CMC eji na nri
Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium CMC) bụ a carboxymethylated mmepụta nke cellulose, nke a makwaara dị ka cellulose gum, na kasị mkpa ionic cellulose gum.
CMC na-abụkarị onyinye polymer anionic enwetara site na ime cellulose eke sitere na caustic alkali na monochloroacetic acid. Arọ molekụla nke ogige ahụ sitere na ọtụtụ puku ruo otu nde. eriri unit nke molekul
CMC bụ nke mgbanwe nke cellulose eke. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Nri na Ọrụ Ugbo nke United Nations (FAO) na Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ahụ Ike Ụwa (WHO) akpọọla ya "cellulose gbanwere". Usoro njikọ nke sodium carboxymethyl cellulose bụ nke German E.Jansen chepụtara na 1918, ma kwadoro ya na 1921 ma mee ka ụwa mara ya, kemgbe ahụ a na-ere ya na Europe.
A na-eji CMC naanị maka ngwaahịa crude, dị ka colloid na ihe nkedo. Site na 1936 ruo 1941, nyocha ngwa mmepụta ihe nke sodium carboxymethyl cellulose na-arụsi ọrụ ike, na e bipụtara ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ikike nghọta. N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, Germany na-eji CMC na ihe ndị na-emepụta sịntetik dị ka onye na-egbochi reposition, Na dị ka ihe na-anọchi anya ụfọdụ chịngọm eke (dị ka gelatin, gum arabic), ụlọ ọrụ CMC emeela nke ọma.
A na-eji CMC eme ihe na mmanụ ala, geological, kemịkalụ kwa ụbọchị, nri, ọgwụ na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ, nke a maara dị ka “monosodium glutamate industrial”.
01 Akụkụ
Njirimara nhazi nke CMC
CMC bụ ntụ ntụ ọcha ma ọ bụ ubé odo, granular ma ọ bụ fibrous siri ike. Ọ bụ kemịkalụ macromolecular nke nwere ike ịmịnye mmiri wee zaa. Mgbe fụrụ akpụ n'ime mmiri, ọ nwere ike ịmepụta gluu na-ahụ anya. pH nke nkwusioru aqueous bụ 6.5-8.5. Ihe na-adịghị ahụkebe na ihe mgbaze organic dị ka ethanol, ether, acetone na chloroform.
CMC siri ike kwụsiri ike na ọkụ na ọnụ ụlọ, enwere ike ịchekwa ya ogologo oge na ebe akọrọ. CMC bụ ụdị cellulose ether. A na-emekarị ya site na obere owu linter (ọdịnaya cellulose ruo 98%) ma ọ bụ osisi pulp, nke a na-eji sodium hydroxide agwọ ya wee meghachi ya na sodium monochloroacetate. Ihe dị arọ nke ngwongwo ahụ bụ 6400 (± 1000). A na-enwekarị ụzọ nkwadebe abụọ: ụzọ coal-water na usoro mgbaze. E nwekwara eriri osisi ndị ọzọ a na-eji eme CMC.
02 Akụkụ
Atụmatụ na ngwa
CMC abụghị naanị ezigbo emulsion stabilizer na thickener na ngwa nri, kamakwa ọ nwere ezigbo oyi na nkwụsi ike na-agbaze, ma nwee ike melite ekpomeekpo nke ngwaahịa ahụ ma gbatịa oge nchekwa.
Na 1974, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) na World Health Organisation (WHO) kwadoro iji CMC dị ọcha maka nri mgbe nyocha na nyocha siri ike nke ndu na toxicological. Nri oriri nchekwa ọkọlọtọ mba ụwa (ADI) bụ 25mg/kg arọ ahụ kwa ụbọchị.
2.1 Ịkwụsi ike na emulsification
Iri CMC nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ na emulsification na nkwụsi ike nke ihe ọṅụṅụ nwere mmanụ na protein. Nke a bụ n'ihi na CMC na-aghọ colloid kwụsiri ike mgbe agbazere ya na mmiri, na protein ahụ na-aghọ akụkụ nke nwere otu ụgwọ ahụ n'okpuru nchebe nke ihe nkiri colloid, nke nwere ike ime ka protein protein dị jụụ. Ọ nwekwara mmetụta emulsification ụfọdụ, ya mere, n'otu oge ahụ, ọ nwere ike ibelata esemokwu dị n'etiti abụba na mmiri, nke mere na abụba nwere ike ịme emulsified nke ọma.
CMC nwere ike imeziwanye nkwụsi ike nke ngwaahịa ahụ n'ihi na mgbe uru pH nke ngwaahịa ahụ na-esi na ebe isoelectric nke protein, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose nwere ike ịmepụta usoro mgbagwoju anya na protein, nke nwere ike imeziwanye nkwụsi ike nke ngwaahịa ahụ.
2.2 Na-abawanye ibu
Ojiji nke CMC na ice cream nwere ike ime ka mgbasawanye nke ice cream dịkwuo elu, mee ka ọsọ ọsọ na-agbaze, na-enye ọdịdị dị mma na uto, ma na-achịkwa nha na uto nke kristal ice n'oge njem na nchekwa. Ọnụ ego ejiri mee ihe bụ 0.5% nke mkpokọta. Agbakwunyere oke.
Nke a bụ n'ihi na CMC nwere ezigbo njigide mmiri na dispersibility, na organically jikọtara protein ahụ, abụba globules na mmiri molekul na colloid na-etolite a edo na kwụsiri ike usoro.
2.3 Hydrophilicity na rehydration
A na-ejikarị ihe a na-arụ ọrụ nke CMC eme ihe na mmepụta achịcha, nke nwere ike ime ka mmanụ aṅụ na-edozi, mee ka olu dịkwuo elu, belata slag, ma nwee mmetụta nke ịnọgide na-ekpo ọkụ na nke ọhụrụ; Noodles agbakwunyere na CMC nwere njigide mmiri dị mma, nguzogide nri na ezigbo ụtọ.
A na-ekpebi nke a site na usoro ihe omimi nke CMC, nke bụ mkpụrụ ndụ cellulose nke nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke hydrophilic dị na eriri molecular: -OH Group, -COONa Group, otú CMC nwere mma hydrophilicity karịa cellulose na mmiri na-ejide ikike.
2.4 Gelation
Thixotropic CMC pụtara na agbụ macromolecular nwere ụfọdụ ọnụọgụ mmekọrịta ma na-etolite nhazi akụkụ atọ. Mgbe emechara nhazi nke akụkụ atọ, viscosity nke ngwọta na-abawanye, ma mgbe agbajichara akụkụ atọ, viscosity na-ebelata. Ihe omume thixotropic bụ na mgbanwe viscosity pụtara ìhè na-adabere na oge.
Thixotropic CMC na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na usoro gelling ma nwee ike iji mee jelii, jam na nri ndị ọzọ.
Enwere ike iji 2.5 mee ihe dị ka onye na-eme ka ọ doo anya, ụfụfụ stabilizer, dịkwuo ụtọ
Enwere ike iji CMC mee ihe na mmepụta mmanya iji mee ka ụtọ dịkwuo ụtọ ma baa ọgaranya, na ihe na-esote dị ogologo; na mmepụta biya, enwere ike iji ya dị ka onye na-edozi ụfụfụ maka biya, na-eme ka ụfụfụ ahụ baa ọgaranya ma na-adịgide adịgide ma na-emeziwanye ụtọ.
CMC bụ polyelectrolyte, nke nwere ike isonye na mmeghachi omume dị iche iche na mmanya iji nọgide na-enwe nguzozi nke ahụ mmanya. N'otu oge ahụ, ọ na-ejikọta ya na kristal ndị mebere, na-agbanwe usoro nke kristal, na-agbanwe ọnọdụ nke kristal na mmanya, na-eme ka mmiri ozuzo. Nchịkọta ihe.
Oge nzipu: Nov-07-2022