Tio2 yog dab tsi?

TiO2, feem ntau abbreviated los ntawmTitanium dioxide, yog ntau yam compound nrog ntau yam kev siv thoob plaws ntau yam kev lag luam. Cov khoom no, tsim los ntawm titanium thiab oxygen atoms, tuav qhov tseem ceeb vim nws cov khoom tshwj xeeb thiab ntau hom kev siv. Hauv qhov kev tshawb nrhiav dav dav no, peb yuav delve rau hauv cov qauv, cov khoom, cov qauv tsim, kev siv, kev xav txog ib puag ncig, thiab kev cia siab rau yav tom ntej ntawm titanium dioxide.

$Khoom noj khoom haus-Qib Titanium Dioxide: Khoom, Daim Ntawv Thov, thiab Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb Taw Qhia: Titanium dioxide (TiO2) yog ib qho ntxhia tshwm sim uas tau siv dav los ua cov xim dawb hauv ntau daim ntawv thov kev lag luam rau nws qhov zoo tshaj plaws opacity thiab brightness. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, titanium dioxide kuj tau pom nws txoj hauv kev rau hauv kev lag luam zaub mov raws li cov khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv, hu ua zaub mov qib titanium dioxide. Hauv tsab ntawv no, peb yuav tshawb xyuas cov khoom, kev siv, kev xav txog kev nyab xeeb, thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm cov zaub mov qib titanium dioxide. Cov Khoom Siv Khoom Noj Qib Titanium Dioxide: Khoom noj khoom haus qib titanium dioxide qhia ntau yam khoom nrog nws cov khoom lag luam, tab sis nrog kev txiav txim siab tshwj xeeb rau kev nyab xeeb khoom noj. Nws feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug nplua, dawb hmoov thiab paub rau nws siab refractive index, uas muab nws zoo heev opacity thiab brightness. Qhov loj me me ntawm cov khoom noj-qib titanium dioxide tau ua tib zoo tswj kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev sib cais tsis sib xws thiab cuam tshuam tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm kev ntxhib los mos lossis saj hauv cov khoom noj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov zaub mov-qib titanium dioxide feem ntau raug rau cov txheej txheem huv huv kom tshem tawm cov impurities thiab cov kab mob, kom ntseeg tau tias nws tsim nyog rau kev siv hauv cov ntawv thov zaub mov. Txoj kev tsim khoom: Khoom noj khoom haus qib titanium dioxide tuaj yeem tsim siv ob qho tib si ntuj thiab hluavtaws. Ntuj titanium dioxide yog tau los ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av, xws li rutile thiab ilmenite, los ntawm cov txheej txheem xws li extraction thiab purification. Synthetic titanium dioxide, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj, feem ntau koom nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm titanium tetrachloride nrog oxygen lossis sulfur dioxide ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Tsis hais txog ntawm txoj kev tsim khoom, kev ntsuas kev tswj xyuas zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej tias cov zaub mov qib titanium dioxide ua tau raws li cov qauv nruj purity thiab kev nyab xeeb. Daim ntawv thov hauv Kev Lag Luam Khoom Noj: Khoom noj khoom haus qib titanium dioxide ua haujlwm feem ntau ua tus neeg sawv cev dawb thiab opacifier hauv ntau yam khoom noj. Nws yog feem ntau siv hauv cov khoom qab zib, khoom noj siv mis, khoom ci, thiab lwm yam khoom noj los txhim kho qhov pom kev pom thiab kev ntxhib los mos ntawm cov khoom noj. Piv txwv li, titanium dioxide yog ntxiv rau cov khoom qab zib txheej kom ua tiav cov xim zoo nkauj thiab cov khoom siv mis nyuj xws li yogurt thiab ice cream los txhim kho lawv cov opacity thiab creaminess. Hauv cov khoom ci, titanium dioxide pab tsim lub ci ci, zoo li cov khoom zoo li frosting thiab ncuav mog qab zib sib tov. Txoj Cai Tswjfwm Ntiag Tug thiab Kev Saib Xyuas Kev Nyab Xeeb: Kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov zaub mov-qib titanium dioxide yog ib qho kev sib cav tsis tu ncua thiab kev tshuaj xyuas kev tswj xyuas. Cov koom haum tswj hwm thoob ntiaj teb, suav nrog Food and Drug Administration (FDA) hauv Tebchaws Meskas thiab European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) hauv Tebchaws Europe, tau soj ntsuam kev nyab xeeb ntawm titanium dioxide raws li cov khoom noj ntxiv. Thaum titanium dioxide feem ntau lees paub tias muaj kev nyab xeeb (GRAS) thaum siv nyob rau hauv cov kev txwv tshwj xeeb, kev txhawj xeeb tau tshwm sim txog qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam txog kev noj qab haus huv cuam tshuam nrog nws kev noj, tshwj xeeb hauv daim ntawv nanoparticle. Muaj Peev Xwm Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv: Cov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias titanium dioxide nanoparticles, uas yog me dua 100 nanometers loj, tuaj yeem muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau hauv cov kab mob lom thiab sib sau ua ke hauv cov ntaub so ntswg, ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog lawv txoj kev nyab xeeb. Cov kev tshawb fawb tsiaj tau pom tias kev siv tshuaj ntau ntawm titanium dioxide nanoparticles tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau lub siab, ob lub raum, thiab lwm yam kabmob. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj pov thawj los qhia tias titanium dioxide nanoparticles tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab oxidative thiab o hauv hlwb, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob ntev. Cov tswv yim txo qis thiab lwm txoj hauv kev: Txhawm rau daws cov kev txhawj xeeb txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov zaub mov-qib titanium dioxide, kev siv zog tab tom tsim los tsim cov tshuaj ntxuav hniav dawb thiab cov tshuaj opacifiers uas tuaj yeem ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws yam tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo rau kev noj qab haus huv. Qee cov tuam txhab lag luam tab tom tshawb nrhiav lwm txoj hauv kev, xws li calcium carbonate thiab nplej hmoov txhuv nplej siab, hloov cov titanium dioxide hauv qee cov khoom noj. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev nce qib hauv nanotechnology thiab particle engineering tuaj yeem muab sijhawm los txo cov kev pheej hmoo cuam tshuam nrog titanium dioxide nanoparticles los ntawm kev txhim kho particle tsim thiab kev hloov kho saum npoo. Consumer Awareness and Labeling: Transparent labeling and consumer education yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev qhia rau cov neeg siv khoom txog qhov muaj cov khoom noj ntxiv xws li titanium dioxide hauv cov khoom noj. Cov ntawv sau meej thiab meej tuaj yeem pab cov neeg siv khoom paub xaiv thiab zam cov khoom uas muaj cov khoom ntxiv uas lawv yuav muaj kev nkag siab lossis kev txhawj xeeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev paub ntau ntxiv ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv thiab lawv qhov cuam tshuam txog kev noj qab haus huv tuaj yeem pab txhawb cov neeg siv khoom los tawm tswv yim kom muaj kev nyab xeeb dua thiab pob tshab cov khoom noj khoom haus. Yav tom ntej Outlook thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb Cov Lus Qhia: Lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm cov zaub mov-qib titanium dioxide hinges ntawm kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv kom nkag siab zoo dua nws cov ntaub ntawv kev nyab xeeb thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv. Kev nce qib ntxiv hauv nanotoxicology, kev ntsuam xyuas raug, thiab kev ntsuas kev pheej hmoo yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev qhia txog kev txiav txim siab txog kev tswj hwm thiab ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev siv titanium dioxide hauv kev siv zaub mov. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb rau lwm cov tshuaj ntxuav hniav dawb thiab opacifiers tuav cov lus cog tseg rau kev daws cov kev txhawj xeeb ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab tsav kev tsim kho tshiab hauv kev lag luam khoom noj. Xaus: Khoom noj khoom haus-qib titanium dioxide plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus ua tus neeg sawv cev dawb thiab opacifier, txhim kho qhov pom kev pom thiab kev ntxhib los mos ntawm ntau yam khoom noj khoom haus. Txawm li cas los xij, kev txhawj xeeb txog nws txoj kev nyab xeeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv nanoparticle, tau ua rau muaj kev soj ntsuam xyuas thiab kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv mus. Raws li peb txuas ntxiv tshawb fawb txog kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov zaub mov-qib titanium dioxide, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, pob tshab, thiab kev tsim kho tshiab hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus.$

Structure thiab Composition

Titanium dioxide muaj cov qauv tshuaj yooj yim: TiO2. Nws cov qauv molecular muaj ib lub titanium atom sib txuas nrog ob lub pa oxygen atoms, ua kom ruaj khov crystalline lattice. Cov tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv ob peb polymorphs, nrog rau feem ntau cov ntaub ntawv yog rutile, anatase, thiab brookite. Cov polymorphs no nthuav tawm cov qauv siv lead ua sib txawv, ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv lawv cov khoom thiab kev siv.

Rutile yog feem ntau thermodynamically ruaj khov daim ntawv ntawm titanium dioxide thiab yog yus muaj los ntawm nws siab refractive index thiab opacity. Anatase, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog metastable tab sis muaj cov haujlwm photocatalytic ntau dua piv rau rutile. Brookite, txawm tias tsis tshua muaj, sib piv nrog ob qho tib si rutile thiab anatase.

Cov khoom

Titanium dioxide boasts ib tug plethora ntawm zoo kawg li lub zog uas ua rau nws indispensable nyob rau hauv ntau industries:

Whiteness: Titanium dioxide muaj npe nrov rau nws qhov tshwj xeeb dawb, uas yog los ntawm nws qhov siab refractive index. Cov cuab yeej no ua rau nws ua kom pom lub teeb pom kev zoo, ua rau lub teeb ci dawb.
Opacity: Nws opacity tshwm sim los ntawm nws lub peev xwm nqus thiab tawg lub teeb zoo. Cov cuab yeej no ua rau nws xaiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev faib cov opacity thiab npog hauv cov xim, txheej, thiab cov yas.
UV Absorption: Titanium dioxide nthuav tawm cov khoom tiv thaiv UV zoo, ua rau nws yog cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv cov tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub thiab cov txheej txheem UV-resistant. Nws zoo absorbs teeb meem UV hluav taws xob, tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab los ntawm degradation thiab UV-induced puas.
Chemical Stability: TiO2 yog chemically inert thiab resistant rau feem ntau chemicals, acids, thiab alkalis. Qhov kev ruaj ntseg no ua kom nws lub neej ntev thiab kav ntev hauv ntau yam kev siv.
Photocatalytic Activity: Qee cov ntaub ntawv ntawm titanium dioxide, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog anatase, ua kom pom kev ua haujlwm photocatalytic thaum raug ultraviolet (UV) lub teeb. Cov cuab yeej no yog siv rau hauv kev kho ib puag ncig, kev ua kom huv dej, thiab kev ntxuav tus kheej.

Txoj kev tsim khoom

Kev tsim cov titanium dioxide feem ntau muaj ob txoj hauv kev: cov txheej txheem sulfate thiab cov txheej txheem chloride.

Cov txheej txheem Sulfate: Txoj kev no suav nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm titanium-muaj ore, xws li ilmenite lossis rutile, rau hauv titanium dioxide pigment. Cov ore yog thawj zaug kho nrog sulfuric acid los tsim cov titanium sulfate tov, uas yog tom qab ntawd hydrolyzed los ua ib tug hydrated titanium dioxide precipitate. Tom qab calcination, lub precipitate yog hloov mus rau hauv cov xim kawg.
Cov txheej txheem chloride: Hauv cov txheej txheem no, titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) yog reacted nrog oxygen los yog dej vapor ntawm qhov kub thiab txias los tsim cov titanium dioxide. Cov xim uas tshwm sim feem ntau yog purer thiab muaj cov khoom kho qhov muag zoo dua piv rau cov txheej txheem sulfate-derived titanium dioxide.

Daim ntawv thov

Titanium dioxide pom ntau daim ntawv thov thoob plaws ntau hom kev lag luam, vim nws muaj ntau yam khoom:

Xim thiab Txheej: Titanium dioxide yog cov xim dawb siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv cov xim, txheej, thiab cov vaj tsev ua tiav vim nws qhov opacity, ci ntsa iab, thiab kav ntev.
Plastics: Nws tau muab tso rau hauv ntau yam khoom yas, suav nrog PVC, polyethylene, thiab polypropylene, txhawm rau txhim kho opacity, UV tsis kam, thiab dawb.
Tshuaj pleev ib ce: TiO2 yog cov khoom muaj nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce, cov khoom tu tawv nqaij, thiab cov tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub vim nws cov khoom tiv thaiv UV thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom.
Khoom noj khoom haus thiab Pharmaceuticals: Nws ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug dawb pigment thiab opacifier nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus, tshuaj ntsiav tshuaj, thiab tshuaj ntsiav. Khoom noj khoom haus-qib titanium dioxide tau pom zoo siv nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws, txawm hais tias muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog nws txoj kev nyab xeeb thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev noj qab haus huv.
Photocatalysis: Qee hom titanium dioxide yog siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov photocatalytic, xws li huab cua thiab dej purification, ntxuav tus kheej qhov chaw, thiab cov pa phem degradation.
Ceramics: Nws yog ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov ceramic glazes, vuas, thiab porcelain los txhim kho opacity thiab whiteness.

Environmental Considerations

Thaum titanium dioxide muaj ntau yam txiaj ntsig, nws cov khoom tsim thiab siv ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog ib puag ncig:

Kev siv hluav taws xob: Kev tsim cov titanium dioxide feem ntau xav tau qhov kub thiab txias thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tseem ceeb, ua rau lub tsev cog khoom emissions thiab cuam tshuam ib puag ncig.
Kev Tsim Nyog: Ob qho tib si sulfate thiab chloride cov txheej txheem tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov kwj deg, uas yuav muaj cov impurities thiab yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg los yog kho kom zoo los tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.
Nanoparticles: Nanoscale titanium dioxide hais, feem ntau siv hauv tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce, ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog lawv qhov muaj peev xwm toxicity thiab ib puag ncig persistence. Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias cov nanoparticles no yuav ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo rau cov dej ecosystems thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv yog tias tso rau hauv ib puag ncig.
Kev Saib Xyuas Kev Tswj Xyuas: Cov koom haum tswj hwm thoob ntiaj teb, xws li US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) thiab European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), ua tib zoo saib xyuas kev tsim khoom, siv, thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm titanium dioxide kom txo tau cov kev pheej hmoo thiab xyuas kom ua raws li cov cai ntawm ib puag ncig thiab kev noj qab haus huv. .

Yav tom ntej Prospects

Raws li lub zej zog tseem ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ruaj khov thiab kev tswj hwm ib puag ncig, yav tom ntej ntawm titanium dioxide hinges ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab thiab kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis:

Green Manufacturing Processes: Kev tshawb fawb tsom mus rau kev tsim cov txheej txheem tsim khoom kom ruaj khov thiab siv zog ntau dua rau titanium dioxide, xws li cov txheej txheem photocatalytic thiab electrochemical.
Nanostructured Materials: Kev nce qib hauv nanotechnology pab tsim thiab tsim cov khoom siv nanostructured titanium dioxide nrog cov khoom zoo rau kev siv hauv kev khaws cia, catalysis, thiab biomedical engineering.
Biodegradable Alternatives: Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm biodegradable thiab eco-friendly lwm txoj kev rau cov pa titanium dioxide pigments tab tom ua, aiming los txo cov kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig thiab hais txog kev txhawj xeeb ib puag ncig nanoparticle toxicity.
Circular Economy Initiatives: Kev siv cov qauv kev lag luam ncig, suav nrog kev rov ua dua tshiab thiab pov tseg cov khoom pov tseg, tuaj yeem txo cov peev txheej depletion thiab txo qis ib puag ncig hneev taw ntawm titanium dioxide ntau lawm thiab siv.
Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Ua Raws Cai thiab Kev Nyab Xeeb: Kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv mus rau ib puag ncig thiab kev noj qab haus huv los ntawm titanium dioxide nanoparticles, ua ke nrog kev saib xyuas zoo, yog qhov tseem ceeb los xyuas kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab muaj lub luag haujlwm siv thoob plaws ntau yam kev lag luam.

Hauv kev xaus, titanium dioxide sawv ua ntau qhov sib xyaw nrog ntau yam kev siv thiab cuam tshuam. Nws cov khoom tshwj xeeb, ua ke nrog kev tshawb fawb tsis tu ncua thiab kev tsim kho tshiab, cog lus tias yuav tsim nws lub luag haujlwm hauv ntau hom kev lag luam thaum hais txog kev txhawj xeeb ntawm ib puag ncig thiab txhawb nqa kev coj ua zoo rau yav tom ntej.

Post lub sij hawm: Mar-02-2024