Cov dej-soluble cellulose ether derivatives

Cov txheej txheem crosslinking, txoj hauv kev thiab cov khoom ntawm ntau hom crosslinking agents thiab dej-soluble cellulose ether tau qhia. Los ntawm kev hloov kho crosslinking, viscosity, rheological zog, solubility thiab mechanical zog ntawm dej-soluble cellulose ether tuaj yeem txhim kho tau zoo, txhawm rau txhim kho nws daim ntawv thov kev ua haujlwm. Raws li cov qauv tshuaj thiab cov khoom ntawm cov sib txawv crosslinkers, hom cellulose ether crosslinking hloov pauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau sau tseg, thiab cov lus qhia kev txhim kho ntawm cov crosslinkers sib txawv hauv ntau daim ntawv thov teb ntawm cellulose ether tau sau tseg. Nyob rau hauv kev pom ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov dej-soluble cellulose ether hloov kho los ntawm crosslinking thiab ob peb txoj kev tshawb fawb hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws, yav tom ntej crosslinking hloov pauv ntawm cellulose ether muaj kev cia siab rau kev loj hlob. Qhov no yog rau kev siv ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb cuam tshuam thiab cov tuam txhab tsim khoom.
Ntsiab lus: crosslinking hloov kho; Cellulose ether; Cov qauv tshuaj; Solubility; Kev ua haujlwm zoo

Cellulose ether vim nws cov kev ua tau zoo heev, ua tus neeg sawv cev thickening, dej tuav tus neeg saib xyuas, nplaum, khi thiab dispersant, kev tiv thaiv colloid, stabilizer, tshem tawm tus neeg sawv cev, emulsifier thiab zaj duab xis tsim tus neeg sawv cev, dav siv hauv txheej, kev tsim kho, roj av, tshuaj txhua hnub, zaub mov thiab tshuaj thiab lwm yam kev lag luam. Cellulose ether feem ntau suav nrog methyl cellulose,hydroxyethyl cellulose,carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose thiab lwm yam sib xyaw ether. Cellulose ether yog ua los ntawm paj rwb fiber ntau los yog ntoo fiber ntau los ntawm alkalization, etherification, ntxuav centrifugation, ziab, sib tsoo txheej txheem npaj, kev siv cov etherification agents feem ntau siv halogenated alkane los yog epoxy alkane.
Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov txheej txheem ntawm dej-soluble cellulose ether, qhov tshwm sim yuav ntsib ib puag ncig tshwj xeeb, xws li kub thiab qis, acid-base ib puag ncig, complex ionic ib puag ncig, cov cheeb tsam no yuav ua rau thickening, solubility, dej tuav, adhesion, adhesive, ruaj khov ncua kev kawm ntawv thiab emulsification ntawm dej-soluble cellulose ether yog heev cuam tshuam, thiab txawm ua rau tag nrho poob ntawm nws functionality.
Txhawm rau txhim kho daim ntawv thov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cellulose ether, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua kev kho mob crosslinking, siv cov tshuaj sib txawv sib txawv, cov khoom ua tau zoo sib txawv. Raws li kev tshawb fawb ntawm ntau hom crosslinking agents thiab lawv txoj kev crosslinking, ua ke nrog crosslinking thev naus laus zis hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, daim ntawv no tham txog kev sib txuas ntawm cellulose ether nrog ntau hom crosslinking agents, muab kev siv rau crosslinking hloov ntawm cellulose ether. .

1.Structure thiab crosslinking txoj cai ntawm cellulose ether

Cellulose etheryog ib hom cellulose derivatives, uas yog synthesized los ntawm ether hloov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm peb cawv hydroxyl pawg ntawm ntuj cellulose molecules thiab halogenated alkane los yog epoxide alkane. Vim qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom sib txawv, cov qauv thiab cov khoom ntawm cellulose ether sib txawv. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib kis ntawm cellulose ether feem ntau suav nrog etherification lossis esterification ntawm -OH (OH ntawm cov piam thaj hauv lub nplhaib lossis -OH ntawm qhov hloov pauv lossis carboxyl ntawm qhov hloov pauv) thiab tus neeg sawv cev crosslinking nrog binary lossis ntau pawg ua haujlwm, kom ob los yog ntau dua cellulose ether molecules yog txuas ua ke los tsim ib tug multidimensional spatial network qauv. Qhov ntawd yog crosslinked cellulose ether.
Feem ntau hais lus, cellulose ether thiab crosslinking tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tshuaj aqueous uas muaj ntau dua -OH xws li HEC, HPMC, HEMC, MC thiab CMC tuaj yeem etherified lossis esterified crosslinked. Vim tias CMC muaj carboxylic acid ions, cov pab pawg ua haujlwm hauv tus neeg sawv cev crosslinking tuaj yeem esterified crosslinked nrog carboxylic acid ions.
Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm -OH los yog -COO- nyob rau hauv cellulose ether molecule nrog crosslinking tus neeg saib xyuas, vim txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov dej-soluble pab pawg neeg thiab tsim ib tug multi-dimensional network qauv hauv kev daws, nws solubility, rheology thiab mechanical zog. yuav hloov. Los ntawm kev siv cov sib txawv crosslinking agents los teb nrog cellulose ether, daim ntawv thov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cellulose ether yuav zoo dua. Cellulose ether haum rau cov ntawv thov kev lag luam tau npaj.

2. Hom crosslinking agents

2.1 Aldehydes crosslinking agents
Aldehyde crosslinking agents xa mus rau cov organic tebchaw uas muaj aldehyde pawg (-CHO), uas yog tshuaj lom neeg thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj hydroxyl, ammonia, amide thiab lwm cov tshuaj. Aldehyde crosslinking agents siv rau cellulose thiab nws cov derivatives muaj xws li formaldehyde, glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, glyceraldehyde, thiab lwm yam. Aldehyde pab pawg tau yooj yim hnov ​​​​mob nrog ob -OH los tsim acetals nyob rau hauv weakly acidic tej yam kev mob, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog reversible. Feem ntau cov cellulose ethers hloov los ntawm aldehydes crosslinking agents yog HEC, HPMC, HEMC, MC, CMC thiab lwm yam aqueous cellulose ethers.
Ib pawg aldehyde yog crosslinked nrog ob pawg hydroxyl ntawm cov cellulose ether molecular saw, thiab cellulose ether molecules txuas nrog los ntawm kev tsim cov acetals, tsim cov qauv hauv network, thiaj li hloov nws cov solubility. Vim yog dawb -OH cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm aldehyde crosslinking tus neeg saib xyuas thiab cellulose ether, tus nqi ntawm cov molecular hydrophilic pawg raug txo, ua rau cov dej tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom. Yog li ntawd, los ntawm kev tswj tus nqi ntawm crosslinking tus neeg sawv cev, nruab nrab crosslinking ntawm cellulose ether tuaj yeem ncua lub sij hawm hydration thiab tiv thaiv cov khoom los ntawm dissolving sai heev nyob rau hauv aqueous tov, ua rau lub zos agglomeration.
Cov nyhuv ntawm aldehyde crosslinking cellulose ether feem ntau nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm aldehyde, pH, qhov sib xws ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv crosslinking, crosslinking lub sij hawm, thiab kub. Siab dhau los yog qis dhau qhov sib txuas ntawm qhov kub thiab pH yuav ua rau tsis tuaj yeem hla qhov sib txuas vim yog hemiacetal rau hauv acetal, uas yuav ua rau cellulose ether tsis soluble hauv dej. Tus nqi ntawm aldehyde thiab lub uniformity ntawm crosslinking cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau crosslinking degree ntawm cellulose ether.
Formaldehyde yog siv tsawg dua rau crosslinking cellulose ether vim nws cov toxicity thiab siab volatility. Yav dhau los, formaldehyde tau siv ntau dua hauv cov txheej txheem txheej txheej, cov nplaum, textiles, thiab tam sim no nws maj mam hloov los ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg tsis muaj formaldehyde crosslinking cov neeg ua haujlwm. Cov nyhuv crosslinking ntawm glutaraldehyde yog zoo dua li ntawm glyoxal, tab sis nws muaj ib tug muaj zog pungent tsw, thiab tus nqi ntawm glutaraldehyde kuj siab. Hauv kev txiav txim siab dav dav, hauv kev lag luam, glyoxal feem ntau yog siv los hla cov dej-soluble cellulose ether los txhim kho cov khoom solubility. Feem ntau nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, pH 5 ~ 7 tsis muaj zog acidic tej yam kev mob yuav nqa tawm crosslinking cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tom qab kev sib txuas, lub sij hawm hydration thiab ua tiav lub sij hawm hydration ntawm cellulose ether yuav ntev dua, thiab agglomeration phenomenon yuav tsis muaj zog. Piv nrog rau cov khoom uas tsis yog-crosslinking, solubility ntawm cellulose ether yog zoo dua, thiab yuav tsis muaj undissolved khoom nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj, uas yog conducive rau industrial daim ntawv thov. Thaum Zhang Shuangjian npaj hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, tus neeg sawv cev crosslinking glyoxal tau txau ua ntej ziab kom tau txais cov tshuaj hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose tam sim ntawd nrog kev tawg ntawm 100%, uas tsis lo ua ke thaum yaj thiab muaj kev tawg sai sai thiab tawg, uas daws cov bundling hauv cov tswv yim. daim ntawv thov thiab nthuav dav daim ntawv thov teb.
Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej alkaline, cov txheej txheem thim rov qab ntawm kev tsim acetal yuav tawg, lub sij hawm hydration ntawm cov khoom yuav luv luv, thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov cellulose ether uas tsis muaj crosslinking yuav rov qab los. Thaum lub sij hawm npaj thiab zus tau tej cov cellulose ether, crosslinking cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm aldehydes feem ntau yog ua tom qab etheration cov tshuaj tiv thaiv txheej txheem, nyob rau hauv cov kua theem ntawm cov txheej txheem ntxuav los yog nyob rau hauv cov khoom theem tom qab centrifugation. Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntxuav, crosslinking cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uniformity yog qhov zoo, tab sis cov nyhuv crosslinking tsis zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj kev txwv ntawm cov khoom siv engineering, kev sib txuas ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom sib txuas tsis zoo, tab sis qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib txuas yog qhov zoo dua thiab tus nqi ntawm tus neeg sawv cev crosslinking siv yog me me.
Aldehydes crosslinking cov neeg ua haujlwm hloov kho cov dej-soluble cellulose ether, ntxiv rau kev txhim kho nws cov solubility, kuj tseem muaj cov ntawv ceeb toom uas tuaj yeem siv los txhim kho nws cov khoom siv kho tshuab, viscosity stability thiab lwm yam khoom. Piv txwv li, Peng Zhang siv glyoxal rau crosslink nrog HEC, thiab tshawb xyuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm crosslinking tus neeg sawv cev concentration, crosslinking pH thiab crosslinking kub ntawm lub zog ntub dej ntawm HEC. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias nyob rau hauv qhov kev pom zoo crosslinking mob, lub zog ntub dej ntawm HEC fiber ntau tom qab crosslinking yog nce los ntawm 41.5%, thiab nws cov kev ua tau zoo tau zoo dua qub. Zhang Jin siv dej-soluble phenolic resin, glutaraldehyde thiab trichloroacetaldehyde rau crosslink CMC. Los ntawm kev sib piv cov khoom, cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov dej-soluble phenolic resin crosslinked CMC muaj qhov tsawg tshaj plaws viscosity txo tom qab kub kub kho, uas yog, qhov zoo tshaj plaws kub kuj.
2.2 Carboxylic acid crosslinking agents
Carboxylic acid crosslinking agents xa mus rau polycarboxylic acid compounds, feem ntau suav nrog succinic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid thiab lwm yam binary los yog polycarboxylic acids. Carboxylic acid crosslinkers yog thawj zaug siv nyob rau hauv crosslinking ntaub fibers los txhim kho lawv smoothness. Cov txheej txheem crosslinking yog raws li nram no: pawg carboxyl reacts nrog hydroxyl pawg cellulose molecule los tsim esterified crosslinked cellulose ether. Welch thiab Yang et al. yog thawj zaug kawm txog crosslinking mechanism ntawm carboxylic acid crosslinkers. Cov txheej txheem crosslinking yog raws li hauv qab no: nyob rau hauv qee yam mob, ob pawg carboxylic acid uas nyob ib sab hauv carboxylic acid crosslinkers thawj lub cev qhuav dej los ua cyclic anhydride, thiab cov anhydride reacted nrog OH hauv cellulose molecules los tsim crosslinked cellulose ether nrog lub network spatial qauv.
Carboxylic acid crosslinking agents feem ntau hnov ​​​​mob nrog cellulose ether uas muaj hydroxyl substituents. Vim tias carboxylic acid crosslinking cov neeg ua haujlwm yog dej-soluble thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom, lawv tau siv dav hauv kev kawm txog ntoo, hmoov txhuv nplej siab, chitosan thiab cellulose hauv xyoo tas los no.
Derivatives thiab lwm yam ntuj polymer esterification crosslinking hloov kho, thiaj li los txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm nws daim ntawv thov teb.
Hu Hanchang et al. siv sodium hypophosphite catalyst los txais yuav plaub polycarboxylic acids nrog cov qauv molecular sib txawv: Propane tricarboxylic acid (PCA), 1,2,3, 4-butane tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA), cis-CPTA, cis-CHHA (Cis-ChHA) tau siv. kom tiav cov paj rwb ntaub. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias lub voj voog ntawm polycarboxylic acid ua tiav cov paj rwb ntaub muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo dua qub. Cyclic polycarboxylic acid molecules muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo crosslinking cov neeg ua haujlwm vim tias lawv cov rigidity ntau dua thiab zoo dua crosslinking nyhuv dua cov saw carboxylic acid molecules.
Wang Jiwei et al. siv cov kua qaub sib xyaw ntawm citric acid thiab acetic anhydride los ua esterification thiab crosslinking hloov pauv ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab. Los ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas cov khoom ntawm cov dej daws teeb meem thiab muab tshuaj txhuam pob tshab, lawv xaus lus tias esterified crosslinked starch tau zoo dua khov-thaw stability, qis paste transparency thiab viscosity thermal stability zoo dua cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab.
Carboxylic acid pawg tuaj yeem txhim kho lawv cov solubility, biodegradability thiab mechanical zog tom qab esterification crosslinking cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog cov nquag -OH nyob rau hauv ntau yam polymers, thiab carboxylic acid tebchaw muaj cov tsis muaj tshuaj lom los yog tsis tshua muaj tshuaj lom, uas muaj dav prospects rau crosslinking hloov ntawm dej- soluble cellulose ether hauv qib zaub mov, qib tshuaj thiab txheej txheej.
2.3 Epoxy compound crosslinking tus neeg sawv cev
Epoxy crosslinking tus neeg sawv cev muaj ob lossis ntau pawg epoxy, lossis epoxy compounds uas muaj cov pab pawg ua haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm catalysts, epoxy pawg thiab cov pab pawg ua haujlwm hnov ​​​​mob nrog -OH hauv cov organic tebchaw los tsim cov macromolecules nrog cov qauv network. Yog li, nws tuaj yeem siv rau kev sib txuas ntawm cellulose ether.
Lub viscosity thiab mechanical zog ntawm cellulose ether tuaj yeem txhim kho los ntawm epoxy crosslinking. Epoxides yog thawj zaug siv los kho cov ntaub fibers thiab pom tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ob peb tsab ntawv ceeb toom txog kev hloov pauv kev sib txuas ntawm cellulose ether los ntawm epoxides. Hu Cheng et al tau tsim ib qho tshiab multifunctional epoxy compound crosslinker: EPTA, uas txhim kho cov ntub elastic rov qab lub kaum sab xis ntawm cov ntaub lo lo ntxhuav tiag tiag los ntawm 200º ua ntej kho rau 280º. Ntxiv mus, tus nqi zoo ntawm tus crosslinker tau nce qhov dyeing tus nqi thiab nqus tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub tiag tiag rau cov kua qaub dyes. epoxy compound crosslinking tus neeg sawv cev siv los ntawm Chen Xiaohui li al. : polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PGDE) yog crosslinked nrog gelatin. Tom qab crosslinking, gelatin hydrogel muaj qhov zoo ntawm elastic rov ua haujlwm, nrog qhov siab tshaj plaws elastic rov qab mus txog 98.03%. Raws li cov kev tshawb fawb txog kev hloov pauv ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm ntuj polymers xws li ntaub thiab gelatin los ntawm lub hauv paus oxides hauv cov ntaub ntawv, kev hloov pauv kev sib txuas ntawm cellulose ether nrog epoxides kuj tseem muaj kev cia siab.
Epichlorohydrin (tseem hu ua epichlorohydrin) yog ib tus neeg sawv cev uas nquag siv rau kev kho cov khoom siv polymer uas muaj -OH, -NH2 thiab lwm pab pawg ua haujlwm. Tom qab epichlorohydrin crosslinking, viscosity, acid thiab alkali tsis kam, kub tsis kam, ntsev tsis kam, shear resistance thiab mechanical zog ntawm cov khoom yuav zoo dua. Yog li, daim ntawv thov ntawm epichlorohydrin hauv cellulose ether crosslinking muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Piv txwv li, Su Maoyao tau ua cov khoom siv adsorbent heev los ntawm kev siv epiclorohydrin crosslinked CMC. Nws tau tham txog kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv, qib kev hloov pauv thiab qib ntawm crosslinking ntawm cov khoom adsorption, thiab pom tias cov dej tuav tus nqi (WRV) thiab brine tuav tus nqi (SRV) ntawm cov khoom tsim nrog kwv yees li 3% tus neeg sawv cev crosslinking nce 26. xa 17x. Thaum Ding Changguang et al. npaj tsis tshua muaj kuab heev carboxymethyl cellulose, epichlorohydrin tau ntxiv tom qab etherification rau crosslinking. Los ntawm kev sib piv, qhov viscosity ntawm cov khoom sib txuas tau nce mus txog 51% siab dua li ntawm cov khoom tsis sib xws.
2.4 Boric acid crosslinking agents
Boric crosslinking agents feem ntau suav nrog boric acid, borax, borate, organoborate thiab lwm yam borate-muaj crosslinking agents. Cov txheej txheem crosslinking feem ntau ntseeg tau tias boric acid (H3BO3) lossis borate (B4O72-) tsim tetrahydroxy borate ion (B(OH) 4-) hauv cov tshuaj, thiab tom qab ntawd dehydrates nrog -Oh nyob rau hauv lub compound. Tsim ib qho kev sib txuas sib txuas nrog lub network qauv.
Boric acid crosslinkers yog siv dav hauv cov tshuaj, iav, ceramics, roj av thiab lwm yam kev lag luam. Lub zog txhua yam ntawm cov khoom kho nrog boric acid crosslinking tus neeg sawv cev yuav raug txhim kho, thiab nws tuaj yeem siv rau kev sib txuas ntawm cellulose ether, txhawm rau txhim kho nws cov kev ua tau zoo.
Nyob rau xyoo 1960, inorganic boron (borax, boric acid thiab sodium tetraborate, thiab lwm yam) yog lub ntsiab crosslinking tus neeg sawv cev siv hauv dej-raws li kev tsim cov kua dej ntawm cov roj thiab roj. Borax yog tus neeg sawv cev crosslinking ntxov tshaj plaws siv. Vim yog qhov tsis txaus ntawm inorganic boron, xws li lub sijhawm luv luv crosslinking thiab tsis zoo kub tsis kam, kev txhim kho ntawm organoboron crosslinking tus neeg sawv cev tau dhau los ua qhov kev tshawb fawb hotspot. Kev tshawb fawb ntawm organoboron pib hauv 1990s. Vim nws cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias tsis kam, yooj yim tawg kua nplaum, tswj tau qeeb crosslinking, thiab lwm yam., organoboron tau ua tiav daim ntawv thov zoo hauv cov roj thiab cov pa tawg. Liu Li et al. tsim ib tug polymer crosslinking tus neeg saib xyuas uas muaj phenylboric acid pawg, tus neeg sawv cev crosslinking tov nrog acrylic acid thiab polyol polymer nrog succinimide ester pab pawg neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, lub resulting adhesive lom muaj kev ua tau zoo heev, muaj peev xwm qhia tau zoo adhesion thiab mechanical zog nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ntub dej, thiab tuaj yeem ua tau. yooj yim dua adhesion. Yaj Yang et al. tsim cov kub resistant zirconium boron crosslinking tus neeg sawv cev, uas tau siv los hla-txuas cov guanidine gel puag cov kua dej ntawm cov kua dej tawg, thiab ua kom zoo dua qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov kua dej tawg tom qab kev sib txuas sib txuas. Kev hloov kho ntawm carboxymethyl cellulose ether los ntawm boric acid crosslinking tus neeg sawv cev hauv roj av drilling kua tau raug tshaj tawm. Vim nws cov qauv tshwj xeeb, nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov tshuaj thiab kev tsim kho
Crosslinking ntawm cellulose ether nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho, txheej thiab lwm yam teb.
2.5 Phosphide crosslinking tus neeg sawv cev
Phosphates crosslinking cov neeg ua haujlwm feem ntau suav nrog phosphorus trichloroxy (phosphoacyl chloride), sodium trimetaphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, thiab lwm yam. Cov txheej txheem crosslinking yog tias PO daim ntawv cog lus lossis P-Cl daim ntawv cog lus yog esterified nrog cov molecular -OH hauv cov tshuaj aqueous los tsim diphosphate, tsim ib lub network qauv. .
Phosphide crosslinking tus neeg saib xyuas vim tsis muaj tshuaj lom lossis tsis muaj tshuaj lom, dav siv hauv cov zaub mov, tshuaj polymer cov khoom siv crosslinking kev hloov kho, xws li cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, chitosan thiab lwm yam kev kho mob polymer crosslinking. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias gelatinization thiab o ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab tuaj yeem hloov pauv tau los ntawm kev ntxiv me me ntawm phosphide crosslinking tus neeg sawv cev. Tom qab cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab crosslinking, cov gelatinization kub nce, cov tshuaj ruaj khov txhim kho, cov kua qaub kuj zoo dua li cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab qub, thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab muaj zog ntxiv.
Kuj tseem muaj ntau txoj kev tshawb fawb txog chitosan crosslinking nrog phosphide crosslinking tus neeg sawv cev, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho nws lub zog txhua yam, tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov thiab lwm yam khoom. Tam sim no, tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev siv phosphide crosslinking tus neeg saib xyuas rau cellulose ether crosslinking kev kho mob. Vim tias cellulose ether thiab hmoov txhuv nplej siab, chitosan thiab lwm yam ntuj polymers muaj ntau dua -OH, thiab phosphide crosslinking tus neeg sawv cev muaj cov tshuaj tsis muaj tshuaj lom lossis tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg lub cev, nws daim ntawv thov hauv cellulose ether crosslinking kev tshawb fawb kuj muaj peev xwm zeem muag. Xws li CMC siv rau hauv cov zaub mov, tshuaj txhuam hniav qib teb nrog phosphide crosslinking tus neeg hloov kho, tuaj yeem txhim kho nws cov thickening, rheological zog. MC, HPMC thiab HEC siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam tshuaj tuaj yeem txhim kho los ntawm phosphide crosslinking tus neeg sawv cev.
2.6 Lwm tus neeg sawv cev sib txuas
Cov aldehydes saum toj no, epoxides thiab cellulose ether crosslinking yog etherification crosslinking, carboxylic acid, boric acid thiab phosphide crosslinking tus neeg sawv cev yog esterification crosslinking. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj crosslinking siv rau cellulose ether crosslinking kuj muaj xws li isocyanate compounds, nitrogen hydroxymethyl compounds, sulfhydryl compounds, hlau crosslinking agents, organosilicon crosslinking agents, thiab lwm yam. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws cov qauv molecular yog tias cov molecule muaj ntau pawg ua haujlwm uas yog. yooj yim rau kev hnov ​​​​mob nrog -OH, thiab tuaj yeem tsim ntau qhov sib txawv network qauv tom qab sib txuas. Cov khoom ntawm crosslinking cov khoom muaj feem xyuam rau hom crosslinking tus neeg saib xyuas, crosslinking degree thiab crosslinking tej yam kev mob.
Badit · Pabin · Condu et al. siv toluene diisocyanate (TDI) rau crosslink methyl cellulose. Tom qab crosslinking, lub iav hloov pauv kub (Tg) nce nrog qhov nce ntawm feem pua ​​​​ntawm TDI, thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm nws cov tshuaj aqueous zoo tuaj. TDI kuj tseem siv rau crosslinking hloov kho hauv cov nplaum, txheej thiab lwm yam. Tom qab kev hloov kho, cov cuab yeej nplaum, qhov kub thiab txias thiab dej tsis kam ntawm zaj duab xis yuav raug txhim kho. Yog li ntawd, TDI tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cellulose ether siv hauv kev tsim kho, txheej thiab nplaum los ntawm kev hloov kho crosslinking.
Disulfide crosslinking thev naus laus zis tau siv dav hauv kev hloov kho cov ntaub ntawv kho mob thiab muaj qee yam kev tshawb fawb tus nqi rau crosslinking ntawm cellulose ether cov khoom lag luam hauv cov tshuaj. Shu Shuj et al. ua ke β-cyclodextrin nrog silica microspheres, crosslinked mercaptoylated chitosan thiab glucan los ntawm gradient plhaub txheej, thiab tshem tawm silica microspheres kom tau disulfide crosslinked nanocapses, uas pom zoo stability nyob rau hauv simulated physiological pH.
Hlau crosslinking cov neeg ua haujlwm feem ntau yog inorganic thiab cov organic sib txuas ntawm cov hlau ions xws li Zr(IV), Al(III), Ti(IV), Cr(III) thiab Fe(III). High hlau ions yog polymerized los tsim ntau-nuclear hydroxyl choj ions los ntawm hydration, hydrolysis thiab hydroxyl choj. Nws yog feem ntau ntseeg hais tias kev sib txuas ntawm high-valence hlau ions feem ntau yog los ntawm ntau cov nucleated hydroxyl bridging ions, uas yog ib qho yooj yim mus ua ke nrog carboxylic acid pawg los tsim ntau qhov chaw spatial polymers. Xu Kai et al. Kawm txog cov khoom rheological ntawm Zr(IV), Al(III), Ti(IV), Cr(III) thiab Fe(III) series high-nqi hlau cross-linked carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose (CMHPC) thiab thermal stability, pom poob. , tshem tawm cov xuab zeb muaj peev xwm, kua nplaum-tawg residue thiab ntsev compatibility tom qab thov. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias, Cov hlau crosslinker muaj cov khoom tsim nyog rau cov cementing tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov roj zoo fracturing kua.

3. Kev txhim kho kev ua tau zoo thiab kev tsim kho ntawm cellulose ether los ntawm kev hloov kho crosslinking

3.1 Xim thiab kev tsim kho
Cellulose ether feem ntau yog HEC, HPMC, HEMC thiab MC yog siv ntau dua hauv kev tsim kho, txheej, hom cellulose ether yuav tsum muaj dej zoo, thickening, ntsev thiab kub tsis kam, shear resistance, feem ntau siv hauv cement mortar, latex xim. , ceramic pobzeb nplaum, sab nrauv phab ntsa xim, lacquer thiab lwm yam. Vim lub tsev, txheej txheej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum muaj lub zog zoo thiab ruaj khov, feem ntau xaiv etherification hom crosslinking tus neeg sawv cev rau cellulose ether crosslinking hloov kho, xws li kev siv epoxy halogenated alkane, boric acid crosslinking tus neeg saib xyuas rau nws cov crosslinking, tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom. viscosity, ntsev thiab kub tsis kam, shear resistance thiab mechanical zog.
3.2 Cov tshuaj, zaub mov thiab tshuaj txhua hnub
MC, HPMC thiab CMC nyob rau hauv dej-soluble cellulose ether feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv tshuaj txheej cov ntaub ntawv, tshuaj qeeb-tso additives thiab kua tshuaj thickener thiab emulsion stabilizer. CMC kuj tseem siv tau los ua emulsifier thiab thickener hauv yogurt, khoom siv mis nyuj thiab tshuaj txhuam hniav. HEC thiab MC yog siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj txhua hnub kom thicken, disperse thiab homogenize. Vim tias thaj chaw tshuaj, zaub mov thiab qib tshuaj txhua hnub xav tau cov ntaub ntawv muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom, yog li ntawd, rau hom cellulose ether tuaj yeem siv phosphoric acid, carboxylic acid crosslinking tus neeg saib xyuas, sulfhydryl crosslinking tus neeg sawv cev, thiab lwm yam, tom qab kev hloov pauv crosslinking, tuaj yeem txhim kho lub viscosity ntawm cov khoom, lom stability thiab lwm yam khoom.
HEC yog tsis tshua muaj siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj thiab zaub mov, tab sis vim HEC yog ib tug non-ionic cellulose ether nrog muaj zog solubility, nws muaj nws tshwj xeeb zoo tshaj MC, HPMC thiab CMC. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, nws yuav raug crosslinked los ntawm kev nyab xeeb thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg crosslinking cov neeg ua haujlwm, uas yuav muaj peev xwm txhim kho tau zoo hauv kev lag luam tshuaj thiab zaub mov.
3.3 Roj drilling thiab ntau lawm cheeb tsam
CMC thiab carboxylated cellulose ether feem ntau yog siv los ua kev lag luam drilling av nkos tus neeg saib xyuas, tus neeg sawv cev poob dej, tus neeg sawv cev thickening siv. Raws li cov non-ionic cellulose ether, HEC kuj tau dav siv nyob rau hauv cov roj drilling vim nws cov nyhuv thickening zoo, muaj zog xuab zeb ncua kev kawm ntawv muaj peev xwm thiab stability, tshav kub tsis kam, siab ntsev cov ntsiab lus, tsis muaj pipeline kuj, tsis muaj kua poob, roj hmab ceev. tawg thiab qis residue. Tam sim no, kev tshawb fawb ntau dua yog kev siv cov boric acid crosslinking agents thiab hlau crosslinking agents los hloov CMC siv nyob rau hauv cov roj drilling teb, uas tsis yog-ionic cellulose ether crosslinking hloov kho kev tshawb fawb qhia tsawg dua, tab sis hydrophobic hloov ntawm non-ionic cellulose ether, qhia qhov tseem ceeb. viscosity, kub thiab ntsev kuj thiab shear stability, zoo dispersion thiab tsis kam mus rau lom hydrolysis. Tom qab crosslinked los ntawm boric acid, hlau, epoxide, epoxy halogenated alkanes thiab lwm yam crosslinking agents, cellulose ether siv nyob rau hauv cov roj drilling thiab ntau lawm tau txhim kho nws thickening, ntsev thiab kub kuj, stability thiab thiaj li nyob rau, uas muaj ib tug zoo daim ntawv thov kev cia siab nyob rau hauv lub yav tom ntej.
3.4 Lwm cov teb
Cellulose ether vim thickening, emulsification, film forming, colloidal tiv thaiv, noo noo retention, adhesion, anti-rhiab heev thiab lwm yam zoo heev zog, ntau lug siv, ntxiv rau cov saum toj no teb, kuj siv nyob rau hauv papermaking, ceramics, textile printing thiab dyeing, polymerization cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab lwm yam teb. Raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm cov khoom siv hauv ntau qhov chaw, cov neeg sawv cev sib txawv tuaj yeem siv rau kev hloov kho crosslinking kom tau raws li daim ntawv thov. Feem ntau, crosslinked cellulose ether tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg: etherified crosslinked cellulose ether thiab esterified crosslinked cellulose ether. Aldehydes, epoxides thiab lwm yam crosslinkers teb nrog -Oh ntawm cellulose ether los ua ether-oxygen bond (-O-), uas belongs rau etherification crosslinkers. Carboxylic acid, phosphide, boric acid thiab lwm yam crosslinking agents hnov ​​​​mob nrog -OH ntawm cellulose ether los ua ester bonds, teej tug mus rau esterification crosslinking agents. Cov pawg carboxyl hauv CMC reacts nrog -OH nyob rau hauv tus neeg sawv cev crosslinking los tsim esterified crosslinked cellulose ether. Tam sim no, muaj ob peb qhov kev tshawb fawb txog qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm crosslinking no, thiab tseem muaj chaw rau kev txhim kho yav tom ntej. Vim tias qhov ruaj khov ntawm ether daim ntawv cog lus zoo dua li ntawm ester daim ntawv cog lus, ether hom crosslinked cellulose ether muaj zog ruaj khov thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab. Raws li daim ntawv thov sib txawv, tus neeg sawv cev crosslinking tsim nyog tuaj yeem xaiv rau cellulose ether crosslinking hloov kho, txhawm rau kom tau txais cov khoom lag luam raws li qhov xav tau ntawm daim ntawv thov.

4. Cov lus xaus

Tam sim no, kev lag luam siv glyoxal rau crosslink cellulose ether, thiaj li yuav ncua lub sij hawm dissolution, los daws cov teeb meem ntawm cov khoom caking thaum lub sij hawm dissolution. Glyoxal crosslinked cellulose ether tuaj yeem hloov nws cov solubility, tab sis tsis muaj kev txhim kho pom tseeb ntawm lwm yam khoom. Tam sim no, kev siv lwm cov tshuaj crosslinking uas tsis yog glyoxal rau cellulose ether crosslinking tsis tshua tau kawm. Vim tias cellulose ether yog siv dav hauv cov roj drilling, kev tsim kho, txheej, khoom noj, tshuaj thiab lwm yam lag luam, nws solubility, rheology, mechanical zog ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv nws daim ntawv thov. Los ntawm kev hloov kho crosslinking, nws tuaj yeem txhim kho nws daim ntawv thov kev ua haujlwm hauv ntau qhov chaw, kom ua tau raws li daim ntawv thov xav tau. Piv txwv li, carboxylic acid, phosphoric acid, boric acid crosslinking tus neeg sawv cev rau cellulose ether esterification tuaj yeem txhim kho nws daim ntawv thov kev ua tau zoo hauv kev ua zaub mov thiab tshuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, aldehydes tsis tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev lag luam zaub mov thiab tshuaj vim lawv lub cev muaj zog. Boric acid thiab hlau crosslinking cov neeg ua haujlwm pab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov roj thiab cov roj fracturing kua tom qab crosslinking cellulose ether siv hauv cov roj drilling. Lwm cov alkyl crosslinking agents, xws li epichlorohydrin, tuaj yeem txhim kho viscosity, rheological zog thiab txhua yam khoom ntawm cellulose ether. Nrog rau kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, cov kev xav tau ntawm ntau yam kev lag luam rau cov khoom siv tau zoo tas li. Txhawm rau ua kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cellulose ether hauv ntau daim ntawv thov, kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej ntawm cellulose ether crosslinking muaj kev cia siab rau txoj kev loj hlob.