Cellulose ether na-eji akọrọ agwakọta ngwa agha

A na-enyocha mmetụta nke ọtụtụ cellulose single ethers na ngwakọta ethers na ngwa ngwa agwakọta akọrọ na njide mmiri na njupụta, mmiri mmiri, arụ ọrụ, mmetụta ikuku ikuku, na ike nke ngwa ngwa agwakọta akọrọ. Ọ dị mma karịa otu ether; A na-atụ anya ntụziaka mmepe nke ntinye nke cellulose ether na ngwa ngwa agwakọta akọrọ.

Isi okwu:cellulose ether; ngwa ngwa agwakọta akọrọ; otu ether; agwakọta ether

Ngwa agha ọdịnala nwere nsogbu dị ka mgbawa dị mfe, ọbara ọgbụgba, arụ ọrụ adịghị mma, mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi, wdg, a ga-eji ngwa ngwa agwakọta akpọnwụ jiri nwayọ dochie ya. Ngwa ngwa agwakọta akọrọ, nke a makwaara dị ka ngwa ngwa agwakọta (akọrọ) tupu agwakọta, ihe ntụ ntụ nkụ, ngwakọta akọrọ, ntụ ntụ ntụ, ngwa ngwa agwakọta akpọnwụ akpọnwụ, bụ ngwa ngwa agwakọta nke agwụchachara na-enweghị agwakọta mmiri. Cellulose ether nwere ihe magburu onwe ya dị ka ndina, emulsification, nkwusioru, mmepụta ihe nkiri, colloid nchebe, njigide mmiri, na adhesion, ma bụrụ ihe dị mkpa na-adaba na ngwa ngwa agwakọta akọrọ.

Akwụkwọ a na-ewebata uru, ọghọm na mmepe mmepe nke cellulose ether na ntinye nke ngwa ngwa agwakọta akọrọ.

1. Njirimara nke ngwa agha agwakọta akọrọ

Dị ka ihe owuwu ahụ si dị, a pụrụ iji ngwa ngwa agwakọta akọrọ akọrọ mgbe a tụchara ya nke ọma ma gwakọta ya nke ọma na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, wee gwakọta ya na mmiri n'ebe a na-ewu ụlọ dịka njedebe mmiri-ciment siri dị. E jiri ya tụnyere ngwa agha ọdịnala, ngwa ngwa agwakọtara akpọnwụ nwere uru ndị a:①A na-emepụta mma dị mma, ngwa ngwa agwakọta akọrọ dị ka usoro sayensị si dị, akpaaka buru ibu, yana mgbakwunye kwesịrị ekwesị iji hụ na ngwaahịa ahụ nwere ike izute ihe dị mma chọrọ;②Ụdị dị iche iche dị ukwuu, enwere ike ịmepụta ngwa agha arụmọrụ dị iche iche dịka ihe dị iche iche chọrọ;③Ọmarịcha arụmọrụ ihe owuwu, dị mfe itinye na ịchacha, na-ewepụ mkpa nke mkpụrụ tupu wetting na-esote mmezi mmiri;④Ọ dị mfe iji, tinye naanị mmiri na nwuo, dị mfe ibufe na ịchekwa, adaba maka njikwa ihe owuwu;⑤akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi, enweghị uzuzu na ebe a na-ewu ihe, ọ dịghị ikpokọta ihe dị iche iche nke akụrụngwa, na-ebelata mmetụta na gburugburu ebe obibi;⑥ngwa ngwa agwakọta nke akụ na ụba, akọrọ akọrọ na-ezere iji akụrụngwa eme ihe n'ụzọ ezi uche na-adịghị na ya n'ihi ihe ezi uche dị na ya, yana dabara maka igwe nrụpụta Ihe nrụpụta na-ebelata usoro ihe owuwu ma belata ọnụ ahịa ihe owuwu.

Cellulose ether bụ ngwakọta dị mkpa nke ngwa ngwa agwakọta akọrọ. Cellulose ether nwere ike ịmepụta calcium-silicate-hydroxide (CSH) kwụsiri ike na ájá na simenti iji mezuo ihe achọrọ nke ngwa ngwa ọhụrụ na-arụ ọrụ dị elu.

2. Cellulose ether dị ka admixture

Cellulose ether bụ polymer eke emezigharịrị nke atom hydrogen dị na otu hydroxyl dị na cellulose structural unit na-anọchi anya otu ndị ọzọ. Ụdị, ọnụọgụ na nkesa nke ndị nọchiri anya na cellulose isi yinye na-ekpebi ụdị na ọdịdị.

Otu hydroxyl na cellulose ether molecular chain na-emepụta njikọ ikuku oxygen intermolecular, nke nwere ike imezi otu na izu oke nke ciment hydration; mee ka ngwa ngwa na-agbanwe agbanwe, gbanwee rheology na compressibility nke ngwa agha; melite mgbape mgbochi nke ngwa agha; Entraining ikuku, melite workability nke ngwa agha.

2.1 Ngwa nke carboxymethyl cellulose

Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) bụ otu cellulose ether nwere ike ịsacha mmiri ionic, a na-ejikarị nnu sodium ya eme ihe. CMC dị ọcha dị ọcha ma ọ bụ mmiri ara ehi na-acha ọcha fibrous ntụ ntụ ma ọ bụ granules, enweghị isi na enweghị ụtọ. Isi ihe na-egosi iji tụọ àgwà CMC bụ ogo nke nnọchi (DS) na viscosity, nghọta na nkwụsi ike nke ngwọta.

Mgbe agbakwunyere CMC na ngwa agha ahụ, ọ na-enwe mmetụta siri ike na njigide mmiri, yana mmetụta siri ike na-adabere na ịdị arọ ya na ogo nke nnọchi ya. Mgbe agbakwunyere CMC maka awa 48, a tụrụ ya na ọnụego mmịpụta mmiri nke ihe nlele ngwa agha belatara. N'ịbụ nke dị ala nke ntanye mmiri, ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke njide mmiri; mmetụta njide mmiri na-abawanye na mmụba nke mgbakwunye CMC. N'ihi mmetụta dị mma na-ejigide mmiri, ọ nwere ike hụ na ngwakọta ngwakọta akọrọ akọrọ adịghị agbapụta ọbara ma ọ bụ kewapụ ya. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-ejikarị CMC eme ihe dị ka ihe na-egbochi ịsa mmiri na mmiri mmiri, ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, àkwà mmiri na ụlọ ndị ọzọ, nke nwere ike ibelata mmetụta mmiri na ciment na nchịkọta dị mma ma belata mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi.

CMC bụ ogige ionic ma nwee nnukwu ihe achọrọ na ciment, ma ọ bụghị ya, ọ nwere ike meghachi omume na Ca (OH) 2 gbazere na ciment mgbe agwakọta ya n'ime cement slurry iji mepụta calcium carboxymethylcellulose na-adịghị edozi mmiri ma hapụ viscosity ya, na-ebelata ọrụ njigide mmiri. nke CMC adịghị mma; Nguzogide enzyme nke CMC adịghị mma.

2.2 Ngwa nkehydroxyethyl cellulosena hydroxypropyl cellulose

Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) na hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) bụ ndị na-abụghị ionic mmiri-soluble otu cellulose ethers nwere nnukwu nnu na-eguzogide. HEC kwụsiri ike ikpo ọkụ; na-edozi ngwa ngwa na mmiri oyi na mmiri ọkụ; Mgbe uru pH dị 2-12, viscosity na-agbanwe ntakịrị. HPC na-agbaze na mmiri n'okpuru 40°C na ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ihe mgbaze pola. Ọ nwere thermoplasticity na ọrụ elu. N'ịdị elu nke ngbanwe, na-ebelata okpomọkụ nke mmiri nke HPC nwere ike igbari.

Ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke HEC agbakwunyere na ngwa agha na-abawanye, ike mkpakọ, ike nkwụsị na nkwụsị corrosion nke ngwa agha na-ebelata n'ime oge dị mkpirikpi, ọrụ ahụ na-agbanwe ntakịrị oge. HEC na-emetụtakwa nkesa pores na ngwa agha. Mgbe agbakwunyere HPC na ngwa agha ahụ, porosity nke ngwa agha ahụ dị ntakịrị, na mmiri achọrọ na-ebelata, si otú a na-ebelata ọrụ nke ngwa agha ahụ. N'iji ya eme ihe n'ezie, ekwesịrị iji HPC yana plasticizer iji melite arụmọrụ ngwa agha.

2.3 Ngwa nke methyl cellulose

Methylcellulose (MC) bụ otu cellulose ether na-abụghị ionic, nke nwere ike ịgbasa ngwa ngwa ma zaa na mmiri ọkụ na 80-90.°C, ma gbazee ngwa ngwa mgbe ị jụrụ. Ihe ngwọta mmiri nke MC nwere ike ịmepụta gel. Mgbe a na-ekpo ọkụ, MC anaghị agbaze na mmiri iji mepụta gel, mgbe ọ dị jụụ, gel na-agbaze. Ihe omume a na-agbanwe kpamkpam. Mgbe agbakwunyere MC na ngwa agha ahụ, a na-eme ka mmetụta njide mmiri dị mma. Njide mmiri nke MC na-adabere na viscosity ya, ogo nke nnọchi, ịdị mma, na ego mgbakwunye. Ịtinye MC nwere ike imeziwanye ihe mgbochi nke ngwa agha; mee ka mmanu mmanu na ịdị n'otu nke ihe ndị a chụsasịrị agbasasị, mee ka ngwa agha ahụ dịkwuo mma ma dịkwuo mma, mmetụta nke troweling na smoothing dị mma karị, na arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ ka mma.

Ọnụ ego MC agbakwunyere nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na ngwa agha ahụ. Mgbe ọdịnaya MC karịrị 2%, ike nke ngwa agha na-ebelata ka ọkara nke mbụ. Mmetụta njide mmiri na-abawanye na mmụba nke viscosity nke MC, ma mgbe viscosity nke MC ruru otu uru, solubility nke MC na-ebelata, njide mmiri adịghị agbanwe nke ukwuu, na ịrụ ọrụ ụlọ na-ebelata.

2.4 Ngwa nke hydroxyethylmethylcellulose na hydroxypropylmethylcellulose

Otu ether nwere ihe ọghọm nke dispersibility na-adịghị mma, agglomeration na ngwa ngwa siri ike mgbe ego agbakwunyere dị ntakịrị, na ọtụtụ ihe efu na ngwa agha mgbe ego agbakwunyere dị ukwuu, na ike nke ihe ahụ na-akawanye njọ; ya mere, ịrụ ọrụ, ike mkpakọ, na ike mgbanwe Arụmọrụ adịghị mma. Ngwakọta ethers nwere ike imeri adịghị ike nke otu ethers ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ; ego a gbakwunyere na-erughị nke otu ethers.

Hydroxyethylmethylcellulose (HEMC) na hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) bụ nonionic agwakọta cellulose ethers na Njirimara nke ọ bụla otu nnọchi cellulose ether.

Ọdịdị HEMC dị ọcha, ntụ ntụ na-acha ọcha ma ọ bụ granule, enweghị isi na enweghị ụtọ, hygroscopic, na-adịghị ike na mmiri ọkụ. Mgbasa ahụ adịghị emetụta uru pH (dị ka MC), ma n'ihi mgbakwunye nke hydroxyethyl dị iche iche na agbụ molecular, HEMC nwere oke nnu nnu karịa MC, dị mfe igbari na mmiri, ma nwee okpomọkụ dị elu. HEMC nwere njigide mmiri siri ike karịa MC; nkwụsi ike viscosity, iguzogide mildew, na dispersibility siri ike karịa HEC.

HPMC bụ ntụ ntụ na-acha ọcha ma ọ bụ na-acha ọcha, anaghị egbu egbu, enweghị ụtọ na enweghị isi. Arụmọrụ nke HPMC nwere nkọwa dị iche iche dị nnọọ iche. HPMC na-agbaze na mmiri oyi ka ọ bụrụ ngwọta colloidal doro anya ma ọ bụ dịtụ turbid, soluble na ụfọdụ ihe mgbaze organic, yana soluble na mmiri. Ngwakọta ngwakọta nke ihe mgbaze organic, dị ka ethanol n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị, na mmiri. Ihe ngwọta mmiri nwere njirimara nke ọrụ elu dị elu, nghọta dị elu na arụmọrụ kwụsiri ike. Mgbasa nke HPMC na mmiri adịghịkwa emetụta pH. Solubility dịgasị iche na viscosity, ala nke viscosity, nke ukwuu solubility. Site na mbelata nke ọdịnaya metoxyl na ụmụ irighiri ihe HPMC, ebe gel nke HPMC na-abawanye, mmiri solubility na-ebelata, ọrụ elu na-ebelatakwa. Na mgbakwunye na njirimara a na-ahụkarị nke ụfọdụ cellulose ethers, HPMC nwekwara ezigbo nguzogide nnu, nkwụsi ike akụkụ, nguzogide enzyme, na nnukwu mgbasa.

Ọrụ bụ isi nke HEMC na HPMC na ngwa ngwa agwakọta akpọnwụ bụ ndị a.①Ezigbo njide mmiri. HEMC na HPMC nwere ike hụ na ngwa agha ahụ agaghị ebute nsogbu dị ka ájá, ntụ ntụ na mbelata ike nke ngwaahịa ahụ n'ihi enweghị mmiri na hydration ciment ezughị ezu. Melite otu, ịrụ ọrụ na ike ngwaahịa. Mgbe ọnụọgụ HPMC agbakwunyere karịrị 0.08%, nrụgide mkpụrụ na viscosity rọba nke ngwa agha na-abawanye na mmụba nke ego HPMC.②Dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka ikuku. Mgbe ọdịnaya nke HEMC na HPMC bụ 0.5%, ọdịnaya gas bụ nke kachasị, ihe dịka 55%. Ike mgbanwe na ike mkpakọ nke ngwa agha.③Melite ikike ịrụ ọrụ. Mgbakwunye nke HEMC na HPMC na-enyere aka ịdepụta ngwa agha dị larịị na paving nke plasta.

HEMC na HPMC nwere ike igbu oge hydration nke ngwa ngwa, DS bụ ihe kacha mkpa na-emetụta hydration, na mmetụta nke metoxyl ọdịnaya na-egbu oge hydration karịrị nke hydroxyethyl na hydroxypropyl ọdịnaya.

Ekwesiri iburu n'uche na cellulose ether nwere mmetụta okpukpu abụọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ngwa agha, ọ pụkwara ịrụ ọrụ dị mma ma ọ bụrụ na ejiri ya mee ihe nke ọma, ma ọ ga-enwe mmetụta na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụrụ na ejiri ya mee ihe na-ekwesịghị ekwesị. Arụmọrụ nke ogbunigwe agwakọta akọrọ na mbụ metụtara mgbanwe nke cellulose ether, na ether cellulose na-emetụta na-emetụtakwa ihe ndị dị ka ego na usoro nke mgbakwunye. Na ngwa bara uru, enwere ike ịhọrọ otu ụdị cellulose ether, ma ọ bụ ụdị dị iche iche nke cellulose ether nwere ike ijikọta.

3. Outlook

Ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa agwakọta akọrọ na-enye ohere na ihe ịma aka maka mmepe na ntinye nke cellulose ether. Ndị na-eme nchọpụta na ndị na-emepụta ihe kwesịrị iji ohere ahụ mee ka ọkwa nkà na ụzụ dịkwuo mma, ma na-agbasi mbọ ike ime ka ụdị dị iche iche dịkwuo elu ma melite nkwụsi ike ngwaahịa. Mgbe ọ na-emezu ihe ndị a chọrọ maka iji ngwa agha agwakọta akọrọ, ọ nwetala mmụba na ụlọ ọrụ ether cellulose.