Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ na-ezughị ezu, mmepụta nke ugbu a nke na-abụghị ionic cellulose ether eruola ihe karịrị 500,000 ton n'ụwa nile, nahydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMCihe ndekọ maka 80% nke 400,000 tọn, China na-adịbeghị anya afọ abụọ, a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụlọ ọrụ amụbawo mmepụta ikike ngwa ngwa gbasaa ka ugbu a ikike nke banyere 180 000 ton, banyere 60 000 tọn nke anụ ụlọ oriri, N'ime nke a, ihe karịrị 550 nde. A na-eji ton na ụlọ ọrụ na ihe dịka 70% na-eji dị ka ihe mgbakwunye ụlọ.
N'ihi ihe dị iche iche eji eme ihe, ihe ntinye ntinye ash nke ngwaahịa nwere ike ịdị iche iche, nke mere na n'ime usoro mmepụta ihe, nhazi nke mmepụta dịka ihe achọrọ nke ụdị dị iche iche na-eme ka mmetụta nke ịchekwa ike, mbelata oriri na ihe oriri. mbelata ikuku.
1. Ash ọdịnaya nke hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC na ya ẹdude ụdị
Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) ụkpụrụ ịdị mma ụlọ ọrụ a na-akpọ ash na pharmacopoeia a na-akpọ sulfate, ya bụ ihe fọdụrụ na-ere ọkụ, nwere ike ịghọta ya dị ka adịghị ọcha inorganic dị na ngwaahịa ahụ. Tumadi site na mmepụta usoro nke siri ike alkali (sodium hydroxide) site mmeghachi omume na ikpeazụ ukpụhọde nke pH na-anọpụ iche nnu na akụrụngwa mbụ pụta ụwa inorganic nnu nchikota.
Ụzọ maka ikpebi ngụkọta ash; A na-ere ụfọdụ ihe atụ ọkụ n'ọkụ dị elu mgbe carbonization gasịrị, nke mere na ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka oxidized na-emebi emebi, na-agbanahụ n'ụdị carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides na mmiri, ebe ihe inorganic na-anọgide n'ụdị sulfate, phosphate, carbonate. , chloride na ndị ọzọ inorganic salts na metal oxides, ndị a fọdụrụnụ bụ ntụ. Enwere ike ịgbakọ mkpokọta ntụ nke ihe nlele ahụ site n'ịtụta ihe fọdụrụ.
Dị ka usoro na ojiji nke dị iche iche acid na ga-emepụta dị iche iche nnu: tumadi sodium chloride (site mmeghachi omume nke chloride ion na chloromethane na sodium hydroxide) na ndị ọzọ acid neutralization nwere ike na-emepụta sodium acetate, sodium sulfide ma ọ bụ sodium oxalate.
2. Ash chọrọ ọdịnaya nke hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC
Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC na tumadi ji maka ndim, emulsifying, film akpụ, colloid nchebe, mmiri njigide, adhesion, enzyme eguzogide na metabolic inertia, wdg Ọ na-ọtụtụ-eji na ọtụtụ ubi nke ụlọ ọrụ, nke nwere ike roughly kewara n'ime ndị na-esonụ akụkụ. :
(1) Mwube: isi ọrụ bụ ijigide mmiri, ịgbara mmiri, viscosity, mmanu mmanu, eruba iji melite ciment na gypsum workability, mgbapụta. Ihe mkpuchi ihe owuwu, mkpuchi latex bụ nke a na-ejikarị dị ka colloid nchebe, imepụta ihe nkiri, ihe na-eme ka ọ sie ike na enyemaka nkwusioru pigmenti.
(2) POLYvinyl chloride: tumadi eji dị ka a dispersant na polymerization mmeghachi omume nke nkwusioru polymerization usoro.
(3) kwa ụbọchị chemicals: tumadi eji dị ka ihe nchebe isiokwu, ọ nwere ike melite ngwaahịa emulsification, mgbochi enzyme, dispersion, bonding, elu ọrụ, film akpụ, moisturizing, ụfụfụ, akpụ, ntọhapụ gị n'ụlọnga, softener, mmanu mmanu na ndị ọzọ Njirimara;
(4) ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ: na ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ọgwụ na-ejikarị maka mmepụta nkwadebe, dị ka nkwadebe siri ike nke onye na-ekpuchi ihe, oghere capsule capsule, ihe nkedo, maka usoro nke ndị na-emepụta ihe na-adịgide adịgide, na-emepụta ihe nkiri, onye na-akpata pore, dị ka a mmiri mmiri, ọkara siri ike nkwadebe nke ndim, emulsification, nkwusioru, ngwa matriks;
(5) ceramics: eji dị ka bonding akpụ gị n'ụlọnga nke seramiiki ulo oru oghere, dispersant nke glaze agba;
(6) akwụkwọ: mgbasa ozi, agba agba, onye na-ewusi ike;
(7) Mbipụta na ịcha akwa: akwa akwa, agba, onye na-ahụ maka ịgbatị agba:
(8) na mmepụta nke ugbo: eji na ugbo na-agwọ mkpụrụ osisi, nwere ike melite germination ọnụego, nwere ike moisturize na igbochi mildew, mkpụrụ osisi, na-adịgide adịgide ntọhapụ nke chemical fatịlaịza na pesticides.
Site nzaghachi nke n'elu ogologo oge ngwa ahụmahụ na nchịkọta nke esịtidem akara ụkpụrụ nke ụfọdụ mba ọzọ na ụlọ ụlọ ọrụ, ọ pụrụ ịhụ na ọ bụ nanị ụfọdụ ngwaahịa nke PVC polymerization na kwa ụbọchị chemical ngwaahịa chọrọ nnu akara <0.010, na pharmacopoeia nke. mba dị iche iche chọrọ njikwa nnu <0.015. Na ndị ọzọ ojiji nke nnu akara nwere ike dịtụ wider, karịsịa ewu ọkwa ngwaahịa na mgbakwunye na mmepụta nke putty, mkpuchi nnu nwere ụfọdụ chọrọ n'èzí ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịchịkwa nnu <0.05 nwere ike ihu ọma izute ojiji.
3. Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC usoro na mmepụta usoro
Enwere ụzọ atọ isi mmepụta nke hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC n'ụlọ na ná mba ọzọ:
(1) Usoro mmiri mmiri (usoro slurry): a na-agbasasị ntụ ntụ cellulose na-ekpo ọkụ na ihe dị ka ugboro 10 nke ihe mgbaze organic na vertical na kehoraizin reactors na ike mkpasu iwe, na mgbe ahụ a quantitative alkali ngwọta na etherifying gị n'ụlọnga na-agbakwunyere maka mmeghachi omume. Mgbe mmeghachi omume ahụ gasịrị, a na-asacha ngwaahịa a gwụchara, akpọnwụwo, gwerie ya ma sie ya na mmiri ọkụ.
(2) Usoro gas-phase (usoro gas siri ike): mmeghachi omume nke ntụ ntụ ntụ ntụ na-agwụcha n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọkara ala kpọrọ nkụ site n'ịgbakwunye quantitative lye na etherifying gị n'ụlọnga ma na-enwetakwa obere ego nke ngwaahịa na-esi na-esi na ya. kehoraizin reactor na ike agitation. Ọ dịghị mkpa ịgbakwunye ihe mgbaze organic maka mmeghachi omume. Mgbe mmeghachi omume ahụ gasịrị, a na-asacha ngwaahịa a gwụchara, akpọnwụwo, gwerie ya ma sie ya na mmiri ọkụ.
(3) Usoro homogeneous (usoro mgbasa): Enwere ike ịgbakwunye kehoraizin ozugbo mgbe a gwepịara cellulose ya na reactor siri ike gbasasịa na naoh / urea (ma ọ bụ ihe mgbaze ndị ọzọ nke cellulose) banyere 5 ~ 8 ugboro mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na ihe mgbaze, mgbe ahụ. na-agbakwunye quantitative lye na etherifying onye na-ahụ maka mmeghachi omume na mmeghachi omume, mgbe mmeghachi omume na-eme ka mmeghachi omume acetone dị mma cellulose ether, Mgbe ahụ, ịsacha mmiri ọkụ, ihicha, na-egweri, nyocha iji nweta ngwaahịa emechara. (Ọ kabeghị na mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ).
Akwụsị mmeghachi omume n'agbanyeghị na-eji ụdị ụzọ ndị a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu nwere ọtụtụ nnu, dị ka usoro dị iche iche nwere ike ịmepụta bụ: sodium chloride na sodium acetate, sodium sulfide, sodium oxalate, na mix nnu, mkpa site na desalination, na ojiji nke nnu n'ime mmiri solubility, n'ozuzu ya na ọtụtụ ịsacha mmiri ọkụ, ugbu a bụ isi akụrụngwa na ụzọ ịsa ahụ bụ:
(1) Belt agụụ ihe nzacha; A na-eji ya na-asa nnu site n'ịwụsa ihe ndị ahụ n'ime mmiri ọkụ ma tinyezie slurry ahụ nke ọma na eriri nzacha site n'ịfesa mmiri ọkụ n'elu ma kpochaa ala.
(2) kehoraizin centrifuge: ya site na njedebe nke mmeghachi omume nke crude ihe n'ime mmiri ọkụ slurry ka itughari etisasịwo nnu site na mmiri ọkụ wee site centrifugal nkewa nke mmiri mmiri na siri ike nkewa wepụ nnu.
(3) na nrụgide nzacha, ya site na njedebe nke mmeghachi omume nke crude ihe n'ime slurry na mmiri ọkụ, ya n'ime nrụgide nyo, nke mbụ na uzuoku ka ịfụ mmiri na mmiri ọkụ ịgba N ugboro na mgbe ahụ na uzuoku ịfụ. mmiri iji kewaa ma wepụ nnu.
Hot mmiri ịsacha wepụ etisasịwo salts, n'ihi na mkpa isonyere na mmiri ọkụ, na-asa, ndị ọzọ na ala nke uyi ọdịnaya, na Anglịkan, otú ya uyi na-metụtara kpọmkwem ole ego nke mmiri ọkụ, izugbe ulo oru. ngwaahịa ma ọ bụrụ na njikwa ntụ n'okpuru 1% na-eji mmiri ọkụ 10 tọn, ma ọ bụrụ na njikwa n'okpuru 5% ga-achọ ihe dị ka tọn 6 nke mmiri ọkụ.
Cellulose ether waste water chemical oxygen demand (COD) dị elu dị ka 60 000 mg / L, nnu ọdịnaya bụkwa karịa 30 000 mg / L, otú ọgwụgwọ nke nsị dị otú ahụ kwesịrị ịdị oke ọnụ ahịa, n'ihi na ndị dị otú ahụ nnu dị elu kpọmkwem kpọmkwem. biochemistry siri ike, dị ka nke ugbu a mba gburugburu gburugburu ebe obibi chọrọ ọgwụgwọ adịghị ekwe ka itughari, The isi ngwọta bụ iwepu nnu site distillation. Ya mere, otu tọn ọzọ nke ịsacha mmiri na-esi esi ga-emepụta otu tọn ọzọ nke nsị. Dị ka nkà na ụzụ MUR dị ugbu a na-arụ ọrụ ike dị elu, evaporation na mwepụ nnu, ọnụ ahịa zuru oke nke ọgwụgwọ ọ bụla nke 1 ton nke ịsacha mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ bụ ihe dị ka yuan 80, ọnụ ahịa bụ isi bụ ike oriri.
4. Mmetụta nke ọdịnaya ash na njide mmiri nke hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC
HPMC na-arụkarị ọrụ atọ nke njide mmiri, ịgbatị na irube isi n'ihe owuwu ụlọ.
Njide mmiri: mụbaa oge mmeghe nke ihe eji ejide mmiri, ma nyere aka n'ụzọ zuru ezu hydration ya.
Ọkpụkpụ: cellulose nwere ike ịgbatị ka nkwusioru, nke mere na ihe ngwọta ahụ na-anọgide na-edobe elu na ala ọrụ nke mgbochi-asọpụta.
Mwube: cellulose nwere mmetụta lubrication, nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma. HPMC adịghị etinye aka na mmeghachi omume kemịkal na-ewere ọnọdụ, mana ọ na-arụ naanị ọrụ nkwado. Ihe kachasị mkpa bụ njigide mmiri, nke na-emetụta homogeneity nke ngwa agha, wee na-emetụta ihe eji arụ ọrụ na ịdịte aka nke ngwa agha siri ike. A na-ekewa ngwa ngwa n'ime ngwa agha masonry na plasta bụ akụkụ abụọ dị mkpa nke ngwa ngwa ngwa, ngwa dị mkpa nke ngwa ngwa masonry na plasta bụ ihe owuwu masonry. Dị ka ngọngọ na ngwa na usoro nke ngwaahịa dị na ala akọrọ, iji belata akọrọ ngọngọ nke mmiri siri ike absorption nke ngwa agha, ewu adopts ngọngọ tupu prewetting, igbochi ụfọdụ mmiri ọdịnaya, na-mmiri na ngwa agha. iji gbochie ihe karịrị mmịnye, nwere ike ịnọgide na-enwe hydration nkịtị n'ime gelling ihe dị ka ngwa ngwa ciment. Otú ọ dị, ihe ndị dị ka ihe dị iche iche nke blocks na ogo nke tupu wetting na saịtị ga-emetụta mmiri na-efunahụ ọnụego na mmiri mfu nke ngwa agha, nke ga-eweta nsogbu zoro ezo n'ozuzu àgwà nke masonry Ọdịdị. Ngwa ngwa na njigide mmiri dị mma nwere ike iwepụ mmetụta nke ihe mgbochi na ihe ndị mmadụ na-eme ma hụ na oke homogeneity nke ngwa agha.
Mmetụta nke njide mmiri na ihe na-esi ike nke ngwa agha na-apụtakarị na mmetụta dị na mpaghara interface dị n'etiti ngwa agha na ngọngọ. Dị ka ngwa agha na-ejigide mmiri na-adịghị mma na-efunahụ mmiri ngwa ngwa, ọdịnaya mmiri nke ngwa ngwa na mpaghara interface doro anya ezughị oke, na ciment enweghị ike ịmịcha ya nke ọma, nke na-emetụta mmepe nkịtị nke ike. Ike njikọta nke ihe ndị sitere na ciment na-adabere na nkwụchi nke ngwaahịa hydration ciment. Enweghị hydration nke ciment ezughị ezu na mpaghara interface na-ebelata ike njikọ nke interface ahụ, na ihe omume nke cavitation ngwa agha na cracking na-abawanye.
Ya mere, ị na-ahọrọ ndị kasị emetụta mmiri njide chọrọ ụlọ K ika atọ batches nke dị iche iche viscosity, site na ụzọ dị iche iche nke ịsa na-egosi otu ogbe ọnụ ọgụgụ abụọ na-atụ anya uyi ọdịnaya, na mgbe ahụ dị ka ugbu a nkịtị mmiri njide ule usoro ( iyo akwụkwọ usoro. ) n'otu batch nọmba dị iche iche ash ọdịnaya nke mmiri njigide nke atọ otu samples kpọmkwem dị ka ndị a:
4.1 Usoro nnwale maka ịnwale ọnụego njide mmiri (Usoro akwụkwọ nzacha)
4.1.1 Ngwa ngwa na akụrụngwa
Ngwakọta ciment, nha cylinder, itule, elekere elekere, akpa igwe anaghị agba nchara, ngaji, igwe anaghị agba nchara (dayameta dị n'ime φ 100 mm × elu dayameta φ 110 mm × elu 25 mm, akwụkwọ nzacha ngwa ngwa, akwụkwọ nzacha ngwa ngwa, efere iko.
4.1.2 Akụrụngwa na reagents
Simenti Portland nkịtị (425#), ájá ọkọlọtọ (site na mmiri dị ọcha na-enweghị ájá ájá), ihe atụ ngwaahịa (HPMC), mmiri dị ọcha maka nnwale (mmiri mgbata, mmiri ịnweta).
4.1.3 Ọnọdụ nyocha nnwale
Ụlọ nyocha okpomọkụ: 23± 2 ℃; Iru mmiri dị ala: ≥ 50%; Mmiri mmiri ụlọ nyocha bụ 23 ℃ dị ka ụlọ okpomọkụ.
4.1.4 Usoro nnwale
Tinye efere iko ahụ n'elu ikpo okwu na-arụ ọrụ, tinye akwụkwọ ntanye ngwa ngwa (arọ: M1) na ya, wee tinye akwụkwọ nzacha ngwa ngwa n'ime akwụkwọ nzacha ngwa ngwa, wee tinye mgbanaka ígwè ahụ na mpempe akwụkwọ ngwa ngwa (mgbanaka ahụ). ebu agaghị agafe akwụkwọ nzacha ngwa ngwa okirikiri).
Ntụnye nke ọma (425 #) ciment 90 g; ájá ọkọlọtọ 210 g; Ngwaahịa (ihe atụ) 0.125g; Wunye n'ime akpa igwe anaghị agba nchara, gwakọta nke ọma (ngwakọta akọrọ) ma wepụ ya.
Jiri igwekota ciment tapawa (ịgwakọta ite na agụba dị ọcha ma kpọọ nkụ, nnwale nke ọ bụla ka emechara nke ọma, kpọọ nkụ otu ugboro, edobere ya). Jiri cylinder ihe atụ tụọ 72 ml mmiri dị ọcha (23 ℃), buru ụzọ wụsa n'ime ite na-akpali akpali, wee wụsa ihe ndị a kwadebere, wee gbanye maka 30 s; N'otu oge ahụ, welie ite ahụ gaa n'ebe a na-agwakọta, malite mixer, ma mee ka ọ dị obere ọsọ (na-emegharị nwayọọ nwayọọ) maka 60 s; Kwụsị 15 s hichaa ihe slurry na mgbidi ite na agụba n'ime ite; Gaa n'ihu na-akpalite ngwa ngwa maka nkeji 120 ka ọ kwụsị. Wunye ngwa ngwa niile agwakọtara n'ime mgbanaka igwe anaghị agba nchara ngwa ngwa, na oge site na ngwa ngwa ahụ na-akpọtụrụ akwụkwọ nzacha ngwa ngwa (pịa elekere elekere). 2 min ka emechara, tụgharịa mgbanaka mgbanaka wee wepụta akwụkwọ nzacha na-adịghị ala ala iji tụọ (ibu: M2). Mee nnwale efu dị ka usoro a dị n'elu si dị (ịdị arọ nke akwụkwọ nzacha na-adịghị ala ala tupu ị tụọ ya bụ M3, M4)
Usoro mgbako bụ nke a:
Ebe, M1 - arọ nke na-adịghị ala ala iyo akwụkwọ tupu sample nnwale; M2 - arọ nke akwụkwọ nzacha na-adịghị ala ala mgbe nnwale sample; M3 - arọ nke akwụkwọ nzacha na-adịghị ala ala tupu nnwale efu; M4 - Ibu nke akwụkwọ nzacha na-adịghị ala ala mgbe nnwale efu gasịrị.
4.1.5 Akpachara anya
(1) Okpomọkụ mmiri dị ọcha ga-abụ 23 ℃, nha ga-abụ nke ziri ezi;
(2) Mgbe agwakọtachara, wepụ ite ahụ wee kpalite nke ọma na ngaji.
(3) akpụ ahụ kwesịrị ịdị ngwa ngwa, na akụkụ akụkụ nke ngwa ngwa a tụrụ atụ nke dị larịị nke siri ike;
(4) Jide n'aka na ị ga-etinye oge ngwa ngwa n'oge a na-akpọtụrụ akwụkwọ nzacha ngwa ngwa, awụsala ngwa agha ahụ na mpempe akwụkwọ nzacha dị n'èzí.
4.2 ihe atụ
Mmetụta nke njide mmiri na-esite na viscosity, na viscosity dị elu ga-adị njọ karịa njigide mmiri dị elu. Mgbanwe nke ọdịnaya ash na nso nke 1% ~ 5% fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ghara imetụta ọnụego njigide mmiri ya, n'ihi ya, ọ gaghị emetụta iji ọrụ njigide mmiri ya.
5.Mkpebi
Iji mee ka ọkọlọtọ ahụ bụrụ nke dabara na eziokwu ma kwekọọ n'ụzọ na-esiwanye ike nke nchekwa ike na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi, a na-atụ aro na:
The ulo oru ọkọlọtọ nke hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC kewara n'ime akara ule na ash akara, dị ka: larịị 1 akara uyi <0.010, larịị 2 akara uyi <0.050. N'ụzọ dị otú a, ndị na-emepụta nwere ike ịhọrọ onwe ha na ndị ọrụ nwere ike ịnwe nhọrọ ndị ọzọ. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, enwere ike ịtọ ọnụ ahịa dabere na ụkpụrụ nke ịdị mma dị elu na ọnụahịa asọmpi, ka ọ ghara igbochi ihe omume nke mgbagwoju anya anya azụ na mgbagwoju anya n'ahịa. Ihe kachasị mkpa bụ nchekwa ike na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi, nke mere na mmepụta nke ngwaahịa na gburugburu ebe obibi na-enwekwu enyi na enyi.
Oge nzipu: Jan-14-2022