Njirimara, nkwadebe na ntinye nke cellulose ether na ụlọ ọrụ

A na-enyocha ụdị, ụzọ nkwadebe, ihe onwunwe na njirimara nke cellulose ether, yana ngwa nke cellulose ether na mmanụ ala, ihe owuwu, akwụkwọ, textile, ọgwụ, nri, ihe fotoelectric na ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ kwa ụbọchị. Ụfọdụ ụdị ọhụrụ ether cellulose nwere atụmanya mmepe ka ewebatara na atụmanya itinye ha n'ọrụ.

Isi okwu:cellulose ether; Arụmọrụ; Ngwa; Mwepụta nke cellulose

Cellulose bụ ụdị ngwakọta polymer eke. Ọdịdị kemịkalụ ya bụ polysaccharide macromolecule nwere β-glucose anhydrous dị ka mgbanaka mgbanaka, yana otu isi hydroxyl otu na otu abụọ hydroxyl abụọ na mgbanaka ntọala ọ bụla. Site na mgbanwe kemịkalụ, enwere ike nweta usoro mkpụrụ ndụ cellulose, cellulose ether bụ otu n'ime ha. A na-enweta cellulose ether site na mmeghachi omume nke cellulose na NaOH, wee mee ka etherize na monomers dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ dị ka methane chloride, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, wdg, site na ịsacha nnu nke ngwaahịa na sodium cellulose. Cellulose ether bụ ihe dị mkpa sitere na cellulose, enwere ike iji ya na nkà mmụta ọgwụ na ahụike, kemịkalụ kwa ụbọchị, akwụkwọ, nri, ọgwụ, ihe owuwu, ihe na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ. Ya mere, mmepe na itinye n'ọrụ nke cellulose ether nwere mmetụta dị mma maka ojiji zuru oke nke akụrụngwa biomass na-emegharịghachi, mmepe nke ihe ọhụrụ na teknụzụ ọhụrụ.

1. Nhazi na nkwadebe nke cellulose ether

A na-ekewa nhazi nke cellulose ethers n'ụdị anọ dịka ihe ha nwere ion siri dị.

1.1 Nonionic cellulose ether

Na-abụghị ionic cellulose ether bụ tumadi cellulose alkyl ether, nkwadebe usoro bụ site cellulose na NaOH mmeghachi omume, na mgbe ahụ na a dịgasị iche iche nke monomers na-arụ ọrụ dị ka methane chloride, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide etherification mmeghachi omume, na mgbe ahụ site na-asacha site-ngwaahịa. nnu na sodium cellulose iji nweta. Isi methyl cellulose ether, methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ether, methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ether, hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, cyanoethyl cellulose ether, hydroxybutyl cellulose ether. Ngwa ya sara mbara.

1.2 Anionic cellulose ether

Anionic cellulose ether bụ tumadi carboxymethyl cellulose sodium, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose sodium. Usoro nkwadebe bụ mmeghachi omume nke cellulose na NaOH, wee mee ka etherify na monochloroacetic acid ma ọ bụ ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, wee sachaa nnu site na ngwaahịa nnu na sodium cellulose iji nweta.

1.3 cationic cellulose ether

Cationic cellulose ether bụ tumadi 3 - chlorine - 2 - hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride cellulose ether. Usoro nkwadebe bụ mmeghachi omume nke cellulose na NaOH, mgbe ahụ, onye na-ahụ maka cationic etherifying 3 - chlorine - 2 - hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride ma ọ bụ ethylene oxide, propylene oxide yana mmeghachi omume etherifying, na mgbe ahụ site na ịsacha nnu nke ngwaahịa na sodium. cellulose iji nweta.

1.4 Zwitterionic cellulose ether

Zwitterionic cellulose ether nwere ma anionic iche iche na cationic iche iche na molekul yinye, usoro nkwadebe bụ site cellulose na NaOH mmeghachi omume, na mgbe ahụ na chloroacetic acid na cationic etherifying agent 3 - chlorine - 2 hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride etherification mmeghachi omume, wee saa ya. site na ngwaahịa nnu na sodium cellulose wee nweta.

2.ihe na njirimara nke cellulose ether

2.1 Njirimara

Cellulose ether n'ozuzu na-acha ọcha ma ọ bụ mmiri ara ehi na-acha ọcha, enweghị ụtọ, na-adịghị egbu egbu, na fluidity nke fibrous ntụ ntụ, mfe ịmịkọrọ mmiri mmiri, etisasịwo na mmiri n'ime a transperent viscous mụ colloid.

2.2 Nhazi ihe nkiri na adhesion

The etherification nke cellulose ether nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na ihe onwunwe ya, dị ka solubility, ihe nkiri akpụ ike, nkekọ ike na nnu ndidi. Cellulose ether nwere nnukwu ígwè ọrụ ike, mgbanwe, okpomọkụ na-eguzogide na oyi na-atụ, ma nwee ezigbo ndakọrịta dị iche iche nke resins na plasticizers, nwere ike iji rụọ plastik, ihe nkiri, varnishes, adhesives, latex and pharmaceutical mkpuchi ihe.

2.3 Solubility

Methyl cellulose soluble na mmiri oyi, na-adịghị ike na mmiri ọkụ, ma soluble na ụfọdụ ihe mgbaze organic; Methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose soluble na mmiri oyi, nke na-adịghị ike na mmiri ọkụ na ihe mgbaze organic. Ma mgbe ngwọta mmiri nke methyl cellulose na methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose na-ekpo ọkụ, methyl cellulose na methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ga-ebuli elu. Methyl cellulose precipitated na 45 ~ 60 ℃, mgbe agwakọtara etherized methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose precipitated na 65 ~ 80 ℃. Mgbe ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dara, ọnyà ndị ahụ na-agbaze.

Sodium hydroxyethyl cellulose na carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose bụ soluble na mmiri n'oge ọ bụla okpomọkụ, ma insoluble na organic solvents (na ole na ole ewezuga).

2.4 Na-agba ọsọ

A na-agbaze cellulose ether na mmiri n'ụdị colloidal, na viscosity ya dabere na ogo polymerization nke cellulose ether. Ihe ngwọta nwere macromolecules nke hydration. N'ihi nchikota nke macromolecules, omume na-asọpụta nke ngwọta dị iche na nke Newtonian fluids, ma na-egosipụta omume nke na-agbanwe agbanwe na mgbanwe nke ndị agha shear. N'ihi usoro macromolecular nke cellulose ether, viscosity nke ngwọta na-abawanye ngwa ngwa na-abawanye ụba ma na-ebelata ngwa ngwa na-abawanye okpomọkụ.

2.5 Mmebi

A na-eji cellulose ether eme ihe n'oge mmiri mmiri. Ọ bụrụhaala na mmiri dị, nje bacteria ga-etolite. Uto nke nje bacteria na-eduga na mmepụta nke nje bacteria enzyme. Ihe nje bacteria na-eme ka akụkụ glucose akpọnwụ akpọnwụ akpọnwụghị n'ọnọdụ nke dị n'akụkụ cellulose ether break na arọ molekụla nke polymer belatara. Ya mere, ọ bụrụ na a ga-echekwa ihe ngwọta mmiri nke cellulose ether ruo ogologo oge, a ga-agbakwunye ihe nchekwa na ya, ọ bụrụgodị na a na-eji ether cellulose na-egbu egbu.

3. ngwa nke cellulose ether na ụlọ ọrụ

Ụlọ ọrụ Petroleum 3.1

A na-ejikarị sodium carboxymethyl cellulose eme ihe na nrigbu mmanụ ala. A na-eji ya na-emepụta apịtị iji mee ka viscosity dịkwuo elu ma belata mmiri mmiri. Ọ nwere ike iguzogide mmetọ nnu soluble dị iche iche ma melite ọnụego mgbake mmanụ.

Sodium carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose na sodium carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose bụ ụdị mma ịkụ ala apịtị ọgwụgwọ gị n'ụlọnga na nkwadebe nke ẹkụre mmiri ihe, elu pulping ọnụego, nnu-eguzogide, calcium iguzogide, ezi viscosification ikike, okpomọkụ iguzogide (160 ℃). Kwesịrị ekwesị maka nkwadebe nke mmiri ọhụrụ, mmiri mmiri na mmiri mmiri nnu jupụtara na mmiri mmiri, n'okpuru ịdị arọ nke calcium chloride nwere ike ịgwakọta ya n'ọtụtụ dị iche iche (103 ~ 1279 / cm3) na-egwu mmiri mmiri, ma mee ka ọ nwee ụfọdụ viscosity na obere filtration. ikike, viscosity ya na ikike nzacha ya dị mma karịa hydroxyethyl cellulose, bụ ihe mgbakwunye mmepụta mmanụ dị mma. A na-eji sodium carboxymethyl cellulose eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na usoro nrigbu mmanụ nke cellulose, na mmiri na-egwupụta mmiri, mmiri cementing, mmiri na-agbaji ma melite mmepụta mmanụ, a na-eji ya eme ihe, karịsịa n'ime mmiri mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na-ebu ibu, isi ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe ntinye na ntinye na viscosification.

A na-eji hydroxyethyl cellulose mee ihe n'usoro nke mkpọpu mmiri, imecha na cimenti dị ka ihe na-eme ka apịtị na-eme ka ahụ sie ike. N'ihi na hydroxyethyl cellulose na sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, guar chịngọm tụnyere ezi ndim mmetụta, nkwusioru ájá, elu nnu ọdịnaya, ezigbo okpomọkụ na-eguzogide, na obere iguzogide, obere mmiri mmiri ọnwụ, agbajikwa roba ngọngọ, ala fọdụrụ n'ime àgwà, e ọtụtụ ebe.

3.2 Ụlọ ọrụ na-ewu na mkpuchi

Ụlọ ụlọ na plasta ngwa agha admixture: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose nwere ike ji mee ihe dị ka retarding gị n'ụlọnga, mmiri njigide gị n'ụlọnga, thickener na ihe nkedo, ike ga-eji dị ka gypsum ala na ciment ala plaster, ngwa agha na ala larịị ihe dispersant, mmiri njide gị n'ụlọnga, thickener. Ọ bụ ụdị pụrụ iche masonry na plasta ngwa agha admixture maka aerated ihe blocks mere nke carboxymethyl cellulose, nke nwere ike melite workability, mmiri njigide na mgbape eguzogide nke ngwa agha na-ezere cracking na oghere nke ngọngọ mgbidi.

Ụlọ ihe ịchọ mma n'elu: Cao Mingqian na methyl cellulose ndị ọzọ mere nke ụdị nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi na-ewu ihe ịchọ mma, usoro mmepụta ya dị mfe, dị ọcha, enwere ike iji mgbidi dị elu, elu nkume tile, nwekwara ike iji maka kọlụm. , mbadamba ihe ịchọ mma n'elu. Huang Jianping mere nke carboxymethyl cellulose bụ ụdị seramiiki tile sealant, nke nwere ike bonding ike, ezi deformation ikike, adịghị emepụta cracks na-ada oyi, ezi waterproof mmetụta, na-egbuke egbuke na yi agba, na magburu onwe ji achọ mmetụta.

Ngwa na mkpuchi: Methyl cellulose na hydroxyethyl cellulose nwere ike iji dị ka stabilizer, thickener na mmiri na-ejigide ihe mkpuchi latex, na mgbakwunye, a pụkwara iji ya mee ihe dị ka dispersant, viscosifier na onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri maka mkpuchi ciment acha. Ịgbakwunye cellulose ether na nkọwa kwesịrị ekwesị na viscosity na agba latex nwere ike ime ka arụ ọrụ nke agba latex dịkwuo mma, gbochie spatter, melite nkwụsi ike nchekwa na ike mkpuchi. Ebe ndị na-azụ ahịa na mba ọzọ bụ mkpuchi latex, ya mere, ngwaahịa cellulose ether na-abụkarị nhọrọ mbụ nke agba agba latex. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ether methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether gbanwetụrụ nwere ike idobe ọnọdụ na-eduga n'ọkpụkpụ nke agba latex n'ihi ezigbo ihe mejupụtara ya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ihi na cellulose ether nwere àgwà gel na-ekpo ọkụ pụrụ iche na solubility, nnu nnu, nkwụsị ọkụ, ma nwee ọrụ elu kwesịrị ekwesị, enwere ike iji ya mee ihe dị ka onye na-ejigide mmiri, onye nkwusioru, emulsifier, onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri, mmanu mmanu, ihe nkedo na mgbanwe rheological. .

Ụlọ ọrụ 3.3 Akwụkwọ

Ihe mgbakwunye akwụkwọ mmiri: Enwere ike iji CMC mee ihe dị ka onye na-ekesa eriri na ihe nkwalite akwụkwọ, enwere ike ịgbakwunye ya na pulp, n'ihi na sodium carboxymethyl cellulose na pulp na ngwongwo mkpọ nwere otu ụgwọ, nwere ike ịbawanye ịdị nro nke eriri ahụ, meziwanye ike nke ahụ. akwụkwọ. Dị ka onye na-emesi ike agbakwunyere n'ime akwụkwọ ahụ, ọ na-eme ka mmekọrịta dị n'etiti eriri ahụ dịkwuo elu, ma nwee ike imeziwanye ike nkwụsị, nkwụsị nkwụsị, ọbụnadị akwụkwọ na ndenye anụ ahụ ndị ọzọ. A pụkwara iji sodium carboxymethyl cellulose mee ihe dị ka onye na-edozi nha na pulp. Na mgbakwunye na ogo nha nha nke ya, enwere ike iji ya dị ka onye na-echebe rosin, AKD na ndị ọrụ nha nha ndị ọzọ. A pụkwara iji cationic cellulose ether mee ihe dị ka ihe nzacha enyemaka akwụkwọ, melite ọnụego njide nke ezigbo eriri na ihe nkpuchi, nwekwara ike iji dị ka nkwado akwụkwọ.

mkpuchi mkpuchi: Eji maka mkpuchi nhazi akwụkwọ mkpuchi mkpuchi, nwere ike dochie cheese, akụkụ nke latex, nke mere na ibipụta ink dị mfe ịbanye, n'ọnụ ọnụ. Enwere ike iji ya dị ka pigment dispersant, viscosifier na stabilizer.

Onye na-ahụ maka nhazi ihu: Enwere ike iji sodium carboxymethyl cellulose mee ihe dị ka onye na-ahụ maka nhazi akwụkwọ, meziwanye ike nke akwụkwọ, ma e jiri ya tụnyere mmanya polyvinyl ugbu a, starch gbanwere mgbe ike elu nwere ike ịbawanye ihe dị ka 10%, a na-ebelata usoro onunu ogwu. ihe dịka 30% Ọ bụ ihe na-enye ohere maka imepụta akwụkwọ, na usoro nke ụdị ọhụrụ ya kwesịrị ịmalite nke ọma. Cationic cellulose ether nwere arụmọrụ dị elu karịa cationic starch, ọ bụghị nanị na ọ nwere ike ime ka ike dị elu nke akwụkwọ dịkwuo mma, kamakwa ọ nwere ike imezi mmịpụta ink nke akwụkwọ, na-abawanye mmetụta ịcha akwa, bụkwa onye na-ahụ maka nhazi elu na-ekwe nkwa.

3.4 Ụlọ ọrụ akwa

N'ime ụlọ ọrụ akwa, enwere ike iji cellulose ether mee ihe dị ka onye na-ahụ maka nha nha, onye na-eme ka ọ dị larịị na ihe na-eme ka ọ sie ike maka pulp textile.

Sizing gị n'ụlọnga: cellulose ether dị ka sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl cellulose ether, hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl cellulose ether na ndị ọzọ iche iche nwere ike ji mee ihe dị ka sizing gị n'ụlọnga, na ọ dịghị mfe na-emebi na ebu, ibipụta na dyeing, na-enweghị desizing, kwalite agba nwere ike nweta edo edo. colloid na mmiri.

Onye na-ahụ maka ọkwa ọkwa: nwere ike ịkwalite ike hydrophilic na osmotic nke agba, n'ihi na mgbanwe viscosity dị ntakịrị, dị mfe iji dozie ọdịiche agba; Cationic cellulose ether nwekwara mmetụta agba na agba.

Onye na-eme ka ọ dị arọ: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl cellulose ether, hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl cellulose ether nwere ike iji dị ka onye na-ebi akwụkwọ na ịcha akwa slurry, yana obere ihe fọdụrụ, njirimara ọnụego agba dị elu, bụ klas nke mgbakwunye akwa nwere ike.

3.5 Ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ ezinụlọ

Stable viscosifier: Sodium methylcellulose na siri ike ntụ ntụ raw material mado ngwaahịa na-egwu dispersion nkwusioru kwụsie ike, na mmiri mmiri ma ọ bụ emulsion ịchọ mma ndim, dispersing, homogenizing na ndị ọzọ ọrụ. Enwere ike iji ya dị ka stabilizer na viscosifier.

Emulsifying stabilizer: mee ude, emulsifier ncha ntutu, ihe na-eme ka ọ sie ike na stabilizer. Enwere ike iji sodium carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose mee ihe dị ka ihe ntanye eze na-eme ka ọ dị mma, na-enwe ezigbo thixotropic Njirimara, nke mere na ntacha eze nwere ezi formability, ogologo oge deformation, edo na siri uto. Sodium carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose nnu nguzogide, acid iguzogide dị elu, mmetụta dị nnọọ mma karịa carboxymethyl cellulose, ike ga-eji dị ka ncha na viscosifier, unyi Mgbakwụnye n'ụlọnga.

Dispersion thickener: Na ncha mmepụta, n'ozuzu ojiji nke sodium carboxymethyl cellulose dị ka ncha ncha unyi dispersant, Liquid detergent thickener na dispersant.

3.6 Ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ na nri

Na ọgwụ ụlọ ọrụ, hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl cellulose ike ga-eji dị ka ọgwụ excipients, ọtụtụ ebe na-eji ọnụ ọgwụ ọkpụkpụ achịkwa ntọhapụ na nọgidere ntọhapụ nkwadebe, dị ka a ntọhapụ igbochi ihe na-achịkwa ntọhapụ nke ọgwụ, dị ka mkpuchi ihe kwadoro ntọhapụ n'ụlọnga, nọgidere tọhapụ pellets. , capsules ntọhapụ na-adịgide adịgide. Nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ methyl carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl carboxymethyl cellulose, dị ka MC na-ejikarị emepụta mbadamba nkume na capsules, ma ọ bụ mbadamba ihe mkpuchi shuga.

Enwere ike iji ọkwa dị mma nke cellulose ether mee ihe na ụlọ ọrụ nri, n'ụdị nri dị iche iche bụ ihe na-eme ka ọ dị mma, emulsifier, stabilizer, excipient, onye na-ejide mmiri na onye na-emepụta ụfụfụ. Achọpụtala Methyl cellulose na hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose dị ka ihe na-adịghị emerụ ahụ nke metabolic inert. E nwere ike ịgbakwunye carboxymethyl cellulose dị ọcha (99.5% ma ọ bụ karịa) nri, dị ka mmiri ara ehi na ngwaahịa ude, condiments, jams, jelii, cans, table syrups and drinks. Ịdị ọcha nke ihe karịrị 90% carboxymethyl cellulose nwere ike iji na akụkụ ndị metụtara nri, dị ka etinyere na njem na nchekwa nke mkpụrụ osisi ọhụrụ, ihe mkpuchi plastik nwere mmetụta nchekwa dị mma, obere mmetọ, enweghị mmebi, dị mfe iji mechanized mmepụta uru.

3.7 Ngwa anya na eletriki arụ ọrụ

Electrolyte ndim stabilizer: n'ihi na elu ịdị ọcha nke cellulose ether, ezi acid eguzogide, nnu-eguzogide, karịsịa ígwè na arọ metal ọdịnaya bụ ala, otú colloid bụ nnọọ ike, adabara alkaline batrị, zinc manganese batrị electrolyte ndim stabilizer.

Ihe kristal Liquid: Ebe ọ bụ na 1976, nchọpụta mbụ nke hydroxypropyl cellulose - usoro mmiri mmiri mmiri kristal na-ajụ oge, achọtawo na ngwọta organic kwesịrị ekwesị, ọtụtụ ihe ndị na-emepụta cellulose na ntinye uche dị elu nwere ike ịmepụta ngwọta anisotropic, dịka ọmụmaatụ, hydroxypropyl cellulose na acetate, propionate. , benzoate, phthalate, acetyxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, wdg Na mgbakwunye na-akpụ colloidal ionic mmiri mmiri kristal ngwọta, ụfọdụ esters nke hydroxypropyl cellulose na-egosikwa a onwunwe.

Ọtụtụ cellulose ethers na-egosi thermotropic mmiri kristal Njirimara. Acetyl hydroxypropyl cellulose kpụrụ thermogenic cholesteric mmiri mmiri kristal n'okpuru 164 ℃. Acetoacetate hydroxypropyl cellulose, trifluoroacetate hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose na usoro ya, ethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose, trimethylsiliccellulose na butyldimethylsiliccellulose, heptyl cellulose na butoxylethyl cellulose, hydroxytatel na kristal choleremulose. Ụfọdụ cellulose esters dị ka cellulose benzoate, p-methoxybenzoate na p-methylbenzoate, cellulose heptanate nwere ike na-etolite thermogenic cholesteric mmiri kristal.

Ihe mkpuchi eletriki: onye na-ahụ maka cyanoethyl cellulose etherifying maka acrylonitrile, dielectric ya dị elu mgbe niile, ọnụọgụ ọnwụ dị ala, enwere ike iji ya dị ka phosphorus na electroluminescent oriọna resin matrix na mkpuchi mkpuchi.

4. Okwu mmechi

Iji mgbanwe kemịkalụ iji nweta ihe ndị sitere na cellulose nwere ọrụ pụrụ iche bụ ụzọ dị irè isi chọta ojiji ọhụrụ maka cellulose, ihe okike kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa. Dị ka otu n'ime ihe ndị na-emepụta cellulose, cellulose ether dị ka physiological na-adịghị emerụ ahụ, ihe ndị na-emetọ mmiri na-adịghị na-emetọ mmiri n'ihi ihe ndị magburu onwe ya, ejiriwo ya n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ, ọ ga-enwekwa atụmanya dị ukwuu maka mmepe.