Okwu Mmalite nke Mwepụta Cellulose site na owu:
Owu, eriri eke sitere n'okike, mejupụtara ya bụ cellulose, yinye polysaccharide nke nwere nkeji glucose. Mwepụta cellulose sitere na owu na-agụnye ịkụda eriri owu na iwepụ adịghị ọcha iji nweta ngwaahịa cellulose dị ọcha. Cellulose a ewepụtara nwere ngwa dị iche iche na ụlọ ọrụ dị ka textiles, akwụkwọ, ọgwụ na nri.
Nzọụkwụ 1: Owuwe ihe ubi na tupu ọgwụgwọ owu:
owuwe ihe ubi: A na-enweta eriri owu site na bolls nke osisi owu. A na-ewere bolls ndị ahụ mgbe ha toro wee gbawaa, na-ekpughe eriri ọcha ndị dị n'ime.
Nhicha: Mgbe owuwe ihe ubi, owu na-eme usoro nhicha iji wepụ adịghị ọcha dị ka unyi, mkpụrụ, na iberibe akwụkwọ. Nke a na-eme ka o doo anya na cellulose amịpụtara dị ọcha.
ihicha: A na-akpọzi owu a kpochara ka ọ wepụ oke mmiri. Ịkpọ nkụ dị oke mkpa n'ihi na owu mmiri nwere ike iduga n'ime microbial, nke nwere ike imebi àgwà cellulose.
Nzọụkwụ 2: Nhazi igwe:
Imeghe na ihicha: A na-edozi owu a mịrị amị iji kewaa eriri ma wepụ ihe adịghị ọcha ọ bụla. Usoro a na-agụnye imeghe bales owu na isi n'igwe na-ebufe ha na-eme ka ọ dị ọcha ma na-agbapụ eriri ndị ahụ.
Carding: Carding bụ usoro nke ịhazi eriri owu n'usoro n'usoro iji mepụta webụ dị mkpa. Nzọụkwụ a na-enyere aka n'inweta ịdị n'otu na nhazi eriri, nke dị mkpa maka nhazi na-esote.
Ịse ihe osise: Na eserese, eriri carded na-agbatị ogologo ma belata ka ọ bụrụ nke kacha mma. Nzọụkwụ a na-eme ka a hụ na a na-ekesa eriri ndị ahụ n'otu n'otu ma kwekọọ, na-eme ka ike na ịdị mma nke ngwaahịa cellulose ikpeazụ.
Nzọụkwụ 3: Nhazi kemịkalụ (Mercerization):
Mercerization: Mercerization bụ ọgwụgwọ kemịkalụ eji eme ka njirimara nke eriri cellulose dịkwuo elu, gụnyere ike na-abawanye, ihe na-egbuke egbuke, na mmekọrịta maka agba agba. N'ime usoro a, a na-eji ihe ngwọta nke sodium hydroxide (NaOH) ma ọ bụ alkali ọzọ na-edozi eriri owu na otu ntinye na okpomọkụ.
Ọzịza: Ọgwụ alkali na-eme ka eriri cellulose zaa aza, na-ebute mmụba na dayameta na ebe elu ha. Ọzịza a na-ekpughere ìgwè hydroxyl ndị ọzọ n'elu cellulose, na-eme ka ọ na-emeghachi omume maka mmeghachi omume kemịkal na-esote.
Ichacha na ịnọpụ iche: Mgbe emechara mercerization, a na-asacha eriri ndị ahụ nke ọma iji wepụ alkali gafere. A na-ewepụ alkali ahụ site na iji ngwọta acidic iji mee ka cellulose kwụsie ike ma gbochie mmeghachi omume kemịkal ọzọ.
Nzọụkwụ 4: Ịkwụsị:
Na-agbaze Cellulose: A na-edobe eriri owu ndị metere ka ọ bụrụ pulping, ebe a na-agbaze ya na ihe mgbaze iji wepụ cellulose. Ihe mgbaze ndị a na-ejikarị maka mgbasa cellulose gụnyere N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) na mmiri ionic dị ka 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM][OAc]).
Homogenization: Ihe ngwọta cellulose gbazere bụ homogenized iji hụ na ịdị n'otu na ịdị n'otu. Nzọụkwụ a na-enyere aka n'inweta ngwọta cellulose na-adabara adaba maka nhazi ọzọ.
Nzọụkwụ 5: Mweghachi:
Mmiri ozuzo: Ozugbo a gbazere cellulose, ọ dị mkpa ka e megharịa ya site na ihe mgbaze. A na-enweta nke a site na ịkwanye ngwọta cellulose n'ime bat na-adịghị edozi. Ihe na-adịghị edozi ahụ na-eme ka cellulose na-atụgharịghachi n'ụdị eriri ma ọ bụ ihe dị ka gel.
Ịsacha na ihicha: A na-asacha cellulose emegharịrị nke ọma iji wepụ ihe mgbaze na adịghị ọcha ọ bụla. A na-akpọzi ya ka ọ nweta ngwaahịa cellulose ikpeazụ n'ụdị eriri, flakes, ma ọ bụ ntụ ntụ, dabere na ngwa a chọrọ.
Kwụpụ 6: Njiri mara na njikwa ogo:
Nyocha: cellulose ewepụtara na-enweta usoro nyocha dị iche iche iji chọpụta ịdị ọcha ya, ịdị arọ molecular, crystallinity, na ihe ndị ọzọ. Usoro dị ka X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), na scanning eletrọn microscopy (SEM) na-ejikarị maka njirimara cellulose.
Njikwa ogo: A na-emejuputa usoro njikwa mma n'oge usoro mmịpụta niile iji hụ na ọ na-agbanwe agbanwe na nrube isi n'ụkpụrụ akọwapụtara. A na-enyocha ihe ndị dị ka ihe mgbaze, okpomọkụ, na oge nhazi iji nweta mma cellulose chọrọ.
Nzọụkwụ 7: Ngwa nke Cellulose:
Akpụkpọ anụ: Cellulose ewepụtara na owu na-ahụ na a na-eji ya eme ihe n'ụlọ ọrụ akwa maka imepụta akwa, yarn, na uwe. A na-eji ya akpọrọ ihe maka ịdị nro, nnabata ya na iku ume.
Akwụkwọ na nkwakọ ngwaahịa: Cellulose bụ isi ihe na-emepụta akwụkwọ, kaadiboodu, na ihe nkwakọba ihe. Ọ na-enye ike, ịdịte aka, na ibipụta ngwaahịa ndị a.
Ọgwụ: A na-eji ihe ndị na-emepụta cellulose dị ka cellulose acetate na hydroxypropyl cellulose mee ihe n'ụdị ọgwụ dị ka ndị na-ekekọta, ndị na-ekesa, na ndị na-ahapụ ndị na-achịkwa.
Nri na ihe ọṅụṅụ: A na-eji ihe ndị na-emepụta cellulose dị ka methyl cellulose na carboxymethyl cellulose eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ nri dị ka thickeners, stabilizers, na emulsifiers na nri na ihe ọṅụṅụ dị iche iche.
Ịwepụta cellulose na owu na-agụnye usoro usoro gụnyere iwe ihe ubi, ọgwụgwọ tupu oge eruo, nhazi ígwè ọrụ, nhazi kemịkalụ, pulping, mmụgharị, na njirimara. Nzọụkwụ ọ bụla dị mkpa maka ikewapụ cellulose dị ọcha na ihe ndị a na-achọsi ike. Cellulose ewepụtara nwere ngwa dị iche iche n'ofe ụlọ ọrụ dị ka textiles, akwụkwọ, ọgwụ na nri, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ polymer eke bara uru ma na-agbanwe agbanwe. Usoro mmịpụta nke ọma na njikwa njikwa mma na-eme ka nrụpụta cellulose dị elu dabara adaba maka ngwa dị iche iche.
Oge nzipu: Mee-06-2024