Dab tsi yog hydrocolloid ua los ntawm?

Hydrocolloids feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov saw ntev molecules uas muaj ib feem ntawm hydrophilic (dej-tsim) thiab tej zaum kuj muaj hydrophobic (dej-repelling) cheeb tsam. Cov molecules no tuaj yeem muab tau los ntawm ntau yam ntuj tsim los yog hluavtaws thiab muaj peev xwm tsim cov gels los yog cov kua nplaum tawg thaum dispersed hauv dej los yog aqueous daws.

Nov yog qee yam hom hydrocolloids thiab lawv qhov chaw:

1. Polysaccharides:
   • Agar: Muab tau los ntawm seaweed, agar muaj feem ntau ntawm agarose thiab agaropectin, uas yog polysaccharides tsim los ntawm rov qab units ntawm galactose thiab hloov galactose qab zib.
   • Alginate: Tau los ntawm cov xim av algae, alginate yog polysaccharide tsim los ntawm mannuronic acid thiab guluronic acid units, teem nyob rau hauv alternating sequences.
   • Pectin: Pom nyob rau hauv lub cell phab ntsa ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, pectin yog ib tug complex polysaccharide muaj li ntawm galacturonic acid units nrog txawv degrees ntawm methylation.
2. Cov protein:
   • Gelatin: Muab los ntawm collagen, gelatin yog proteinaceous hydrocolloid tsim los ntawm cov amino acids, feem ntau glycine, proline, thiab hydroxyproline.
   • Casein: Pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov mis nyuj, casein yog ib pawg ntawm phosphoproteins uas tsim hydrocolloids nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm calcium ions nyob rau hauv acidic tej yam kev mob.
3. Synthetic Polymers:
   • Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC): Ib nrab-synthetic polymer muab los ntawm cellulose, HPMC yog tshuaj hloov kho los qhia hydroxypropyl thiab methyl pawg mus rau cellulose qaum.
   • Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC): Kuj muab tau los ntawm cellulose, CMC nkag mus rau carboxymethylation los qhia carboxymethyl pawg mus rau cov qauv cellulose.

Cov hydrocolloids no muaj cov qauv tshuaj tshwj xeeb thiab cov pab pawg ua haujlwm uas ua rau lawv cuam tshuam nrog dej molecules los ntawm hydrogen bonding, electrostatic kev sib cuam tshuam, thiab hydration rog. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, lawv nthuav tawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb rheological, xws li viscosity, gelation, thiab kev ua yeeb yaj kiab, uas ua rau lawv muaj txiaj ntsig cov khoom xyaw hauv ntau daim ntawv thov, suav nrog zaub mov, tshuaj, tshuaj pleev ib ce, thiab textiles.