Mmepe nke akwụkwọ akụkọ HEMC cellulose ethers iji belata agglomeration na plasta na-efesa igwe dabere na gypsum.

Mmepe nke akwụkwọ akụkọ HEMC cellulose ethers iji belata agglomeration na plasta na-efesa igwe dabere na gypsum.

A na-eji plasta na-efesa gypsum (GSP) eme ihe na Western Europe kemgbe 1970s. Mpụta nke ịgbasa igwe emewo ka arụmọrụ nke plasta rụọ ọrụ nke ọma ka ọ na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa ihe owuwu ụlọ. Site na mmụba nke azụmahịa GSP, ether cellulose soluble mmiri aghọwo ihe mgbakwunye isi. Cellulose ether na-enye GSP ezigbo njigide mmiri, nke na-egbochi nnabata nke mmiri na plasta, si otú ahụ na-enweta oge nhazi kwụsiri ike na ezigbo akụrụngwa. Na mgbakwunye, usoro rheological nke cellulose ether nwere ike ime ka mmetụta nke ịgbasa igwe dịkwuo mfe ma mee ka usoro nhazi ngwa ngwa na-esote dị mfe.

N'agbanyeghị uru doro anya nke cellulose ethers na ngwa GSP, ọ nwekwara ike inye aka na ịmepụta lumps akọrọ mgbe a na-efesa ya. A na-akpọkwa mkpọmkpọ ndị a na-esighị ike dị ka clumping ma ọ bụ ịme achịcha, ha nwere ike imetụta oke ọkwa na imecha ngwa agha ahụ. Agglomeration nwere ike ibelata arụmọrụ saịtị ma mee ka ọnụ ahịa ngwaahịa gypsum dị elu dị elu. Iji ghọta nke ọma mmetụta cellulose ethers na nhazi nke lumps na GSP, anyị mere nnyocha iji gbalịa chọpụta ihe ndị dị mkpa nke ngwaahịa na-emetụta nhazi ha. Dabere na nsonaazụ nke ọmụmụ a, anyị mepụtara usoro nke cellulose ether ngwaahịa na mbelata ọchịchọ nke agglomerate ma nyochaa ha na ngwa ngwa.

Isi okwu: cellulose ether; igwe gypsum ịgba plasta; ọnụego mgbasa; urughuru morphology

1. Okwu mmalite

A na-eji ethers cellulose na-eme ka mmiri mee ihe nke ọma na gypsum dabeere na igwe na-efesa plasta (GSP) iji chịkwaa ọchịchọ mmiri, melite njide mmiri ma melite njirimara rheological nke ngwa agha. Ya mere, ọ na-enyere aka melite arụmọrụ nke ngwa agha mmiri, si otú ahụ hụ na ike dị mkpa nke ngwa agha ahụ. N'ihi njirimara azụmahịa ya na gburugburu ebe obibi, akọrọ mix GSP aghọwo ihe eji arụ ụlọ n'ime ime ụlọ na Europe dum n'ime afọ 20 gara aga.

Igwe eji agwakọta na ịgbakọta GSP akọrọ akpọkọtala ahịa nke ọma kemgbe ọtụtụ iri afọ. Ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ atụmatụ teknụzụ nke akụrụngwa sitere na ndị na-emepụta ihe dị iche iche dịgasị iche iche, igwe na-agba mmiri niile dị n'ahịa na-enye ohere iwe oge dị oke mkpa maka mmiri iji gwakọta na cellulose ether nwere gypsum dry-mix mortar. N'ozuzu, usoro ngwakọta dum na-ewe nanị sekọnd ole na ole. Mgbe agwakọtachara, a na-agbanye ngwa ngwa mmiri mmiri ahụ site na eriri nnyefe ma fesa ya na mgbidi mkpụrụ. Emechara usoro a n'ime nkeji. Otú ọ dị, n'ime oge dị mkpirikpi dị otú ahụ, cellulose ethers kwesịrị ka a gbazee kpamkpam iji mepụta ihe onwunwe ha n'ụzọ zuru ezu na ngwa ahụ. Ịgbakwunye ngwaahịa cellulose ether nke ọma na usoro ngwa agha gypsum na-eme ka mgbaze zuru oke n'oge usoro ịgbasa a.

Eter cellulose dị ala nke ọma na-ewulite ịdịgide ngwa ngwa na kọntaktị na mmiri n'oge mkpali na sprayer. Mmụba viscosity ngwa ngwa kpatara mgbasa nke cellulose ether na-akpata nsogbu na mmiri mmiri na-ejikọta ọnụ nke gypsum cementious material particles. Ka mmiri na-amalite ito eto, ọ na-aghọ obere mmiri na-enweghị ike ịbanye n'ime obere oghere dị n'etiti ụmụ irighiri gypsum. Mgbe a na-egbochi ohere ịbanye na pores, usoro wetting nke ihe simenti na-esi na mmiri na-egbu oge. Oge ngwakọta na sprayer dị mkpụmkpụ karịa oge achọrọ iji mee ka akụkụ gypsum zuru oke, nke mere ka e guzobe ntụ ntụ akọrọ na ngwa ngwa mmiri ọhụrụ. Ozugbo e guzobere clumps ndị a, ha na-egbochi ịrụ ọrụ nke ndị ọrụ na usoro ndị na-esote: ịkwanye ngwa agha na clumps na-enye nsogbu nke ukwuu ma na-ewe oge karị. Ọbụlagodi mgbe ngwa agha ahụ tọchara, mkpọmkpọ ebe a kpụrụ akpụ nwere ike ịpụta. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ikpuchi clumps n'ime n'oge a na-ewu ụlọ ga-eduga n'ọdịdị nke ebe gbara ọchịchịrị n'oge ikpeazụ, nke anyị na-achọghị ịhụ.

Ọ bụ ezie na a na-eji cellulose ethers mee ihe dị ka ihe mgbakwunye na GSP ruo ọtụtụ afọ, amụbeghị mmetụta ha na nhazi nke lumps na-enweghị atụ ruo ugbu a. Edemede a na-enye usoro nhazi nke enwere ike iji ghọta ihe kpatara agglomeration site na cellulose ether.

2. Ihe kpatara e ji guzobe clumps na-enweghị atụ na GSP

2.1 Wetting nke plasta dabeere na plasta

N'oge mmalite nke ịmepụta usoro nyocha ahụ, a na-achịkọta ọtụtụ ihe nwere ike ime ka ọkpụkpụ na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ dị na CSP. Na-esote, site na nyocha nke kọmputa na-enyere aka, nsogbu a na-elekwasị anya ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị ihe ngwọta nkà na ụzụ bara uru. Site na ọrụ ndị a, a na-enyocha ụzọ kacha mma maka nhazi agglomerates na GSP. Site na echiche teknụzụ na nke azụmahịa, a na-ewepụ ụzọ teknụzụ nke ịgbanwe wetting nke gypsum ahụ site na ọgwụgwọ elu. Site n'echiche nke azụmahịa, echiche nke iji dochie ngwá ọrụ ndị dị ugbu a na-eji ihe na-agbapụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe pụrụ iche nke nwere ike hụ na ngwakọta mmiri na ngwa agha zuru ezu.

Nhọrọ ọzọ bụ iji ọgwụ wetting dị ka ihe mgbakwunye na gypsum plasta formulations anyị chọtara patent maka nke a ugbua. Agbanyeghị, mgbakwunye nke mgbakwunye a na-apụghị izere ezere na-emetụta arụmọrụ nke plasta. Nke ka mkpa, ọ na-agbanwe ihe anụ ahụ nke ngwa agha, karịsịa ike na ike. Yabụ na anyị etinyeghị oke miri emi na ya. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a na-ewerekwa mgbakwunye nke ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na-enwe mmetụta ọjọọ na gburugburu ebe obibi.

N'iburu n'uche na cellulose ether abụworị akụkụ nke nhazi nke plasta nke dabeere na gypsum, ime ka cellulose ether dị mma n'onwe ya na-aghọ ihe ngwọta kachasị mma nke nwere ike ịhọrọ. N'otu oge ahụ, ọ gaghị emetụta ihe ndị na-ejide mmiri ma ọ bụ na-emetụta àgwà rheological nke plasta na-eji. Dabere na echiche mbụ a tụrụ aro na ọgbọ nke ntụ ntụ na-abụghị mmiri na GSP bụ n'ihi mmụba ngwa ngwa na viscosity nke cellulose ethers mgbe a na-ejikọta mmiri n'oge mkpali, ịchịkwa njirimara mgbasa nke cellulose ethers ghọrọ isi ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke ọmụmụ anyị. .

2.2 Nkwụsị oge nke cellulose ether

Ụzọ dị mfe iji belata ọnụego mgbasa nke cellulose ethers bụ iji ngwaahịa ọkwa granular. Ihe ọghọm dị na iji ụzọ a na GSP bụ na ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị dị oke oke adịghị agbaze kpamkpam n'ime windo mkpasu iwe nkeji nkeji iri dị nkenke na sprayer, nke na-eduga na mfu nke njide mmiri. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ọzịza nke cellulose ether a na-agbazeghị n'oge na-esote ga-eduga n'ịdị arọ mgbe a na-agbanye plasta ma na-emetụta ọrụ ihe owuwu, nke bụ ihe anyị na-achọghị ịhụ.

Nhọrọ ọzọ iji belata ọnụego mgbasa nke cellulose ethers bụ iji glioxal jikọọ elu nke ethers cellulose. Otú ọ dị, ebe ọ bụ na mmeghachi omume crosslinking na-achịkwa pH, ọnụego mgbasa nke cellulose ethers na-adabere na pH nke ngwọta mmiri gbara ya gburugburu. Uru pH nke usoro GSP jikọtara ya na lime slaked dị oke elu, a na-emeghekwa njikọ njikọ nke glycoxal n'elu ngwa ngwa mgbe ọ kpọtụrụ mmiri, na viscosity na-amalite ibili ozugbo. Ya mere, ọgwụgwọ kemịkalụ dị otú ahụ enweghị ike itinye aka n'ịchịkwa ọnụego mgbasa na GSP.

Oge mgbasa nke cellulose ethers na-adaberekwa na morphology ha. Otú ọ dị, eziokwu a enwetabeghị nlebara anya dị ukwuu ruo ugbu a, ọ bụ ezie na mmetụta dị oke mkpa. Ha na-enwe ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ mgbasa ahịrị ahịrị mgbe nile [kg/(m2•s)], n'ihi ya mgbasa ha na viscosity wulite bụ nhata na elu dịnụ. Ọnụego a nwere ike ịdịgasị iche nke ukwuu site na mgbanwe na ọdịdị ọdịdị nke mkpụrụ ndụ cellulose. Na mgbako anyị, a na-eche na viscosity zuru ezu (100%) ruru mgbe 5 sekọnd nke ịgwakọta agwakọta.

Ngụkọta nke ụdị morphologies dị iche iche gosiri na ihe dị okirikiri nwere viscosity nke 35% nke viscosity ikpeazụ na ọkara oge ngwakọta. N'otu oge ahụ, mkpụrụ ndụ cellulose ether nwere ike iru naanị 10%. Ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị yiri diski ka malitere ịgbari ka emechara2.5 sekọnd.

Agụnyerekwa njirimara solubility dị mma maka cellulose ethers na GSP. Gbuo viscosity izizi ka ihe karịrị sekọnd 4.5. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, viscosity mụbara ngwa ngwa iji ruo viscosity ikpeazụ n'ime 5 sekọnd nke oge agwakọta agwakọta. Na GSP, ogologo oge mgbasa dị otú ahụ na-egbu oge na-enye ohere ka usoro ahụ nwee obere viscosity, na mmiri agbakwunyere nwere ike ime ka akụkụ gypsum zuru ezu na-abanye n'ime oghere n'etiti ihe ndị ahụ n'enweghị nsogbu.

3. Ihe omimi nke cellulose ether

3.1 Ntụle morphology urughuru

Ebe ọ bụ na ọdịdị nke cellulose ether particles nwere mmetụta dị ịrịba ama na solubility, ọ dị mkpa na mbụ iji chọpụta paramita na-akọwa ọdịdị nke cellulose ether particles, na mgbe ahụ iji chọpụta ọdịiche dị n'etiti ndị na-abụghị wetting Nhazi nke agglomerates bụ ihe dị mkpa karịsịa. .

Anyị nwetara morphology nke cellulose ether site na usoro nyocha onyonyo siri ike. Enwere ike iji ihe nyocha ihe onyonyo dijitalụ SYMPATEC (nke emere na Germany) yana ngwa nyocha ngwanrọ akọwapụtara nke ọma. The kasị mkpa urughuru udi paramita ka a hụrụ na-nkezi ogologo eriri ekwuru dị ka LEFI(50,3) na nkezi dayameta egosiri dị ka DIFI(50,3). A na-ewere data ogologo ogologo eriri fiber dị ka ogologo zuru oke nke ụfọdụ ihe gbasara cellulose ether.

Na-emekarị urughuru size nkesa data dị ka nkezi eriri dayameta DIFI nwere ike gbakọọ dabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke irighiri ihe (kpọpụtara site 0), ogologo (pụtara site 1), mpaghara (pụtara site 2) ma ọ bụ olu (denoted site 3). Nleta data niile dị n'akwụkwọ a gbadoro ụkwụ na olu, ya mere ejiri mpịachi 3 gosi ya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na DIFI (50,3), 3 pụtara nkesa olu, na 50 pụtara na 50% nke akụkụ nkesa nkesa dị ntakịrị karịa uru egosiri, na 50% nke ọzọ dị ukwuu karịa uru egosiri. A na-enye data udi nke cellulose ether na micrometers (µm).

3.2 Cellulose ether mgbe urughuru morphology njikarịcha

N'iburu n'uche mmetụta nke urughuru elu, na urughuru mgbasa oge nke cellulose ether ahụ na mkpara-dị ka urughuru udi ike dabere na nkezi eriri dayameta DIFI (50,3). Dabere n'echiche a, ọrụ mmepe na cellulose ethers bụ iji nweta ngwaahịa nwere oke nkezi fiber dayameta DIFI (50,3) iji meziwanye solubility nke ntụ ntụ.

Otú ọ dị, mmụba na nkezi eriri ogologo DIFI(50,3) na-adịghị atụ anya na-esonyere na-abawanye na nkezi urughuru size. Ịbawanye ma parameters ọnụ ga-eme ka ahụ ndị dị oke ibu na-agbari kpamkpam n'ime oge mkpali 10 nke abụọ nke n'ibu spraying.

Ya mere, ezigbo hydroxyethylmethylcellulose (HEMC) kwesịrị inwe a ibu nkezi eriri dayameta DIFI(50,3) ka ịnọgide na-enwe nkezi eriri ogologo LEFI (50,3). Anyị na-eji usoro mmepụta ether cellulose ọhụrụ iji mepụta HEMC dị mma. The urughuru udi nke mmiri-soluble cellulose ether nwetara site a mmepụta usoro bụ kpamkpam dị iche iche na urughuru udi nke cellulose eji dị ka akụrụngwa maka mmepụta. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, usoro mmepụta na-enye ohere ka ọdịdị nke cellulose ether nọọrọ onwe ya pụọ ​​​​na akụrụngwa mmepụta ya.

Onyonyonyonyonyo eletrọnịnụ atọ: otu nke cellulose ether mepụtara site na ọkọlọtọ usoro, na otu nke cellulose ether mepụtara site ọhụrụ usoro na a ibu dayameta nke DIFI(50,3) karịa ot usoro ngwá ọrụ ngwaahịa. E gosikwara na morphology nke cellulose dị mma nke a na-eji na-emepụta ngwaahịa abụọ a.

N'ịtụle micrographs eletrọn nke cellulose na cellulose ether nke usoro ọkọlọtọ mepụtara, ọ dị mfe ịchọta na ha abụọ nwere àgwà ọdịdị ọdịdị ahụ. Ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke dị na foto abụọ a na-egosipụtakarị ogologo, ihe dị mkpa, na-atụ aro na njirimara ọdịdị ọdịdị ọdịdị agbanwebeghị ọbụna mgbe mmeghachi omume kemịkal ahụ mechara. O doro anya na njirimara morphology nke ngwaahịa mmeghachi omume na-ejikọta ya na akụrụngwa.

Ọ chọpụtara na morphological e ji mara cellulose ether emepụtara ọhụrụ usoro bụ budata dị iche iche, o nwere ibu nkezi dayameta DIFI (50,3), na tumadi ọnọ gburugburu mkpụmkpụ na oké urughuru shapes, mgbe ahụkarị mkpa na ogologo ahụ. na cellulose akụrụngwa Ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ nwụọ.

Ọnụ ọgụgụ a na-egosikwa ọzọ na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke cellulose ethers nke usoro ọhụrụ a na-emepụta adịghịzi emetụta ọdịdị nke cellulose raw material - njikọ dị n'etiti morphology nke akụrụngwa na ngwaahịa ikpeazụ adịghịzi adị.

4. Mmetụta nke morphology particle HEMC na nhazi nke clumps na-adịghị na GSP.

A nwalere GSP n'okpuru ọnọdụ ngwa ubi iji chọpụta na echiche anyị gbasara usoro ọrụ (na iji ngwaahịa ether cellulose nwere nnukwu DIFI (50,3) ga-ebelata agglomeration achọghị) ziri ezi. A na-eji HEMC ndị nwere dayameta DIFI (50,3) sitere na 37 µm ruo 52 µm na nnwale ndị a. Iji belata mmetụta nke ihe ndị na-abụghị morphology urughuru, a na-edobe isi ihe plasta gypsum na ihe mgbakwunye ndị ọzọ niile. A na-edebe viscosity nke cellulose ether mgbe niile n'oge ule (60,000mPa.s, 2% mmiri mmiri ngwọta, tụrụ na HAAKE rheometer).

A na-eji gypsum sprayer (PFT G4) na-ere ahịa maka ịgbasa n'ime ule ngwa. Gbado anya n'ịtụle nguzobe nke gypsum motar na-adịghị ewebe ozugbo etinyere ya na mgbidi ahụ. Ntụle nke clumping n'oge a n'oge usoro ntinye nke plasta ga-egosipụta nke ọma ọdịiche dị na arụmọrụ ngwaahịa. N'ime ule ahụ, ndị ọrụ nwere ahụmahụ gosipụtara ọnọdụ mgbagwoju anya, na 1 kacha mma na 6 bụ nke kachasị njọ.

Nsonaazụ ule na-egosi n'ụzọ doro anya njikọ dị n'etiti nkezi eriri dayameta DIFI (50,3) na akara arụmọrụ clumping. N'ikwekọ na echiche anyị na ngwaahịa cellulose ether nwere nnukwu DIFI (50,3) karịrị ngwaahịa DIFI dị ntakịrị (50,3), nkezi akara maka DIFI (50,3) nke 52 µm bụ 2 (ezigbo), ebe ndị nwere DIFI (dị mma). 50,3) nke 37µm na 40µm gbara 5 (ọdịda).

Dị ka anyị tụrụ anya, omume mwepu na ngwa GSP dabere na nkezi dayameta DIFI(50,3) nke cellulose ether eji. Ọzọkwa, e kwuru na mbụ mkparịta ụka na n'etiti niile morphological paramita DIFI(50,3) emetụta ike mgbasa oge nke cellulose ether powders. Nke a na-akwado na oge mgbasa nke cellulose ether, bụ nke nwere njikọ chiri anya na morphology morphology, n'ikpeazụ na-emetụta nhazi nke clumps na GSP. Nnukwu DIFI (50,3) na-akpata ogologo oge mgbasa nke ntụ ntụ, nke na-ebelata ohere nke agglomeration nke ukwuu. Otú ọ dị, ogologo oge nkwụsịtụ ntụ ntụ ga-eme ka ọ sie ike maka cellulose ether ịgbaze kpamkpam n'ime oge na-akpali akpali nke ngwa ịgbasa.

Ngwaahịa ọhụrụ HEMC nwere profaịlụ mgbasa ozi kachasị mma n'ihi nnukwu nkezi fiber dayameta DIFI (50,3) ọ bụghị naanị na ọ nwere mma wetting nke ntụ ntụ gypsum (dị ka a na-ahụ na nyocha clumping), mana ọ naghị emetụta arụmọrụ njigide mmiri nke ngwaahịa. Ndogide mmiri a tụrụ dịka EN 459-2 enweghị ike ịpụ iche na ngwaahịa HEMC nke otu viscosity nwere DIFI (50,3) site na 37µm ruo 52µm. Ntụle niile ka nkeji 5 na nkeji iri isii gachara dabara n'ime oke achọrọ egosiri na eserese ahụ.

Otú ọ dị, a kwadoro na ọ bụrụ na DIFI(50,3) na-ebuwanye ibu, ihe ndị dị na cellulose ether agaghịzi agbaze kpamkpam. Achọpụtara nke a mgbe a na-anwale ngwaahịa DIFI(50,3) nke 59 µM. Nsonaazụ nyocha njide mmiri ya ka nkeji ise gachara na ọkachasị mgbe nkeji iri isii gachara ezute opekempe achọrọ.

5. Nchịkọta

Cellulose ethers bụ ihe mgbakwunye dị mkpa na usoro GSP. Ọrụ nyocha na mmepe ngwaahịa ebe a na-elele njikọ dị n'etiti morphology nke cellulose ethers na nguzobe nke clumps na-adịghị edozi (nke a na-akpọ clumping) mgbe ejiri igwe na-efesa ya. Ọ dabere n'echiche nke usoro ọrụ na oge nkwụsị nke cellulose ether ntụ ntụ na-emetụta wetting nke gypsum ntụ ntụ site na mmiri ma si otú ahụ na-emetụta nhazi nke clumps.

Oge mgbasa na-adabere na morphology nke cellulose ether ma enwere ike nweta ya site na iji ngwaọrụ nyocha ihe onyonyo dijitalụ. Na GSP, cellulose ethers na a nnukwu nkezi dayameta nke DIFI (50,3) nwere kacha ntụ ntụ dissolution àgwà, na-enye ohere ọzọ oge maka mmiri na-juju mmiri mmiri gypsum particles, si otú na-enyere kacha anti-agglomeration. A na-emepụta ụdị cellulose ether a site na iji usoro mmepụta ọhụrụ, na ọdịdị ya adịghị adabere n'ụdị mbụ nke akụrụngwa maka mmepụta.

Nkezi dayameta eriri DIFI (50,3) nwere mmetụta dị oke mkpa n'ịkọkọta, nke akwadoro site na ịgbakwunye ngwaahịa a na ebe a na-ere ahịa gypsum nke na-efesa igwe maka ịgbasa na saịtị. Ọzọkwa, ule ịgba mmiri ndị a gosipụtara nsonaazụ ụlọ nyocha anyị: ngwaahịa cellulose ether kacha mma nwere nnukwu DIFI (50,3) na-agbaze kpamkpam n'ime windo oge nke mkpasu iwe GSP. Ya mere, cellulose ether ngwaahịa na kasị mma mgbochi-caking Njirimara mgbe mma urughuru udi ka na-ejigide mbụ mmiri njigide ọrụ.