1. Njide mmiri na ihe eji eme ihe
Typedị isi mmiri na-ejigide ihe ndị na-eme mkpọtụ bụ cellulose ether. Celligul eathar bụ arụmọrụ na-emetụta nke nwere ike ime ka ọtụtụ arụmọrụ nke ngwa ngwa nke ngwa agha na obere mgbakwunye. A gbanwere ya site na mmiri-innosuble cellose n'ime eriri mmiri site na mmeghachi omume. Emere ya nke ukwuu ether ma nwee ngalaba nhazi nke Anhydrogluse. O nwere ihe di iche di iche dika udiri na onu ogugu nke di iche iche na nbanye ya. Enwere ike iji ya dị ka onye na-eto eto iji dozie nha nke ngwa agha; O nwere ike imeghari mmiri mmiri ahụ nke ngwa agha, ma nwee ike jiri nwayọ wepụta mmiri n'ime oge ụfọdụ, nke nwere ike ijide n'aka na a na-ejikọ mmiri ahụ. N'otu oge ahụ, cellulose eather nwere ike ịgbanwe ihe ndị na-egbu egbu nke ngwa agha, mụbaa ọrụ na ọrụ ọrụ. Enwere ike iji ogige cellulose a nwere ike iji dị ka ihe mgbakwunye kemịkal a gwakọtara: Ethyyl cellulose; ③methyl cellulose; ④hydroxy sellose ether; ⑤hydyypyylthththth methyl cellulose; Esterch Ester, wdg. Ewere ihe ndị a kpọtụrụ aha dị iche iche a kpọtụrụ aha dị iche iche na-eme ka arụmọrụ nke ngwa agha a kpọrọ nkụ: Na-agbanwe agbanwe; ③ehi ngwa agha adịghị mfe ọbara na iche; Ezigbo nguzogide; ⑥ stor dị mfe iwu ke ígwè. Na mgbakwunye na akụrụngwa ndị dị n'elu, evethers dị iche iche mkpụrụ akụ na-enwekwa ihe ndị ha nwere. Cai Wei site na Chongqing Mahadum nke Chongqing na-achịkọta usoro mmelite nkethyl clasdose ether na arụmọrụ nke ngwa agha. O kwenyere na mgbe ị na-etinye MC (methy cellulose eat) mmiri na-ejigide gị n'ụlọ ọrụ, ọtụtụ ihe ndị na-egosipụta ikuku ikuku. Ọ na-eme ka bọlbụ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ọrụ nke ngwa agha ahụ dị mma, na ikuku ikuku na-echekwa ahụ, na-akpụ pores na-egbochi pores. Mc mmiri na-ejigide onye na-eche nche nwekwara ike ime ka mmiri dị mma nke a gwakọtara ọnụ, nke na-enweghị ike igbochi mmiri ahụ ngwa ngwa ma ọ bụ na-etinye ya ngwa ngwa Oge mbu nke ịgwọ ọrịa, nke mere na ciment nwere ike ịlekọta nke ọma, nke mere na ike nke njikọ dị mma. Incorporporation nke Mc Water-Ichigide ga-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe mgbatị ahụ. Nke a bụ ihe na-eme ka mmiri na-akwụ ụgwọ nke nwere ike jupụta na pores, nke mere na a ga-ebelata pores na-ebelata, na-enwe mmiri na mmiri ga-ebelata, si otú a na -ebelata obere ihe ọkụkụ. bara uru. A na-agwakọta Ewer na-agwakọta nke ọma na ngwa agha-gwakọta ngwa agha, ọkachasị mgbe ejiri ya dị ka taịlị. Ọ bụrụ na a gwakọtara eut cell n'ime taịlị, enwere ike ime ka ọ dịkwuo mma. Ohere sel na-egbochi mmiri site na ciment ruo mkpụrụ ma ọ bụ brick, nke mere na ciment nwere mmiri zuru oke, ma na-eme ka njikọta nke njikọ sie ike. Na mgbakwunye, ethrultose e nwere mma na-eme ka plastik dị mfe, na-eme ka ụlọ kọntaktị dị n'etiti maristic, ọ bụrụ na ọ ga-abawanye mpaghara mpaghara buru ibu na Inwe njupụta elu dị elu. Taịlị na-achagharị na vetikal na-enweghị mkpụbelata nke mastic. Mkpụrụ osisi ether nwere ike igbu oge guzobe ahụ ciment ahụ, mee ka oge gboo, ma nwekwuo ọnụego ciment.
2.. Eriri organic
Enwere ike ekewa eriri ndị a na-eji eme ihe mgbochi na eriri ọla, na eriri dị iche iche na ngwakọta organic dị ka ihe onwunwe ha si dị. Na-agbakwunye eriri n'ime ngwa agha ahụ nwere ike ime ka ọ dịkwuo mma mgbochi na arụmọrụ na mgbochi. A na-agbakwunye eriri eji eme ihe ubi na ngwa agha akọrọ iji meziwanye ezughị oke na mgbawa nke ngwa agha. A na-ejikarị eriri nri ndị a na-ejikarị: polypropylene (PP), polyamide) (PVA), polyethyl eriri, wdg. N'ime ha, eriri polypropylene Ugbu a, ndị kacha eme ihe. Ọ bụ polymer mkpu na-acha ọbara ọbara nke posmener mgbe niile nke ndị na-ekwu okwu dị n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ. O nwere ike iguzogide ọgwụ, arụmọrụ dị mma, ịdị arọ ọkụ, obere ọpụpụ, na ọnụ ala dị ala. Na njirimara ndị ọzọ, yana eriri nke polypropylerine na-eguzogide acid na alkali, ma ọ dịghịkwa ihe ndị sitere na ciment, enweela ntị zuru ezu n'ụlọ na mba ọzọ. Mmetụta mgbochi nke eriri ejikọtara na ngwa agha bụ nke ekewaara ya abụọ: otu bụ plastik ogbo; Nke ọzọ bụ ihe ndị ahụ siri ike. Na ogbo rọba nke ngwa agha, a na-ekesakwa eriri nke na-ekesasị na-egosi ihe owuwu network atọ, nke na-ekere òkè na ịkwado nchịkọta ahụ, na-egbochi ọhụhụ. Ihe otiti bụ isi ihe kpatara na ngwa agha nke ngwa agha, na mgbakwunye nke eriri nke ngwa agha ma na-ebelata ohere ịmịsa nke ngwa agha. N'ihi mkpọda mmiri na gburugburu plastic, ebelata nke ngwa agha ga-amịpụta nrụgide tensi, na mgbakwunye nke eriri nwere ike ibute nrụgide tensile a. Na ike hardening ogbo nke ngwa agha, n'ihi ịdị adị nke ihicha nkụda mmụọ, carbonation na-emebi, na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ, a ga-emepụtakwa ọgba aghara n'ime ngwa agha. ndọtị microcrock. Yuan Zhenyu na ndị ọzọ kwubiri site na nyocha nke ngbanwe mkpọchi nke ngwa agha nke na-agbakwunye eriri na-agbakwụnye ma melite nguzogide nke ngwa agha. Mgbe olu ọdịnaya nke polypropylene eriri dị na ngwa agha bụ 0.05% na 0.10%, cracks nwere ike belata ya na 65% na 75%, n'otu n'otu. Huang Chengya na ndị ọzọ sitere na ụlọ akwụkwọ, Mahadum South China, kwekọkwara site na usoro arụmọrụ nke polypropylene na-agbakwunye nnwapụta ciment nwere ike imeziwanye mgbanwe na ike nke ciment. Oke kachasị mma nke eriri ciment bụ ihe dị ka 0.9KG / M3, ọ bụrụ na ego karịrị ego a, ihe na-ewusi ike na nke na-agba ume nke eriri na Cruts ga-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma, ọ bụghịkwa akụ na ụba. Na-agbakwunye eriri ruo na ngwa agha nwere ike ime ka enweghị ike ọgwụgwụ nke ngwa agha. Mgbe ciment Matrix na-ebelata, n'ihi ọrụ dị mma nchara nke eriri, a na-eri nke ọma. Ọ bụrụgodi na enwere micro-cracks mgbe a na-emebi emebi, n'okpuru omume nke nrụgide dị n'ime na nke mpụga, mgbasawanye nke cracks na sistemụ netwọkụ. , O siri ike ịzụlite n'ime nnukwu cracks, yabụ o siri ike ịmepụta ụzọ dị mfe, si otú a na-eme ka ndị agha ahụ dị mma.
3. Mgbasa Ozi Mgbasa
Mgbasawanye Mgbapụta bụ ihe ọzọ dị mkpa na mgbochi na-egwuri egwu na ngwakọta-ngwa ngwa ngwa mpịachi. Ndị na-eme mkpọtụ na-ejikarị Aea, UEa, cia na ihe ndị ọzọ. AA AA na-awụsa na-ahụ maka nnukwu ike, obere ọgwụ, elu post-ike, ọdịnaya ala na ala alkali. The calcim allanate mineral car na elu -luna clinker na mpaghara AA (oh) 2 na hydrate sulfoalmite hydralumite (na na) ma gbasaa. UA na-emekwa ka e nwee ike iwebawanye mgbasa, mgbe cea na-akpata hydroxide hydroxide. AA AA AA AA AA AA AA na-akwụ ụgwọ bụ onye na-eme mkpọtụ na-agagharị, nke bụ mmụba na-eme ka a na-agbasawanye site na oke na-egweri nke oke nke elu-alumina na gypsum. Mgbasawanye na mgbe mgbakwunye AEA bụ n'ihi akụkụ abụọ: na mmalite nke ciment hydration na AEL CLINKERS na Cano4 na Caldtates Iji mepụta calcium sọlfọ site na hydrate) ma gbasaa, mmụba nke mgbasawanye buru ibu. Undrinite a aluminite aluminod hydroxide gel na-eme ka mgbasawanye na gel na-eme ka ọ daba adaba, nke ọ bụghị naanị na-eme ka mmụba dị elu ma na-emekwa ka ike gwụ. N'etiti etiti na mbubreyo, wdtrigiiti na-ewetakwa egwerite n'okpuru ihe na-atọ ụtọ nke lime gypsum iji mepụta mgbasawanye micro-mgbasa, nke na-eme ka microsbecure nke ciment ciment. Mgbe agbakwunyere asịrị na ngwa agha ahụ, oke nke ethtraiti mepụtara na mmalite na etiti ga-agbasa olu nke ngwa agha, belata macropores, belata mkpokọta Ndumodu, ma melite ndị na-adịghị mma na-ezughị okè. Mgbe ngwa agha ahụ dị na ọkwa a kpọrọ nkụ na mgbe e mesịrị, mmụba ahụ na mmalite na etiti ga-ewe oge na-ada ma ọ bụ akụkụ mgbape na ọnọdụ mgbochi na-emegide nguzogide na-eguzogide na-eguzogide ike. A na-ewulite ndị na-eto eto site na ogige nke inorganic dị ka sọlfọ, alumina, potassium sulfolumite na calcium sulfate. Mgbe a gwakọtara ua n'ime ciment na ego kwesịrị ekwesị, ọ nwere ike nweta ọrụ nke ịkwụ ụgwọ, mgbape na-eguzogide na mgbochi na mgbochi. Mgbe agbakwunyere Urea na ciment nkịtị ma gwakọta ya, ọ ga-eme na calcium mer na hydrate iji mepụta ca (oh) 2, nke ga-ebute sulfoluminic acid. Calcium (C2A · · · · · · 32H2O) bụ ebe a na-eme ihe mgbochi na-agbasawanye, na-eme ka ihe mgbochi siri ike, na-enwe oke iguzogide na adịghị elu na adịghị elu. Lin Rigian tinyere gent ciment jikọtara ya na UEA gaa na mgbidi dị na mpụga, ma nweta ezigbo mgbochi mgbochi mgbochi. A na-eme mkpọsa a na-ahụ maka okwute, ụrọ (ma ọ bụ ụrọ alumina dị elu), na ntụ ntụ na 1350-1400 Celsius C, wee mee ka Celsius Celsius. Cea ndị mmadụ na-emebe nwere isi mmalite abụọ dị iche iche: Cao Hydration iji mepụta C (Oh) 2; C3A ma rụọ ọrụ Al2o3 iji mepụta wdttate na ọkara nke gypsum na CA (oh) 2.
4.. Plastizer
Mpempe akwụkwọ rọker bụ ngwa agha na-adọba mmasị na-etinyekarị site na polymers na kemịkal kemịkalụ dị, ma bụ ihe eji arụ ọrụ. Ọ nwere ike belata esemokwu elu nke ihe ngwọta ahụ, ma mepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu mechiri emechi (n'ozuzu 0.25mM na dayameta) n'oge ngwanchi nke ngwa agha. Ogologo n'etiti microBubeble dị obere ma kwụsie ike, nke nwere ike ime ka ọ dị mma ka ọ dị mma. ; Ọ nwere ike ịgbasa ihe hiri nne ma ọ bụ kwalite mmeghachi omume crdDoration, ka ọ dịkwuo ike ụkọ mmiri, na-adịghị ike na nguzogide na-eguzogide pecentration; O nwere ezigbo nlebara anya nke ngwa agha juru na ya, ma nwee ike igbochi nsogbu ndị dị ka shelling (na-agbaji), na mmiri na mmiri; Ọ nwere ike melite gburugburu ebe nrụpụta, belata ọrụ ike, ma na-akwalite owuwu nkịtị; Ọ bụ uru akụ na ụba na mmekọrịta ọhaneze dị oke mkpa nke nwere ike meziwanye ọnọdụ ime ihe ma belata ngwaahịa gburugburu na nke na-echekwa ike na ọnụahịa dị ala. Egbugbere ọnụ bụ ihe a na-ejikarị rọba na-ejikarị ya na ngwa agha akọrọ, nke bụ mkpofu igwe, na usoro onunu ogwu ya bu 0.2%. A na-ejikarị ngwa agha na-eji ngwa agha na-achọ ezigbo ilebara onwe ya anya, dị ka oke bekee, ngwa ngwa ma ọ bụ ngwa agha dị n'ọkụ. Na-agbakwunye fọdụrụ na ngwa agha nke masonry nwere ike imeziwanye ọrụ nke ngwa agha, na-eme ka njigide nke ngwa agha, ma merie nnukwu ihe ọkụkụ, nnukwu nzage na ike dị ala, iji hụ na Ogo nke masonry. Ọ nwere ike ịchekwa pasteti 50% na ngwa agha plasta, na ngwa agha adịghị mfe ọbara ma ọ bụ iche; ihe mgbochi ahụ nwere ezigbo ndọnye ndụ na mkpụrụ; elu oyi akwa enweghị salting-apụ apụ, ma nwee ezigbo nguzogide, ntugide na-eguzogide na udu mmiri.
5. Ntụgharị Hydrophobic
Ihe mgbakwunye ya hydrophobic ma ọ bụ rerells mmiri na-egbochi mmiri ịbanye na ngwa agha ahụ ka ị na-eme ka agha emeghe iji kwe ka mgbasa nke mmiri dị iche iche. Ihe mgbakwunye hydrophobic maka ngwaahịa ngwa agha a gwakọtara agwakọtara: ①it kwesịrị ịbụ ngwaahịa ntụ ntụ; ②have ezigbo agwakọta. Ngwa ngwa ngwa agha ahụ dị ka hydroobic ma nọgide na-enwe mmetụta ogologo oge; Idobe elu elu enweghị mmetụta na-adịghị mma; ⑤ ebe obibi na gburugburu. Ndị ọrụ hydrophobic na-ejikarị nnu acid acid, dị ka calcim siri ike; silane. Agbanyeghị, calcium Stearate bụ ihe dị mma hydrophobic dị mma maka ngwa agha a gwakọtara agwakọta, n'ihi na o siri ike ịgwakọta ngwa ngwa na uwe mwụda. A na-ejikarị ihe ndị na-eme ihe eji eme ihe na-eji ngwa ngwa na-agba ngwa ngwa plasta ismal na mpụga usoro mkpuchi ikuku dị na mpụga, akwara ndị nwere agba, na ngwa agha na-eji mmiri mmiri na-asọ oyi maka mgbidi mpụga.
6.. Ihe ndị ọzọ
A na-eji coagulant emezie ntọala na akụrụngwa na-edozi nke ngwa agha. A na-eji carbonate na littonium carbonate na-eme ọtụtụ ihe. Thedị ahụkarị bụ 1% calcium mejupụtara na 0.2% lith litborate. Dị ka sistemụ ngwa ngwa, a na-ejikwa ndị na-azụ ahịa gbanwee ntọala na akụrụngwa ngwa agha. Tartaric acid, citric acid na nnu ha, na glukona nke ọma. Usoro ọgwụgwọ ahụ bụ 0.05% ~ 0.2%. Ntụpọ na-acha uhie uhie na-ebelata ikuku ọdịnaya ọhụrụ. Ntụgharị na-eme ka mmiri dị iche iche dabere na òtù ahụ kemịkal dị iche iche dịka hydrocarbons, polyethylene glycols ma ọ bụ poly polysorbed na nkwado. Starch ealt nwere ike ime ka ịbawanye ngbanwe nke ngwa agha ahụ, yabụ jiri nwayọ na-abawanye mmiri ahụ ma na-abara uru, ma belata ogo ịmịkọrọ nke ngwa ngwa. Nke a na-eme ka ihe a na-eme ka mmiri mee ka ọ dị ma sie ike ịdaba na taịlị na-adịghị mma.
Oge post: Feb-06-2023