Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ na-ezughị ezu si kwuo, mmepụta zuru ụwa ọnụ ugbu a nke na-abụghị ionic cellulose ether eruola ihe karịrị tọn 500,000, na hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ruru 80% karịa 400,000 tọn, China n'ime afọ abụọ na-adịbeghị anya ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ amụbawo mmepụta ngwa ngwa. gbasaa ikike eruola ihe dị ka tọn 180 000, ihe dị ka tọn 60 000 maka oriri anụ ụlọ, N'ime nke a, a na-eji ihe karịrị nde tọn 550 na ụlọ ọrụ na ihe dịka pasent 70 na-eji ihe mgbakwunye ụlọ.
N'ihi ojiji dị iche iche nke ngwaahịa ahụ, ihe ntinye akwụkwọ ash chọrọ nke ngwaahịa ahụ nwekwara ike ịdị iche iche, nke mere na mmepụta ahụ nwere ike ịhazi dịka ihe achọrọ nke ụdị dị iche iche na usoro mmepụta ihe, nke na-eme ka mmetụta nke ịzọpụta ike dị. Mbelata oriri na mbelata ikuku.
1 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ash na ụdị dị adị
A na-akpọ Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) ash site na ụkpụrụ ịdịmma ụlọ ọrụ yana sulfate ma ọ bụ ihe fọdụrụ na-ekpo ọkụ site na pharmacopoeia, nke enwere ike ịghọta ya dị ka adịghị ọcha inorganic nnu na ngwaahịa. Isi mmepụta usoro site ike alkali (sodium hydroxide) site mmeghachi omume na ikpeazụ ukpụhọde nke pH na-anọpụ iche nnu na raw ihe mbụ pụta ụwa na nchikota nke inorganic nnu.
Ụzọ maka ikpebi ngụkọta ash; Mgbe ụfọdụ ego nke samples na-carbonized na ọkụ na a elu okpomọkụ ọkụ, na organic bekee na-oxidized na decomrated, na-agbanahụ n'ụdị carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides na mmiri, mgbe inorganic bekee na-anọgide n'ụdị sulfate, phosphate. carbonate, chloride na ndị ọzọ inorganic salts na metal oxides. Ihe ndị a fọdụrụ bụ ntụ. Enwere ike ịgbakọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ntụ zuru ezu na nlele ahụ site n'ịtụle ihe fọdụrụ.
Dị ka usoro na-eji dị iche iche acids na ga-emepụta dị iche iche salts: tumadi sodium chloride (mere site mmeghachi omume nke chloride ion na chloromethane na sodium hydroxide) tinyere ndị ọzọ acid neutralization nwere ike na-emepụta sodium acetate, sodium sulfide ma ọ bụ sodium oxalate.
2. Ash chọrọ nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose
Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose bụ tumadi ji dị ka ndim, emulsification, film akpụ, echebe colloid, mmiri njigide, adhesion, mgbochi enzyme na metabolic inert na ndị ọzọ ojiji, ọ na-ọtụtụ ebe na-eji na ọtụtụ ubi nke ụlọ ọrụ, nke nwere ike Olee ihe enyemaka kewara n'ime ndị na-esonụ. akụkụ:
(1) Mwube: ọrụ bụ isi bụ njide mmiri, ịgbara mmiri, viscosity, mmanu mmanu, enyemaka na-asọpụta iji meziwanye ciment na gypsum machinability, mgbapụta. Ihe mkpuchi ihe owuwu, mkpuchi latex bụ nke a na-ejikarị dị ka colloid nchebe, imepụta ihe nkiri, ihe na-eme ka ọ sie ike na enyemaka nkwusioru pigmenti.
(2) Polyvinyl chloride: tumadi eji dị ka dispersant na polymerization mmeghachi omume nke nkwusioru polymerization usoro.
(3) kemịkalụ kwa ụbọchị: a na-ejikarị dị ka ihe nchebe, ọ nwere ike melite emulsification ngwaahịa, mgbochi enzyme, mgbasa, adhesion, ọrụ elu, mmepụta ihe nkiri, moisturizing, ụfụfụ, ịmepụta, onye na-ahapụ ya, softener, mmanu na ihe ndị ọzọ;
(4) Pharmaceutical ụlọ ọrụ: na ọgwụ ụlọ ọrụ na-bụ-eji maka nkwadebe mmepụta, na-eji dị ka siri ike nkwadebe nke mkpuchi gị n'ụlọnga, oghere capsule ihe, ihe nkedo, eji maka ngwa ngwa tọhapụ pharmaceutical ọkpụkpụ, film akpụ, pore-akpụ gị n'ụlọnga, eji dị ka mmiri mmiri. ọkara siri ike nkwadebe ndim, emulsification, nkwusioru, ngwa matriks;
(5) Ceramics: eji dị ka onye na-ekekọta ihe na-emepụta ihe maka ụlọ ọrụ seramiiki billet, onye na-achụsa ihe maka agba glaze;
(6) ime akwụkwọ: mgbasa ozi, agba agba, onye na-ewusi ike;
(7) Mbipụta na ịcha akwa: akwa akwa, agba, agba agba:
(8) Mmepụta ugbo: n'ọrụ ugbo, enwere ike iji ya na-agwọ mkpụrụ osisi, melite ọnụego germination, chebe mmiri na igbochi mildew, mee ka mkpụrụ osisi dị ọhụrụ, onye na-ahapụ ngwa ngwa nke fatịlaịza kemịkalụ na pesticides, wdg.
Dabere na nzaghachi nke ahụmịhe ngwa ogologo oge dị n'elu yana nchịkọta nke ụkpụrụ njikwa ime nke ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ si mba ọzọ na ụlọ, ọ bụ naanị ngwaahịa ụfọdụ nke polyvinyl chloride polymerization na kemịkalụ kwa ụbọchị ka achọrọ iji chịkwaa nnu na-erughị 0.010, yana pharmacopoeia. nke mba dị iche iche chọrọ ịchịkwa nnu na-erughị 0.015. Na ndị ọzọ ojiji nke nnu akara nwere ike dịtụ wider, karịsịa ewu ngwaahịa na mgbakwunye na mmepụta nke putty, agba nnu nwere ụfọdụ chọrọ, ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịchịkwa nnu <0.05 nwere ike ihu ọma izute ojiji.
3 usoro hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose na usoro mwepụ nnu
Isi ụzọ mmepụta nke hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose n'ụlọ na ná mba ọzọ bụ ndị a:
(1) Usoro mmiri mmiri (usoro slurry): ezigbo ntụ ntụ nke cellulose a ga-egwepịa na-agbasasị na ihe dị ka 10 ugboro organic mgbaze na vetikal ma ọ bụ kehoraizin reactor na ike agitation, na mgbe ahụ quantitative lye na etherifying gị n'ụlọnga na-agbakwunyere maka mmeghachi omume. Mgbe mmeghachi omume ahụ gasịrị, a na-asacha ngwaahịa ahụ, mịrị amị, gwerie ya ma sie ya na mmiri ọkụ.
(2) Usoro nke gas (usoro gas siri ike): A na-emecha mmeghachi omume nke ntụ ntụ cellulose nke a ga-etipịa n'ime ala akọrọ site na ịgbakwunye quantitative lye na etherifying agent na obere ego nke obere esi esi site na ngwaahịa. na a kehoraizin reactor na ike agitation. Enweghị ihe mgbaze organic ọzọ achọrọ maka mmeghachi omume ahụ. Mgbe mmeghachi omume ahụ gasịrị, a na-asacha ngwaahịa ahụ, mịrị amị, gwerie ya ma sie ya na mmiri ọkụ.
(3) Usoro homogeneous (usoro mgbasa): Enwere ike ịgbakwunye kehoraizin ozugbo mgbe a gwepịara cellulose ya na reactor siri ike gbasasịa na naoh / urea (ma ọ bụ ihe mgbaze ndị ọzọ nke cellulose) banyere 5 ~ 8 ugboro mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na ihe mgbaze, mgbe ahụ. na-agbakwunye quantitative lye na etherifying onye na-ahụ maka mmeghachi omume na mmeghachi omume, mgbe mmeghachi omume na-eme ka acetone dị mma, ether cellulose dị mma, a na-asacha ya na mmiri ọkụ, nke a mịrị amị, gwepịara na sieved iji nweta ngwaahịa emechara. (Ọ kabeghị na mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ).
Akwụsị mmeghachi omume n'agbanyeghị na-eji ụdị ụzọ ndị a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu nwere ọtụtụ nnu, dị ka usoro dị iche iche nwere ike ịmepụta bụ: sodium chloride na sodium acetate, sodium sulfide, sodium oxalate, na mix nnu, mkpa site na desalination, na ojiji nke nnu n'ime mmiri solubility, n'ozuzu ya na ọtụtụ ịsacha mmiri ọkụ, ugbu a bụ isi akụrụngwa na ụzọ ịsa ahụ bụ:
(1) eriri agụụ ihe nzacha; Ọ na-eme nke a site na iji mmiri ọkụ na-awụsa ihe ndị emechara ma saa nnu ahụ site n'ịgbasa slurry ahụ n'elu eriri nzacha site n'ịfesa mmiri ọkụ na ya ma kpochaa ya n'okpuru.
(2) Horizontal centrifuge: ya site na njedebe nke mmeghachi omume nke crude ihe n'ime slurry na mmiri ọkụ ka itughari nnu etisasịwo na mmiri ọkụ na mgbe ahụ site centrifugation nkewa ga-mmiri-siri ike nkewa iji wepụ nnu.
(3) na nrụgide nyo, ya site na njedebe nke mmeghachi omume nke crude ihe n'ime slurry na mmiri ọkụ, ya n'ime nrụgide nyo, mbụ na uzuoku fụọ mmiri na mgbe ahụ na mmiri ọkụ ịgba N ugboro na uzuoku fụọ mmiri ka. kewapụ ma wepụ nnu.
Hot mmiri ịsacha wepụ etisasịwo salts, n'ihi na mkpa isonyere na mmiri ọkụ, na-asa, ndị ọzọ na ala nke uyi ọdịnaya, na Anglịkan, otú ya uyi na-metụtara kpọmkwem ole ego nke mmiri ọkụ, izugbe ulo oru. ngwaahịa ma ọ bụrụ na njikwa ntụ n'okpuru 1% na-eji mmiri ọkụ 10 tọn, ma ọ bụrụ na njikwa n'okpuru 5% ga-achọ ihe dị ka tọn 6 nke mmiri ọkụ.
Cellulose ether mmiri mkpofu nwere kemịkalụ oxygen chọrọ (COD) karịa 60 000 mg / L na ọdịnaya nnu karịa 30 000 mg / L, ya mere ọ dị oke ọnụ iji gwọọ mmiri mkpofu dị otú ahụ, n'ihi na ọ na-esiri ike ozugbo. biochemical dị otú ahụ nnu dị elu, a naghị ekwe ka ọ gbazee dịka ihe nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi nke mba dị ugbu a si dị. Ihe ngwọta kachasị mma bụ iwepụ nnu site na distillation. Ya mere, otu ton ọzọ ịsacha mmiri na-esi esi ga-emepụta otu tọn ọzọ nsị. Dị ka nkà na ụzụ MUR dị ugbu a na-arụ ọrụ ike dị elu, ọnụ ahịa zuru oke nke ton ọ bụla nke ịsacha mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ bụ ihe dị ka yuan 80, ọnụ ahịa bụ isi bụ ike oriri zuru oke.
Mmetụta nke 4 ash na ọnụego njide mmiri nke ụlọ ọrụ hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose
HPMC na-arụkarị ọrụ atọ na njide mmiri, ịdị arọ na ịdị mma ụlọ n'ihe owuwu ụlọ.
Njide mmiri: iji mee ka oge mmeghe nke ihe eji eme ihe, iji nyere aka rụọ ọrụ hydration ya n'ụzọ zuru ezu.
Thicking: Cellulose nwere ike thickened na-egwu a nkwusioru, nke mere na ihe ngwọta ịnọgide na-edi otu elu na ala otu ọrụ, iguzogide eruba nghọta.
Mwube: Cellulose lubrication, nwere ike inwe ezigbo ihe owuwu. HPMC anaghị etinye aka na mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ, naanị na-arụ ọrụ inyeaka. Otu n'ime ihe kachasị mkpa bụ njigide mmiri, njigide mmiri nke ngwa agha na-emetụta homogenization nke ngwa agha, wee na-emetụta ihe eji arụ ọrụ na ịdịte aka nke ngwa agha siri ike. Ngwa ngwa masonry na plasta bụ akụkụ abụọ dị mkpa nke ngwa ngwa ngwa, na mpaghara ngwa dị mkpa nke ngwa ngwa masonry na plasta bụ ihe owuwu masonry. Dị ka ngọngọ na ngwa na usoro nke ngwaahịa dị na ala akọrọ, iji belata akọrọ ngọngọ nke mmiri siri ike absorption nke ngwa agha, ewu adopts ngọngọ tupu prewetting, igbochi ụfọdụ mmiri ọdịnaya, na-mmiri na ngwa agha. iji gbochie ihe karịrị mmịnye, nwere ike ịnọgide na-enwe hydration nkịtị n'ime gelling ihe dị ka ngwa ngwa ciment. Otú ọ dị, ihe ndị dị ka ngọngọ ụdị ọdịiche na saịtị tupu wetting ogo ga-emetụta mmiri ọnwụ ọnụego na mmiri mfu nke ngwa agha, nke ga-eweta ihe ize ndụ zoro ezo n'ozuzu àgwà nke masonry Ọdịdị. Ngwa ngwa na njigide mmiri dị mma nwere ike iwepụ mmetụta nke ihe mgbochi na ihe ndị mmadụ na-eme, ma hụ na ihe jikọrọ ọnụ nke ngwa agha.
Mmetụta nke njide mmiri na ịrụ ọrụ ike ngwa ngwa na-egosipụtakarị na mmetụta dị na mpaghara interface n'etiti ngwa agha na ngọngọ. Site na mfu mmiri ngwa ngwa nke ngwa ngwa na njigide mmiri na-adịghị mma, ọdịnaya mmiri nke ngwa ngwa na akụkụ interface doro anya na ezughị oke, na ciment enweghị ike ịmịcha ya nke ọma, nke na-emetụta mmepe nkịtị nke ike. A na-emepụta ike nkekọ nke ihe ndị dabere na ciment site na arịlịka nke ngwaahịa hydration ciment. hydration ciment ezughi oke na mpaghara interface na-ebelata ike njikọ interface, na mmụpụta oghere na mgbawa nke ngwa agha na-abawanye.
Ya mere, ị na-ahọrọ ndị kasị emetụta mmiri njide chọrọ ụlọ K ika atọ batches nke dị iche iche viscosity, site na ụzọ dị iche iche nke ịsa na-egosi otu ogbe ọnụ ọgụgụ abụọ na-atụ anya uyi ọdịnaya, na mgbe ahụ dị ka ugbu a nkịtị mmiri njide ule usoro ( iyo akwụkwọ usoro. ) n'otu batch nọmba dị iche iche ash ọdịnaya nke mmiri njigide nke atọ otu samples kpọmkwem dị ka ndị a:
4.1 Usoro nnwale maka ịchọpụta ọnụego njide mmiri (usoro akwụkwọ nzacha)
4.1.1 Ngwa ngwa na akụrụngwa
Igwe igwe slurry ciment, ihe atụ cylinder, itule, elekere elekere, akpa igwe anaghị agba nchara, ngaji, mgbanaka igwe anaghị agba nchara anwụ (dayameta n'ime φ100 mm × elu dayameta φ110 mm × elu 25 mm, akwụkwọ nzacha ngwa ngwa, akwụkwọ nzacha ngwa ngwa, efere iko.
4.1.2 Akụrụngwa na reagents
Nkịtị Portland cement (425#), STANDARD SAAND (aja na-enweghị apịtị nke mmiri na-asa), PRODUCT SAMPLE (HPMC), mmiri dị ọcha maka nnwale (Mmiri mgbata, mmiri ịnweta).
4.1.3 Ọnọdụ nyocha nnwale
Ụlọ nyocha okpomọkụ: 23± 2 ℃; Iru mmiri dị ala: ≥ 50%; Okpomọkụ mmiri ụlọ nyocha bụ otu ihe ahụ dị ka ụlọ okpomọkụ 23 ℃.
4.1.4 Ụzọ nnwale
Tinye efere iko ahụ n'elu ikpo okwu na-arụ ọrụ, tinye akwụkwọ nzacha na-adịghị ala ala (arọ: M1) na ya, tinyezie mpempe akwụkwọ ngwa ngwa n'ime akwụkwọ nzacha ngwa ngwa, ma tinyezie mgbanaka ígwè na akwụkwọ nzacha ngwa ngwa ( ihe mgbanaka ahụ agaghị agafe akwụkwọ nzacha ngwa ngwa okirikiri).
Ntụnye nke ọma (425 #) ciment 90 g; ájá ọkọlọtọ 210 g; Ngwaahịa (ihe atụ) 0.125g; Wunye n'ime akpa igwe anaghị agba nchara ma gwakọta nke ọma (ngwakọta akọrọ).
Jiri simenti igwekota (ịgwakọta ite na akwụkwọ dị ọcha ma kpọọ nkụ, dị ọcha nke ọma ma kpọọ nkụ mgbe nnwale ọ bụla gasịrị, wepụ ya). Jiri cylinder ihe atụ tụọ 72 ml nke mmiri dị ọcha (23 ℃), buru ụzọ wụsa n'ime ite na-akpali akpali, wee wụsa ihe a kwadebere, banye maka 30 s; N'otu oge ahụ, welie ite ahụ n'ebe a na-agwakọta ya, malite mixer, ma kpalie na obere ọsọ (ya bụ, ngwa ngwa na-akpali akpali) maka 60 s; Kwụsị maka 15 s ma hichaa slurry na mgbidi na agụba n'ime ite; Gaa n'ihu na-afụ ngwa ngwa maka nkeji 120 ka ọ kwụsị. Wunye ngwa ngwa niile agwakọtara n'ime mgbanaka igwe anaghị agba nchara ngwa ngwa, na oge site na mgbe ngwa ngwa metụrụ akwụkwọ nzacha ngwa ngwa (pịa elekere elekere). Mgbe nkeji 2 gachara, a tụgharịrị mgbanaka mgbanaka ahụ wee wepụta akwụkwọ nzacha na-adịghị ala ala wee tụọ (ibu: M2). Mee nnwale efu dị ka usoro a dị n'elu si dị (ịdị arọ nke akwụkwọ nzacha na-adịghị ala ala tupu ị tụọ ya bụ M3, M4)
Usoro mgbako bụ nke a:
(1)
Ebe, M1 - arọ nke na-adịghị ala ala nyo akwụkwọ tupu sample nnwale; M2 - arọ nke na-adịghị ala ala nzacha akwụkwọ mgbe sample nnwale; M3 - ịdị arọ nke akwụkwọ nzacha na-adịghị ala ala tupu nnwale efu; M4 — arọ nke na-adịghị ala ala nyo akwụkwọ mgbe oghere nnwale.
4.1.5 Akpachara anya
(1) mmiri dị ọcha kwesịrị ịbụ 23 ℃, na nha kwesịrị ịbụ nke ziri ezi;
(2) mgbe ọ kpalitere, wepụ ite ahụ na-akpali akpali ma were ngaji kpalie nke ọma;
(3) a ga-etinye ngwa ngwa ahụ ngwa ngwa, a ga-akụkwa ngwa agha ahụ dị larịị ma sie ike mgbe ị na-etinye ya;
(4) Jide n'aka na ị ga-ewepụta oge mgbe ngwa agha ahụ metụrụ akwụkwọ nzacha ngwa ngwa, ma etinyela ngwa agha ahụ n'akwụkwọ nzacha mpụga.
4.2 ihe atụ
Ahọpụtara ọnụọgụ atọ nke nwere viscosities dị iche iche nke otu akara K dị ka: 201302028 viscosity 75 000 mPa·s, 20130233 viscosity 150 000 mPa·s, 20130236 viscosity 200 000 mPa·s nke dị iche iche na-enweta ọnụọgụ abụọ dị iche iche. ash (lee tebụl 3.1). Jikwaa nke ọma mmiri na pH nke otu ihe nlele dị ka o kwere mee, wee mee nnwale njide mmiri dịka usoro dị n'elu (usoro akwụkwọ nzacha).
4.3 Nsonaazụ nnwale
A na-egosi nsonaazụ nyocha nke ọnụọgụ atọ nke ihe nlele na tebụl 1, a na-egosipụta nsonaazụ nyocha nke ọnụ ọgụgụ njide mmiri nke viscosities dị iche iche na eserese 1, na nsonaazụ nyocha nke njide mmiri nke dị iche iche ash na pH na-egosi na Figure 2. .
(1) E gosipụtara nsonaazụ nyocha index nke ihe nlele atọ na tebụl 1
Isiokwu 1 Nyocha nyocha nke ihe nlele atọ
oru ngo
Ogbe mba.
ntụ %
pH
Viscosity/mPa, s
Mmiri /%
Njide mmiri
201302028
4.9
4.2
75,000,
6
76
0.9
4.3
74,500,
5.9
76
20130233
4.7
4.0
150,000,
5.5
79
0.8
4.1
140,000,
5.4
78
20130236
4.8
4.1
200,000,
5.1
82
0.9
4.0
195,000,
5.2
81
(2) A na-egosi nsonaazụ ule njide mmiri nke batches atọ nke ihe atụ nwere viscos dị iche iche na eserese 1.
FIG. 1 Nnwale nnwale nke njide mmiri nke batches atọ nke nwere viscosities dị iche iche
(3) Nchọpụta ọnụego njide mmiri nke ogbe atọ nke ihe nlele nwere ọdịnaya ntụ dị iche iche na pH ka egosiri na eserese 2.
FIG. 2 Nchọpụta nchoputa nke njide mmiri nke batches atọ nke ihe atụ nwere ọdịnaya ntụ dị iche iche na pH
Site na nsonaazụ nnwale ndị a dị n'elu, mmetụta nke njigide mmiri na-esite na viscosity, nnukwu viscosity metụtara ọnụ ọgụgụ njigide mmiri dị elu ga-adị ogbenye n'ụzọ megidere ya. Mgbanwe nke ọdịnaya ash na nso nke 1% ~ 5% fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ghara imetụta ọnụego njigide mmiri ya, n'ihi ya, ọ gaghị emetụta ọrụ njigide mmiri ya.
5 nkwubi okwu
Iji mee ka ọkọlọtọ ahụ bụrụ nke dabara na eziokwu ma kwekọọ n'ụzọ na-esiwanye ike nke nchekwa ike na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi, a na-atụ aro na:
A na-emepụta ọkọlọtọ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose na njikwa ntụ site na akara ule, dị ka: ọkwa 1 nchịkwa ash <0.010, ọkwa 2 nchịkwa ash <0.050. N'ụzọ dị otú a, onye mmepụta nwere ike ịhọrọ ikwe ka onye ọrụ nweekwa nhọrọ ndị ọzọ. N'otu oge ahụ, enwere ike ịtọ ọnụahịa ahụ dabere na ụkpụrụ nke ịdị mma dị elu na ọnụ ahịa dị elu iji gbochie mgbagwoju anya nke ahịa. Ihe kachasị mkpa bụ na nchekwa ike na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi na-eme ka mmepụta nke ngwaahịa dịkwuo enyi na kwekọọ na gburugburu ebe obibi.
Oge nzipu: Sep-09-2022