Ntuj cellulose yog ib tug complex polymer uas yog lub hauv paus structural tivthaiv ntawm cov nroj tsuag cell phab ntsa. Cov polysaccharide no ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev muab lub zog, nruj thiab kev txhawb nqa rau cov nroj tsuag cog, pab txhawb rau tag nrho cov qauv ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg.
Natural cellulose yog polysaccharide, carbohydrate uas tsim los ntawm cov hlua ntev ntawm cov piam thaj txuas ua ke los ntawm β-1,4-glycosidic bonds. Nws yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau cov organic tebchaw nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb thiab pom feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub cell phab ntsa ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb ntawm cellulose molecules muab cov ntaub so ntswg uas muaj zog thiab ua haujlwm ntev, ua rau nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv cog thiab kev ua haujlwm.
Cov qauv ntawm natural cellulose
Lub hauv paus txheej txheem ntawm cellulose yog ib tug linear saw ntawm β-D-glucose molecules, nyob rau hauv uas txhua lub qab zib chav tsev yog txuas mus rau lub tom ntej qab zib unit los ntawm ib tug β-1,4-glycosidic daim ntawv cog lus. β-bonds muab cellulose nws tus kheej linear thiab unbranched qauv. Tsis zoo li cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab (lwm cov polysaccharide ua los ntawm cov piam thaj), cellulose tsis tuaj yeem zom tau los ntawm cov kab mob feem ntau vim muaj cov beta-linkages, uas enzymes xws li amylase tsis tuaj yeem tawg.
Rov ua dua cov piam thaj hauv cov cellulose chains tsim cov hlua ncaj ncaj uas tau tuav ua ke los ntawm cov ntawv cog lus hydrogen intermolecular. Cov ntawv cog lus no pab tsim cov microfibrils, uas txuas ntxiv ua cov qauv loj dua hu ua cellulose fibers. Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov fibers no muab lub zog thiab rigidity rau cog cell phab ntsa.
Qhov chaw ntawm natural fiber
cog:
Ntoo: Ntoo yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cellulose thiab yog ib qhov chaw loj rau kev lag luam siv.
Paj Rwb: Paj rwb fiber ntau yog yuav luag ntshiab cellulose, ua paj rwb yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv polymer no.
Hemp: Zoo ib yam li paj rwb, hemp fiber ntau yog tsim los ntawm cellulose.
Algae:
Qee hom algae muaj cellulose hauv lawv cov phab ntsa ntawm tes, uas ua rau muaj kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov kab mob photosynthetic.
kab mob:
Qee cov kab mob tsim cellulose, tsim cov txheej tiv thaiv hu ua biofilm. Cov kab mob cellulose no muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb uas ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig hauv ntau yam kev siv.
Biosynthesis ntawm cellulose
Cellulose biosynthesis feem ntau tshwm sim hauv plasma membrane ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Cov txheej txheem koom nrog cov enzyme complex cellulose synthase, uas catalyzes lub polymerization ntawm qabzib units rau hauv cellulose chains. Cov chains no yog extruded tawm ntawm plasma membrane thiab tsim microfibrils nyob rau hauv lub cell phab ntsa.
Cov khoom ntawm natural cellulose
Insolubility:
Vim nws cov qauv crystalline heev, cellulose feem ntau insoluble hauv dej thiab feem ntau cov kuab tshuaj organic.
Hydrophilicity:
Txawm hais tias insoluble, cellulose muaj hydrophilic zog, cia nws nqus thiab khaws dej.
Biodegradability:
Cellulose yog biodegradable thiab yog li ntawd ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg. Cov kab mob xws li cov kab mob thiab cov fungi muaj cov enzymes uas zom cellulose rau hauv cov tebchaw yooj yim.
Mechanical zog:
Qhov tshwj xeeb kev npaj ntawm cellulose molecules muab cellulose fibers zoo heev mechanical zog, ua rau lawv haum rau ntau yam kev siv.
Kev siv ntawm natural cellulose
textile:
Paj rwb yog tsim los ntawm cellulose thiab yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam textile.
Ntawv thiab pulp:
Ntoo pulp yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cellulose thiab yog siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov ntawv thiab cardboard.
Kev siv biomedical:
Cov kab mob cellulose pom cov ntawv thov hauv kev hnav khaub ncaws, cov ntaub so ntswg engineering, thiab kev xa tshuaj vim nws cov biocompatibility thiab cov khoom tshwj xeeb.
kev lag luam zaub mov:
Cellulose derivatives, xws li carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), yog siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus ua thickeners thiab stabilizers.
Biofuels:
Cellulosic biomass tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom noj rau kev tsim cov biofuels, pab txhawb lub zog ruaj khov.
Kev sib tw thiab kev cia siab yav tom ntej
Txawm hais tias nws muaj ntau yam, muaj kev sib tw hauv kev siv cov cellulose ntau tshaj. Txoj kev rho tawm tau zoo, txhim kho biodegradability thiab txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cellulose yog thaj chaw ntawm kev tshawb fawb tsis tu ncua. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev nce qib hauv biotechnology tuaj yeem ua rau kev tsim vaj tsev ntawm cov nroj tsuag nrog kev hloov kho cellulose cov qauv rau kev siv tshwj xeeb.
Ntuj cellulose yog ib tug polymer synonymous nrog cog cell phab ntsa thiab plays lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb hauv shaping lub cev lub cev ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Nws cov qauv tshwj xeeb tshwm sim los ntawm kev teeb tsa ntawm cov piam thaj sib txuas los ntawm β-1,4-glycosidic bonds, muab cov ntaub so ntswg tseem ceeb thiab rigidity. Cellulose los ntawm ntau qhov chaw, los ntawm ntoo mus rau paj rwb mus rau cov kab mob cellulose, muab nws ntau yam kev siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev lag luam sectors.
Raws li thev naus laus zis thiab biotechnology txuas ntxiv mus, kev tshawb fawb ntawm cellulose lub peev xwm nthuav dav. Los ntawm kev siv ib txwm siv hauv textiles thiab ntawv mus rau kev siv tshiab hauv biomedical engineering thiab lub zog ruaj khov, cellulose ntuj tseem yog cov khoom tseem ceeb heev. Kev nkag siab txog nws cov qauv, cov khoom thiab keeb kwm yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev qhib lub peev xwm ntawm cov polymer zoo kawg nkaus no los daws cov teeb meem thiab kev xav tau ntawm lub ntiaj teb hloov zuj zus mus sai.
Post lub sij hawm: Dec-26-2023