Ngwa ngwa agwakọta akọrọ bụ ngwakọta nke ihe cimentious (ciment, uyi ofufe, slag ntụ ntụ, wdg), ihe nchịkọta dị mma pụrụ iche (aja quartz, corundum, wdg, na mgbe ụfọdụ na-achọ granules ọkụ, perlite gbasaa, gbasaa vermiculite, wdg). ) na admixtures na-agwakọta otu n'otu n'otu, na mgbe ahụ juru n'ọnụ na akpa, orù ma ọ bụ na-ọnọ na nnukwu na akọrọ ntụ ntụ ala dị ka ihe ụlọ.
Dị ka ngwa ahụ si kwuo, e nwere ọtụtụ ụdị ngwa ahịa azụmahịa, dị ka ngwa ngwa akọrọ akọrọ maka masonry, akọrọ ntụ ntụ maka plasta, akọrọ ntụ ntụ maka ala, akwa ntụ ntụ pụrụ iche maka mkpuchi mmiri, nchekwa ọkụ na ihe ndị ọzọ. N'ịchịkọta, ngwa agha agwakọtara akọrọ nwere ike kewaa n'ime ngwa ngwa agwakọta akpọnwụ nkịtị (masonry, plastering and ground dry mixed mortar) na ngwa ngwa agwakọta akpọnwụ pụrụ iche. Ngwa ngwa agwakọta akọrọ pụrụ iche gụnyere: ngwa agha na-eme ka onwe ya, ihe ala na-eguzogide ọgwụ, ala na-adịghị ọkụ na-eguzogide, onye na-ahụ maka caulking inorganic, ngwa agha na-ekpuchi mmiri, ngwa agha resin plasta, ihe nchebe elu, ihe mkpuchi akwa akwa, wdg.
Ya mere, ọtụtụ ngwa agha agwakọta akọrọ chọrọ admixtures nke ụdị dị iche iche na usoro dị iche iche nke ime ihe ka a ga-emepụta site na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ule. Tụnyere omenala ihe admixtures, akọrọ-agwakọta ngwa agha admixtures nwere ike na-eji na ntụ ntụ n'ụdị, na abuo, ha soluble na mmiri oyi, ma ọ bụ nke nta nke nta igbari n'okpuru edinam alkalinity na-egosipụta ha ruru mmetụta.
1. Thickener, onye na-ejigide mmiri na stabilizer ngwa agha nkịtị kwadebere site na ciment, inert ma ọ bụ mineral admixture na-arụ ọrụ, na nchịkọta dị mma, ihe ọghọm ya bụ isi na-adịghị mma, nkwụsi ike na-adịghị mma, ọbara ọgbụgba dị mfe, nkewa, Subsidence, ihe owuwu siri ike, mgbe arụchara, na ike nkekọ dị ala, dị mfe ịgbawa, mmiri na-adịghị ike, adịghị ike na-adịghị mma, wdg, ga-eji ihe mgbakwunye kwesịrị ekwesị gbanwee. N'ihe banyere imeziwanye njikọta, njide mmiri na nkwụsi ike nke ngwa agha, ihe mgbakwunye nwere ike ịhọrọ gụnyere cellulose ether, starch ether gbanwere, mmanya polyvinyl, polyacrylamide na ntụ ntụ.
Cellulose ether methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (PMC) na hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (HEMC) niile na-mere nke eke polymer ihe (dị ka owu, wdg) Non-ionic cellulose ether emepụtara site chemical ọgwụgwọ. A na-eji ha eme ihe site na mmiri oyi na-edozi mmiri, njide mmiri, njupụta, ịdị n'otu, imepụta ihe nkiri, mmanu mmanu, nkwụsi ike na-abụghị ionic na pH. The mmiri oyi solubility nke ụdị ngwaahịa a na-mma nke ukwuu, na mmiri na-ejigide ikike na-enwekwukwa, na ndim ihe onwunwe doro anya, dayameta nke ikuku egosipụta ewepụtara dịtụ obere, na mmetụta nke imezi bonding ike nke ngwa agha bụ. emelitere nke ukwuu.
Cellulose ether abụghị naanị nwere ụdị dị iche iche, kamakwa ọ nwere oke nha nke ịdị arọ molekụla na viscosity sitere na 5mPa. s ruo 200,000mPa. s, mmetụta na arụmọrụ nke ngwa agha na ọhụrụ ogbo na mgbe hardening dịkwa iche. Ekwesịrị ịme ọtụtụ ule mgbe ị na-ahọrọ nhọrọ a kapịrị ọnụ. Họrọ ụdị cellulose dị iche iche nwere viscosity kwesịrị ekwesị na ịdị arọ molekụla, obere usoro onunu ogwu, na enweghị ihe na-enye ikuku. Naanị otu a ka enwere ike nweta ya ozugbo. Ezigbo teknuzu arụmọrụ, ma nwekwara ezi aku na uba.
Starch ether Starch ether bụ ether kpụrụ site na mmeghachi omume nke otu hydroxyl na starch glucose molecules nwere kemịkalụ reagents, nke a na-akpọ starch ether ma ọ bụ etherified starch. Ndị isi iche gbanwetụrụ starch ethers bụ: sodium carboxymethyl starch (CMS), hydrocarbon alkyl starch (HES), hydrocarbon propyl ethyl starch (HPS), cyanoethyl starch, wdg Ha niile nwere magburu onwe ọrụ nke mmiri solubility, bonding, ọzịza, eruba. , mkpuchi, desizing, nha, mgbasa na nkwụsi ike, ma na-ejikarị na nkà mmụta ọgwụ, nri, textile, akwụkwọ, kwa ụbọchị chemical na mmanụ ala na ngalaba ndị ọzọ.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, atụmanya nke starch ether etinyere na ngwa ngwa ntụ ntụ akọrọ bụkwa ihe na-ekwe nkwa nke ukwuu. Isi ihe kpatara ya bụ: ① Ọnụ ego starch ether dị ọnụ ala, naanị 1/3 ruo 1/4 nke cellulose ether; ② Starch ether agwakọta n'ime ngwa agha ga-emeziwanye viscosity, njide mmiri, nkwụsi ike na ike njikọ nke ngwa agha ahụ; ③ Enwere ike iji cellulose ether gbakọta starch ether n'ụzọ ọ bụla, ka ọ dị mma ka ọ dịkwuo mma mmetụta mgbochi nke ngwa agha. N'ime ụfọdụ ngwa agha ngwaahịa, dị ka seramiiki mgbidi na ala tile adhesives, interface ọgwụgwọ elekọta mmadụ, caulking agents na nkịtị azụmahịa ngwa agha, starch ether na-eji dị ka isi ndim na mmiri-ejigide gị n'ụlọnga na stabilizer. Ma na-ele anya na starch ether emepụta na mba m, ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-anọ naanị na ọkọnọ nke isi ngwaahịa, na ọ bụ nanị ole na ole na-emepụta na-emepụta na-ebunye gbanwetụrụ starch ether izute akụkụ nke ina nke ngwa agha emepụta.
Ngwakọta ntụ ntụ dị arọ nke gbara ọkpụrụkpụ bụ ngwaahịa ọhụrụ emepụtara iji kwekọọ na mmepụta nke ntụ ntụ ntụ nkịtị (ejikere agwakọta) ngwa agha. Ihe mejupụtara ya bụ mineral inorganic na ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na polymer, na ọ dịghị enwe lime na ihe ndị nwere ikuku. Usoro ọgwụgwọ ya bụ ihe dịka 5% ruo 20% nke ibu ciment. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, na mmepụta nke ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ahịa na Shanghai, a na-ejikarị ntụ ntụ eme ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka ọ sie ike, na-ejigide mmiri ma na-eme ka ahụ sie ike, mmetụta ya dị ịrịba ama.
Polyvinyl mmanya na polyacrylamide nwekwara nnukwu viscosity dị iche iche, ma mgbe ụfọdụ, ikuku na-eme ka ikuku dị ukwuu, ma ọ bụ ọchịchọ mmiri nke ngwa agha ahụ na-abawanye nke ukwuu mgbe agwakọtachara ya, ya mere, a ga-eji ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ule họrọ.
2. Isi ọrụ nke redispersible latex powder thickener bụ imeziwanye njide mmiri na nkwụsi ike nke ngwa agha. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwere ike igbochi ngwa agha ahụ site na mgbawa (jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ekupụ ikuku mmiri) ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, a naghị ejikarị ya eme ihe iji meziwanye ike na mgbawa nke ngwa agha ahụ. na waterproof pụtara.
Aghọtala omume nke ịgbakwunye polymers iji meziwanye enweghị ike, ike siri ike, mgbape mgbape na mmetụta nguzogide nke ngwa agha na kọmpat. A na-ejikarị polymer emulsions maka mgbanwe nke ngwa ngwa ciment na ciment ihe na-agụnye: neoprene roba emulsion, styrene-butadiene roba emulsion, polyacrylate latex, polyvinyl chloride, chlorine ele mmadụ anya n'ihu roba emulsion, polyvinyl acetate, wdg Na mmepe nke nnyocha sayensị, ọ bụghị naanị. A mụọla mmetụta mgbanwe nke polymer dị iche iche n'ime omimi, kamakwa usoro mgbanwe, usoro mmekọrịta dị n'etiti polymers na ciment, na ngwaahịa hydration ciment ka a na-amụkwa n'ụzọ doro anya. Nyocha na nyocha ndị ọzọ dị omimi, na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke nchọpụta sayensị apụtala.
Enwere ike iji emulsion polymer mee ihe na-emepụta ngwa agha dị njikere, ma o doro anya na ọ gaghị ekwe omume iji ya mee ihe ozugbo na mmepụta nke akọrọ ntụ ntụ ntụ, ya mere, a mụrụ redispersible latex ntụ ntụ. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, uzuzu latex na-agbanwe agbanwe nke a na-eji na ntụ ntụ ntụ akọrọ gụnyere: ① vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer (VAC/E); ② vinyl acetate-tert-carbonate copolymer (VAC/VeoVa); ③ acrylate homopolymer (acrylate); ④ vinyl acetate homopolymer (VAC); 4) styrene-acrylate copolymer (SA), wdg N'ime ha, vinyl acetate-etylene copolymer nwere oke ojiji.
Omume egosila na arụmọrụ nke redispersible latex ntụ ntụ kwụsiri ike, ọ na-enwekwa mmetụta na-enweghị atụ na-emeziwanye ike nke ngwa agha, na-eme ka ike ya dịkwuo elu, nrụrụ, nkwụsị mgbape na impermeability, wdg. Na-agbakwụnye hydrophobic latex ntụ ntụ copolymerized site polyvinyl acetate, vinyl chloride. , ethylene, vinyl laurate, wdg nwekwara ike dị ukwuu ibelata mmiri absorption nke ngwa agha (n'ihi hydrophobicity ya), na-eme ka ngwa agha ikuku-permeable na impermeable, na-eme ka Ọ bụ ihu igwe na-eguzogide ma na-emeziwanye ike.
E jiri ya tụnyere imeziwanye ike mgbanwe na ike njikọ nke ngwa agha na ibelata nhịkọ ya, mmetụta nke ntụ ntụ latex na-agbanwe agbanwe n'ịkwalite njide mmiri nke ngwa agha na ịkwalite njikọ ya nwere oke. Ebe ọ bụ na mgbakwunye nke uzuzu latex redispersible nwere ike ịgbasa ma mee ka ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ikuku ikuku na ngwakọta ngwa agha, mmetụta ya na-ebelata mmiri na-apụta ìhè. N'ezie, n'ihi usoro adịghị mma nke ikuku ikuku ewepụtara, mmetụta mbelata mmiri emeghị ka ike dịkwuo mma. N'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, ike nke ngwa agha ahụ ga-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ebelata site na mmụba nke ọdịnaya ntụ ntụ latex na-emegharịghachi. Ya mere, na mmepe nke ụfọdụ ngwa agha dị mkpa iji tụlee ike mkpakọ na ike na-agbanwe agbanwe, ọ na-adịkarị mkpa ịgbakwunye defoamer n'otu oge iji belata mmetụta ọjọọ nke ntụ ntụ latex na ike mgbagwoju anya na ike na-agbanwe agbanwe nke ngwa agha ahụ. .
3. N'ihi mgbakwunye nke cellulose, starch ether na ihe polymer, ihe ịrụ ụka adịghị ya na defoamer na-eme ka ihe ikuku na-eme ka ikuku dịkwuo elu. N'otu aka ahụ, ọ na-emetụta ike mkpakọ, ike mgbanwe na ike njikọ nke ngwa agha ahụ, ma na-ebelata modul ngbanwe ya. N'aka nke ọzọ, ọ na-enwekwa mmetụta dị ukwuu na ọdịdị nke ngwa agha ahụ, n'ihi ya, ọ dị ezigbo mkpa ikpochapụ ikuku ikuku na-ebute na ngwa agha ahụ. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-ejikarị ndị defoamers akọrọ akọrọ na-ebubata na China iji dozie nsogbu a, ma a ghaghị iburu n'obi na n'ihi nnukwu viscosity nke ngwa ngwa ngwa ahịa, mkpochapụ nke ikuku ikuku abụghị ọrụ dị mfe.
4. Onye na-egbochi ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-adịghị mma Mgbe ị na-agbanye taịlị seramiiki, mbadamba polystyrene foamed, na itinye rubber powder polystyrene particle insulation ngwa agha, nnukwu nsogbu chere ihu na-ada. Omume egosila na ịgbakwunye starch ether, sodium bentonite, metakaolin na montmorillonite bụ ihe dị irè iji dozie nsogbu nke ngwa agha daa ma e wuchaa ya. Isi ihe ngwọta maka nsogbu nke sagging bụ ịbawanye nrụgide mbụ nke ngwa agha, ya bụ, ịbawanye thixotropy ya. N'ime ngwa ndị bara uru, ọ dịghị mfe ịhọrọ ezigbo onye na-egbochi sagging, n'ihi na ọ dị mkpa iji dozie mmekọrịta dị n'etiti thixotropy, workability, viscosity na water demand.
5. Onye na-eme ihe na-eme ka mmiri na-eme ihe na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ nke na-eme ka mmiri na-arụ ọrụ nke plasta, onye na-ahụ maka tile caulking, ihe eji achọ agba agba agba na akwa akọrọ akọrọ nke a na-eji maka mgbidi dị n'èzí nke usoro mkpuchi ihe nkedo dị mkpa, nke chọrọ mgbakwunye ntụ ntụ. mmiri na-egbochi mmiri, ma ọ kwesịrị inwe àgwà ndị a: ① mee ka ngwa agha hydrophobic dum ma nọgide na-enwe mmetụta ogologo oge; ② enweghị mmetụta ọjọọ na ike njikọ nke elu; ③ ụfọdụ ihe mgbochi mmiri a na-ejikarị n'ahịa, dị ka Calcium fatty acid abụghị ihe mgbakwunye hydrophobic kwesịrị ekwesị maka ngwa ngwa agwakọta akọrọ, ọkachasị maka plasta maka ihe eji arụ ọrụ, n'ihi na ọ na-esiri ike ịgwakọta ngwa ngwa na n'otu n'otu na ngwa ngwa ciment.
A na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka mmiri na-eme ka mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta silane na nso nso a, nke bụ ngwaahịa silane na-emepụta ntụ ntụ nke na-enweta site na mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpuchi mmiri na-ekpuchi mmiri na-ekpochapụ colloid na mgbochi caking. Mgbe a gwakọtara ngwa ngwa ahụ na mmiri, shei colloid nchebe nke ihe na-egbochi mmiri na-agbaze ngwa ngwa n'ime mmiri, ma hapụ silane ekpuchiri ya ka ọ gbasaa ya na mmiri ngwakọta. Na nnukwu alkaline gburugburu ebe obibi mgbe ciment hydration, na hydrophilic organic arụ ọrụ dị iche iche na silane na-hydrolyzed na-etolite ukwuu reactive silanol dị iche iche, na silanol iche iche na-aga n'ihu irreversibly meghachi omume na hydroxyl iche iche na ciment hydration ngwaahịa na-etolite chemical agbụ , nke mere na silane ejikọrọ ọnụ site na-ejikọta ọnụ na-edozi ya nke ọma n'elu mgbidi pore nke ciment mortar. Dị ka hydrophobic organic na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche na-eche ihu n'èzí nke mgbidi pore, elu nke pores na-enweta hydrophobicity, si otú ahụ na-ebute mmetụta hydrophobic dum na ngwa agha ahụ.
6. Pantherine Inhibitor Pantherine ga-emetụta ihe ịchọ mma nke simenti na-edozi ihe eji achọ mma, nke bụ nsogbu nkịtị na-achọ ka a dozie ya. Dị ka akụkọ si kwuo, ihe mgbakwunye mgbochi pantherine na-eme ka resin na-emepụta nke ọma n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, nke bụ ntụ ntụ na-emegharị na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma. Ngwaahịa a dabara adaba maka iji mkpuchi mkpuchi enyemaka, putties, caulks ma ọ bụ imecha ngwa ngwa ma nwee ezigbo ndakọrịta na mgbakwunye ndị ọzọ.
7. Fiber Ịgbakwunye ego kwesịrị ekwesị nke eriri na ngwa agha nwere ike ime ka ike dị ike dịkwuo elu, mee ka ike sie ike ma melite nkwụsị mgbape. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-ejikarị eriri sịntetik kemịkal na eriri osisi eme ihe na ngwa ngwa agwakọta akpọnwụ. Chemical sịntetik emep uta eri, dị ka polypropylene staple eriri, polypropylene staple eriri, wdg Mgbe elu mgbanwe, ndị a emep uta eri bụghị nanị nwere ezi dispersibility, ma nwere ala ọdịnaya, nke nwere ike n'ụzọ dị irè melite plastic iguzogide na cracking arụmọrụ nke ngwa agha. The n'ibu Njirimara na-adịghị emetụta nke ukwuu. Dayameta nke eriri osisi dị ntakịrị, na mgbakwunye nke eriri osisi kwesịrị ịṅa ntị na mmụba nke mmiri na-achọ ngwa ngwa.
Oge nzipu: Mar-04-2023