrọ Taian nwere njupụta nke 2.6 g/cm3, nnukwu njupụta nke 1480kg/m3, yana modul ịdị mma nke Mx=2.8;
Jinan Ganggou na-emepụta nkume 5-'25mm akọrọ akọrọ na nnukwu njupụta nke 1500kg / m3 na njupụta nke ihe dịka 2.7∥cm3;
Onye na-eme ka mmiri na-eme ka mmiri na-eme ihe bụ onye na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị elu nke aliphatic na-eme onwe ya, na-ebelata mmiri nke 20%; The kpọmkwem onunu ogwu kpebisiri ike experimentally dị ka chọrọ nke slump. Nkwadebe nnwale nke ihe C30, slump chọrọ ka ọ dị elu karịa 90mm.
1. ike imepụta
2. àgwà ájá
3. Mkpebi nke mmetụta mmetụta nke ọ bụla ike
4. Rịọ maka oriri mmiri
5. A na-edozi usoro ọgwụgwọ nke onye na-ebelata mmiri dịka ihe achọrọ nke slump. Usoro onunu ogwu bụ 1%, na Ma = 4kg na-agbakwunye na oke.
6. N'ụzọ dị otú a, a na-enweta ngụkọta ngụkọta
7. Mgbe agwakọta ikpe, ọ nwere ike izute slump chọrọ. Ike mkpakọ 28d tụrụ atụ bụ 39.32MPa, nke na-emezu ihe achọrọ.
5.7 Isi nchịkọta
N'ihe banyere ileghara mmekọrịta nke admixtures I na F, anyị atụlewo ọnụọgụ ọrụ na echiche ike nke Feret, wee nweta mmetụta nke ọtụtụ ihe na ike nke ihe:
1 Concrete admixture mmetụta ọnụọgụgụ
2 Mmetụta ọnụọgụ nke oriri mmiri
3 Mmetụta ọnụọgụ nke mkpokọta mkpokọta
4 Ntụnyere n'ezie. Achọpụtara ya na usoro amụma ike 28d nke kọmpụta na-emeziwanye site na ọnụọgụ ọrụ yana echiche ike nke Feret dị nkwekọ nke ọma na ọnọdụ ahụ n'ezie, enwere ike iji ya duzie nkwadebe nke ngwa agha na kọmpat.
Isi nke 6 Mmechi na Outlook
6.1 Isi nkwubi okwu
Akụkụ nke mbụ tụlere n'ụzọ zuru ezu slurry dị ọcha na ngwa agha mmiri mmiri nke dị iche iche ịnweta admixtures jikọtara ya na ụdị cellulose ethers atọ, wee chọta iwu ndị a:
1. Cellulose ether nwere ụfọdụ retarding na ikuku-entraning mmetụta. N'ime ha, CMC nwere mmetụta njigide mmiri na-adịghị ike na obere doses, ma nwee ụfọdụ mfu n'ime oge; mgbe HPMC nwere ịrịba mmiri njigide na ndim mmetụta, nke budata ebelata fluidity nke dị ọcha pulp na ngwa agha, na The ndim mmetụta nke HPMC na elu nominal viscosity bụ ubé doro anya.
2. N'etiti admixtures, mmalite na ọkara-hour fluidity nke ofufe ash na dị ọcha slurry na ngwa agha ka emewo ka mma ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ. Enwere ike ịbawanye ọdịnaya 30% nke ule slurry dị ọcha site na ihe dịka 30mm; na fluidity nke ịnweta ntụ ntụ na dị ọcha slurry na ngwa agha Enweghị iwu doro anya nke mmetụta; ọ bụ ezie na ọdịnaya nke silica fume dị ala, ya pụrụ iche ultra-fineness, ngwa ngwa mmeghachi omume, na ike adsorption na-eme ka ọ nwee mmetụta dị ịrịba ama mbelata na fluidity nke dị ọcha slurry na ngwa agha, karịsịa mgbe agwakọta ya na 0.15 Mgbe% HPMC, a ga-enwe phenomen na cone anwụ enweghị ike ejupụta. E jiri ya tụnyere nsonaazụ ule nke slurry dị ọcha, a na-achọpụta na mmetụta nke admixture na ule ngwa agha na-ada mbà. N'ihe gbasara ịchịkwa ọbara ọgbụgba, ash na-efe efe na ntụ ntụ adịghị apụta ìhè. Silica fume nwere ike ibelata oke ọbara ọgbụgba, mana ọ naghị akwado mbelata mmiri mmiri na mfu ngwa ngwa ka oge na-aga, ọ dịkwa mfe ibelata oge ọrụ.
3. N'ihe dị iche iche nke mgbanwe usoro onunu ogwu, ihe ndị na-emetụta mmiri mmiri nke ciment dabeere slurry, usoro onunu ogwu nke HPMC na silica fume bụ ihe ndị bụ isi, ma na-achịkwa ọbara ọgbụgba na njikwa nke ọnọdụ na-asọpụta, bụ ihe doro anya. Mmetụta nke ash ash na ịnweta ntụ ntụ bụ nke abụọ ma na-arụ ọrụ mmezi inyeaka.
4. Ụdị atọ nke cellulose ethers nwere ụfọdụ mmetụta na-eme ka ikuku dị, nke ga-eme ka afụ na-ejupụta n'elu slurry dị ọcha. Agbanyeghị, mgbe ọdịnaya nke HPMC ruru ihe karịrị 0.1%, n'ihi nnukwu viscosity nke slurry, enweghị ike idowe egosipụta na slurry. jubigara ókè. A ga-enwe egosipụta n'elu ngwa agha nke nwere mmiri dị elu karịa 250ram, ma otu oghere na-enweghị cellulose ether n'ozuzu enweghị afụ ma ọ bụ naanị obere obere egosipụta, na-egosi na cellulose ether nwere ụfọdụ mmetụta ikuku na-eme ka ọ dị nro. viscous. Ke adianade do, n'ihi na oké viscosity nke ngwa agha na ogbenye fluidity, ọ na-esiri ikuku egosipụta ka sere n'elu site onwe-arọ mmetụta nke slurry, ma a na-ejigide na ngwa agha, na mmetụta ya na ike enweghị ike ịbụ. leghaara anya.
Akụkụ II Nrụmọrụ Mortar Mechanical
1. N'ihi na elu fluidity ngwa agha, na-abawanye nke afọ, na-echipịakwa ruru nwere ọnọdụ elu; mgbakwunye nke HPMC nwere mmetụta dị ịrịba ama nke ibelata ike (mbelata nke ike mkpakọ bụ ihe doro anya), nke na-edugakwa n'ịkụpịa Mbelata nke oke, ya bụ, HPMC nwere enyemaka doro anya na-eme ka mma nke ngwa agha siri ike. N'ihe banyere ike ụbọchị atọ, uyi na-efe efe na ntụ ntụ nwere ike ime ntakịrị onyinye na ike na 10%, ebe ike na-ebelata na oke onunu ogwu, na nchikota nke nchikota na-abawanye na mmụba nke admixtures mineral; na ụbọchị asaa ike, Abụọ admixtures nwere obere mmetụta na ike, ma n'ozuzu mmetụta nke ofufe uyi ike Mbelata ka doro anya; n'ihe gbasara ike ụbọchị 28, admixtures abụọ ahụ enyela aka na ike, mkpakọ na ike mgbanwe. Ha abụọ na-abawanye ntakịrị, mana ọnụọgụ nrụgide ka na-abawanye site na mmụba nke ọdịnaya.
2. N'ihi na 28d compressive na mgbanwe ike nke bonded ngwa agha, mgbe admixture ọdịnaya bụ 20%, mkpakọ na flexural ike dị mma, na admixture ka na-eduga ná a obere mmụba na compressive-to-fold ratio, na-egosipụta ya. mmetụta na ngwa agha. Mmetụta ọjọọ nke siri ike; HPMC na-eduga na mbelata dị ukwuu na ike.
3. Banyere ike nkekọ nke bonded ngwa agha, HPMC nwere ụfọdụ mma mmetụta na nkekọ ike. Nyocha kwesịrị ịbụ na mmetụta njigide mmiri ya na-ebelata mfu mmiri na ngwa ngwa ma hụ na hydration zuru oke. Ike nkekọ jikọtara na admixture. Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti usoro onunu ogwu abụghị mgbe niile, na n'ozuzu arụmọrụ ka mma na ciment ngwa agha mgbe usoro onunu ogwu bụ 10%.
4. CMC adịghị mma maka ihe ciment nke dabeere na ciment, mmetụta njide mmiri ya abụghị ihe doro anya, ma n'otu oge ahụ, ọ na-eme ka ngwa ngwa na-agbaji; ebe HPMC nwere ike belata mkpakọ-na-n'ogige atụrụ nke ọma ma kwalite ịdị ike nke ngwa agha, mana ọ na-efunahụ mbelata dị ukwuu na ike mkpakọ.
5. Ihe omimi zuru oke na ike chọrọ, ọdịnaya HPMC nke 0.1% kwesịrị ekwesị. Mgbe a na-eji ash uzuoku mee ihe ma ọ bụ ngwa agha siri ike nke na-achọ ike ngwa ngwa na ike mmalite, usoro ọgwụgwọ ekwesịghị ịdị elu, yana usoro kachasị elu bụ ihe dịka 10%. Ihe achọrọ; na-atụle ihe ndị dị ka ụda olu dara ogbenye nke ịnweta ntụ ntụ na silica fume, ha kwesịrị ịchịkwa na 10% na n 3% n'otu n'otu. Mmetụta nke admixtures na cellulose ethers adịghị ejikọta ya na ya
nwee mmetụta onwe ya.
Akụkụ nke atọ N'ihe banyere ileghara mmekọrịta dị n'etiti admixtures, site na mkparịta ụka nke ọnụọgụ ọrụ nke ihe ndị na-emepụta mineral na ike nke Feret, a na-enweta mmetụta iwu nke otutu ihe na ike nke ihe (mortar):
1. Mineral Admixture Influence Coefficient
2. Mmetụta ọnụọgụ nke oriri mmiri
3. Mmetụta mmetụta nke mkpokọta mkpokọta
4. The n'ezie ntụnyere na-egosi na 28d ike amụma usoro nke ihe ka mma site ọrụ ọnụọgụgụ na Feret ike tiori bụ na ezi nkwekọrịta na n'ezie ọnọdụ, na ọ ga-eji na-eduzi nkwadebe nke ngwa agha na ihe.
6.2 erughị eru na atụmanya
Akwụkwọ a na-amụkarị ihe gbasara mmiri na ihe eji arụ ọrụ nke tapawa dị ọcha na ngwa agha nke sistemụ cementious ọnụọgụ abụọ. Mmetụta na mmetụta nke njikọta nke ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe dị iche iche dị mkpa ka a mụọkwuo ya. N'ime usoro nnwale, enwere ike iji ndagide ngwa ngwa na stratification. A na-amụ mmetụta nke cellulose ether na nkwụsi ike na njide mmiri nke ngwa agha site na ogo nke cellulose ether. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a ga-amụkwa microstructure nke ngwa agha n'okpuru ihe mejupụtara nke cellulose ether na mineral admixture.
Cellulose ether bụ ugbu a otu n'ime ihe ndị dị mkpa admixture akụrụngwa nke dị iche iche ngwa agha. Mmetụta njigide mmiri ya dị mma na-agbatị oge ọrụ nke ngwa agha ahụ, na-eme ka ngwa agha nwee thixotropy dị mma, ma na-eme ka ike nke ngwa agha dịkwuo mma. Ọ dị mma maka ihe owuwu; na ngwa nke ijiji ash na ịnweta ntụ ntụ dị ka ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ngwa agha nwekwara ike ịmepụta nnukwu uru akụ na ụba na gburugburu ebe obibi
Oge nzipu: Sep-29-2022