1. Njide mmiri na ihe na-eme ka ọ dị arọ
Ụdị isi nke ihe na-eme ka mmiri na-eme ka mmiri dị arọ bụ cellulose ether. Cellulose ether bụ admixture dị elu nke nwere ike ime ka arụ ọrụ nke ngwa agha dịkwuo mma na naanị ntakịrị ihe mgbakwunye. A na-agbanwe ya site na cellulose nke mmiri na-adịghị ike ime ka ọ bụrụ eriri mmiri na-agbaze site na mmeghachi omume etherification. Emere ya na ether dị larịị ma nwee ngalaba nhazi nke anhydroglucose. Ọ nwere ihe dị iche iche dịka ụdị na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị nọchiri anya n'ọnọdụ nnọchi ya. Enwere ike iji ya mee ihe dị ka onye na-agba agba iji dozie nkwekọ nke ngwa agha; njide mmiri ya Ọ nwere ike gbanwee nke ọma mmiri chọrọ nke ngwa agha, ma nwee ike jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ hapụ mmiri n'ime oge ụfọdụ, nke nwere ike hụ na slurry na mmiri na-amịpụta mmiri na-ejikọta ya nke ọma. N'otu oge ahụ, cellulose ether nwere ike gbanwee rheological Njirimara nke ngwa agha, dịkwuo workability na workability. Enwere ike iji ogige ether cellulose ndị a dị ka ihe mgbakwunye kemịkalụ na ngwa agha agwakọta akọrọ: ①Na-carboxymethyl cellulose; ②Ethyl cellulose; ③Methyl cellulose; ④ Hydroxy cellulose ether; ⑤Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose; ⑥starch ester, wdg. Mgbakwunye nke ethers cellulose dị iche iche a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu na-eme ka arụ ọrụ nke ngwa agha akọrọ akọrọ akọrọ: ① Mụbaa ịrụ ọrụ; ②Mee ka adhesion; ③ Ngwa ngwa adịghị mfe ịgbapụta ọbara na ikewapụ; Mgbochi mgbape dị mma; ⑥ Mortar dị mfe na-ewu na mkpa n'ígwé. Na mgbakwunye na ihe ndị dị n'elu, cellulose ethers dị iche iche nwekwara ihe pụrụ iche nke ha. Cai Wei nke Mahadum Chongqing chịkọtara usoro nkwalite nke methyl cellulose ether na arụmọrụ nke ngwa agha. O kwenyere na mgbe agbakwunyere MC (methyl cellulose ether) mmiri na-ejigide mmiri na ngwa agha ahụ, a ga-emepụta ọtụtụ obere afụ ikuku. Ọ na-eme dị ka ihe na-agba bọọlụ, nke na-eme ka ngwa ngwa agwakọta ọhụrụ na-arụ ọrụ, na ikuku ikuku ka na-edobe n'ime ngwa ngwa ahụ siri ike, na-eme oghere ndị nwere onwe ha ma na-egbochi pores capillary. Onye na-ejigide mmiri MC nwekwara ike melite njigide mmiri nke ngwa ngwa agwakọtara ọhụrụ ruo n'ókè dị ukwuu, nke na-enweghị ike igbochi ngwa ngwa ahụ ka ọ ghara ịgba ọbara na ikewapụ ya, kamakwa igbochi mmiri ịpụpụ ngwa ngwa ma ọ bụ na-etinye ya ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa. mmalite nke ọgwụgwọ, nke mere na ciment nwere ike ime ka mmiri dị mma, nke mere na njikọ ahụ dị mma. Mgbakwunye nke onye na-ejigide mmiri MC ga-emeziwanye mbelata nke ngwa agha ahụ. Nke a bụ ihe dị mma na-ejigide mmiri ntụ ntụ nke nwere ike jupụta na pores, nke mere na a ga-ebelata pores ndị jikọrọ ọnụ na ngwa agha ahụ, na mmiri na-ekpochapụ ikuku ga-ebelata, si otú ahụ na-ebelata nkụchi nke ngwa ngwa. uru. A na-agwakọta cellulose ether n'ụdị ngwa ngwa ngwakọta akọrọ, ọkachasị mgbe ejiri ya dị ka nrapado taịlị. Ọ bụrụ na agwakọta cellulose ether n'ime nrapado taịlị, enwere ike imeziwanye ikike ijide mmiri nke mastic tile. Cellulose ether na-egbochi mfu mmiri ngwa ngwa site na simenti gaa na mkpụrụ ma ọ bụ brik, nke mere na ciment ahụ nwere mmiri zuru ezu iji mee ka ọ sie ike nke ọma, na-agbatị oge mgbazi ahụ, na-eme ka ike nke njikọ dịkwuo mma. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, cellulose ether na-eme ka plasticity nke mastic dịkwuo mma, na-eme ka ihe owuwu dị mfe, na-eme ka mpaghara kọntaktị dị n'etiti mastic na brik ahụ, na-ebelata nkwụsị na nkwụsị nke mastic, ọ bụrụgodị na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke otu unit dị ukwuu na nke ahụ. njupụta elu dị elu. A na-arapara taịlị ndị ahụ n'elu elu kwụ ọtọ na-enweghị mwepụ nke mastic. Cellulose ether nwekwara ike igbu oge nguzobe nke akpụkpọ ciment, gbatịa oge oghere, ma mee ka ọnụ ọgụgụ simenti na-arụ ọrụ.
2. Organic eriri
Enwere ike kewaa eriri ndị a na-eji ngwa ngwa n'ime eriri igwe, eriri inorganic na eriri organic dịka ihe onwunwe ha siri dị. Ịtinye eriri n'ime ngwa agha ahụ nwere ike imeziwanye arụmọrụ mgbochi mgbawa na mgbochi ịhụ peeji. A na-etinyekarị eriri ndị na-emepụta ihe na ngwa ngwa agwakọta akọrọ iji kwalite enweghị ike na mgbawa nke ngwa agha ahụ. A na-ejikarị eriri organic eme ihe: polypropylene fiber (PP), polyamide (nylon) (PA) fiber, polyvinyl alcohol (vinylon) (PVA) fiber, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyethylene fiber, polyester fiber, wdg. N'ime ha, eriri polypropylene bụ eriri polypropylene. ugbu a nke kachasị eji eme ihe. Ọ bụ polymer kristal nke nwere nhazi oge niile nke propylene monomer mere n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ. Ọ nwere nguzogide corrosion kemịkalụ, ezigbo nhazi, ịdị arọ dị arọ, obere mbelata na-akpụ akpụ, yana ọnụ ala dị ala. Na njirimara ndị ọzọ, na n'ihi na eriri polypropylene na-eguzogide acid na alkali, ma ọ dịghị emeghachi omume na ihe ndị dabeere na ciment, ọ natara nlebara anya zuru oke n'ụlọ na ná mba ọzọ. A na-ekewa mmetụta mgbochi mgbawa nke eriri ndị a gwakọtara na ngwa agha na nkebi abụọ: otu bụ ọkwa ngwa agha rọba; nke ọzọ bụ agba agba agba agba. N'ime ogbo plastik nke ngwa agha ahụ, eriri ndị na-ekesa nke ọma na-enye usoro netwọk nke akụkụ atọ, nke na-ekere òkè n'ịkwado nchịkọta dị mma, na-egbochi nhazi nke nchịkọta dị mma, ma na-ebelata nkewa. Nkewa nkewa bụ isi ihe kpatara mgbawa nke ngwa agha ahụ, na mgbakwunye nke eriri na-ebelata nkewa nke ngwa agha ma na-ebelata ohere nke ịgbawa elu igwe. N'ihi ikuku nke mmiri na ogbo plastik, mbelata nke ngwa agha ahụ ga-eme ka nrụgide dị ike, na mgbakwunye nke eriri nwere ike iburu nrụgide a. N'ebe a na-esi ike ngwa ngwa, n'ihi ịdị adị nke ihicha ihicha, carbonization shrinkage, na okpomọkụ shrinkage, a ga-enwekwa nchekasị n'ime ngwa agha ahụ. microcrack ndọtị. Yuan Zhenyu na ndị ọzọ kwubiri site na nyocha nke ule nguzogide mgbape nke efere ngwa agha ahụ na ịgbakwụnye polypropylene fiber na ngwa agha ahụ nwere ike belata ihe omume nke mgbawa rọba na-ebelata nke ukwuu ma melite mgbape mgbape nke ngwa agha ahụ. Mgbe ọdịnaya nke eriri polypropylene dị na ngwa agha bụ 0.05% na 0.10%, enwere ike ibelata mgbawa site na 65% na 75% n'otu n'otu. Huang Chengya na ndị ọzọ si School of Materials, South China University of Technology, na-kweere site n'ibu arụmọrụ ule nke gbanwetụrụ polypropylene eriri ciment dabeere mejupụtara ihe na-agbakwụnye a obere ego nke polypropylene eriri na ciment ngwa agha nwere ike melite flexural na mkpakọ ike. nke ciment ụrọ. Ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị mma nke eriri na ciment mortar bụ ihe dịka 0.9kg / m3, ọ bụrụ na ego ahụ karịrị ego a, ike na ike siri ike nke eriri na ngwa ngwa ciment agaghị eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma, ọ bụghịkwa akụ na ụba. Ịtinye eriri na ngwa agha ahụ nwere ike ime ka ngwa ngwa ghara ịdị mfe. Mgbe matriks simenti na-ebelata, n'ihi ọrụ nke mma nchara nchara nke eriri na-arụ, a na-eri ike nke ọma. Ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na e nwere micro-cracks mgbe coagulation gasịrị, n'okpuru ọrụ nke nrụgide n'ime na n'èzí, mgbasawanye nke cracks ga-egbochi usoro netwọk eriri. , Ọ na-esiri ike ịmalite n'ime nnukwu mgbawa, n'ihi ya, ọ na-esiri ike ịmepụta okporo ụzọ site na seepage, si otú ahụ meziwanye impermeability nke ngwa agha.
3. Onye ọrụ mgbasawanye
Ihe na-eme ka mgbasawanye bụ ihe ọzọ dị mkpa na-egbochi mgbawa na mgbochi seepage na ngwa ngwa mix mix. Ihe mgbasawanye nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ AEA, UEA, CEA na ndị ọzọ. Ihe mgbasawanye AEA nwere uru nke nnukwu ike, obere usoro onunu ogwu, ike dị elu, mbelata akọrọ, na ọdịnaya alkali dị ala. Calcium aluminate mineral CA na elu-alumina clinker na mpaghara AEA na-ebu ụzọ meghachi omume na CaSO4 na Ca (OH) 2 iji mee ka hydrate na-emepụta calcium sulfoaluminate hydrate (ettringite) ma gbasaa. UEA na-ewepụtakwa ettringite iji mepụta mgbasawanye, ebe CEA na-ebutekarị calcium hydroxide. AEA mgbasa ozi bụ calcium aluminate mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi, nke bụ mgbasawanye admixture mere site na-ichikota ụfọdụ òkè nke elu-alumina clinker, eke alunite na gypsum. Mgbasawanye etolite mgbe mgbakwunye nke AEA bụ n'ihi akụkụ abụọ: na mmalite nke ciment hydration, calcium aluminate mineral CA na elu alumina clinker na AEA akụrụngwa na-ebu ụzọ meghachi omume na CaSO4 na Ca (OH) 2, na hydrates. iji mepụta calcium sulfoaluminate hydrate (ettringite) ma gbasaa, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mgbasawanye buru ibu. Ettringite a na-emepụta na hydrated aluminum hydroxide gel na-eme ka usoro mgbasawanye na usoro gel dabara adaba, nke ọ bụghị nanị na-eme ka ọrụ mgbasawanye ahụ dịkwuo elu ma na-eme ka ike dị ike. N'etiti etiti na njedebe oge, ettringite na-emepụtakwa ettringite n'okpuru mkpali nke gypsum lime na-emepụta micro-mgbasawanye, nke na-eme ka microstructure nke ciment mkpokọta interface. Mgbe AEA gbakwunyere na ngwa agha ahụ, nnukwu ettringite nke a na-emepụta na mmalite na etiti etiti ga-amụba ụda nke ngwa agha ahụ, mee ka ihe dị n'ime ya dịkwuo mma, meziwanye usoro pore nke ngwa agha ahụ, belata macropores, belata mkpokọta. porosity, ma na-emeziwanye impermeability. Mgbe ngwa agha ahụ nọ n'ọnọdụ akọrọ na ọkwa ikpeazụ, mgbasawanye na mmalite na etiti etiti nwere ike ịkwụsị ihe niile ma ọ bụ akụkụ nke shrinkage n'oge ikpeazụ, nke mere na nkwụsị mgbape na nkwụsị nke seepage na-eme ka mma. A na-eme ihe na-agbasa UEA site na ogige inorganic dị ka sulfates, alumina, potassium sulfoaluminate na calcium sulfate. Mgbe UEA na-agwakọta n'ime ciment na ego kwesịrị ekwesị, ọ nwere ike nweta ọrụ nke ịkwụ ụgwọ shrinkage, nkwụsị mgbawa na mgbochi nkwụsị. Mgbe agbakwunyere UEA na ciment nkịtị ma gwakọta ya, ọ ga-emeghachi omume na calcium silicate na hydrate iji mepụta Ca (OH) 2, nke ga-emepụta sulfoaluminic acid. Calcium (C2A · 3CaSO4 · 32H2O) bụ ettringite, nke na-eme ka ụrọ simenti gbasaa n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị, na mmụba nke ngwa ngwa ciment dị nhata na ọdịnaya nke UEA, na-eme ka ngwa agha ahụ buru ibu, na-enwe nnukwu nkwụsị mgbawa na enweghị ike. Lin Wentian tinyere ngwa ngwa simenti gwakọtara ya na UEA na mgbidi mpụta, wee nweta mmetụta mgbochi mkpofu dị mma. A na-eji nkume nzu, ụrọ (ma ọ bụ ụrọ alumina dị elu), na ntụ ntụ, nke a na-agbakọ na 1350-1400ºC, wee gbadaa ka ọ rụọ ọrụ mgbasawanye CEA. Ndị ọrụ mgbasa ozi CEA nwere isi mmalite mgbasawanye abụọ: CaO hydration iji mepụta Ca (OH) 2; C3A ma rụọ ọrụ Al2O3 ka ọ bụrụ ettringite n'ụdị gypsum na Ca (OH) 2.
4. Plasticizer
Mortar plasticizer bụ ntụ ntụ ntụ ntụ na-eme ka ikuku na-eme ka ikuku na-agbakọta site na polymers organic na admixtures kemịkalụ inorganic, ma bụrụ ihe anionic na-arụ ọrụ. Ọ nwere ike belata esemokwu elu nke ngwọta, ma mepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke mechiri emechi na obere egosipụta (n'ozuzu 0.25-2.5mm na dayameta) n'oge ngwakọta nke ngwa agha na mmiri. Ebe dị anya n'etiti microbubbles dị ntakịrị na nkwụsi ike dị mma, nke nwere ike imeziwanye ọrụ nke ngwa agha. ; Ọ nwere ike ịgbasa irighiri ciment, kwalite mmeghachi omume hydration ciment, kwalite ike ngwa agha, enweghị ike na nguzogide oyi, ma belata akụkụ nke ciment oriri; ọ nwere ezigbo viscosity, ike mmachi nke ngwa agha agwakọta ya na ya, ọ pụkwara ịdị mma gbochie nsogbu ndị a na-enwekarị ụlọ dị ka ịkwanye (ịkụnye oghere), mgbawa, na mmiri na-esi na mgbidi; ọ nwere ike imeziwanye gburugburu ebe owuwu ihe, belata oke ọrụ, ma kwalite ihe owuwu mepere emepe; ọ bụ nnukwu uru akụ na ụba na mmekọrịta ọha na eze nwere ike imeziwanye ogo oru ngo ma belata ngwaahịa enyi na gburugburu ebe obibi na nchekwa ike na ọnụ ahịa ihe owuwu dị ala. Lignosulfonate bụ plasticizer nke a na-ejikarị na ngwa ngwa ntụ ntụ akọrọ, nke bụ ihe efu sitere na igwe igwe akwụkwọ, yana usoro ọgwụgwọ ya bụ 0.2% ruo 0.3%. A na-ejikarị plastik eme ihe na ngwa agha na-achọ ezigbo nhazi nke onwe, dị ka ihe nrịbama nke onwe, ngwa agha elu ma ọ bụ ọkwa ọkwa. Ịgbakwunye plasticizers n'ime ngwa agha masonry nwere ike imeziwanye ọrụ nke ngwa agha ahụ, melite njide mmiri, mmiri na-ejikọta ọnụ nke ngwa agha ahụ, ma merie adịghị ike nke ngwa ngwa ngwakọta nke ciment dị ka ihe mgbawa na-agbawa agbawa, nnukwu nkwụsị na ike dị ala, iji hụ na ọ dị mma. Ogo nke masonry. Ọ nwere ike ịchekwa 50% lime tapawa na plasta ngwa agha, na ngwa agha adịghị mfe ịgbapụta ma ọ bụ ikewapụ; ngwa agha nwere ezigbo mmachi na mkpụrụ; oyi akwa elu enweghị ihe na-eme nnu, ma nwee ezigbo nguzogide mgbape, ntu oyi na nguzogide ihu igwe.
5. Hydrophobic mgbakwunye
Ihe mgbakwunye hydrophobic ma ọ bụ ihe ndị na-egbochi mmiri na-egbochi mmiri ịbanye na ngwa ngwa ma na-edobe ngwa agha ahụ ka o kwe ka mgbasa nke vepo mmiri. Ihe mgbakwunye hydrophobic maka ngwaahịa ngwa agha agwakọta akọrọ kwesịrị inwe njirimara ndị a: ①Ọ kwesịrị ịbụ ngwaahịa ntụ ntụ; ② Nwee ezigbo agwakọta agwa; ③Mee ngwa agha ahụ ka ọ bụrụ hydrophobic dum ma nọgide na-enwe mmetụta ogologo oge; ④ Njikọ na elu Ike enweghị mmetụta ọjọọ doro anya; ⑤ enyi na enyi na gburugburu ebe obibi. Hydrophobic agents eji ugbu a bụ fatty acid metal salts, dị ka calcium stearate; silane. Otú ọ dị, calcium stearate abụghị ihe mgbakwunye hydrophobic kwesịrị ekwesị maka ngwa ngwa agwakọta akọrọ, karịsịa maka plasta maka ihe owuwu ihe, n'ihi na ọ na-esiri ike ịgwakọta ngwa ngwa na n'otu n'otu na ngwa ngwa ciment. A na-ejikarị ihe mgbakwunye hydrophobic eme ihe na plasta maka sistemu mkpuchi ikuku nke dị n'èzí, grout tile, ngwa mma nwere agba mara mma, na ngwa plasta mmiri na-adịghị maka mgbidi dị n'èzí.
6. Ihe mgbakwunye ndị ọzọ
A na-eji coagulant emezigharị ntọala na ihe siri ike nke ngwa agha ahụ. A na-eji calcium formate na lithium carbonate mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe. A na-ebukarị ibu bụ 1% calcium formate na 0.2% lithium carbonate. Dị ka ndị na-eme ngwa ngwa, a na-ejikwa retarders na-edozi ntọala na ike siri ike nke ngwa agha. Tartaric acid, citric acid na nnu ha, na gluconate ejirila nke ọma mee ihe. Usoro ọgwụgwọ a na-ahụkarị bụ 0.05% ~ 0.2%. Defoamer ntụ ntụ na-ebelata ọdịnaya ikuku nke ngwa agha ọhụrụ. Ndị defoamers ntụ ntụ na-adabere na ụdị kemịkal dị iche iche dị ka hydrocarbons, polyethylene glycols ma ọ bụ polysiloxanes adsorbed na nkwado inorganic. Starch ether nwere ike ịbawanye nkwụsi ike nke ngwa agha ahụ nke ukwuu, wee si otú a na-abawanye agụụ mmiri na uru mkpụrụ, ma belata ogo mgbada nke ngwa agha agwakọtara ọhụrụ. Nke a na-enye ohere ka ngwa ngwa na-aba ụba na nrapado taịlị ahụ na-arapara na taịl nile dị arọ nke na-adịchaghị ala.
Oge nzipu: Feb-06-2023