Cellulose Ether na ụlọ ọrụ akwụkwọ

Akwụkwọ a na-ewebata ụdị, ụzọ nkwadebe, njirimara arụmọrụ na ọnọdụ ngwa nke cellulose ethers na ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta akwụkwọ, na-ewepụta ụfọdụ ụdị cellulose ethers ọhụrụ na atụmanya mmepe, na-atụle ngwa ha na mmepe mmepe na ịmepụta akwụkwọ.

Isi okwu:cellulose ether; arụmọrụ; ụlọ ọrụ akwụkwọ

Cellulose bụ ngwakọta polymer eke, usoro kemịkalụ ya bụ polysaccharide macromolecule nwere anhydrous.β-glucose dị ka mgbanaka mgbanaka, na mgbanaka ntọala ọ bụla nwere otu hydroxyl isi na otu hydroxyl nke abụọ. Site na mgbanwe kemịkalụ ya, enwere ike nweta usoro mkpụrụ ndụ cellulose. Usoro nkwadebe nke cellulose ether bụ iji cellulose meghachi omume na NaOH, wee mee mmeghachi omume etherification na ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche dị ka methyl chloride, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, wdg, wee sachaa nnu site na ngwaahịa na ụfọdụ cellulose sodium iji nweta. ngwaahịa. Cellulose ether bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị dị mkpa nke cellulose, nke a pụrụ iji mee ihe na nkà mmụta ọgwụ na ịdị ọcha, ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ kwa ụbọchị, ịde akwụkwọ, nri, ọgwụ, ihe owuwu, ihe na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ. N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, mba ndị mba ọzọ etinyewo nyocha ya dị ukwuu, a rụpụtakwara ọtụtụ ihe n'ime nyocha bụ isi, tinye mmetụta bara uru na nkwadebe. N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ na China ejirila nwayọọ nwayọọ malite itinye aka na nyocha nke akụkụ a, ma na mbụ nweta nsonaazụ ụfọdụ na mmepụta ihe. Ya mere, mmepe na itinye n'ọrụ nke cellulose ether na-arụ ọrụ dị oke mkpa n'iji ihe ndị dị ndụ na-eme ka ọ dị ọhụrụ na-emewanyewanye nke akwụkwọ na arụmọrụ. Ọ bụ ụdị mgbakwunye ọhụrụ nke imepụta akwụkwọ kwesịrị ịmalite.

1. Nhazi na ụzọ nkwadebe nke cellulose ethers

A na-ekewa nhazi nke cellulose ethers n'ụdị 4 dịka ionicity siri dị.

1.1 Nonionic Cellulose Ether

Na-abụghị ionic cellulose ether bụ tumadi cellulose alkyl ether, na nkwadebe usoro bụ imeghachi omume cellulose na NaOH, wee na-ebu etherification mmeghachi omume na dị iche iche ọtọ monomers dị ka monochloromethane, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, wdg , wee nweta site na-asachapụ. Nnu nke ngwaahịa nnu na cellulose sodium, tumadi gụnyere methyl cellulose ether, methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ether, hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, cyanoethyl Cellulose ether na hydroxybutyl cellulose ether na-ọtụtụ ebe.

1.2 Anionic cellulose ether

Anionic cellulose ethers bụ tumadi sodium carboxymethyl cellulose na sodium carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose. Usoro nkwadebe bụ iji NaOH meghachi omume cellulose wee mee ether na chloroacetic acid, ethylene oxide na propylene oxide. Mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ, wee nweta site na ịsacha nnu nke ngwaahịa na sodium cellulose.

1.3 Cationic cellulose ether

cationic cellulose ethers tumadi gụnyere 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride cellulose ether, nke a na-akwado site na-emeghachi omume cellulose na NaOH wee meghachi omume na cationic etherifying agent 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl Trimethyl ammonium chloride ma ọ bụ etherification mmeghachi omume na propylene oxide na propylene oxide. wee nweta ya site na ịsacha nnu sitere na ngwaahịa na sodium cellulose.

1.4 Zwitterionic Cellulose Ether

Usoro ihe omimi nke zwitterionic cellulose ether nwere ma otu anionic na otu cationic. Usoro nkwadebe ya bụ iji cellulose meghachi omume na NaOH wee meghachi omume na monochloroacetic acid na cationic etherification agent 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl Trimethylammonium chloride na-etherified, wee nweta ya site na ịsacha nnu nke ngwaahịa na sodium cellulose.

2. Arụmọrụ na njirimara nke cellulose ether

2.1 Nhazi ihe nkiri na adhesion

Etherification nke cellulose ether nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na njirimara ya na ihe onwunwe ya, dị ka solubility, ike ịmepụta ihe nkiri, ike nkekọ na nguzogide nnu. Cellulose ether nwere nnukwu ígwè ọrụ ike, mgbanwe, okpomọkụ na-eguzogide na oyi na-eguzogide, ma nwee ezigbo ndakọrịta dị iche iche resins na plasticizers, a pụkwara iji mee plastik, ihe nkiri, varnishes, adhesives, latex Na ọgwụ mkpuchi ihe, wdg.

2.2 Solubility

Cellulose ether nwere ezigbo mmiri solubility n'ihi ịdị adị nke polyhydroxyl dị iche iche, na nwere dị iche iche mgbaze selectivity maka organic solvents dị iche iche substituents. Methylcellulose na-agbaze n'ime mmiri oyi, a naghị edozi ya na mmiri ọkụ, yana soluble na ụfọdụ ihe mgbaze; methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose bụ soluble na mmiri oyi, a na-apụghị soluble na mmiri ọkụ na organic solvents. Otú ọ dị, mgbe ngwọta mmiri nke methylcellulose na methylhydroxyethylcellulose na-ekpo ọkụ, methylcellulose na methylhydroxyethylcellulose ga-ebuli. Methyl cellulose na-agbapụta na 45-60°C, ebe okpomọkụ nke etherified methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose na-abawanye ruo 65-80.°C. Mgbe a na-ebelata okpomọkụ, ihe na-agbapụta na-agbaze. Hydroxyethylcellulose na sodium carboxymethylcellulose bụ soluble n'ime mmiri n'oge ọ bụla okpomọkụ na insoluble na organic solvents (na ole na ole ewezuga). N'iji ihe onwunwe a eme ihe, a pụrụ ịkwadebe ihe dị iche iche mmanụ na ihe nkiri soluble.

2.3 Na-agba ọsọ

A na-agbaze ether cellulose na mmiri n'ụdị colloid, viscosity ya dabere na ogo polymerization nke cellulose ether, na ngwọta nwere hydrated macromolecules. N'ihi nchikota nke macromolecules, omume na-asọpụta nke ngwọta dị iche na nke mmiri Newtonian, ma na-egosipụta omume na-agbanwe na ike ịkwa akwa. N'ihi usoro macromolecular nke cellulose ether, viscosity nke ngwọta na-abawanye ngwa ngwa na mmụba nke itinye uche ma na-ebelata ngwa ngwa na mmụba nke okpomọkụ. Dị ka njirimara ya si dị, ethers cellulose dị ka carboxymethyl cellulose na hydroxyethyl cellulose nwere ike iji mee ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị arọ maka kemịkalụ kwa ụbọchị, ihe ndị na-ejigide mmiri maka mkpuchi akwụkwọ, na ndị na-ekpuchi ihe mkpuchi ụlọ.

2.4 Mmebi

Mgbe ether cellulose gbazere na mmiri mmiri, nje bacteria ga-eto eto, na uto nke nje bacteria ga-eduga ná mmepụta nke enzyme bacteria. Enzyme ahụ na-agbaji njikọ nke anhydroglucose na-edochighị anya n'akụkụ ether cellulose, na-ebelata ịdị arọ molekụla nke polymer. Ya mere, ọ bụrụ na a ga-echekwa cellulose ether aqueous solution ruo ogologo oge, a ga-agbakwunye ihe nchekwa na ya, a ga-ewerekwa ihe ụfọdụ antiseptik ọbụna maka cellulose ethers nwere antibacterial Njirimara.

3. Ngwa nke cellulose ether na ụlọ ọrụ akwụkwọ

3.1 Onye na-ewusi akwụkwọ ike

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, enwere ike iji CMC mee ihe dị ka onye na-ekesa eriri na ihe na-eme ka akwụkwọ sie ike, nke nwere ike ịgbakwunye na pulp. Ebe ọ bụ na sodium carboxymethyl cellulose nwere otu ụgwọ dị ka pulp na filler particles, ọ nwere ike ịbawanye ịdị nro nke eriri ahụ. Enwere ike imezi mmetụta njikọ dị n'etiti eriri, yana ihe ngosi anụ ahụ dị ka ike nkwụsị, ike mgbawa, na ọbụna mpempe akwụkwọ nwere ike imeziwanye. Dị ka ihe atụ, Longzhu na ndị ọzọ na-eji 100% bleached sulfite osisi pulp, 20% talcum ntụ ntụ, 1% chụgara rosin gluu, mezie pH uru na 4.5 na aluminum sulfate, na-eji elu viscosity CMC (viscosity 800 ~ 1200MPA.S) The ogo nke ngbanwe bụ 0.6. Enwere ike ịhụ na CMC nwere ike melite ike akọrọ nke akwụkwọ ma melite ogo ogo ya.

3.2 Onye na-ahụ maka nha ihu

Enwere ike iji sodium carboxymethyl cellulose mee ihe dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe n'elu akwụkwọ iji meziwanye ike elu nke akwụkwọ. Mmetụta ngwa ya nwere ike ịbawanye ike elu site na ihe dịka 10% ma e jiri ya tụnyere ojiji polyvinyl mmanya ugbu a na onye na-ahụ maka starch gbanwetụrụ, yana enwere ike ibelata usoro onunu site na 30%. Ọ bụ ihe na-ekwe nkwa elu maka imepụta akwụkwọ, na usoro nke ụdị ọhụrụ a kwesịrị ịrụsi ọrụ ike. Cationic cellulose ether nwere ịrụ ọrụ nha nke elu dị mma karịa starch cationic. Ọ bụghị naanị na ọ ga-eme ka ike dị elu nke akwụkwọ dịkwuo mma, kamakwa ọ na-eme ka ọrụ mmịpụta ink dịkwuo mma nke akwụkwọ ma mee ka ọ dịkwuo mma. Ọ bụkwa ihe na-ekwe nkwa nha nha elu. Mo Lihuan na ndị ọzọ jiri sodium carboxymethyl cellulose na oxidized starch mee ule nha elu na akwụkwọ na kaadiboodu. Nsonaazụ na-egosi na CMC nwere mmetụta nha anya dị mma.

Methyl carboxymethyl cellulose sodium nwere ụfọdụ ịrụ ọrụ nha, yana carboxymethyl cellulose sodium nwere ike iji dị ka onye na-ahụ maka nhata pulp. Na mgbakwunye na ogo nha nha nke ya, a pụkwara iji cationic cellulose ether mee ihe dị ka ihe ntinye akwụkwọ ntinye akwụkwọ, mee ka ọnụ ọgụgụ njigide nke ezigbo eriri na ihe ndị na-ejuputa, ma nwee ike iji ya mee ihe dị ka onye na-ewusi akwụkwọ ike.

3.3 Emulsion stabilizer

A na-eji cellulose ether eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na nkwadebe emulsion n'ihi mmetụta ya dị mma na ngwọta aqueous, nke nwere ike ịbawanye viscosity nke emulsion dispersion media ma gbochie emulsion ọdịda na stratification. Dị ka sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, hydroxypropyl cellulose ether, wdg nwere ike ji mee ihe dị ka stabilizers na-echebe mmadụ maka anionic chụgara rosin chịngọm, cationic cellulose ether, hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, hydroxypropyl cellulose ether, wdg Base cellulose ether, methyl cellulose ether. ether, wdg nwekwara ike iji dị ka ihe nchebe maka cationic chụsasịrị rosin chịngọm, AKD, ASA na ndị ọzọ na-sizing ihe. Longzhu et al. eji 100% bleached sulfite osisi pulp, 20% talcum ntụ ntụ, 1% chụsasịrị rosin gluu, gbanwee pH uru na 4.5 na aluminum sulfate, na-eji elu viscosity CMC (viscosity 800 ~ 12000MPA.S). Ogo nke ngbanwe bụ 0.6, a na-ejikwa ya maka nhazi nke ime. Enwere ike ịhụ site na nsonaazụ ya na ọkwa nha nke rosin roba nwere CMC na-emeziwanye nke ọma, na nkwụsi ike nke emulsion rosin dị mma, na njigide nke ihe eji eme ihe na-adịkwa elu.

3.4 Ihe mkpuchi mmiri na-ejigide ihe

Ọ na-eji maka mkpuchi na nhazi akwụkwọ mkpuchi mkpuchi, cyanoethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, wdg nwere ike dochie casein na akụkụ nke latex, nke mere na-ebi akwụkwọ ink nwere ike mfe banye na n'ọnụ doro anya. Carboxymethyl cellulose na hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl cellulose ether nwere ike iji dị ka pigmenti dispersant, thickener, mmiri na-ejigide ihe na stabilizer. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke carboxymethyl cellulose nke a na-eji dị ka onye na-ejigide mmiri na-akwado ihe mkpuchi akwụkwọ mkpuchi bụ 1-2%.

4. Usoro mmepe nke cellulose ether ejiri mee ihe na ụlọ ọrụ akwụkwọ

Ojiji nke mgbanwe kemịkalụ iji nweta ihe ndị sitere na cellulose nwere ọrụ pụrụ iche bụ ụzọ dị irè isi chọọ ojiji ọhụrụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe okike sitere n'okike-cellulose n'ụwa. Enwere ọtụtụ ụdị cellulose na-arụ ọrụ na nnukwu ọrụ, na ethers cellulose etinyere n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ n'ihi arụmọrụ ha dị mma. Iji gboo mkpa nke ụlọ ọrụ akwụkwọ, mmepe nke cellulose ether kwesịrị ịṅa ntị na usoro ndị a:

(1) Mepụta ngwaahịa nkọwapụta dị iche iche nke cellulose ethers dabara maka ngwa ụlọ ọrụ akwụkwọ, dị ka ngwaahịa usoro nwere ogo dị iche iche nke nnọchi, viscosities dị iche iche, na ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ dị iche iche, maka nhọrọ na mmepụta ụdị akwụkwọ dị iche iche.

(2) Ekwesịrị ịbawanye mmepe nke ụdị ọhụrụ cellulose ethers, dị ka cationic cellulose ethers kwesịrị ekwesị maka idebe akwụkwọ na ihe enyemaka mmiri ozuzo, ihe ndị na-eme ka elu ala, na zwitterionic cellulose ethers nke a pụrụ iji mee ihe dị ka ihe na-agba ume iji dochie mkpuchi latex Cyanoethyl cellulose ether. na ihe ndị dị ka ihe nkedo.

(3) Mee ka nyocha siri ike na usoro nkwadebe nke cellulose ether na usoro nkwadebe ọhụrụ ya, karịsịa nyocha nke ibelata ọnụ ahịa na ime ka usoro ahụ dị mfe.

(4) Mee ka nchọpụta ahụ dị ike na njirimara nke cellulose ethers, karịsịa ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe nkiri, ihe ndị na-ejikọta ọnụ na ihe ndị na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ dị iche iche nke cellulose ethers dị iche iche, na-eme ka nchọpụta nyocha na ntinye nke cellulose ethers na-emepụta akwụkwọ.