Rheology thiab Compatibility ntawm HPMC/HPS Complex

Rheology thiab Compatibility ntawmHPMC/HPSnyuaj

Cov lus tseem ceeb: Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose yog ib qho khoom siv zoo; hydroxypropyl hmoov txhuv nplej siab; rheological zog; kev sib haum xeeb; Kev hloov kho tshuaj.

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) yog polysaccharide polymer feem ntau siv rau hauv kev npaj cov yeeb yaj kiab uas siv tau. Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov thiab tshuaj. Cov yeeb yaj kiab muaj qhov pom tseeb zoo, cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab cov khoom siv roj barrier. Txawm li cas los xij, HPMC yog ib qho thermally induced gel, uas ua rau nws cov kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab siv zog ntau lawm; Tsis tas li ntawd, nws cov nqi raw khoom kim txwv tsis pub nws daim ntawv thov dav suav nrog cov chaw muag tshuaj. Hydroxypropyl starch (HPS) yog cov khoom siv tau siv dav hauv cov khoom noj thiab tshuaj. Nws muaj ntau qhov chaw thiab tus nqi qis. Nws yog cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws los txo tus nqi ntawm HPMC. Ntxiv mus, cov khoom txias gel ntawm HPS tuaj yeem sib npaug cov viscosity thiab lwm yam rheological ntawm HPMC. , los txhim kho nws cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Tsis tas li ntawd, HPS edible zaj duab xis muaj cov khoom zoo heev oxygen barrier, yog li nws tuaj yeem txhim kho cov pa oxygen barrier ntawm HPMC edible film.

HPS tau ntxiv rau hauv HPMC rau kev sib xyaw ua ke, thiab HPMC / HPS txias thiab kub thim rov qab-theem gel compound system tau tsim. Cov kev cai lij choj ntawm cov khoom tau sib tham, kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm HPS thiab HPMC hauv kev daws teeb meem, kev sib raug zoo thiab theem kev hloov ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw tau sib tham, thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov khoom rheological thiab cov qauv ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke muaj qhov tseem ceeb (8%), qis dua qhov tseem ceeb, HPMC thiab HPS muaj nyob rau hauv kev ywj pheej molecular chains thiab theem cheeb tsam; saum toj no qhov tseem ceeb concentration, HPS theem yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov kev daws teeb meem raws li lub gel center, lub microgel qauv, uas yog kev cob cog rua los ntawm intertwining ntawm HPMC molecular chains, qhia ib tug cwj pwm zoo li cov polymer yaj. Lub rheological zog ntawm lub compound system thiab cov compound ratio ua raws li txoj cai logarithmic sum, thiab qhia ib tug tej yam degree ntawm zoo thiab tsis zoo sib txawv, qhia tau hais tias ob lub Cheebtsam muaj zoo compatibility. Cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke yog ib ntus ntu ntu ntu ntu "hiav txwv-kos" qauv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thiab qhov kev hloov pauv tsis tu ncua tshwm sim ntawm 4: 6 nrog qhov txo qis ntawm HPMC / HPS compound ratio.

Raws li ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus, ntim zaub mov tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov khoom noj los ntawm kev puas tsuaj thiab ua qias tuaj ntawm lwm yam hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ncig thiab khaws cia, yog li txuas ntxiv lub neej txee thiab lub sijhawm cia khoom noj. Raws li hom tshiab ntawm cov khoom ntim khoom noj uas muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab noj tau, thiab txawm tias muaj qee yam khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig, cov yeeb yaj kiab uas tau noj tau muaj cov ntawv thov dav dav hauv kev ntim khoom noj thiab khaws cia, khoom noj ceev thiab tshuaj ntsiav tshuaj, thiab tau dhau los ua qhov kev tshawb fawb hotspot hauv cov zaub mov tam sim no. kev ntim khoom muaj feem xyuam.

Lub HPMC/HPS puas daim nyias nyias tau npaj los ntawm txoj kev casting. Kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab theem sib cais ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw tau tshawb nrhiav ntxiv los ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas electron microscopy, dynamic thermomechanical khoom tsom xam thiab ntsuas thermogravimetric, thiab cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom sib txuas tau kawm. thiab oxygen permeability thiab lwm yam khoom membrane. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias tsis muaj qhov pom tseeb ob-theem cuam tshuam pom hauv SEM cov duab ntawm txhua zaj duab xis sib xyaw, tsuas muaj ib qho kev hloov pauv iav hauv DMA cov txiaj ntsig ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw, thiab tsuas yog ib qho thermal degradation ncov tshwm hauv DTG nkhaus. feem ntau ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw. HPMC muaj qee yam kev sib raug zoo nrog HPS. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm HPS rau HPMC txhim kho cov pa oxygen barrier zog ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw. Cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke sib txawv heev nrog qhov sib xyaw ua ke thiab cov av noo ntawm ib puag ncig, thiab nthuav tawm cov ntsiab lus sib txawv, uas tuaj yeem muab cov ntaub ntawv siv rau cov khoom lag luam optimization rau cov ntawv thov sib txawv.

Lub microscopic morphology, theem faib, theem hloov thiab lwm yam microstructures ntawm HPMC / HPS compound system tau kawm los ntawm yooj yim iodine dyeing optical microscope tsom xam, thiab cov pob tshab thiab txhua yam khoom ntawm lub compound system tau kawm los ntawm ultraviolet spectrophotometer thiab mechanical khoom tester. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov qauv microscopic morphological thiab macroscopic kev ua tau zoo ntawm HPMC / HPS compound system tau tsim. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias muaj coob tus mesophases muaj nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem sib xyaw, uas muaj kev sib raug zoo. Muaj qhov hloov pauv theem nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem sib xyaw, thiab qhov kev hloov pauv theem no muaj qee qhov sib piv thiab kev daws teeb meem concentration dependence. Qhov qis tshaj ntawm qhov pom ntawm qhov sib xyaw ua ke yog ua raws li theem kev hloov pauv ntawm HPMC los ntawm cov theem txuas mus rau theem dispersed thiab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm tensile modulus. Cov Young's modulus thiab elongation ntawm kev tawg tau txo qis nrog qhov nce ntawm cov tshuaj concentration, uas muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog kev hloov ntawm HPMC los ntawm cov theem tas mus li mus rau theem dispersed.

Lub rheometer tau siv los kawm txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev hloov kho tshuaj ntawm HPS ntawm cov khoom siv rheological thiab cov khoom siv gel ntawm HPMC / HPS txias thiab kub thim rov qab-theem gel compound system. Lub peev xwm thiab theem hloov tau raug kawm, thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm microstructure thiab rheological thiab gel zog tau tsim. Cov txiaj ntsig kev tshawb fawb pom tau tias hydroxypropylation ntawm HPS tuaj yeem txo cov viscosity ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, txhim kho cov kua dej ntawm cov tshuaj sib xyaw, thiab txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm shear thinning; hydroxypropylation ntawm HPS tuaj yeem nqaim cov kab viscosity ntawm cov kab ke sib xyaw. Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam elastic, theem kev hloov pauv kub ntawm HPMC / HPS compound system raug txo, thiab cov khoom zoo li tus cwj pwm ntawm qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm qhov kub thiab txias tau txhim kho. HPMC thiab HPS tsim cov theem txuas ntxiv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, feem, thiab raws li cov theem sib cais txiav txim siab cov khoom siv rheological thiab gel cov khoom ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Ob qho kev hloov pauv sai sai ntawm cov viscosity nkhaus ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw thiab cov tan delta ncov hauv qhov poob qhov nkhaus tshwm sim ntawm 45 ° C, uas ua rau lub suab sib txuas txuas ntxiv tshwm sim pom hauv iodine-stained micrographs ntawm 45 ° C.

Cov nyhuv ntawm kev hloov kho tshuaj ntawm HPS ntawm cov qauv crystalline thiab micro-divisional qauv ntawm cov zaj duab xis sib xyaw tau kawm los ntawm synchrotron hluav taws xob me me-lub kaum sab xis X-ray scattering thev naus laus zis, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, oxygen barrier zog thiab thermal stability ntawm cov zaj duab xis sib xyaw. systematically kawm txog kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov qauv tshuaj hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ntawm microstructure thiab macroscopic zog ntawm cov tshuab ua ke. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov hluav taws xob synchrotron tau pom tias hydroxypropylation ntawm HPS thiab kev txhim kho ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov recrystallization ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hauv daim nyias nyias thiab txhawb kev tsim cov qauv ntawm tus kheej zoo sib xws hauv cov khoom sib xyaw. Cov khoom macroscopic xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thermal stability thiab oxygen permeability ntawm HPMC / HPS cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw ua ke zoo sib xws rau nws cov qauv crystalline thiab cov qauv hauv cheeb tsam amorphous. Qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ob qhov teebmeem.

Tshooj Ib Introduction

Raws li ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus, cov khoom ntim khoom noj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov khoom noj los ntawm lub cev, tshuaj lom neeg thiab lom neeg puas tsuaj thiab muaj kuab paug thaum ncig thiab khaws cia, tswj cov zaub mov zoo, pab txhawb kev noj zaub mov, thiab ua kom cov zaub mov zoo. Kev khaws cia ntev thiab khaws cia, thiab muab cov zaub mov zoo li nyiam noj thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig tshaj li cov khoom siv [1-4]. Raws li hom tshiab ntawm cov khoom ntim khoom noj uas muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab noj tau, thiab txawm tias muaj qee yam khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig, cov yeeb yaj kiab uas tau noj tau muaj cov ntawv thov dav dav hauv kev ntim khoom noj thiab khaws cia, khoom noj ceev thiab tshuaj ntsiav tshuaj, thiab tau dhau los ua qhov kev tshawb fawb hotspot hauv cov zaub mov tam sim no. kev ntim khoom muaj feem xyuam.

Cov yeeb yaj kiab uas siv tau yog cov yeeb yaj kiab uas muaj cov qauv sib txuas sib txuas, feem ntau tau txais los ntawm kev ua cov khoom noj khoom haus zoo tshaj plaws. Ntau cov polymers uas muaj nyob hauv cov xwm txheej muaj cov khoom siv gel, thiab lawv cov kev daws teeb meem tuaj yeem tsim cov hydrogels hauv qee qhov xwm txheej, xws li qee qhov ntuj polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, thiab lwm yam. Natural structural polysaccharides xws li hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab cellulose, vim lawv cov qauv molecular tshwj xeeb ntawm cov saw ntev helix thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj ruaj khov, tuaj yeem tsim nyog rau lub sijhawm ntev thiab ntau qhov chaw khaws cia, thiab tau kawm dav raws li cov khoom siv ua yeeb yaj kiab. Cov yeeb yaj kiab uas siv tau los ntawm ib qho polysaccharide feem ntau muaj qee yam kev txwv hauv kev ua haujlwm. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau tshem tawm cov kev txwv ntawm ib qho polysaccharide edible films, tau txais cov khoom tshwj xeeb lossis tsim cov haujlwm tshiab, txo cov nqi khoom, thiab nthuav lawv daim ntawv thov, feem ntau yog siv ob hom polysaccharides. Los yog cov saum toj no tej yam ntuj tso polysaccharides yog compounded mus cuag cov nyhuv ntawm complementary zog. Txawm li cas los xij, vim qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv molecular ntawm cov polymers sib txawv, muaj qee qhov kev sib txawv ntawm entropy, thiab feem ntau cov polymer complexes yog ib feem los yog tsis sib xws. Theem morphology thiab compatibility ntawm lub polymer complex yuav txiav txim seb lub zog ntawm cov khoom puas. Lub deformation thiab ntws keeb kwm thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm muaj feem cuam tshuam rau cov qauv. Yog li ntawd, macroscopic zog xws li rheological zog ntawm lub polymer complex system tau kawm. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov qauv microscopic morphological xws li theem morphology thiab compatibility yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev tswj cov kev ua tau zoo, tsom xam thiab hloov kho cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw, kev siv thev naus laus zis, kev coj ua qauv tsim thiab kev tsim tshuab tsim, thiab tshuaj xyuas kev tsim khoom. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom thiab kev txhim kho thiab kev siv cov ntaub ntawv polymer tshiab yog qhov tseem ceeb heev.

Hauv tshooj no, cov xwm txheej tshawb fawb thiab kev ua tiav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua yeeb yaj kiab tau raug tshuaj xyuas kom meej; kev tshawb fawb qhov xwm txheej ntawm ntuj hydrogels; lub hom phiaj thiab txoj kev ntawm polymer compounding thiab kev tshawb fawb kev kawm ntawm polysaccharide compounding; txoj kev tshawb fawb rheological ntawm compounding system; Cov khoom rheological thiab qauv kev tsim kho ntawm qhov txias thiab kub rov qab gel system raug tshuaj xyuas thiab sib tham, nrog rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb, kev tshawb fawb lub hom phiaj thiab kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov ntawv no.

1.1 Ua movie

Cov yeeb yaj kiab uas siv tau yog hais txog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov yas yas thiab cov kab sib txuas sib txuas raws li cov khoom siv tau zoo (xws li cov qauv polysaccharides, lipids, cov protein), los ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj sib txawv, los ntawm kev sib xyaw, cua sov, txheej, ziab, thiab lwm yam. qauv tsim los ntawm kev kho mob. Nws tuaj yeem muab ntau yam haujlwm xws li xaiv cov khoom thaiv rau cov pa roj, noo noo, cov ntsiab lus thiab cov khoom tsis zoo sab nraud, txhawm rau txhim kho lub siab zoo thiab cov qauv sab hauv ntawm cov zaub mov, thiab ncua lub sijhawm cia lossis txee lub neej ntawm cov khoom noj.

1.1.1 Kev Txhim Kho Keeb Kwm ntawm Kev Ua Yeeb Yam Yeeb Yam

Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab uas tau noj tau tuaj yeem taug qab mus rau 12th thiab 13th centuries. Nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, Suav siv txoj kev yooj yim ntawm waxing rau lub tsho citrus thiab txiv qaub, uas txo cov dej hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub, kom cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub khaws lawv cov lus qub qub, yog li ua kom lub neej ntev ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub. zaub, tab sis ntau dhau inhibiting aerobic ua pa ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub, ua rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo fermentative deterioration. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th, cov neeg Esxias tau pib ua yeeb yaj kiab los ntawm cov kua mis, thiab siv nws los tiv thaiv zaub mov thiab ua kom cov zaub mov zoo dua [20]. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th, cov neeg Askiv tau siv roj los npog cov zaub mov kom txo tau cov zaub mov tsis muaj dej. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, sucrose yog thawj zaug siv los ua cov txheej txheem ntawm cov txiv ntoo, almonds thiab hazelnuts los tiv thaiv oxidation thiab rancidity thaum khaws cia. Nyob rau xyoo 1830, cov yeeb yaj kiab ua lag luam kub-melt paraffin tau tshwm sim rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo xws li txiv apples thiab pears . Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, Gelatin films tau txau rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom noj nqaij thiab lwm yam khoom noj rau kev khaws cia zaub mov. Thaum ntxov xyoo 1950, carnauba wax, thiab lwm yam, tau ua rau cov roj-hauv-dej emulsions rau txheej thiab khaws cia cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab thiab zaub. Nyob rau xyoo 1950s, kev tshawb fawb txog cov yeeb yaj kiab uas siv tau rau cov khoom siv nqaij tau pib tsim, thiab qhov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev vam meej yog cov khoom lag luam enema ua tiav los ntawm cov hnyuv me rau hauv cov hnyuv.

Txij li thaum xyoo 1950, nws tuaj yeem hais tau tias lub tswv yim ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab noj tau tsuas yog tau thov tiag tiag. Txij thaum ntawd los, ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tau tsim muaj kev txaus siab rau cov yeeb yaj kiab noj tau. Xyoo 1991, Nisperes tau siv carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) rau txheej thiab khaws cia cov txiv tsawb thiab lwm yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ua pa tau txo, thiab cov chlorophyll poob qeeb. Park et al. Hauv xyoo 1994 tau tshaj tawm txog qhov cuam tshuam zoo ntawm zein protein zaj duab xis rau O2 thiab CO2, uas txhim kho cov dej poob, wilting thiab discoloration ntawm txiv lws suav. Xyoo 1995, Lourdin tau siv cov tshuaj dilute alkaline los kho cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, thiab ntxiv glycerin rau lub tsho strawberries rau freshness, uas txo cov dej poob ntawm strawberries thiab ncua kev lwj. Baberjee tau txhim kho cov khoom siv ua yeeb yaj kiab hauv xyoo 1996 los ntawm micro-liquefaction thiab kev kho ultrasonic ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab ua kua, yog li qhov loj me ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab tsim cov kua tau txo qis thiab qhov sib npaug ntawm cov emulsion tau txhim kho. Xyoo 1998, Padegett et al. ntxiv lysozyme los yog nisin rau soybean protein edible zaj duab xis thiab siv nws los qhwv cov zaub mov, thiab pom tias kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob lactic acid hauv cov zaub mov tau zoo inhibited [30]. Xyoo 1999, Yin Qinghong et al. siv beeswax los ua ib zaj duab xis txheej tus neeg sawv cev rau kev khaws cia thiab khaws cia ntawm txiv apples thiab lwm yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev ua pa, tiv thaiv kev poob qis, thiab inhibit microbial invasion.

Tau ntau xyoo, pob kws-baking beakers rau ntim ice cream, glutinous mov ntawv rau cov khoom qab zib ntim, thiab tofu tawv rau nqaij tais yog cov khoom ntim khoom noj. Tab sis kev lag luam kev lag luam ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab noj tau zoo tsis muaj nyob hauv xyoo 1967, thiab txawm tias cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo coated khaws cia muaj kev lag luam tsawg heev. Txog rau xyoo 1986, ob peb lub tuam txhab pib muab cov khoom siv ua yeeb yaj kiab, thiab los ntawm 1996, cov tuam txhab ua yeeb yaj kiab tau loj hlob mus rau ntau dua 600. Tam sim no, daim ntawv thov cov yeeb yaj kiab uas siv tau hauv kev ntim khoom noj tau nce zuj zus, thiab tau ua tiav ib qho txhua xyoo cov nyiaj tau los ntawm ntau tshaj 100 lab US dollars.

1.1.2 Cov yam ntxwv thiab hom ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab uas siv tau

Raws li kev tshawb fawb muaj feem xyuam, cov yeeb yaj kiab uas tau noj tau muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv qab no: cov yeeb yaj kiab uas tau noj tau tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev poob qis thiab tsis zoo ntawm cov zaub mov tsis zoo los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom noj sib txawv; qee cov yeeb yaj kiab uas siv tau lawv tus kheej muaj cov khoom noj tshwj xeeb thiab kev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv; edible zaj duab xis muaj kev xaiv barrier zog rau CO2, O2 thiab lwm yam gases; edible film yuav siv tau rau microwave, ci, kib zaub mov thiab tshuaj zaj duab xis thiab txheej; edible zaj duab xis yuav siv tau raws li antioxidants thiab preservatives thiab lwm yam cab kuj, yog li ncua lub txee lub neej ntawm cov zaub mov; edible zaj duab xis yuav siv tau raws li ib tug cab kuj rau colorants thiab khoom noj khoom haus fortifiers, thiab lwm yam., los txhim kho cov zaub mov zoo thiab txhim kho cov zaub mov sensory zog; edible film muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab noj tau, thiab tuaj yeem noj ua ke nrog zaub mov; Cov hnab ntim khoom noj tau siv tau rau kev ntim cov khoom me me lossis cov khoom noj, thiab tsim cov ntim ntau txheej nrog cov khoom ntim ib txwm, uas txhim kho tag nrho cov teeb meem kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom ntim.

Yog vim li cas vim li cas thiaj li noj tau ntim cov yeeb yaj kiab muaj cov khoom siv ua haujlwm saum toj no feem ntau yog los ntawm kev tsim cov qauv peb-dimensional network hauv lawv, yog li qhia qee lub zog thiab cov khoom thaiv. Cov khoom ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom ntim khoom noj tau cuam tshuam loj heev los ntawm cov khoom ntawm nws cov khoom, thiab cov degree ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv polymer, qhov sib xws thiab qhov ntom ntawm cov qauv network kuj cuam tshuam los ntawm cov txheej txheem sib txawv ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab. Muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ua tau zoo [15, 35]. Cov yeeb yaj kiab uas siv tau kuj muaj qee yam khoom siv xws li solubility, xim, pob tshab, thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom siv ntim khoom siv tau tsim nyog tuaj yeem xaiv raws li qhov sib txawv siv ib puag ncig thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom ntim khoom.

Raws li txoj kev tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab uas siv tau, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab cov txheej txheem: (1) Cov yeeb yaj kiab uas tau npaj ua ntej yog feem ntau hu ua cov yeeb yaj kiab. (2) Cov txheej nyias nyias tsim los ntawm cov khoom noj los ntawm txheej txheej, dipping, thiab txau yog hu ua txheej. Cov yeeb yaj kiab feem ntau yog siv rau cov khoom noj uas muaj cov khoom xyaw sib txawv uas yuav tsum tau ntim rau hauv ib tus zuj zus (xws li cov pob khoom seasoning thiab cov roj ntim hauv cov khoom noj yooj yim), cov khoom noj uas muaj cov khoom xyaw tib yam tab sis yuav tsum tau ntim nyias nyias (xws li cov pob me me ntawm kas fes, mis hmoov, thiab lwm yam), thiab tshuaj los yog khoom kho mob. Capsule khoom; txheej yog tsuas yog siv rau kev khaws cia cov khoom noj tshiab xws li txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub, cov khoom noj nqaij, txheej ntawm cov tshuaj thiab kev sib dhos ntawm kev tswj-tso microcapsules.

Raws li cov khoom siv ua yeeb yaj kiab ntawm cov khoom ntim khoom noj, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua: polysaccharide edible film, protein edible film, lipid edible film, microbial edible film thiab composite edible film.

1.1.3 Kev siv cov yeeb yaj kiab uas siv tau

Raws li hom tshiab ntawm cov khoom ntim khoom noj uas muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab noj tau, thiab txawm tias muaj qee yam khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig, cov khoom noj khoom haus tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam ntim khoom noj, thaj chaw tshuaj, kev khaws cia thiab khaws cia ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub, ua thiab khaws cia. ntawm cov nqaij thiab cov khoom hauv dej, kev tsim cov khoom noj ceev, thiab kev tsim cov roj. Nws muaj cov ntawv thov dav dav hauv kev khaws cia cov khoom noj xws li kib ci ncuav qab zib.

1.1.3.1 Daim ntawv thov hauv kev ntim khoom noj

Cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm zaj duab xis yog them rau ntawm cov khoom noj uas yuav tsum tau ntim los ntawm kev txau, txhuam, dipping, thiab lwm yam, kom tiv thaiv kev nkag mus ntawm cov dej noo, oxygen thiab cov tshuaj tsw qab, uas tuaj yeem txo qhov poob ntawm cov ntim thiab txo cov txheej ntim. ; txo qis txheej txheej ntawm cov zaub mov Cov complexity ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov yas ntim khoom yooj yim rau nws rov ua dua thiab ua, thiab txo cov pa phem ib puag ncig; nws yog siv rau kev ntim khoom cais ntawm qee cov khoom ntawm cov khoom noj uas muaj ntau yam sib xyaw kom txo tau qhov kev sib tshuam ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm cov khoom sib txawv, yog li txo cov pa phem rau ib puag ncig. Txo qhov lwj ntawm cov zaub mov los yog poob ntawm cov zaub mov tsis zoo. Cov yeeb yaj kiab uas tau noj tau ncaj qha rau hauv cov ntawv ntim khoom lossis cov hnab ntim khoom noj rau kev ntim khoom noj, uas tsis yog tsuas yog ua tiav kev nyab xeeb, huv thiab yooj yim, tab sis kuj txo qhov siab ntawm cov pa phem dawb ntawm ib puag ncig.

Siv pob kws, taum pauv thiab nplej ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb, cov ntawv zoo li cov nplej zom tuaj yeem npaj thiab siv rau ntim cov hnyuv ntxwm thiab lwm yam khoom noj. Tom qab siv, txawm tias lawv muab pov tseg rau hauv ib puag ncig ntuj, lawv yog biodegradable thiab tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv av chiv los txhim kho av. . Siv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, chitosan thiab taum dregs ua cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb, cov ntawv ntim khoom noj tau tuaj yeem npaj rau ntim cov khoom noj ceev xws li cov noodles ceev ceev thiab Fabkis cov fries, uas yooj yim, nyab xeeb thiab nrov heev; siv rau cov pob khoom seasoning, cov kua zaub khov Cov ntim cov khoom noj yooj yim xws li cov khoom siv raw, uas tuaj yeem ncaj qha mus rau hauv lub lauj kaub thaum siv, tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov khoom noj kom tsis txhob muaj kab mob, ua kom cov zaub mov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, thiab pab ntxuav. Qhuav avocado, qos yaj ywm, thiab cov nplej tawg tau fermented thiab hloov mus rau hauv polysaccharides, uas tuaj yeem siv los npaj cov khoom ntim khoom noj tshiab uas tsis muaj xim thiab pob tshab, muaj cov pa oxygen zoo thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab, thiab siv rau kev ntim cov mis hmoov. , zaub nyoos roj thiab lwm yam khoom [19]. Rau cov tub rog cov zaub mov, tom qab siv cov khoom siv, cov khoom siv ntim khoom yas yog muab pov tseg rau hauv ib puag ncig thiab dhau los ua tus cim rau cov yeeb ncuab taug qab, uas yooj yim qhia qhov chaw nyob. Hauv ntau cov khoom noj tshwj xeeb xws li pizza, pastry, ketchup, ice cream, yogurt, ncuav qab zib thiab khoom qab zib, cov khoom ntim yas tsis tuaj yeem siv ncaj qha ntxiv rau kev siv, thiab cov khoom ntim khoom noj tau qhia nws qhov tshwj xeeb zoo, uas tuaj yeem txo tus naj npawb ntawm pawg Fractional. Kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm cov tshuaj tsw qab txhim kho cov khoom zoo thiab zoo nkauj [21]. Cov khoom ntim khoom noj tau tuaj yeem siv rau hauv microwave ua zaub mov ntawm batter system. Cov khoom noj nqaij, zaub, cheese thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog pre-packed los ntawm kev txau, dipping los yog txhuam, thiab lwm yam., khov thiab khaws cia, thiab tsuas yog yuav tsum tau microwaved rau noj.

Txawm hais tias ob peb cov ntaub ntawv ntim khoom lag luam thiab cov hnab ntim khoom lag luam muaj, ntau patents tau sau npe rau ntawm kev tsim thiab siv cov khoom ntim khoom noj uas muaj peev xwm. Fabkis txoj cai tswj hwm zaub mov tau pom zoo lub hnab ntim khoom lag luam uas muaj npe hu ua "SOLUPAN", uas yog tsim los ntawm hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab sodium sorbate, thiab muaj muag muag.

1.1.3.2 Daim Ntawv Thov hauv Tshuaj

Gelatin, cellulose derivatives, hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab cov pos hniav tuaj yeem siv los npaj cov mos mos thiab tawv capsule plhaub ntawm cov tshuaj thiab cov khoom noj qab haus huv, uas tuaj yeem ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov tshuaj thiab cov khoom noj qab haus huv, thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab noj tau; Qee cov tshuaj muaj qhov iab saj, uas nyuaj rau cov neeg mob siv. Pom zoo, cov yeeb yaj kiab uas siv tau tuaj yeem siv los ua cov xim pleev xim rau cov tshuaj zoo li no; ib co enteric polymers tsis yaj nyob rau hauv lub plab (pH 1.2) ib puag ncig, tab sis yog soluble nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv (pH 6.8) ib puag ncig thiab yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv Sustained-tso tshuaj txheej; kuj tseem siv tau los ua tus nqa khoom rau cov tshuaj tsom.

Blanco-Fernandez et al. npaj ib qho chitosan acetylated monoglyceride composite zaj duab xis thiab siv nws rau kev tso tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antioxidant ntawm vitamin E, thiab cov nyhuv zoo kawg li. Lub sij hawm ntev antioxidant ntim cov ntaub ntawv. Zhang et al. blended starch nrog gelatin, ntxiv polyethylene glycol plasticizer, thiab siv ib txwm siv. Lub hollow hard capsules tau npaj los ntawm cov txheej txheem dipping ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw, thiab cov pob tshab, cov khoom siv kho tshuab, cov khoom siv hydrophilic thiab theem morphology ntawm cov zaj duab xis sib xyaw tau kawm. Cov khoom siv zoo nkauj zoo nkauj [52]. Lal et al. ua kafirin rau hauv cov txheej txheem edible rau cov txheej txheem enteric ntawm paracetamol capsules, thiab kawm txog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv thermal, cov khoom thaiv thiab cov tshuaj tso tawm ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab uas siv tau. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov txheej txheej ntawm sorghum Ntau yam tawv capsules ntawm gliadin zaj duab xis tsis tawg hauv plab, tab sis tso tawm cov tshuaj hauv cov hnyuv ntawm pH 6.8. Paik et al. npaj HPMC phthalate particles coated nrog indomethacin, thiab sprayed lub edible film-forming kua ntawm HPMC rau saum npoo ntawm cov tshuaj hais, thiab kawm cov tshuaj entrrapment tus nqi, qhov nruab nrab particle loj ntawm cov tshuaj hais, edible zaj duab xis cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias HPMCN-coated. indomethacin qhov ncauj tshuaj tuaj yeem ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev npog qhov iab saj ntawm cov tshuaj thiab tsom mus rau kev xa tshuaj. Oladzadabbasabadi et al. blended modified sago starch nrog carrageenan los npaj ib zaj duab xis edible composite los hloov cov tshuaj gelatin capsules, thiab kawm nws cov kinetics ziab, thermomechanical zog, physicochemical zog thiab barrier zog, cov txiaj ntsig qhia tau hais tias cov khoom sib xyaw edible zaj duab xis muaj cov khoom zoo sib xws rau gelatin thiab tuaj yeem ua tau. siv rau hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj ntsiav tshuaj.

1.1.3.3 Daim ntawv thov hauv kev khaws txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub

Hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub tshiab tom qab xaiv, cov tshuaj lom neeg biochemical thiab kev ua pa tseem ua rau muaj zog, uas yuav ua rau cov nqaij mos puas ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub, thiab nws yooj yim ua rau poob ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub hauv chav tsev kub, uas ua rau lub cev qhuav dej. zoo ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg thiab sensory zog ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub. poob. Yog li ntawd, kev khaws cia tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev khaws cia thiab kev thauj mus los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub; txoj kev khaws cia ib txwm muaj kev txuag tsis zoo thiab tus nqi siab. Txheej preservation ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub yog tam sim no txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub preservation. Cov yeeb yaj kiab ua kua yog coated rau saum npoo ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub, uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov kab mob, txo qhov ua pa, dej poob thiab cov khoom noj tsis zoo ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub cov ntaub so ntswg, ncua kev laus ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub cov ntaub so ntswg, thiab khaws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub cov ntaub so ntswg Tus thawj plump thiab du. Glossy tsos, thiaj li ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev khaws cia tshiab thiab ncua lub sijhawm cia. Cov neeg Asmeskas siv acetyl monoglyceride thiab cheese muab rho tawm los ntawm cov roj zaub ua cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb los npaj cov yeeb yaj kiab, thiab siv nws los txiav cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub kom tshiab, tiv thaiv lub cev qhuav dej, browning thiab ntxeem tau ntawm cov kab mob, kom nws tuaj yeem khaws cia rau ib qho. ntev. Lub xeev tshiab. Nyiv siv cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg ua cov khoom siv raw los npaj cov qos yaj ywm tshiab khaws cia zaj duab xis, uas tuaj yeem ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig tshiab zoo piv rau qhov txias cia. Cov neeg Amelikas siv cov roj zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb los ua cov kua txheej, thiab khaws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab, thiab pom tias cov nyhuv khaws cia zoo.

Marquez et al. siv whey protein thiab pectin ua raw cov ntaub ntawv, thiab ntxiv glutaminase rau cross-linking los npaj ib tug composite edible zaj duab xis, uas yog siv los coated tshiab-txiav txiv apples, txiv lws suav thiab carrots, uas yuav txo tau qhov hnyav poob. , inhibit qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab thiab zaub, thiab ua kom lub neej ntev ntawm lub txee ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev tuav cov saj thiab tsw ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab thiab zaub. Shi Li et al. coated liab ntiaj teb txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrog chitosan edible zaj duab xis, uas yuav txo tau qhov hnyav poob thiab rot npaum li cas ntawm grapes, tswj cov xim thiab brightness ntawm grapes, thiab ncua lub degradation ntawm soluble solids. Siv chitosan, sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose thiab polyacrylate li raw khoom, Liu li al. npaj edible films los ntawm multilayer txheej rau tshiab-kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub, thiab kawm txog lawv morphology, dej solubility, thiab lwm yam. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias sodium carboxymethyl cellulose-chitosan-glycerol composite zaj duab xis muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws khaws cia cov nyhuv. Sun Qingshen et al. kawm txog cov zaj duab xis sib xyaw ntawm cov taum pauv protein cais, uas yog siv rau kev khaws cov txiv pos nphuab, uas tuaj yeem txo qhov kis ntawm strawberries, inhibit lawv txoj kev ua pa, thiab txo tus nqi ntawm cov txiv pos nphuab. Ferreira thiab al. siv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub residue hmoov thiab qos yaj ywm tev hmoov los npaj cov yeeb yaj kiab uas siv tau ua ke, kawm txog cov dej solubility thiab txhua yam khoom ntawm cov zaj duab xis sib xyaw, thiab siv txheej txheej los khaws cov hawthorn. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias lub txee lub neej ntawm hawthorn tau ntev. 50%, qhov hnyav poob qis los ntawm 30-57%, thiab cov organic acid thiab noo noo tsis hloov pauv loj. Fu Xiaowei et al. tau kawm txog kev khaws cov kua txob tshiab los ntawm chitosan edible zaj duab xis, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias nws tuaj yeem txo qis kev ua pa ntawm cov kua txob tshiab thaum khaws cia thiab ncua kev laus ntawm cov kua txob. Navarro-Tarazaga et al. siv beeswax-hloov HPMC edible zaj duab xis los khaws plums. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias beeswax tuaj yeem txhim kho cov pa oxygen thiab noo noo barrier zog thiab txhua yam khoom ntawm HPMC films. Qhov hnyav poob ntawm plums tau txo qis, qhov muag muag thiab los ntshav ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thaum lub sij hawm khaws cia tau txhim kho, thiab lub sij hawm cia ntawm plums tau ntev. Tang Liing et al. siv cov tshuaj shellac alkali hauv kev hloov pauv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, npaj cov khoom ntim khoom noj, thiab kawm txog nws cov khoom ua yeeb yaj kiab; Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, siv nws cov yeeb yaj kiab ua kua rau lub tsho mangoes rau freshness tuaj yeem txo qhov ua pa zoo Nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim browning thaum lub sij hawm cia, txo qhov hnyav poob thiab ncua lub sij hawm cia.

1.1.3.4 Daim ntawv thov hauv kev ua thiab khaws cia cov khoom noj nqaij

Cov khoom siv nqaij nrog cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab cov dej ua haujlwm siab tau yooj yim los ntawm cov kab mob hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua, kev thauj mus los, kev cia thiab kev noj, ua rau cov xim tsaus nti thiab cov roj oxidation thiab lwm yam lwj. Txhawm rau kom ntev lub sijhawm khaws cia thiab txee lub neej ntawm cov khoom noj nqaij, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau sim ua kom tsis txhob muaj cov enzymes hauv cov khoom noj nqaij thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov kab mob ntawm qhov chaw, thiab tiv thaiv qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov xim thiab tsw los ntawm cov roj oxidation. Tam sim no, kev khaws cia zaj duab xis noj tau yog ib txoj hauv kev siv dav hauv kev khaws cov nqaij hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws. Muab piv nrog cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj, nws pom tau tias qhov ntxeem tau ntawm cov kab mob sab nraud, cov oxidative rancidity ntawm cov roj thiab cov kua txiv poob tau raug txhim kho zoo hauv cov khoom noj nqaij ntim hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab, thiab cov khoom noj nqaij tau zoo tuaj. Txee lub neej txuas ntxiv.

Kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov khoom noj khoom noj nqaij tau pib thaum xyoo 1950s, thiab cov ntaub ntawv thov tau zoo tshaj plaws yog collagen edible zaj duab xis, uas tau siv dav hauv cov hnyuv ntxwm tsim thiab ua. Emiroglu et al. ntxiv sesame roj rau soybean protein edible zaj duab xis los ua antibacterial zaj duab xis, thiab kawm nws antibacterial nyhuv ntawm khov nyuj khov. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov yeeb yaj kiab tshuaj tua kab mob tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm Staphylococcus aureus. Wook et al. npaj ib zaj duab xis proanthocyanidin edible thiab siv nws los npog cov nqaij npuas hauv tub yees kom tshiab. Cov xim, pH, TVB-N tus nqi, thiobarbituric acid thiab microbial suav ntawm nqaij npuas chops tom qab khaws cia rau 14 hnub tau kawm. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov yeeb yaj kiab uas siv tau ntawm proanthocyanidins tuaj yeem txo qhov tsim ntawm thiobarbituric acid, tiv thaiv fatty acid spoilage, txo qhov kev tawm tsam thiab kev tsim tawm ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov khoom siv nqaij, txhim kho cov khoom zoo ntawm cov nqaij, thiab ua kom lub sijhawm cia thiab ua kom ntev. txee lub neej. Jiang Shaotong et al. ntxiv tshuaj yej polyphenols thiab allicin rau cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab-sodium alginate composite membrane tov, thiab siv lawv los khaws cov nqaij npuas tshiab, uas tuaj yeem khaws cia ntawm 0-4 ° C rau ntau tshaj 19 hnub. Cartagena et al. tshaj tawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm collagen edible zaj duab xis ntxiv nrog nisin antimicrobial tus neeg saib xyuas ntawm kev khaws cia ntawm nqaij npuas daim kab xev, qhia tias collagen edible zaj duab xis yuav txo tau cov ya raws tsiv teb tsaws ntawm tub yees nqaij npuas slices, ncua lub rancidity ntawm nqaij cov khoom, thiab ntxiv 2 Lub collagen zaj duab xis nrog % nisin muaj cov nyhuv preservation zoo tshaj plaws. Wang Rui et al. tau kawm txog kev hloov pauv ntawm sodium alginate, chitosan thiab carboxymethyl fiber ntau los ntawm kev sib piv ntawm pH, volatile base nitrogen, redness thiab tag nrho cov colonies ntawm nqaij nyug nyob rau hauv 16 hnub ntawm cia. Peb hom edible films ntawm sodium vitamin tau siv los khaws cia lub freshness ntawm chilled nyuj. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov yeeb yaj kiab uas siv tau ntawm sodium alginate muaj qhov zoo tagnrho freshness preservation nyhuv. Caprioli et al. qhwv nqaij qaib mis nrog sodium caseinate edible zaj duab xis thiab ces muab tso rau hauv tub yees ntawm 4 ° C. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias sodium caseinate edible zaj duab xis tuaj yeem ua rau cov nqaij qaib ntxhw qeeb thaum lub tub yees. ntawm rancidity.

1.1.3.5 Daim ntawv thov hauv kev khaws cov khoom hauv dej

Qhov kev poob qis ntawm cov khoom hauv dej yog feem ntau tshwm sim hauv kev txo qis ntawm cov dej noo, qhov deterioration ntawm tsw thiab deterioration ntawm cov khoom hauv dej zoo nkauj. Lub decomposition ntawm cov khoom hauv dej, oxidation, denaturation thiab qhuav noj los ntawm microbial ntxeem tau yog txhua yam tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau lub txee lub neej ntawm cov khoom dej. Frozen cia yog ib txoj hauv kev rau kev khaws cia cov khoom hauv dej, tab sis kuj tseem yuav muaj qee qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov txheej txheem, uas yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov ntses dej tshiab.

Cov yeeb yaj kiab uas tau khaws cia ntawm cov khoom hauv dej tau pib thaum xyoo 1970s thiab tam sim no tau siv dav. Cov yeeb yaj kiab uas siv tau tuaj yeem khaws cov khoom siv dej khov khov, txo cov dej poob, thiab tseem tuaj yeem ua ke nrog cov tshuaj antioxidants los tiv thaiv cov roj oxidation, yog li ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ncua lub neej txee thiab txee lub neej. Meenatchisundaram et al. npaj cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab raws li cov khoom noj uas siv tau cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ua cov khoom noj thiab ntxiv cov txuj lom xws li clove thiab cinnamon, thiab siv rau kev khaws cov cw dawb. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab noj tau zoo tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob, ua rau muaj roj oxidation, ua kom lub neej ntev ntawm cov cw dawb hauv tub yees ntawm 10 ° C thiab 4 ° C yog ntev li 14 thiab 12 hnub, raws li . Cheng Yuanyuan thiab lwm tus tau kawm txog kev khaws cia ntawm cov tshuaj rubulan thiab nqa tawm cov ntses dej tshiab. Kev khaws cia tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob, ua rau qeeb oxidation ntawm ntses protein thiab rog, thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo khaws cia. Yunus et al. coated zaj sawv trout nrog ib tug gelatin edible zaj duab xis uas bay nplooj tseem ceeb roj tau ntxiv, thiab kawm txog cov nyhuv ntawm tub yees preservation ntawm 4 ° C. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov gelatin edible zaj duab xis tau ua haujlwm zoo hauv kev tswj xyuas qhov zoo ntawm zaj sawv trout mus txog 22 hnub. ntev. Wang Siwei et al. siv sodium alginate, chitosan thiab CMC ua cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb, ntxiv stearic acid los npaj cov kua nplaum uas siv tau, thiab siv nws los pleev xim Penaeus vannamei rau qhov tshiab. Txoj kev tshawb no tau pom tias cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw ntawm CMC thiab chitosan Cov kua dej muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo khaws cia thiab tuaj yeem txuas lub txee lub neej ntev li 2 hnub. Yang Shengping thiab lwm tus siv chitosan-tea polyphenol edible zaj duab xis rau lub tub yees thiab khaws cia ntawm cov plaub hau tshiab, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov plaub hau, ncua kev tsim cov tshuaj hydrochloric acid, thiab txuas ntxiv lub txee lub neej ntawm cov plaub hau rau. txog 12 hnub.

1.1.3.6 Daim ntawv thov hauv cov zaub mov kib

Cov zaub mov sib sib zog nqus yog cov khoom noj uas nrov tshaj plaws uas npaj txhij-ua noj nrog cov zis loj. Nws yog qhwv nrog polysaccharide thiab protein edible zaj duab xis, uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev hloov xim ntawm cov zaub mov thaum lub sijhawm kib thiab txo cov roj noj. Kev nkag mus ntawm oxygen thiab noo noo [80] Txheej kib zaub mov nrog gellan cov pos hniav tuaj yeem txo cov roj noj los ntawm 35% -63%, xws li thaum kib sashimi, nws tuaj yeem txo cov roj noj los ntawm 63%; Thaum kib qos yaj ywm chips, nws tuaj yeem txo cov roj noj los ntawm 35% -63%. Txo roj noj los ntawm 60%, thiab lwm yam. [81].

Singthong et al. ua cov yeeb yaj kiab uas siv tau ntawm polysaccharides xws li sodium alginate, carboxymethyl cellulose thiab pectin, uas tau siv rau txheej txheej ntawm cov txiv tsawb kib, thiab kawm txog cov roj nqus dej tom qab kib. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias pectin thiab carboxyl Cov txiv tsawb kib strips coated nrog methylcellulose tau pom qhov zoo ntawm kev hnov ​​​​lus zoo, ntawm cov pectin edible zaj duab xis muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws los txo cov roj nqus [82]. Holownia et al. coated HPMC thiab MC films nyob rau saum npoo ntawm kib nqaij qaib fillets los kawm txog cov kev hloov ntawm cov roj noj, pub dawb fatty acid cov ntsiab lus thiab xim tus nqi nyob rau hauv frying roj. Cov txheej txheem ua ntej tuaj yeem txo cov roj nqus thiab txhim kho roj lub neej [83]. Sheng Meixiang et al. ua cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm CMC, chitosan thiab soybean protein cais tawm, coated qos yaj ywm chips, thiab kib lawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias los kawm txog cov roj nqus, cov ntsiab lus dej, xim, cov ntsiab lus acrylamide thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov qos yaj ywm chips. , cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov taum pauv protein cais tawm cov yeeb yaj kiab muaj txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm kev txo cov roj noj ntawm cov qos yaj ywm kib, thiab chitosan edible zaj duab xis muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev txo cov ntsiab lus acrylamide [84]. Salvador et al. coated nto ntawm kib squid rings nrog nplej hmoov txhuv nplej siab, hloov pob kws starch, dextrin thiab gluten, uas yuav txhim kho lub crispness ntawm squid rings thiab txo cov roj nqus tus nqi [85].

1.1.3.7 Daim ntawv thov hauv cov khoom ci

Cov yeeb yaj kiab tuaj yeem siv los ua cov txheej txheem du los txhim kho cov tsos ntawm cov khoom ci; Nws tuaj yeem siv los ua kev tiv thaiv kev ya raws, oxygen, roj, thiab lwm yam los txhim kho lub txee lub neej ntawm cov khoom ci, piv txwv li, chitosan edible zaj duab xis yog siv rau txheej txheej khob cij Nws kuj tseem siv tau los ua cov nplaum rau cov khoom noj txom ncauj thiab khoom noj txom ncauj, Piv txwv li, roasted peanuts feem ntau coated nrog adhesives rau lub tsho tiv no ntsev thiab seasonings [87].

Christos et al. ua cov yeeb yaj kiab uas siv tau ntawm sodium alginate thiab whey protein thiab coated rau saum npoo ntawm Lactobacillus rhamnosus probiotic qhob cij. Txoj kev tshawb no qhia tau hais tias cov ciaj sia taus ntawm probiotics tau txhim kho tau zoo, tab sis ob hom qhob cij tau pom tias digestive mechanisms zoo sib xws, yog li cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus tsis hloov cov kev ntxhib los mos, tsw thiab thermophysical zog ntawm lub khob cij [88]. Panuwat et al. Ntxiv Indian gooseberry extract rau hauv methyl cellulose matrix los npaj ib zaj duab xis edible composite, thiab siv nws los khaws cov freshness ntawm roasted cashews. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw ua tau zoo tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov roasted cashews thaum khaws cia. Qhov zoo tsis zoo thiab lub txee lub neej ntawm cov pob kws cij tau txuas ntxiv mus txog 90 hnub [89]. Schou et al. ua cov pob tshab thiab hloov tau yooj yim edible zaj duab xis nrog sodium caseinate thiab glycerin, thiab kawm nws cov khoom siv kho tshuab, dej permeability thiab nws cov nyhuv ntim ntawm ci ci ci. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov yeeb yaj kiab noj tau ntawm sodium caseinate qhwv ci ci. Tom qab breading, nws hardness yuav txo tau nyob rau hauv 6 h ntawm cia ntawm chav tsev kub [90]. Du et al. siv cov txiv apple-raws li cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab cov txiv lws suav-raws li cov yeeb yaj kiab ntxiv nrog cov roj tseem ceeb los qhwv cov nqaij qaib, uas tsis tsuas yog inhibited kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob ua ntej ci nqaij qaib, tab sis kuj txhim kho qhov tsw ntawm nqaij qaib tom qab ci [91]. Javanmard et al. npaj ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab uas siv tau ntawm cov hmoov nplej nplej thiab siv nws los qhwv ci pistachio kernels. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab noj tau tuaj yeem tiv thaiv oxidative rancidity ntawm cov txiv ntoo, txhim kho cov txiv ntoo zoo, thiab ua kom lawv lub neej ntev [92]. Majid et al. siv whey protein edible zaj duab xis los npog cov txiv laum huab xeeb roasted, uas tuaj yeem ua rau kom muaj oxygen barrier, txo cov txiv laum huab xeeb rancidity, txhim kho roasted peanut brittleness, thiab ncua nws lub sij hawm cia [93].

1.1.3.8 Daim ntawv thov hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus

Kev lag luam khoom qab zib muaj cov kev xav tau siab rau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom tsis sib xws, yog li rau cov qhob noom xim kasfes thiab cov khoom qab zib nrog polished nto, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum siv cov dej-soluble edible films los hloov cov kua txheej uas muaj cov khoom tsis haum. Cov ntawv ntim khoom noj tau tuaj yeem tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv zoo ntawm cov khoom qab zib kom txo tau cov kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm cov pa thiab ya raws [19]. Daim ntawv thov ntawm whey protein edible films nyob rau hauv confectionery yuav txo tau qhov diffusion ntawm nws volatile Cheebtsam. Thaum cov khoom qab zib siv los ntim cov khoom noj roj xws li ncuav qab zib thiab txiv laum huab xeeb, cov roj yuav txav mus rau txheej txheej ntawm cov qhob noom xim kasfes, ua rau cov qhob noom xim kasfes nplaum thiab ua rau "rov qab Frost" tshwm sim, tab sis cov khoom siv sab hauv yuav qhuav, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom qab zib. hloov hauv nws qhov tsw. Ntxiv ib txheej ntawm cov khoom ntim zaj duab xis uas tuaj yeem siv nrog roj teeb meem tuaj yeem daws qhov teeb meem no [94].

Nelson et al. siv methylcellulose edible zaj duab xis los npog cov khoom qab zib uas muaj ntau yam lipids thiab pom tias tsis tshua muaj lipid permeability, yog li inhibiting qhov tshwm sim frosting hauv chocolate [95]. Meyers siv hydrogel-wax bilayer edible zaj duab xis rau zom cov pos hniav, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho nws cov adhesion, txo cov dej volatilization, thiab ncua nws lub neej txee [21]. Dej npaj los ntawm Fadini li al. Decollagen-cocoa butter edible composite zaj duab xis tau kawm rau nws cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab dej permeability, thiab nws tau siv los ua txheej rau cov khoom siv chocolate nrog cov txiaj ntsig zoo [96].

1.1.4 Cellulose-Based Edible Films

Cellulose-raws li edible zaj duab xis yog ib hom edible zaj duab xis ua los ntawm ntau tshaj cellulose thiab nws derivatives nyob rau hauv cov xwm raws li lub ntsiab raw khoom. Cellulose-raws li edible zaj duab xis yog tsw tsw thiab saj, thiab muaj zoo mechanical zog, roj barrier zog, pob tshab, yooj thiab zoo gas barrier zog. Txawm li cas los xij, vim yog qhov hydrophilic ntawm cellulose, qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm cellulose-based edible zaj duab xis yog dej kev ua tau zoo feem ntau kuj tsis zoo [82, 97-99].

Cellulose-based edible zaj duab xis ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg hauv kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus tuaj yeem tau txais cov khoom ntim khoom noj uas muaj kev ua tau zoo, thiab tuaj yeem rov siv cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg kom muaj txiaj ntsig ntxiv ntawm cov khoom. Ferreira thiab al. blended txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub residue hmoov nrog qos yaj ywm tev hmoov los npaj cov cellulose-raws li edible composite zaj duab xis, thiab siv nws rau txheej ntawm hawthorn kom khaws freshness, thiab ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo [62]. Tan Huzi et al. siv cov khoom noj fiber ntau muab rho tawm los ntawm taum dregs los ua cov khoom siv hauv paus thiab ntxiv qee qhov ntawm cov thickener los npaj cov yeeb yaj kiab uas taum fiber ntau, uas muaj cov khoom siv zoo thiab cov khoom thaiv kev tiv thaiv [100], uas yog siv los ntim cov khoom noj ceev ceev noodle seasoning. , nws yooj yim thiab noj qab haus huv rau yaj cov khoom ntim ncaj qha rau hauv dej kub.

Cov dej-soluble cellulose derivatives, xws li methyl cellulose (MC), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) thiab hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), tuaj yeem tsim cov matrix tsis tu ncua thiab feem ntau siv hauv kev tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab kev tshawb fawb. Xiao Naiyu et al. siv MC raws li lub ntsiab zaj duab xis-forming substrate, ntxiv polyethylene glycol thiab calcium chloride thiab lwm yam auxiliary cov ntaub ntawv, npaj MC edible zaj duab xis los ntawm casting txoj kev, thiab siv nws mus rau lub preservation ntawm olecranon, uas yuav prolong lub olecranon lub qhov ncauj. Lub neej txee ntawm txiv duaj yog 4.5 hnub [101]. Esmaeili et al. npaj MC edible zaj duab xis los ntawm casting thiab siv nws mus rau txheej ntawm cov nroj tsuag tseem ceeb roj microcapsules. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias MC zaj duab xis muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov roj thaiv thiab tuaj yeem siv rau kev ntim khoom noj kom tsis txhob muaj roj fatty acid spoilage [102]. Tian et al. Hloov kho MC edible films nrog stearic acid thiab unsaturated fatty acids, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho cov dej thaiv cov khoom ntawm MC edible films [103]. Lai Fengying et al. kawm txog cov nyhuv ntawm cov kuab tshuaj ntawm cov txheej txheem ua yeeb yaj kiab ntawm MC edible zaj duab xis thiab cov khoom thaiv thiab cov khoom siv ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab edible [104].

CMC daim nyias nyias muaj qhov cuam tshuam zoo rau O2, CO2 thiab roj, thiab tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam khoom noj thiab tshuaj [99]. Bifani et al. npaj CMC daim nyias nyias thiab kawm txog cov nyhuv ntawm nplooj extracts ntawm cov dej barrier zog thiab gas barrier zog ntawm daim nyias nyias. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov nplooj rho tawm tuaj yeem txhim kho cov dej noo thiab oxygen barrier zog ntawm daim nyias nyias, tab sis tsis yog rau CO2. Lub barrier zog muaj feem xyuam rau cov concentration ntawm cov extract [105]. de Moura et al. npaj chitosan nanoparticles txhawb CMC zaj duab xis, thiab kawm txog thermal stability, mechanical zog thiab dej solubility ntawm composite films. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias chitosan nanoparticles tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab thermal stability ntawm CMC films. Kev sib deev [98]. Ghanbarzadeh et al. npaj CMC edible films thiab kawm txog cov teebmeem ntawm glycerol thiab oleic acid ntawm lub physicochemical zog ntawm CMC films. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov khoom pov thawj ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab tau txhim kho zoo, tab sis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab pob tshab tau txo qis [99]. Cheng et al. npaj cov carboxymethyl cellulose-konjac glucomannan edible composite zaj duab xis, thiab kawm txog cov nyhuv ntawm xibtes roj ntawm lub physicochemical zog ntawm cov zaj duab xis composite. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov lipid microspheres me me tuaj yeem ua kom cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw ua ke. Qhov chaw hydrophobicity thiab curvature ntawm cov dej molecule permeation channel tuaj yeem txhim kho cov dej noo thaiv kev ua haujlwm ntawm daim nyias nyias [106].

HPMC muaj cov khoom ua yeeb yaj kiab zoo, thiab nws cov yeeb yaj kiab yog hloov pauv, pob tshab, tsis muaj xim thiab tsis muaj ntxhiab, thiab muaj cov khoom siv roj zoo, tab sis nws cov khoom siv thiab cov dej thaiv cov khoom yuav tsum tau txhim kho. Txoj kev tshawb no los ntawm Zuniga et al. pom tau tias thawj zaug microstructure thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm HPMC zaj duab xis-tsim kev daws teeb meem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau saum npoo thiab sab hauv ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab, thiab txoj kev cov roj tee nkag thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov qauv zaj duab xis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lub teeb xa hluav taws xob thiab kev ua haujlwm saum npoo av. zaj duab xis. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm tus neeg sawv cev tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm zaj duab xis, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov qauv saum npoo thiab cov khoom siv kho qhov muag ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab, tab sis cov khoom siv kho qhov muag thiab huab cua permeability tsis txo qis [107]. Klangmuang et al. siv cov av nplaum hloov kho cov av thiab beeswax los txhim kho thiab hloov kho HPMC edible zaj duab xis los txhim kho cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom thaiv ntawm HPMC zaj duab xis. Txoj kev tshawb no qhia tau hais tias tom qab beeswax thiab av nplaum hloov kho, cov khoom siv ntawm HPMC edible zaj duab xis tau muab piv rau cov yeeb yaj kiab edible. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom ya raws tau txhim kho [108]. Dogan et al. npaj HPMC edible zaj duab xis, thiab siv microcrystalline cellulose los txhim kho thiab hloov HPMC zaj duab xis, thiab kawm txog cov dej permeability thiab mechanical zog ntawm zaj duab xis. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov dej noo barrier ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab hloov kho tsis hloov pauv loj. , tab sis nws cov khoom siv kho tshuab tau raug kho kom zoo [109]. Choi et al. ntxiv cov nplooj oregano thiab bergamot tseem ceeb roj rau hauv HPMC matrix los npaj cov khoom noj khoom haus sib xyaw, thiab siv nws rau txheej txheej khaws cia ntawm plums tshiab. Txoj kev tshawb no tau pom tias cov yeeb yaj kiab uas siv tau tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov ua pa ntawm plums, txo qhov tsim cov ethylene, txo qhov hnyav poob, thiab txhim kho cov plums zoo [110]. Esteghlal et al. blended HPMC nrog gelatin los npaj edible composite films thiab kawm edible composite films. Lub physicochemical zog, txhua yam khoom thiab compatibility ntawm HPMC gelatin pom tau hais tias lub tensile zog ntawm HPMC gelatin composite films tsis hloov loj, uas yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv kev npaj ntawm tshuaj ntsiav [111]. Villacres et al. tau kawm txog cov khoom siv kho tshuab, cov khoom siv roj thiab cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm HPMC-cassava starch edible composite films. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw muaj cov khoom siv oxygen zoo thiab cov tshuaj tua kab mob [112]. Byun et al. npaj shellac-HPMC daim nyias nyias, thiab kawm txog cov teebmeem ntawm hom emulsifiers thiab shellac concentration ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw. Lub emulsifier txo cov dej thaiv cov khoom ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, tab sis nws cov khoom siv kho tshuab tsis txo qis; Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm shellac zoo heev txhim kho cov thermal stability ntawm HPMC daim nyias nyias, thiab nws cov nyhuv tau nce nrog qhov nce ntawm shellac concentration [113].

1.1.5 Starch-Based Edible Films

Cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab yog ib qho ntuj polymer rau kev npaj cov yeeb yaj kiab noj tau. Nws muaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw dav, tus nqi qis, biocompatibility thiab khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig, thiab tau siv dav hauv cov khoom noj thiab tshuaj lag luam [114-117]. Tsis ntev los no, kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab uas tau noj tau zoo thiab cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab uas muaj cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab rau cov zaub mov khaws cia thiab khaws cia tau tshwm sim ib tom qab [118]. High amylose starch thiab nws cov hydroxypropylated modified starch yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau kev npaj cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab raws li edible films [119]. Lub retrogradation ntawm starch yog lub ntsiab yog vim li cas rau nws lub peev xwm los tsim ib zaj duab xis. Qhov siab dua cov ntsiab lus ntawm amylose, qhov sib zog sib txuas ntawm cov khoom sib txuas, qhov yooj yim dua yog los tsim cov retrogradation, thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab, thiab qhov kawg tensile lub zog ntawm zaj duab xis. loj dua. Amylose tuaj yeem ua rau cov dej-soluble films nrog cov pa oxygen permeability tsawg, thiab cov khoom thaiv ntawm high-amylose films yuav tsis txo qis hauv qhov kub thiab txias, uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov zaub mov ntim tau zoo [120].

Starch edible zaj duab xis, tsis muaj xim thiab tsis muaj ntxhiab, muaj pob tshab, dej solubility thiab roj barrier zog, tab sis nws qhia tau hais tias muaj zog hydrophilicity thiab tsis zoo noo noo barrier zog, yog li nws yog tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov oxygen thiab roj barrier ntim [121-123]. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab raws li daim nyias nyias yog qhov yooj yim rau kev laus thiab rov qab ua dua, thiab lawv cov khoom siv kho tshuab tsis zoo [124]. Txhawm rau kov yeej cov kev tsis txaus siab saum toj no, cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab tuaj yeem hloov kho los ntawm lub cev, tshuaj, enzymatic, noob caj noob ces thiab lwm txoj hauv kev los txhim kho cov khoom ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab raws li cov yeeb yaj kiab [114].

Zhang Zhengmao et al. siv ultra-fine starch edible zaj duab xis los npog cov txiv pos nphuab thiab pom tias nws tuaj yeem txo cov dej tsis zoo, ncua kev txo cov piam thaj hauv cov ntsiab lus, thiab ua kom lub sijhawm cia ntawm strawberries [125]. Garcia et al. Hloov cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab nrog cov saw sib txawv sib txawv kom tau txais cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hloov ua kua, uas tau siv rau cov txiv pos nphuab tshiab txheej zaj duab xis khaws cia. Tus nqi thiab qhov lwj tau zoo dua li cov pab pawg uas tsis muaj coated [126]. Ghanbarzadeh et al. modified starch los ntawm citric acid cross-linking thiab tau chemically cross-linked modified starch film. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias tom qab kev hloov pauv kev sib txuas, cov khoom thaiv dej noo thiab cov khoom siv ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab tau raug txhim kho [127]. Gao Qunyu et al. nqa tawm enzymatic hydrolysis kev kho cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab tau txais cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, thiab nws cov khoom siv xws li tensile zog, elongation thiab folding kuj nce, thiab cov dej noo barrier kev ua tau zoo nce nrog kev nce ntawm enzyme lub sij hawm. zoo heev [128]. Parra et al. ntxiv tus neeg sawv cev sib txuas rau tapioca hmoov txhuv nplej siab los npaj cov yeeb yaj kiab uas siv tau nrog cov khoom siv zoo thiab cov dej vapor kis tau tus nqi qis [129]. Fonseca et al. siv sodium hypochlorite los oxidize qos yaj ywm starch thiab npaj ib zaj duab xis edible ntawm oxidized starch. Txoj kev tshawb no tau pom tias nws cov dej vapor kis tau tus nqi thiab cov dej solubility tau txo qis, uas tuaj yeem siv rau kev ntim khoom noj khoom haus dej siab [130].

Kev sib xyaw cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab nrog rau lwm cov khoom noj khoom haus polymers thiab plasticizers yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb los txhim kho cov khoom ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab raws li cov khoom noj khoom haus. Tam sim no, cov polymers uas nquag siv feem ntau yog hydrophilic colloids, xws li pectin, cellulose, seaweed polysaccharide, chitosan, carrageenan thiab xanthan gum [131].

Maria Rodriguez et al. siv qos yaj ywm starch thiab plasticizers los yog surfactants ua cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb los npaj cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab raws li cov khoom noj khoom haus, qhia tias cov yas tuaj yeem ua rau cov yeeb yaj kiab ua kom yooj yim thiab cov surfactants tuaj yeem txo cov yeeb yaj kiab stretchability [132]. Santana et al. siv nanofibers los txhim kho thiab hloov kho cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, thiab tau txais cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab raws li cov khoom noj uas muaj cov khoom siv zoo dua qub, cov khoom thaiv, thiab thermal stability [133]. Azevedo et al. compounded whey protein nrog cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thermoplastic los npaj cov khoom siv hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab, qhia tias whey protein thiab cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thermoplastic muaj zog cuam tshuam rau lub ntsej muag, thiab whey protein tuaj yeem txhim kho cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab. Dej-thaiv thiab txhua yam khoom ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab noj tau [134] Edhirej et al. npaj cov tapioca starch-based edible zaj duab xis, thiab kawm txog cov nyhuv ntawm plasticizer ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj qauv, txhua yam khoom thiab thermal zog ntawm zaj duab xis. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias hom thiab concentration ntawm plasticizer tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau tapioca starch zaj duab xis. Piv nrog rau lwm cov yas yas xws li urea thiab triethylene glycol, pectin muaj cov nyhuv plasticizing zoo tshaj plaws, thiab pectin-plasticized starch zaj duab xis muaj cov dej thaiv zoo [135]. Saberi et al. siv pea hmoov txhuv nplej siab, guar cov pos hniav thiab glycerin rau kev npaj cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv zaj duab xis thickness, ntom, cohesion, dej permeability thiab tensile zog. Guar gum Nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lub zog tensile thiab elastic modulus ntawm daim nyias nyias, thiab glycerol tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov yooj yim ntawm daim nyias nyias [136]. Ji et al. compounded chitosan thiab pob kws hmoov txhuv nplej siab, thiab ntxiv calcium carbonate nanoparticles los npaj cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab los tiv thaiv kab mob. Txoj kev tshawb no qhia tau hais tias intermolecular hydrogen bonds tau tsim los ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab chitosan, thiab cov khoom siv ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab yog thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj tua kab mob tau txhim kho [137]. Meira et al. txhim kho thiab hloov cov pob kws hmoov txhuv nplej siab tau noj cov kab mob tua kab mob nrog kaolin nanoparticles, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab thermal ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw tau raug txhim kho, thiab cov nyhuv antibacterial tsis cuam tshuam [138]. Ortega-Toro et al. ntxiv HPMC rau cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab ntxiv citric acid los npaj cov yeeb yaj kiab noj tau. Txoj kev tshawb no qhia tau hais tias qhov sib ntxiv ntawm HPMC thiab citric acid tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev laus ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab txo cov dej permeability ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab uas siv tau, tab sis cov khoom thaiv cov pa oxygen poob [139].

1.2 Polymer hydrogel

Hydrogels yog ib chav kawm ntawm hydrophilic polymers nrog peb-dimensional network qauv uas yog insoluble hauv dej tab sis tuaj yeem o los ntawm dej. Macroscopically, hydrogel muaj cov duab meej, tsis tuaj yeem ntws, thiab yog cov khoom siv. Microscopically, dej-soluble molecules tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov duab sib txawv thiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg hauv hydrogel thiab diffuse ntawm qhov sib txawv diffusion, yog li cov hydrogel nthuav tawm cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj. Cov qauv sab hauv ntawm hydrogels muaj lub zog tsawg thiab yooj yim puas. Nws yog nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev ntawm ib tug khoom thiab ib tug kua. Nws muaj qhov zoo sib xws elasticity rau cov khoom, thiab pom tseeb txawv ntawm cov khoom tiag.

1.2.1 Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm polymer hydrogels

1.2.1.1 Kev faib tawm ntawm polymer hydrogels

Polymer hydrogel yog ib tug peb-dimensional network qauv tsim los ntawm lub cev los yog tshuaj cross-linking ntawm polymer molecules [143-146]. Nws nqus dej ntau hauv dej kom o nws tus kheej, thiab tib lub sijhawm, nws tuaj yeem tswj hwm nws cov qauv peb sab thiab tsis muaj dej nyob hauv dej. dej.

Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los faib cov hydrogels. Raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom sib txuas, lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua lub cev gels thiab tshuaj gels. Lub cev gels yog tsim los ntawm cov tsis muaj zog hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic kev sib cuam tshuam, van der Waals rog thiab lub cev entanglement ntawm polymer molecular chains thiab lwm yam lub cev rog, thiab yuav hloov mus rau hauv cov kev daws teeb meem nyob rau hauv txawv txawv ib puag ncig. Nws yog hu ua reversible gel; Cov tshuaj gel feem ntau yog ib qho kev ruaj ntseg peb-dimensional network qauv tsim los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov tshuaj sib txuas xws li covalent bonds nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm tshav kub, lub teeb, pib, thiab lwm yam. Rau qhov tseeb condensate [147-149]. Lub cev gels feem ntau tsis tas yuav hloov kho tshuaj lom neeg thiab muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg tsawg, tab sis lawv cov khoom siv kho tshuab tsis zoo thiab nws nyuaj rau kev tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab sab nraud; Cov tshuaj gels feem ntau muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo dua thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab.

Raws li ntau qhov chaw, hydrogels tuaj yeem muab faib ua hluavtaws polymer hydrogels thiab natural polymer hydrogels. Synthetic polymer hydrogels yog hydrogels tsim los ntawm chemical polymerization ntawm hluavtaws polymers, feem ntau suav nrog polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl acetate, polyacrylamide, polyethylene oxide, thiab lwm yam.; natural polymer hydrogels yog Polymer hydrogels yog tsim los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm tej yam ntuj tso polymers xws li polysaccharides thiab proteins nyob rau hauv cov xwm, xws li cellulose, alginate, starch, agarose, hyaluronic acid, gelatin, thiab collagen [6, 7, 150], 151]. Natural polymer hydrogels feem ntau muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov dav, tus nqi qis thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom, thiab hluavtaws polymer hydrogels feem ntau yooj yim rau kev ua haujlwm thiab muaj cov txiaj ntsig loj.

Raws li cov lus teb sib txawv rau ib puag ncig sab nraud, hydrogels kuj tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov tshuaj hydrogels thiab ntse hydrogels. Cov tshuaj hydrogels yog qhov tsis hnov ​​​​tsw rau kev hloov pauv hauv ib puag ncig sab nraud; ntse hydrogels tuaj yeem paub qhov kev hloov me me hauv ib puag ncig sab nraud thiab tsim cov kev hloov pauv hauv lub cev thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg [152-156]. Rau qhov kub-sensitive hydrogels, lub ntim hloov nrog qhov kub ntawm ib puag ncig. Feem ntau, xws li polymer hydrogels muaj cov hydrophilic pawg xws li hydroxyl, ether thiab amide los yog hydrophobic pawg xws li methyl, ethyl thiab propyl. Qhov kub ntawm qhov chaw sab nraud tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau hydrophilic lossis hydrophobic kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm gel molecules, hydrogen bonding thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov dej molecules thiab polymer chains, yog li cuam tshuam rau qhov sib npaug ntawm cov gel system. Rau pH-sensitive hydrogels, lub kaw lus feem ntau muaj cov kua qaub-puag hloov cov pab pawg xws li carboxyl pawg, sulfonic acid pawg lossis amino pawg. Nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig hloov pH, cov pab pawg no tuaj yeem nqus los yog tso tawm cov protons, hloov cov hydrogen bonding hauv gel thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ions sab hauv thiab sab nraud, uas ua rau lub ntim hloov ntawm cov gel. Rau hluav taws xob teb, sib nqus teb thiab lub teeb-rhiab hydrogels, lawv muaj cov pab pawg ua haujlwm xws li polyelectrolytes, hlau oxides, thiab pawg photosensitive, feem. Raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm cov stimuli sab nraud, qhov system kub lossis ionization degree tau hloov, thiab tom qab ntawd cov gel ntim tau hloov los ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus zoo ib yam li kub lossis pH-sensitive hydrogel.

Raws li kev coj tus cwj pwm sib txawv, hydrogels tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov gels txias thiab cov gels thermal-induced [157]. Cold gel, hu ua txias gel rau luv luv, yog macromolecule uas muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm random coils ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Thaum lub sij hawm txias txias, vim qhov kev txiav txim ntawm intermolecular hydrogen bonds, helical fragments yog maj mam tsim, yog li ua tiav cov txheej txheem los ntawm kev daws. Kev hloov mus rau gel [158]; thermo-induced gel, hu ua thermal gel, yog macromolecule nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj hauv lub xeev ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Thaum lub sij hawm cua sov txheej txheem, peb-dimensional network qauv yog tsim los ntawm hydrophobic kev sib cuam tshuam, thiab lwm yam., yog li ua kom tiav cov gelation hloov [159], 160].

Hydrogels tseem tuaj yeem muab faib ua homopolymeric hydrogels, copolymerized hydrogels thiab interpenetrating network hydrogels raws li cov khoom sib txawv network, microscopic hydrogels thiab macroscopic hydrogels raws li qhov sib txawv gel ntau thiab tsawg, thiab biodegradable zog. Sib txawv muab faib ua degradable hydrogels thiab non-degradable hydrogels.

1.2.1.2 Daim ntawv thov ntawm ntuj polymer hydrogels

Natural polymer hydrogels muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm biocompatibility zoo, siab yooj, ntau qhov chaw, rhiab heev rau ib puag ncig, dej khaws cia thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom, thiab tau siv dav hauv biomedicine, kev ua zaub mov, kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, kev ua liaj ua teb thiab hav zoov thiab nws tau dav siv. siv hauv kev lag luam thiab lwm qhov chaw [142, 161-165].

Kev thov ntawm ntuj polymer hydrogels hauv biomedical ntsig txog teb. Natural polymer hydrogels muaj biocompatibility zoo, biodegradability, thiab tsis muaj kev phiv tshuaj lom, yog li lawv tuaj yeem siv los ua cov ntaub qhwv lub qhov txhab thiab ncaj qha mus rau tib neeg cov ntaub so ntswg, uas tuaj yeem txo qhov ntxeem tau ntawm cov kab mob hauv vitro, tiv thaiv kev poob ntawm lub cev, thiab tso cai rau oxygen. hla dhau. Txhawb kev kho qhov txhab; tuaj yeem siv los npaj cov khoom siv lo ntsiab muag, nrog rau qhov zoo ntawm kev hnav zoo, zoo oxygen permeability, thiab pab kho qhov muag kab mob [166, 167]. Natural polymers zoo ib yam li cov qauv ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg nyob thiab tuaj yeem koom nrog hauv cov metabolism hauv tib neeg lub cev, yog li cov hydrogels tuaj yeem siv los ua cov ntaub so ntswg engineering scaffold, cov ntaub so ntswg engineering pob txha mos, thiab lwm yam. Cov ntaub so ntswg engineering scaffolds tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntej. zoo li tus thiab txhaj-moulded scaffolds. Pre-molded stents siv dej tshwj xeeb peb-dimensional network qauv ntawm cov gel ua rau nws ua lub luag haujlwm txhawb nqa hauv cov ntaub so ntswg lom thaum muab qhov chaw tshwj xeeb thiab txaus rau cov hlwb, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm tes, sib txawv, thiab degradation thiab nqus los ntawm tib neeg lub cev [168]. Kev txhaj tshuaj molded stents siv cov theem hloov pauv tus cwj pwm ntawm hydrogels kom sai sai rau cov gels tom qab txhaj rau hauv lub xeev ntws, uas tuaj yeem txo qhov mob ntawm cov neeg mob [169]. Qee lub ntuj polymer hydrogels yog ib puag ncig rhiab heev, yog li lawv tau dav siv los ua cov tshuaj tswj cov ntaub ntawv tso tawm, kom cov tshuaj encapsulated hauv lawv tuaj yeem tso tawm mus rau qhov xav tau ntawm tib neeg lub cev raws sijhawm thiab ntau yam, txo cov tshuaj lom thiab sab. Cov teebmeem ntawm cov tshuaj rau tib neeg lub cev [170]

Daim ntawv thov ntawm ntuj polymer hydrogels hauv cov zaub mov ntsig txog teb. Natural polymer hydrogels yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm tib neeg peb pluas noj ib hnub, xws li qee cov khoom qab zib, khoom qab zib, nqaij hloov, yogurt thiab ice cream. Nws feem ntau yog siv los ua khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho nws lub cev thiab muab nws saj zoo. Piv txwv li, nws yog siv raws li ib tug thickener nyob rau hauv kua zaub thiab kua ntses, raws li ib tug emulsifier nyob rau hauv kua txiv, thiab raws li ib tug suspending neeg sawv cev. Nyob rau hauv cov mis nyuj haus, raws li ib tug gelling neeg sawv cev nyob rau hauv puddings thiab aspics, raws li ib tug meej tus neeg saib xyuas thiab ua npuas ncauj stabilizer nyob rau hauv npias, raws li ib tug syneresis inhibitor nyob rau hauv cheese, raws li ib tug binder nyob rau hauv sausages, raws li starch retrogradation Inhibitors yog siv nyob rau hauv qhob cij thiab butter [171-174. ]. Los ntawm Phau Ntawv Qhia Khoom Noj Khoom Noj, nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias muaj ntau ntawm cov khoom siv roj ntsha polymer uas tau pom zoo ua zaub mov ntxiv rau kev ua zaub mov [175]. Natural polymer hydrogels yog siv los ua khoom noj khoom haus fortifiers hauv kev txhim kho cov khoom noj qab haus huv thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo, xws li cov khoom noj khoom haus fiber ntau, siv rau hauv cov khoom poob phaus thiab cov khoom tiv thaiv cem quav [176, 177]; raws li prebiotics, lawv tau siv hauv cov khoom kho mob colonic thiab cov khoom siv los tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav [178]; natural polymer hydrogels tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom siv tau los yog degradable coatings los yog cov yeeb yaj kiab, uas tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov khoom ntim khoom noj, xws li cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub khaws cia, los ntawm txheej rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub ntawm qhov chaw, nws tuaj yeem ua kom lub neej ntev. ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub thiab khaws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub tshiab thiab sib tw; nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom ntim rau cov khoom noj yooj yim xws li cov hnyuv ntxwm thiab cov khoom noj kom yooj yim ntxuav [179, 180].

Daim ntawv thov ntawm ntuj polymer hydrogels hauv lwm cov teb. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov khoom siv niaj hnub, nws tuaj yeem muab ntxiv rau kev kho mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij los yog tshuaj pleev ib ce, uas tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog tiv thaiv cov khoom kom qhuav hauv qhov chaw cia, tab sis kuj tseem ua kom lub ntsej muag moisturizing thiab moisturizing ntawm daim tawv nqaij; nws tuaj yeem siv rau styling, moisturizing thiab maj mam tso cov fragrances hauv kev zoo nkauj pleev; Nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov khoom siv niaj hnub xws li cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov pawm [181]. Hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, nws tuaj yeem siv los tiv thaiv drought thiab tiv thaiv cov noob thiab txo kev siv zog; raws li tus neeg sawv cev txheej rau cov noob cog, nws tuaj yeem ua rau kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov noob; thaum siv cov noob hloov, nws tuaj yeem ua rau kom muaj sia nyob ntawm cov noob; tshuaj tua kab, txhim kho kev siv thiab txo cov pa phem [182, 183]. Hais txog ib puag ncig, nws yog siv los ua flocculant thiab adsorbent rau kev kho dej phwj tuaj uas feem ntau muaj cov hlau hnyav ions, cov tshuaj tsw qab thiab cov dyes los tiv thaiv cov khoom siv dej thiab txhim kho ib puag ncig [184]. Hauv kev lag luam, nws yog siv los ua tus neeg saib xyuas lub cev qhuav dej, cov roj nplua nyeem, cov khoom siv cable qhwv, cov khoom sib khi thiab cov khoom txias cia, thiab lwm yam. [185].

1.2.2 Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose thermogel

Cellulose yog lub ntuj macromolecular compound uas tau kawm ntxov tshaj plaws, muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog tib neeg, thiab muaj ntau tshaj plaws hauv cov xwm txheej. Nws yog dav nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag siab dua, algae thiab kab mob kab mob [186, 187]. Cellulose tau maj mam nyiam cov xim vim nws qhov chaw dav, tus nqi qis, rov ua dua tshiab, biodegradable, nyab xeeb, tsis muaj tshuaj lom, thiab zoo biocompatibility [188].

1.2.2.1 Cellulose thiab nws cov ether derivatives

Cellulose yog ib tug linear ntev-chain polymer tsim los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm D-anhydroglucose structural units los ntawm β-1,4 glycosidic bonds [189-191]. Insoluble. Tsuas yog ib pab pawg kawg ntawm txhua qhov kawg ntawm cov saw hlau molecular, muaj peb pawg polar hydroxyl nyob rau hauv txhua chav tsev qabzib, uas tuaj yeem tsim ntau cov intramolecular thiab intermolecular hydrogen bonds nyob rau hauv qee yam mob; thiab cellulose yog polycyclic qauv, thiab cov saw molecular yog semi-rigid. Cov saw, siab crystallinity, thiab cov qauv tsis tu ncua, yog li nws muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm qib siab ntawm polymerization, zoo molecular orientation, thiab tshuaj stability [83, 187]. Txij li cov saw cellulose muaj ntau pawg hydroxyl, nws tuaj yeem hloov kho los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev xws li esterification, oxidation, thiab etherification kom tau txais cellulose derivatives nrog cov khoom siv zoo heev [192, 193].

Cellulose derivatives yog ib qho ntawm cov tshawb fawb ntxov tshaj plaws thiab tsim cov khoom lag luam hauv thaj chaw ntawm polymer chemistry. Lawv yog cov khoom siv tshuaj zoo polymer nrog ntau yam kev siv, uas yog hloov kho los ntawm ntuj polymer cellulose. Ntawm lawv, cellulose ethers tau dav siv. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv raw khoom hauv kev lag luam [194].

Muaj ntau ntau hom cellulose ethers, txhua yam uas feem ntau muaj lawv cov khoom tshwj xeeb thiab zoo heev, thiab tau siv dav hauv ntau yam xws li zaub mov thiab tshuaj [195]. MC yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm cellulose ether nrog methyl pawg. Nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm kev hloov pauv, nws tuaj yeem yaj hauv dilute alkaline tov, dej, cawv thiab aromatic hydrocarbon hnyav nyob rau hauv lem, qhia tshwj xeeb thermal gel zog. [196]. CMC yog anionic cellulose ether tau los ntawm ntuj cellulose los ntawm alkalization thiab acidification.

Nws yog feem ntau siv thiab siv cellulose ether, uas yog soluble hauv dej [197]. HPC, hydroxyalkyl cellulose ether tau los ntawm alkalizing thiab etherifying cellulose, muaj cov thermoplasticity zoo thiab tseem muaj cov khoom siv thermal gel, thiab nws cov gel kub tau cuam tshuam los ntawm qib ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov pauv [198]. HPMC, ib qho tseem ceeb sib xyaw ether, kuj muaj cov khoom siv thermal gel, thiab nws cov khoom gel muaj feem xyuam rau ob qho kev hloov pauv thiab lawv qhov sib piv [199].

1.2.2.2 Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose qauv

Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), cov qauv molecular yog pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 1-3, yog ib qho uas tsis yog-ionic dej-soluble cellulose tov ether. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv etherification ntawm methyl chloride thiab propylene oxide yog nqa tawm kom tau txais [200,201], thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib npaug yog qhia hauv daim duab 1-4.

Muaj hydroxy propoxy (-[OCH2CH(CH3)] n OH), methoxy (-OCH3) thiab cov pab pawg hydroxyl uas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov qauv ntawm HPMC tib lub sijhawm, thiab nws qhov kev ua tau zoo yog qhov kev xav ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ntau pawg. [202]. Qhov sib piv ntawm ob tus neeg hloov pauv yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov sib piv loj ntawm ob tus neeg ua haujlwm etherifying, qhov concentration thiab loj ntawm sodium hydroxide, thiab qhov loj piv ntawm etherifying agents ib chav tsev loj ntawm cellulose [203]. Hydroxy propoxy yog ib pab pawg neeg nquag, uas tuaj yeem ua ntxiv alkylated thiab hydroxy alkylated; pawg no yog ib pab pawg hydrophilic nrog cov saw ntev ntev, uas ua lub luag haujlwm hauv plasticizing hauv cov saw hlau. Methoxy yog qhov kawg-capping pab pawg, uas ua rau inactivation ntawm qhov chaw tshuaj tiv thaiv tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv; pawg no yog ib pawg hydrophobic thiab muaj cov qauv luv luv [204, 205]. Unreacted thiab tshiab qhia cov pab pawg hydroxyl tuaj yeem hloov pauv mus ntxiv, ua rau muaj cov qauv tshuaj lom neeg yooj yim kawg, thiab HPMC cov khoom sib txawv hauv qee qhov ntau. Rau HPMC, ib qho me me ntawm kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem ua rau nws cov khoom physicochemical sib txawv [206], piv txwv li, physicochemical zog ntawm methoxy siab thiab qis hydroxypropyl HPMC yog ze rau MC; Kev ua tau zoo ntawm HPMC yog ze rau ntawm HPC.

1.2.2.3 Cov khoom ntawm hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

(1) Thermogelability ntawm HPMC

Lub HPMC saw muaj cov yam ntxwv hydration-dehydration vim yog kev qhia txog hydrophobic-methyl thiab hydrophilic-hydroxypropyl pawg. Nws maj mam dhau gelation hloov dua siab tshiab thaum rhuab, thiab rov qab mus rau lub xeev daws tom qab txias. Uas yog, nws muaj thermally induced gel zog, thiab gelation tshwm sim yog ib tug reversible tab sis tsis zoo tib yam txheej txheem.

Hais txog cov txheej txheem gelation ntawm HPMC, nws tau lees paub tias nyob rau hauv qis qis (hauv qab qhov kub ntawm gelation), HPMC hauv cov tshuaj thiab cov polar dej molecules raug khi ua ke los ntawm hydrogen bonds los ua ib qho hu ua "birdcage"-zoo li supramolecular qauv. Muaj qee qhov yooj yim entanglements ntawm molecular chains ntawm hydrated HPMC, tsis li ntawd, muaj ob peb lwm yam kev cuam tshuam. Thaum qhov kub thiab txias, HPMC thawj zaug nqus lub zog los rhuav tshem cov khoom sib txuas ntawm cov hydrogen ntawm cov dej molecules thiab HPMC molecules, rhuav tshem lub tawb zoo li cov qauv molecular, maj mam poob cov dej khi ntawm cov saw molecular, thiab nthuav tawm hydroxypropyl thiab methoxy pawg. Raws li qhov kub thiab txias tseem nce ntxiv (kom ncav cuag qhov kub ntawm cov gel), HPMC cov molecules maj mam tsim ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm peb sab los ntawm lub koom haum hydrophobic, HPMC gels nws thiaj li tsim [160, 207, 208].

Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov ntsev inorganic muaj qee qhov cuam tshuam rau gel kub ntawm HPMC, qee qhov txo cov gel kub vim salting tawm phenomenon, thiab lwm yam ua rau kom cov gel kub vim ntsev dissolution tshwm sim [209]. Nrog rau kev ntxiv ntsev xws li NaCl, qhov tshwm sim ntawm salting tawm tshwm sim thiab gel kub ntawm HPMC txo [210, 211]. Tom qab cov ntsev ntxiv rau HPMC, cov dej molecules muaj ntau inclined mus ua ke nrog ntsev ions, kom cov hydrogen bond ntawm dej molecules thiab HPMC raug puas tsuaj, cov dej txheej nyob ib ncig ntawm lub HPMC molecules yog noj, thiab cov HPMC molecules yuav tso tawm sai sai rau. hydrophobicity. Kev sib koom tes, qhov kub ntawm gel tsim maj mam txo. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, thaum cov ntsev xws li NaSCN tau ntxiv, qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntsev yaj tshwm sim thiab qhov kub ntawm HPMC nce [212]. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov txo qis ntawm anions ntawm cov gel kub yog: SO42−> S2O32−> H2PO4−> F−> Cl−> Br−> NO3−> I−> ClO4−> SCN−, qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cations ntawm lub gel kub nce yog: Li+ > Na+ > K+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > Ba2+ [213].

Thaum qee cov organic me me molecules xws li monohydric alcohols uas muaj cov pab pawg hydroxyl ntxiv, gel kub nce nrog qhov nce ntawm qhov sib ntxiv, qhia tau tias tus nqi siab tshaj plaws thiab tom qab ntawd txo qis kom txog thaum kev sib cais tshwm sim [214, 215]. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim nws qhov hnyav molecular, uas yog piv rau cov dej molecules nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov loj, thiab tuaj yeem ua tiav molecular-theem miscibility tom qab compounding.

(2) Solubility ntawm HPMC

HPMC muaj dej kub insoluble thiab dej txias-soluble zog zoo ib yam li MC, tab sis yuav muab faib ua txias dispersion hom thiab kub dispersion hom raws li sib txawv dej solubility [203]. Cold-dispersed HPMC tuaj yeem tawg sai sai hauv dej hauv dej txias, thiab nws cov viscosity nce tom qab lub sijhawm, thiab nws tau yaj hauv dej tiag tiag; Thaum tshav kub kub-dispersed HPMC, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, qhia agglomeration thaum ntxiv dej ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, tab sis nws nyuaj rau ntxiv. Hauv cov dej kub kub, HPMC tuaj yeem tawg sai sai, thiab cov viscosity nce tom qab qhov kub thiab txias, dhau los ua HPMC aqueous tov. Lub solubility ntawm HPMC nyob rau hauv dej muaj feem xyuam rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm methoxy pawg, uas yog insoluble nyob rau hauv cov dej kub siab tshaj 85 ° C, 65 ° C thiab 60 ° C los ntawm siab mus rau qis. Feem ntau hais lus, HPMC yog insoluble nyob rau hauv cov organic solvents xws li acetone thiab chloroform, tab sis soluble nyob rau hauv ethanol aqueous tov thiab tov organic tov.

(3) Ntsev kam rau ntawm HPMC

Qhov tsis-ionic xwm ntawm HPMC ua rau nws tsis tuaj yeem ionized hauv dej, yog li nws yuav tsis hnov ​​​​mob nrog cov hlau ions los nag. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm ntsev yuav cuam tshuam qhov kub ntawm qhov HPMC gel tsim. Thaum cov ntsev concentration nce, gel kub ntawm HPMC txo; Thaum cov ntsev concentration qis dua qhov taw tes flocculation, qhov viscosity ntawm HPMC cov tshuaj tuaj yeem nce ntxiv, yog li hauv daim ntawv thov, lub hom phiaj ntawm thickening tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev ntxiv cov ntsev tsim nyog [210, 216].

(4) Acid thiab alkali tsis kam ntawm HPMC

Feem ntau, HPMC muaj zog acid-base stability thiab tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm pH ntawm pH 2-12. HPMC qhia tau hais tias tsis kam mus rau qee yam ntawm cov kua qaub diluted, tab sis qhia tau hais tias muaj kev nyiam los txo qis hauv cov kua qaub rau cov kua qaub; alkalis tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig rau nws, tab sis tuaj yeem nce me ntsis thiab tom qab ntawd maj mam txo cov tshuaj viscosity [217, 218].

(5) Kev cuam tshuam ntawm HPMC viscosity

HPMC yog pseudoplastic, nws cov tshuaj yog ruaj khov nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, thiab nws viscosity cuam tshuam los ntawm molecular hnyav, concentration thiab kub. Nyob rau tib lub concentration, qhov siab dua ntawm HPMC molecular hnyav, qhov siab dua qhov viscosity; rau tib yam khoom hnyav molecular, qhov siab dua ntawm HPMC concentration, siab dua qhov viscosity; Lub viscosity ntawm HPMC cov khoom txo qis nrog qhov nce ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thiab nce mus txog qhov kub ntawm cov gel, nrog rau kev nce siab ntawm viscosity vim gelation [9, 219, 220].

(6) Lwm yam khoom ntawm HPMC

HPMC muaj zog tsis kam mus rau enzymes, thiab nws cov enzymes kuj nce nrog rau qib ntawm kev hloov. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom lag luam muaj qhov ruaj khov zoo dua thaum khaws cia dua li lwm cov khoom qab zib [189, 212]. HPMC muaj qee yam emulsifying zog. Hydrophobic methoxy pawg tuaj yeem raug adsorbed rau saum npoo ntawm cov roj theem hauv emulsion los ua ib txheej tuab adsorption, uas tuaj yeem ua raws li cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv; dej-soluble hydroxyl pawg tuaj yeem ua ke nrog dej los txhim kho cov theem txuas ntxiv. Viscosity, inhibits coalescence ntawm lub dispersed theem, txo qhov nro nto, thiab stabilizes emulsion [221]. HPMC tuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog cov dej-soluble polymers xws li gelatin, methylcellulose, locust taum gum, carrageenan thiab cov pos hniav arabic los ua ib qho kev daws teeb meem thiab pob tshab, thiab tuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog cov yas xws li glycerin thiab polyethylene glycol. [200, 201, 214] ib.

1.2.2.4 Cov teeb meem uas muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov ntawm hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

Ua ntej, tus nqi siab txwv tsis pub siv dav ntawm HPMC. Txawm hais tias HPMC zaj duab xis muaj qhov pom zoo, roj teeb thaiv cov khoom thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tus nqi siab (kwv yees li 100,000 / ton) txwv nws daim ntawv thov dav, txawm tias nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv tshuaj ntau dua li cov tshuaj ntsiav. Qhov laj thawj vim li cas HPMC thiaj li kim yog thawj zaug vim tias cov khoom siv cellulose siv los npaj HPMC kuj kim heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, ob pawg neeg hloov pauv, pawg hydroxypropyl thiab pawg methoxy, yog grafted ntawm HPMC tib lub sijhawm, uas ua rau nws txoj kev npaj nyuaj heev. Complex, yog li HPMC cov khoom kim dua.

Qhov thib ob, qhov tsis muaj viscosity thiab qis gel lub zog ntawm HPMC ntawm qhov kub thiab txias txo nws txoj kev ua haujlwm hauv ntau daim ntawv thov. HPMC yog lub thermal gel, uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub xeev cov tshuaj uas muaj viscosity tsawg heev ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thiab muaj peev xwm tsim ib tug khov-zoo li gel nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias, yog li cov txheej txheem xws li txheej, txau thiab dipping yuav tsum tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv high kub. . Txwv tsis pub, cov kev daws teeb meem yuav yooj yim ntws mus, ua rau tsim cov khoom siv tsis zoo ntawm zaj duab xis, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom. Xws li kub kub ua haujlwm nce qhov nyuaj coefficient ntawm kev ua haujlwm, ua rau muaj kev siv zog ntau lawm thiab cov nqi tsim khoom siab.

1.2.3 Hydroxypropyl starch txias gel

Cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab yog lub ntuj tsim cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke los ntawm photosynthesis ntawm cov nroj tsuag hauv ib puag ncig ntuj. Nws cov ntsiab lus polysaccharides feem ntau yog khaws cia rau hauv cov noob thiab tubers ntawm cov nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm granules ua ke nrog cov proteins, fibers, roj, suab thaj thiab minerals. los yog hauv paus [222]. Cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab tsis yog tsuas yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub zog noj rau tib neeg xwb, tab sis kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv raw. Vim nws qhov chaw dav, tus nqi qis, ntsuab, ntuj thiab rov ua dua tshiab, nws tau siv dav hauv cov khoom noj thiab tshuaj, fermentation, papermaking, textile thiab roj av kev lag luam [223].

1.2.3.1 Starch thiab nws cov derivatives

Cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab yog lub ntuj siab polymer uas nws chav tsev yog α-D-anhydroglucose unit. Cov chav sib txawv yog txuas nrog glycosidic bonds, thiab nws cov qauv molecular yog (C6H10O5) n. Ib feem ntawm cov saw hlau molecular hauv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab yog txuas nrog α-1,4 glycosidic bonds, uas yog linear amylose; Lwm qhov ntawm cov saw molecular txuas nrog α-1,6 glycosidic bonds ntawm lub hauv paus no, uas yog branched amylopectin [224]. Nyob rau hauv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab granules, muaj crystalline cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv uas molecules yog teem nyob rau hauv ib tug kom meej kev npaj thiab amorphous cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv uas molecules yog teem tsis sib xws. ib feem muaj pes tsawg leeg. Tsis muaj ciam teb meej meej ntawm thaj tsam crystalline thiab thaj tsam amorphous, thiab amylopectin molecules tuaj yeem hla ntau thaj tsam crystalline thiab thaj chaw amorphous. Raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, cov qauv polysaccharide hauv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab txawv nrog cov nroj tsuag thiab cov chaw [225].

Txawm hais tias cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb raw cov ntaub ntawv rau kev tsim khoom vim nws qhov dav thiab cov khoom siv dua tshiab, cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab feem ntau muaj qhov tsis zoo xws li cov dej tsis zoo solubility thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab tsim cov khoom, tsis tshua muaj emulsifying thiab gelling peev xwm, thiab tsis txaus stability. Txhawm rau nthuav dav nws cov ntawv thov, cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab feem ntau yog hloov kho physicochemically hloov nws mus rau cov ntawv thov sib txawv [38, 114]. Muaj peb pawg hydroxyl dawb ntawm txhua chav tsev piam thaj hauv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab. Cov pawg hydroxyl no muaj zog heev thiab muaj cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab nrog cov khoom zoo ib yam li polyols, uas muaj peev xwm ua rau cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab denaturation.

Tom qab kev hloov kho, qee cov khoom ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab tau raug txhim kho kom zoo dua qub, kov yeej kev siv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, yog li hloov cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam tam sim no [226]. Oxidized hmoov txhuv nplej siab yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau siv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hloov nrog cov thev naus laus zis. Piv nrog cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab oxidized yooj yim dua rau gelatinize. Qhov zoo ntawm siab adhesion. Esterified starch yog cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab uas tsim los ntawm esterification ntawm hydroxyl pawg hauv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab. Kev hloov pauv qis heev tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov khoom ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ib txwm muaj. Lub pob tshab thiab zaj duab xis-forming zog ntawm starch paste yog pom tseeb txhim kho. Etherified starch yog etherification cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm hydroxyl pawg nyob rau hauv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab molecules los tsim polystarch ether, thiab nws cov retrogradation tsis muaj zog. Nyob rau hauv qhov muaj zog alkaline tej yam kev mob uas oxidized starch thiab esterified starch tsis tuaj yeem siv, ether daim ntawv cog lus kuj tseem nyob ruaj khov. Nws yooj yim rau hydrolysis. Acid-modified starch, cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab tau kho nrog cov kua qaub kom nce cov ntsiab lus amylose, ua rau muaj kev txhim kho retrogradation thiab starch paste. Nws yog cov pob tshab thiab tsim cov khoom gel thaum txias [114].

1.2.3.2 Hydroxypropyl starch qauv

Hydroxypropyl starch (HPS), uas nws cov qauv molecular tau qhia hauv daim duab 1-4, yog cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab uas tsis yog ionic ether, uas yog npaj los ntawm etherification cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm propylene oxide nrog cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab nyob rau hauv alkaline tej yam kev mob [223, 227, 228], thiab nws Kev sib npaug tshuaj lom neeg muaj nyob hauv daim duab 1-6.

Thaum lub sij hawm synthesis ntawm HPS, ntxiv rau reacting nrog hmoov txhuv nplej siab los tsim hydroxypropyl starch, propylene oxide kuj tuaj yeem hnov ​​​​mob nrog hydroxypropyl hmoov txhuv nplej siab los tsim polyoxypropyl sab chains. degree ntawm kev hloov. Degree ntawm kev hloov pauv (DS) yog hais txog qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov pab pawg hydroxyl hloov ib pawg glucosyl. Feem ntau ntawm cov pawg glucosyl ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab muaj 3 pawg hydroxyl uas tuaj yeem hloov tau, yog li qhov siab tshaj plaws DS yog 3. Molar degree ntawm kev hloov pauv (MS) yog hais txog qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov neeg hloov pauv ib mole ntawm glucosyl pawg [223, 229]. Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydroxypropylation, cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab granule morphology, thiab qhov piv ntawm amylose rau amylopectin nyob rau hauv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ib txwm cuam tshuam qhov loj ntawm MS.

1.2.3.3 Cov khoom ntawm hydroxypropyl starch

(1) Txias gelation ntawm HPS

Rau qhov kub HPS hmoov txhuv nplej siab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov kab ke uas muaj cov ntsiab lus amylose siab, thaum lub sij hawm txias, cov amylose molecular chains nyob rau hauv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab entangle nrog ib leeg los tsim ib tug peb-dimensional network qauv, thiab qhia pom tseeb khoom zoo li tus cwj pwm. Nws dhau los ua ib qho elastomer, tsim cov gel, thiab tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau lub xeev kev daws teeb meem tom qab rov ua kom sov, uas yog, nws muaj cov khoom txias gel, thiab qhov tshwm sim gel no muaj cov khoom rov qab [228].

Lub gelatinized amylose yog txuas ntxiv coiled los tsim ib coaxial ib leeg helical qauv. Sab nraud ntawm cov qauv helical ib leeg yog pawg hydrophilic, thiab sab hauv yog kab noj hniav hydrophobic. Thaum qhov kub thiab txias, HPS muaj nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj aqueous li random coils los ntawm qee qhov ib feem helical stretch. Thaum qhov kub thiab txias qis, cov hydrogen bonds ntawm HPS thiab dej tau tawg, cov qauv dej ploj, thiab cov hydrogen bonds ntawm molecular chains tau ua tsis tu ncua, thaum kawg tsim peb-dimensional network gel qauv. Lub sijhawm ua tiav hauv cov gel network ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab yog cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab seem lossis cov khoom tawg tom qab gelatinization, thiab kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm qee cov amylopectin kuj pab tsim cov gel [230-232].

(2) Hydrophilicity ntawm HPS

Kev taw qhia ntawm cov pab pawg hydrophilic hydroxypropyl tsis muaj zog ntawm hydrogen bonds ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, txhawb kev txav ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab los yog ntu, thiab txo qhov kub ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab microcrystals; Cov qauv ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab tau hloov pauv, thiab cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab saum npoo ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab yog ntxhib Raws li qhov kub thiab txias, qee qhov tawg lossis qhov tshwm sim, kom cov dej molecules tuaj yeem nkag mus rau sab hauv ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, ua rau cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab yooj yim rau o thiab gelatinize, yog li cov gelatinization kub ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab txo. Raws li qib ntawm kev hloov pauv nce, gelatinization kub ntawm hydroxypropyl starch txo qis, thiab thaum kawg nws tuaj yeem o hauv dej txias. Tom qab hydroxypropylation, flowability, tsis tshua muaj kub stability, pob tshab, solubility, thiab zaj duab xis-forming zog ntawm starch pastes tau txhim kho [233-235].

(3) Kev ruaj ntseg ntawm HPS

HPS yog non-ionic starch ether nrog kev ruaj ntseg siab. Thaum muaj tshuaj lom neeg xws li hydrolysis, oxidation, thiab kev sib txuas sib txuas, ether daim ntawv cog lus yuav tsis tawg thiab cov khoom hloov pauv yuav tsis poob. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom ntawm HPS yog qhov cuam tshuam tsawg dua los ntawm electrolytes thiab pH, kom ntseeg tau tias nws tuaj yeem siv tau rau ntau yam acid-base pH [236-238].

1.2.3.4 Kev siv HPS hauv kev ua zaub mov thiab tshuaj

HPS yog non-toxic thiab tasteless, nrog zoo digestion kev ua tau zoo thiab kuj tsis tshua muaj hydrolyzate viscosity. Nws tau lees paub tias yog kev nyab xeeb hloov cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws. Thaum ntxov li xyoo 1950, Tebchaws Meskas tau pom zoo hydroxypropyl starch rau kev siv ncaj qha rau hauv cov zaub mov [223, 229, 238]. HPS yog cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hloov tau dav siv hauv cov zaub mov, feem ntau yog siv los ua cov khoom ua kom tuab, tshem tawm tus neeg sawv cev thiab stabilizer.

Nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov khoom noj yooj yim thiab cov khoom noj khov xws li dej haus, dej khov, thiab jams; nws tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov pos hniav uas muaj nqi siab xws li gelatin; nws tuaj yeem ua rau hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab uas siv tau thiab siv los ua cov txheej txheem zaub mov thiab ntim khoom [229, 236].

HPS feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev lag luam tshuaj raws li kev muab tshuaj, binders rau cov qoob loo tshuaj, disintegrants rau cov ntsiav tshuaj, cov ntaub ntawv rau cov tshuaj mos mos thiab tawv capsules, tshuaj coatings, anti-condensing agents rau dag cov ntshav liab thiab plasma thickeners, thiab lwm yam. [239] .

1.3 Polymer Compounding

Cov ntaub ntawv polymer yog dav siv nyob rau hauv txhua yam ntawm lub neej thiab yog indispensable thiab tseem ceeb cov ntaub ntawv. Kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis ua rau tib neeg cov kev xav tau ntau dua thiab ntau haiv neeg, thiab feem ntau nyuaj rau cov khoom siv polymer ib leeg kom tau raws li ntau hom kev thov ntawm tib neeg. Kev sib xyaw ntawm ob lossis ntau dua polymers yog qhov kev lag luam zoo tshaj plaws kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv polymer nrog tus nqi qis, kev ua haujlwm zoo, kev ua haujlwm yooj yim thiab siv dav, uas tau nyiam cov neeg tshawb nrhiav ntau thiab tau them nyiaj ntau dua [240-242] .

1.3.1 Lub hom phiaj thiab txoj kev ntawm polymer compounding

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm polymer compounding: (l) Ua kom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv. Cov polymers sib txawv yog sib xyaw ua ke, yog li cov khoom siv zaum kawg khaws cov khoom zoo ntawm ib qho macromolecule, kawm los ntawm ib leeg lub zog thiab ua tiav nws qhov tsis muaj zog, thiab txhim kho cov khoom zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymer. (2) Txo cov nqi khoom siv. Qee cov ntaub ntawv polymer muaj cov khoom zoo heev, tab sis lawv kim heev. Yog li ntawd, lawv tuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog lwm cov polymers pheej yig kom txo cov nqi yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev siv. (3) Txhim kho cov khoom ua haujlwm zoo. Qee cov ntaub ntawv muaj cov khoom zoo heev tab sis nyuaj rau kev ua haujlwm, thiab tsim nyog lwm cov polymers tuaj yeem ntxiv los txhim kho lawv cov khoom ua haujlwm. (4) Txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau qee yam khoom ntawm cov khoom siv. Txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv hauv ib qho tshwj xeeb, lwm cov polymer yog siv los hloov kho nws. (5) Tsim cov haujlwm tshiab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.

Cov txheej txheem kev sib xyaw polymer feem ntau: (l) Melting compounding. Raws li kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov khoom siv sib xyaw, cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov polymers yog rhuab mus rau saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm qhov kub thiab txias rau kev sib xyaw, thiab tom qab ntawd txias thiab granulated tom qab compounding. (2) Kev kho dua tshiab. Ob qho khoom sib xyaw yog nplawm thiab sib xyaw los ntawm kev siv cov kuab tshuaj sib txawv, lossis cov kuab tshuaj sib txawv sib txawv yog nplawm sib npaug, thiab tom qab ntawd cov kuab tshuaj raug tshem tawm kom tau txais cov khoom siv polymer. (3) Emulsion compounding. Tom qab nplawm thiab sib tov sib txawv polymer emulsions ntawm tib hom emulsifier, ib coagulant ntxiv rau co-precipitate lub polymer kom tau ib tug polymer compound. (4) Copolymerization thiab compounding. Xws li graft copolymerization, thaiv copolymerization thiab reactive copolymerization, cov txheej txheem compounding yog nrog rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. (5) Kev sib txuas network [10].

1.3.2 Compounding ntawm ntuj polysaccharides

Ntuj polysaccharides yog ib chav kawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymer hauv cov xwm txheej, uas feem ntau yog hloov kho thiab nthuav tawm ntau yam khoom zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, ib leeg cov ntaub ntawv polysaccharide feem ntau muaj qee qhov kev txwv kev ua haujlwm, yog li cov polysaccharides sib txawv feem ntau sib xyaw kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua kom tiav cov txiaj ntsig kev ua tau zoo ntawm txhua yam thiab nthuav dav ntawm daim ntawv thov. Thaum ntxov li xyoo 1980, kev tshawb fawb txog kev sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom sib txawv ntawm ntuj polysaccharides tau nce ntau [243]. Cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm lub ntuj polysaccharide compound system nyob rau hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws feem ntau tsom rau cov compound system ntawm curdlan thiab non-curdlan thiab cov compound system ntawm ob hom non-curd polysaccharide.

1.3.2.1 Kev faib tawm ntawm ntuj polysaccharide hydrogels

Ntuj polysaccharides tuaj yeem muab faib ua curdlan thiab non-curdlan raws li lawv lub peev xwm los tsim cov gels. Qee cov polysaccharides tuaj yeem tsim cov gels los ntawm lawv tus kheej, yog li lawv hu ua curdlan, xws li carrageenan, thiab lwm yam; Lwm tus tsis muaj cov khoom gelling lawv tus kheej, thiab hu ua non-curd polysaccharides, xws li xanthan gum.

Hydrogels tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm kev ua kom lub ntuj curdlan nyob rau hauv cov kua dej aqueous. Raws li cov thermoreversibility ntawm qhov tshwm sim gel thiab qhov kub thiab txias nyob ntawm nws cov qauv, nws tuaj yeem faib ua plaub hom hauv qab no [244]:

(1) Cryogel, polysaccharide tov tsuas tuaj yeem tau gel ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, xws li carrageenan.

(2) Thermally induced gel, polysaccharide tov tsuas tuaj yeem tau gel ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, xws li glucomannan.

(3) Cov tshuaj polysaccharide tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog tau txais gel ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, tab sis kuj tau txais gel ntawm qhov kub siab dua, tab sis nthuav tawm cov tshuaj hauv lub xeev ntawm qhov kub nruab nrab.

(4) Cov tshuaj tsuas tuaj yeem tau gel ntawm qhov kub thiab txias hauv nruab nrab. Txawv ntuj curdlan muaj nws tus kheej qhov tseem ceeb (tsawg kawg) concentration, saum toj no cov gel tau txais. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov gel muaj feem xyuam rau qhov ntev ntawm cov saw hlau polysaccharide molecular; Lub zog ntawm cov gel yog cuam tshuam zoo heev los ntawm cov concentration thiab molecular hnyav ntawm cov tshuaj, thiab feem ntau, lub zog ntawm cov gel nce raws li qhov concentration nce [245].

1.3.2.2 Compound system ntawm curdlan thiab non-curdlan

Compounding non-curdlan nrog curdlan feem ntau txhim kho lub zog gel ntawm polysaccharides [246]. Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov pos hniav konjac thiab carrageenan txhim khu kev ruaj ntseg thiab gel elasticity ntawm cov khoom sib txuas gel network, thiab txhim kho nws lub zog gel. Wei Yu et al. compounded carrageenan thiab konjac cov pos hniav, thiab tham txog cov qauv gel tom qab compounding. Txoj kev tshawb nrhiav pom tias tom qab sib xyaw carrageenan thiab konjac gum, ib qho kev sib koom ua ke tau tsim, thiab cov qauv tsim los ntawm carrageenan tau tsim, konjac cov pos hniav tau tawg rau hauv nws, thiab nws cov gel network yog denser dua li cov ntshiab carrageenan [247]. Kohyama et al. kawm txog cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ntawm carrageenan / konjac cov pos hniav, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias nrog kev nce ntxiv ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov pos hniav ntawm konjac, qhov kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov gel sib txuas txuas ntxiv mus ntxiv; konjac cov pos hniav nrog qhov hnyav molecular sib txawv pom zoo sib xws gel tsim. kub. Hauv cov txheej txheem kev sib xyaw no, kev tsim cov gel network yog ua los ntawm carrageenan, thiab kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm ob lub curdlan molecules ua rau tsim cov cheeb tsam tsis muaj zog sib txuas [248]. Nishinari et al. kawm cov gellan gum / konjac gum compound system, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov nyhuv ntawm monovalent cations ntawm cov gel compound tau tshaj tawm. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev modulus thiab gel tsim kub. Divalent cations tuaj yeem txhawb kev tsim cov gels sib xyaw rau qee qhov, tab sis ntau dhau yuav ua rau kev sib cais theem thiab txo cov qauv ntawm lub cev [246]. Breneer et al. tau kawm txog kev sib xyaw ntawm carrageenan, locust taum gum thiab konjac gum, thiab pom tias carrageenan, locust taum cov pos hniav thiab konjac cov pos hniav tuaj yeem tsim kev sib koom ua ke, thiab qhov zoo tshaj plaws piv yog locust taum gum / carrageenan 1: 5.5, konjac gum / carrageenan 1: 7 , thiab thaum peb qhov sib xyaw ua ke, cov nyhuv synergistic zoo ib yam li cov pos hniav carrageenan / konjac, qhia tias tsis muaj kev sib xyaw tshwj xeeb ntawm peb. kev sib tham [249].

1.3.2.2 Ob qhov uas tsis yog-curdlan compound systems

Ob lub ntuj polysaccharides uas tsis muaj cov khoom siv gel tuaj yeem nthuav tawm cov khoom gel los ntawm kev sib xyaw, ua rau cov khoom siv gel [250]. Muab cov pos hniav locust taum nrog xanthan cov pos hniav ua rau muaj kev sib koom ua ke uas ua rau muaj kev tsim cov gels tshiab [251]. Ib yam khoom tshiab gel kuj tuaj yeem tau los ntawm kev ntxiv xanthan cov pos hniav rau konjac glucomannan rau kev sib xyaw [252]. Wei Yanxia et al. tau kawm txog cov khoom rheological ntawm txoj kev ntawm locust taum cov pos hniav thiab xanthan cov pos hniav. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias qhov sib xyaw ntawm locust taum cov pos hniav thiab xanthan cov pos hniav ua rau muaj kev sib koom ua ke. Thaum qhov sib xyaw ntim piv yog 4: 6, qhov sib xyaw ua ke zoo tshaj plaws [253]. Fitzsimons et al. compounded konjac glucomannan nrog xanthan pos hniav ntawm chav tsev kub thiab nyob rau hauv cua sov. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias txhua qhov sib xyaw ua ke nthuav tawm cov khoom siv gel, uas cuam tshuam txog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ob. Qhov sib xyaw ua ke kub thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm xanthan cov pos hniav tsis cuam tshuam rau kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm ob [254]. Guo Shoujun thiab lwm tus tau kawm txog thawj qhov sib xyaw ntawm npua quav taum cov pos hniav thiab xanthan cov pos hniav, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias npua quav taum cov pos hniav thiab xanthan cov pos hniav muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws compounding piv ntawm npua quav taum cov pos hniav thiab xanthan gum compound nplaum yog 6/4 (w / w). Nws yog 102 lub sij hawm ntawm ib qho kev daws ntawm cov pos hniav soybean, thiab cov gel yog tsim thaum lub concentration ntawm cov pos hniav mus txog 0.4%. Cov nplaum nplaum muaj viscosity siab, zoo stability thiab rheological zog, thiab yog ib qho khoom noj zoo heev-cov pos hniav [255].

1.3.3 Compatibility ntawm polymer composites

Compatibility, los ntawm qhov ntsuas kub ntawm qhov pom, yog hais txog kev ua tiav molecular-theem compatibility, tseem hu ua kev sib nrig sib solubility. Raws li Flory-Huggins qauv kev xav, kev hloov pauv lub zog dawb ntawm cov txheej txheem polymer thaum lub sij hawm sib xyaw ua ke ua raws li Gibbs dawb lub zog mis:

△���= △���—T△S (1-1)

Ntawm lawv, △���yog lub complex dawb zog, △���yog lub cua sov complex, yog lub complex entropy; yog qhov kub thiab txias; cov txheej txheem nyuaj yog qhov sib xyaw ua ke tsuas yog thaum lub zog pub dawb hloov △���thaum lub sij hawm complex txheej txheem [256].

Lub tswv yim ntawm miscibility tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tseeb tias ob peb lub tshuab tuaj yeem ua tiav thermodynamic compatibility. Miscibility yog hais txog lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom sib txawv los ua homogeneous complexes, thiab cov qauv siv feem ntau yog cov complexes nthuav tawm ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm iav.

Sib txawv ntawm thermodynamic compatibility, generalized compatibility yog hais txog lub peev xwm ntawm txhua yam nyob rau hauv lub compound system kom haum ib leeg, uas yog npaj los ntawm ib tug tswv yim pom zoo [257].

Raws li generalized compatibility, polymer compound systems yuav muab faib mus rau hauv tag nrho sib xws, ib feem sib xws thiab tag nrho incompatible systems. Ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke txhais tau hais tias qhov sib xyaw yog thermodynamically miscible ntawm qib molecular; ib feem ntawm qhov system txhais tau hais tias lub compound yog sib xws nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam kub los yog muaj pes tsawg leeg ntau yam; ib tug kiag li incompatible system txhais tau hais tias cov compound yog Molecular-theem miscibility tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.

Vim muaj qee qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov polymers, feem ntau cov tshuab polymer complex yog ib feem sib xws los yog tsis sib xws [11, 12]. Nyob ntawm theem kev sib cais ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw thiab qib ntawm kev sib xyaw, qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ib feem ntawm cov txheej txheem yuav sib txawv heev [11]. Cov khoom macroscopic ntawm polymer composites zoo sib xws nrog lawv cov microscopic morphology thiab lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm txhua yam. 240], yog li nws yog qhov tseem ceeb heev los kawm txog cov kab mob microscopic morphology thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kab ke sib xyaw.

Kev tshawb fawb thiab kev ua cim rau kev sib raug zoo ntawm Binary Compounds:

(1) iav hloov kub T���kev sib piv. Sib piv T���ntawm qhov sib xyaw nrog T���ntawm nws cov khoom, yog tias tsuas yog ib qho T���tshwm nyob rau hauv lub compound, lub compound system yog ib tug tshaj system; yog muaj ob tug T���, thiab ob t���txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub compound yog nyob rau hauv ob pawg Qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov ntsiab lus T���qhia tau hais tias lub compound system yog ib feem ntawm kev sib koom ua ke; yog muaj ob tug T���, thiab lawv nyob ntawm txoj haujlwm ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus T���, nws qhia tau hais tias lub compound system yog ib tug incompatible system.

T���Cov cuab yeej ntsuas feem ntau siv rau hauv txoj kev sib piv yog dynamic thermomechanical analyzer (DMA) thiab qhov sib txawv scanning calorimeter (DSC). Txoj kev no tuaj yeem txiav txim siab sai sai ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kab ke sib txuas, tab sis yog tias T���ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus zoo sib xws, ib qho T���kuj yuav tshwm sim tom qab compounding, yog li no txoj kev muaj tej yam shortcomings [10].

(2) Kev soj ntsuam morphological. Ua ntej, soj ntsuam lub macroscopic morphology ntawm lub compound. Yog hais tias lub compound muaj qhov pom tseeb theem sib cais, nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab ua ntej tias qhov sib xyaw ua ke yog qhov tsis sib xws. Secondly, lub microscopic morphology thiab theem qauv ntawm lub compound yog soj ntsuam los ntawm microscope. Ob yam khoom uas sib haum xeeb yuav tsim ib lub xeev homogeneous. Yog li ntawd, lub compound nrog zoo compatibility tuaj yeem soj ntsuam cov theem faib thiab me me dispersed theem particle loj. thiab qhov muag plooj interface.

Cov cuab yeej ntsuas feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv txoj kev soj ntsuam topography yog optical microscope thiab scanning electron microscope (SEM). Txoj kev soj ntsuam topography tuaj yeem siv los ua ib txoj hauv kev pabcuam ua ke nrog rau lwm yam kev ua cim.

(3) Txoj kev Transparency. Nyob rau hauv ib feem sib xyaw ua ke, ob lub Cheebtsam tuaj yeem sib xyaw ua ke hauv qee qhov kub thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg, thiab kev sib cais theem yuav tshwm sim dhau qhov ntau yam no. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm transformation ntawm lub compound system los ntawm ib tug homogeneous system mus rau ib tug ob-theem system, nws lub teeb transmittance yuav hloov, yog li nws compatibility yuav kawm tau los ntawm kev kawm lub transparency ntawm lub compound.

Txoj kev no tsuas yog siv tau los ua ib txoj hauv kev pabcuam xwb, vim tias thaum qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas ntawm ob lub polymers zoo ib yam, cov khoom sib xyaw tau los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm ob lub polymers tsis sib xws kuj yog pob tshab.

(4) Rheological method. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, kev hloov tam sim ntawd ntawm cov viscoelastic tsis nyob rau hauv lub compound yog siv raws li ib tug kos npe rau ntawm theem sib cais, piv txwv li, tam sim ntawd hloov ntawm lub viscosity-kub nkhaus yog siv los kos cov theem sib cais, thiab tam sim ntawd hloov ntawm pom meej. shear stress-temperature curve yog siv los ua lub cim ntawm theem sib cais. Lub compounding system tsis muaj theem sib cais tom qab compounding muaj kev sib raug zoo, thiab cov uas muaj theem sib cais yog incompatible los yog ib feem ntawm qhov system [258].

(5) Han txoj kev nkhaus. Han lub nkhaus yog lg���'(���) lg G”, yog tias Han qhov nkhaus ntawm qhov sib xyaw ua ke tsis muaj qhov kub thiab txias, thiab Han qhov nkhaus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub sib txawv ua rau lub ntsiab nkhaus, qhov sib xyaw ua ke yog sib xws; Yog hais tias lub compound system yog sib xws Lub Han lub nkhaus yog kub-nyob ntawm seb. Yog tias Han's nkhaus sib cais los ntawm ib leeg ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv thiab tsis tuaj yeem tsim lub ntsiab nkhaus, qhov sib xyaw ua ke tsis sib haum lossis qee qhov sib haum. Yog li ntawd, lub compatibility ntawm lub compound system yuav txiav txim raws li kev sib cais ntawm Han tus nkhaus.

(6) Txoj kev daws viscosity. Txoj kev no siv cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tshuaj viscosity los qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kab ke sib xyaw. Nyob rau hauv cov kev daws teeb meem sib txawv, lub viscosity ntawm lub compound yog plotted tiv thaiv muaj pes tsawg leeg. Yog hais tias nws yog ib tug linear kev sib raug zoo, nws txhais tau hais tias lub compound system yog kiag li sib xws; yog tias nws yog ib qho kev sib raug zoo uas tsis yog-linear, nws txhais tau hais tias qhov kev sib txuas ua ke yog ib feem sib xws; Yog hais tias nws yog S-shaped nkhaus, ces nws qhia tau hais tias lub compound system yog kiag li incompatible [10].

(7) Infrared spectroscopy. Tom qab ob lub polymers sib xyaw ua ke, yog tias qhov sib xyaw ua tau zoo, yuav muaj kev sib cuam tshuam xws li hydrogen bonds, thiab cov qhab nia ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm pawg ntawm infrared spectrum ntawm txhua pab pawg ntawm cov saw hlau polymer yuav hloov. Qhov offset ntawm cov yam ntxwv pab pawg bands ntawm lub complex thiab txhua yam yuav txiav txim lub compatibility ntawm lub complex system.

Tsis tas li ntawd, kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov complexes tseem tuaj yeem kawm los ntawm cov ntsuas ntsuas kub ntsuas, X-ray diffraction, lub kaum sab xis me me X-ray tawg, lub teeb tawg, neutron electron scattering, nuclear magnetic resonance thiab ultrasonic cov tswv yim [10].

1.3.4 Kev tshawb fawb kev kawm ntawm hydroxypropyl methylcellulose / hydroxypropyl starch compounding

1.3.4.1 Kev sib xyaw ntawm hydroxypropyl methylcellulose thiab lwm yam tshuaj

Cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm HPMC thiab lwm yam tshuaj yog siv rau hauv cov tshuaj tswj kev tso tawm thiab cov khoom ntim cov yeeb yaj kiab uas siv tau lossis degradable. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov ntawm cov tshuaj tswj kev tso tawm, cov polymers feem ntau compounded nrog HPMC muaj xws li hluavtaws polymers xws li polyvinyl cawv (PVA), lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer (PLGA) thiab polycaprolactone (PCL), raws li zoo raws li cov proteins, Natural polymers xws li polysaccharides. Abdel-Zaher et al. tau kawm txog cov qauv tsim, thermal stability thiab lawv txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog kev ua tau zoo ntawm HPMC / PVA composites, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias muaj qee qhov tsis zoo nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ob lub polymers [259]. Zab et al. siv HPMC / PLGA complex los npaj microcapsules rau kev tswj hwm thiab kev tso tawm ntawm insulin, uas tuaj yeem ua tiav kev tso tawm hauv lub plab thiab txoj hnyuv [260]. Javed et al. compounded hydrophilic HPMC thiab hydrophobic PCL thiab siv HPMC / PCL complexes ua cov khoom siv microcapsule rau cov tshuaj tswj thiab tso tawm, uas tuaj yeem tso tawm rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm tib neeg lub cev los ntawm kev kho qhov sib xyaw ua ke [261]. Ding et al. tau kawm txog rheological zog xws li viscosity, dynamic viscoelasticity, creep rov qab, thiab thixotropy ntawm HPMC/collagen complexes siv nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm kev tswj cov tshuaj tso tawm, muab theoretical kev taw qhia rau industrial daim ntaub ntawv [262]. Arthanari, Cai thiab Rai et al. [263-265] Cov complexes ntawm HPMC thiab polysaccharides xws li chitosan, xanthan gum, thiab sodium alginate tau siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kev tso tawm, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev tso tawm [263-265].

Hauv kev tsim cov khoom ntim khoom noj tau lossis degradable, cov polymers feem ntau sib xyaw nrog HPMC yog cov khoom siv ntuj tsim xws li lipids, proteins thiab polysaccharides. Karaca, Fagundes thiab Contreras-Oliva et al. npaj edible composite daim nyias nyias nrog HPMC/lipid complexes, thiab siv lawv nyob rau hauv preservation ntawm plums, txiv lws suav txiv lws suav thiab citrus, feem. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias HPMC / lipid complex daim nyias nyias muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm kev khaws cia tshiab [266-268]. Shetty, Rubilar, thiab Ding et al. tau kawm txog cov khoom siv kho tshuab, thermal stability, microstructure, thiab kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke npaj los ntawm HPMC, silk protein, whey protein cais, thiab collagen, raws li [269-271]. Esteghlal et al. tsim HPMC nrog gelatin los npaj cov yeeb yaj kiab uas siv tau rau hauv cov khoom ntim bio-based [111]. Priya, Kondaveeti, Sakata thiab Ortega-Toro et al. npaj HPMC / chitosan HPMC / xyloglucan, HPMC / ethyl cellulose thiab HPMC / starch edible composite films, feem, thiab kawm txog lawv thermal stability, mechanical zog zog, microstructure thiab antibacterial zog [139, 272-274]. HPMC/PLA compound tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom ntim rau cov khoom noj khoom haus, feem ntau yog extrusion [275].

Hauv kev tsim cov khoom ntim khoom noj tau lossis degradable, cov polymers feem ntau sib xyaw nrog HPMC yog cov khoom siv ntuj tsim xws li lipids, proteins thiab polysaccharides. Karaca, Fagundes thiab Contreras-Oliva et al. npaj edible composite daim nyias nyias nrog HPMC/lipid complexes, thiab siv lawv nyob rau hauv preservation ntawm plums, txiv lws suav txiv lws suav thiab citrus, feem. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias HPMC / lipid complex daim nyias nyias muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm kev khaws cia tshiab [266-268]. Shetty, Rubilar, thiab Ding et al. tau kawm txog cov khoom siv kho tshuab, thermal stability, microstructure, thiab kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke npaj los ntawm HPMC, silk protein, whey protein cais, thiab collagen, raws li [269-271]. Esteghlal et al. tsim HPMC nrog gelatin los npaj cov yeeb yaj kiab uas siv tau rau hauv cov khoom ntim bio-based [111]. Priya, Kondaveeti, Sakata thiab Ortega-Toro et al. npaj HPMC / chitosan HPMC / xyloglucan, HPMC / ethyl cellulose thiab HPMC / starch edible composite films, feem, thiab kawm txog lawv thermal stability, mechanical zog zog, microstructure thiab antibacterial zog [139, 272-274]. HPMC/PLA compound tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom ntim rau cov khoom noj khoom haus, feem ntau yog extrusion [275].

1.3.4.2 Compounding ntawm starch thiab lwm yam khoom

Kev tshawb fawb txog kev sib xyaw ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab lwm yam tshuaj tau pib tsom mus rau ntau yam hydrophobic aliphatic polyester tshuaj, suav nrog polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), polybutene succinic acid (PBSA), thiab lwm yam. 276]. Muller et al. tau kawm txog cov qauv thiab cov khoom ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab / PLA cov khoom sib xyaw thiab kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm ob, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm ob qho tsis muaj zog thiab cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw tsis zoo [277]. Correa, Komur thiab Diaz-Gomez et al. tau kawm txog cov khoom siv kho tshuab, cov khoom siv rheological, cov khoom siv gel thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab / PCL complexes, uas tau siv rau kev tsim cov khoom siv biodegradable, biomedical Materials thiab Tissue Engineering Scaffolding Materials [278-280]. Ohkika et al. pom tias kev sib xyaw ntawm pob kws thiab PBSA yog qhov zoo heev. Thaum cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab yog 5-30%, nce cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab tuaj yeem ua rau cov qauv thiab txo cov tensile kev nyuaj siab thiab elongation ntawm so [281,282]. Hydrophobic aliphatic polyester yog thermodynamically incompatible nrog hydrophilic starch, thiab ntau yam compatibilizers thiab additives feem ntau yog ntxiv los txhim kho theem interface ntawm starch thiab polyester. Szadkowska, Ferri, thiab Li et al. tau kawm txog cov teebmeem ntawm silanol-based plasticizers, cov roj txiv roj anhydride linseed, thiab cov roj zaub ua haujlwm ua haujlwm ntawm cov qauv thiab cov khoom ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab / PLA complexes, raws li [283-285]. Ortega-Toro, Yu et al. siv citric acid thiab diphenylmethane diisocyanate rau compatibilize hmoov txhuv nplej siab / PCL compound thiab starch / PBSA compound, ntsig txog, los txhim kho cov khoom thiab stability [286, 287].

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, kev tshawb fawb ntau thiab ntau tau ua tiav ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab nrog ntuj polymers xws li cov proteins, polysaccharides thiab lipids. Teklehaimanot, Sahin-Nadeen thiab Zhang et al tau kawm txog physicochemical cov khoom ntawm starch / zein, starch / whey protein thiab starch / gelatin complexes, raws li, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau zoo tag nrho, uas tuaj yeem siv rau cov khoom noj biomaterials thiab tshuaj ntsiav [52, 288, 289] ib. Lozanno-Navarro, Talon thiab Ren et al. tau kawm txog lub teeb xa tawm, cov khoom siv kho tshuab, cov khoom siv tshuaj tua kab mob thiab chitosan concentration ntawm starch / chitosan composite films, raws li, thiab ntxiv natural extracts, tshuaj yej polyphenols thiab lwm yam natural antibacterial agents los txhim kho cov nyhuv antibacterial ntawm cov zaj duab xis composite. Cov txiaj ntsig kev tshawb fawb pom tau tias cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab / chitosan composite zaj duab xis muaj peev xwm zoo hauv cov khoom ntim khoom noj thiab tshuaj [290-292]. Kaushik, Ghanbarzadeh, Arvanitoyannis, thiab Zhang et al. tau kawm txog cov khoom ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab / cellulose nanocrystals, hmoov txhuv nplej siab / carboxymethylcellulose, starch / methylcellulose, thiab starch / hydroxypropylmethylcellulose composite films, raws li, thiab cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom ntim khoom noj / biodegradable [293-295]. Dafe, Jumaidin thiab Lascombes et al. tau kawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab / cov pos hniav xws li hmoov txhuv nplej siab / pectin, hmoov txhuv nplej siab / agar thiab hmoov txhuv nplej siab / carrageenan, feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov khoom noj thiab ntim khoom noj [296-298]. Lub zog physicochemical ntawm tapioca hmoov txhuv nplej siab / pob kws roj, hmoov txhuv nplej siab / lipid complexes tau kawm los ntawm Perez, De et al., feem ntau los coj cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom noj extruded [299, 300].

1.3.4.3 Compounding ntawm hydroxypropyl methylcellulose thiab starch

Tam sim no, tsis muaj ntau cov kev tshawb fawb txog kev sib xyaw ntawm HPMC thiab cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws, thiab feem ntau ntawm lawv tau ntxiv qee qhov me me ntawm HPMC rau hauv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab los txhim kho kev laus ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab. Jimenez et al. siv HPMC los txo qhov kev laus ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ib txwm los txhim kho cov permeability ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias qhov sib ntxiv ntawm HPMC txo qhov kev laus ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab nce qhov yooj yim ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw. Cov pa oxygen permeability ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw tau nce ntxiv, tab sis kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj dej tsis zoo. Ntau npaum li cas tau hloov [301]. Villacres, Basch et al. compounded HPMC thiab tapioca starch los npaj HPMC / starch composite zaj duab xis ntim cov ntaub ntawv, thiab kawm cov plasticizing nyhuv ntawm glycerin ntawm cov zaj duab xis composite thiab cov teebmeem ntawm poov tshuaj sorbate thiab nisin ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm cov zaj duab xis composite. Cov txiaj ntsig Nws qhia tau hais tias nrog kev nce ntawm HPMC cov ntsiab lus, lub elastic modulus thiab tensile lub zog ntawm cov zaj duab xis composite yog nce, elongation ntawm so yog txo, thiab cov dej vapor permeability muaj me ntsis cuam tshuam; potassium sorbate thiab nisin ob leeg tuaj yeem txhim kho cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw. Cov nyhuv antibacterial ntawm ob cov tshuaj tua kab mob zoo dua thaum siv ua ke [112, 302]. Ortega-Toro et al. tau kawm txog cov khoom ntawm HPMC / starch hot-pressed composite daim nyias nyias, thiab kawm txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm citric acid ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias HPMC tau tawg mus rau hauv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab txuas ntxiv, thiab ob qho tib si citric acid thiab HPMC muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev laus ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab. mus rau ib theem ntawm inhibition [139]. Ayorinde et al. siv HPMC / starch composite zaj duab xis rau txheej ntawm qhov ncauj amlodipine, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias lub sijhawm tawg thiab tso tawm tus nqi ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw tau zoo heev [303].

Zhao Ming et al. tau kawm txog cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ntawm cov dej khaws cia ntawm HPMC cov yeeb yaj kiab, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab HPMC muaj qee yam kev sib koom ua ke, uas ua rau tag nrho cov dej khaws cia tau nce ntxiv [304]. Zhang et al. tau kawm txog cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm HPMC / HPS compound thiab cov khoom rheological ntawm cov tshuaj. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias HPMC / HPS cov kab ke sib xyaw muaj qhov sib xyaw ua ke, qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm daim nyias nyias yog qhov zoo, thiab cov khoom siv rheological ntawm HPS rau HPMC muaj qhov sib npaug zoo [305, 306]. Muaj ob peb txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm HPMC / starch compound system nrog HPMC cov ntsiab lus siab, thiab feem ntau ntawm lawv yog nyob rau hauv qhov ntiav ntiav kev tshawb fawb, thiab cov kev tshawb fawb theoretical ntawm lub compound system kuj tsis muaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov gel ntawm HPMC / HPS txias-kub reversed. - Phase Composite gel. Mechanistic kev tshawb fawb tseem nyob hauv lub xeev dawb paug.

1.4 Rheology ntawm polymer complexes

Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua cov ntaub ntawv polymer, ntws thiab deformation yuav inevitably tshwm sim, thiab rheology yog kev tshawb fawb uas kawm txog cov dej ntws thiab deformation txoj cai ntawm cov ntaub ntawv [307]. Flow yog cov cuab yeej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua kua, thaum deformation yog cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv (crystalline). Kev sib piv dav dav ntawm cov kua dej thiab cov khoom deformation yog raws li hauv qab no:

Hauv kev siv cov khoom siv hauv cov khoom siv polymer, lawv cov viscosity thiab viscoelasticity txiav txim siab lawv cov kev ua haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev ua thiab molding, nrog rau kev hloov ntawm shear npaum li cas, lub viscosity ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymer tej zaum yuav muaj ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm ntau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm magnitude. Hloov [308]. Rheological zog xws li viscosity thiab shear thinning ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev tswj ntawm cov twj tso kua mis, perfusion, dispersion thiab txau thaum lub sij hawm ua cov ntaub ntawv polymer, thiab yog cov khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymer.

1.4.1 Viscoelasticity ntawm polymers

Raws li kev quab yuam sab nraud, cov kua polymer tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog ntws, tab sis kuj qhia deformation, uas qhia ib hom "viscoelasticity" kev ua tau zoo, thiab nws cov ntsiab lus yog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm "kua-kua ob-theem" ​​[309]. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov viscoelasticity no tsis yog linear viscoelasticity ntawm me me deformations, tab sis nonlinear viscoelasticity qhov twg cov khoom nthuav tawm loj deformations thiab ntev kev ntxhov siab [310].

Lub ntuj polysaccharide aqueous tov kuj hu ua hydrosol. Hauv cov tshuaj diluted, cov polysaccharide macromolecules yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm coils sib cais los ntawm ib leeg. Thaum cov concentration nce mus rau ib qho nqi, cov macromolecular coils interpenetrate thiab sib tshooj. Tus nqi hu ua qhov tseem ceeb concentration [311]. Hauv qab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, qhov viscosity ntawm cov tshuaj yog qhov tsawg, thiab nws tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm tus nqi shear, qhia Newtonian kua cwj pwm; Thaum qhov tseem ceeb concentration yog mus txog, cov macromolecules uas Ameslikas txav mus rau hauv kev sib cais pib entangle nrog ib leeg, thiab cov tshuaj viscosity ho nce. nce [312]; Thaum lub sij hawm thaum lub concentration ntau tshaj qhov tseem ceeb concentration, shear thinning yog pom thiab cov tshuaj qhia tsis yog-Newtonian kua cwj pwm [245].

Qee cov hydrosols tuaj yeem tsim cov gels nyob rau hauv qee yam mob, thiab lawv cov khoom viscoelastic feem ntau yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev cia khoom modulus G', poob modulus G" thiab lawv qhov kev vam khom ntau zaus. Lub modulus cia sib haum mus rau lub elasticity ntawm lub system, thaum lub poob modulus sib haum mus rau lub viscosity ntawm lub system [311]. Hauv kev daws teeb meem, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov molecules, yog li dhau ntawm ntau qhov ntau zaus, G' tsawg dua G", thiab pom muaj zog zaus dependence. Txij li thaum G ′ thiab G ″ yog proportional rau zaus ω thiab nws quadratic, feem, thaum lub zaus ntau dua, G ′> G″. Thaum lub concentration siab dua qhov tseem ceeb concentration, G ′ thiab G ″ tseem muaj zaus dependence. Thaum qhov zaus qis dua, G′ < G ″, thiab qhov zaus maj mam nce, ob leeg yuav hla, thiab rov qab mus rau G′ > hauv cheeb tsam siab G".

Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm lub ntuj polysaccharide hydrosol hloov mus rau hauv gel yog hu ua gel point. Muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus ntawm gel point, thiab feem ntau siv yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm dynamic viscoelasticity hauv rheology. Thaum lub modulus cia G′ ntawm lub system yog sib npaug zos rau qhov poob modulus G”, nws yog lub gel point, thiab G′> G” Gel tsim [312, 313].

Qee lub ntuj polysaccharide molecules tsim cov koom haum tsis muaj zog, thiab lawv cov qauv gel tau yooj yim puas tsuaj, thiab G' yog me ntsis loj dua G", uas qhia qhov tsawg zaus dependence; thaum qee qhov ntuj polysaccharide molecules tuaj yeem tsim cov cheeb tsam sib txuas ruaj khov, uas Cov qauv gel muaj zog dua, G' loj dua G", thiab tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv [311].

1.4.2 Rheological cwj pwm ntawm polymer complexes

Rau qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv polymer tag nrho, qhov sib xyaw ua ke yog homogeneous system, thiab nws cov viscoelasticity feem ntau yog qhov sib npaug ntawm cov khoom ntawm ib qho polymer, thiab nws cov viscoelasticity tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm cov cai yooj yim empirical [314]. Kev xyaum tau ua pov thawj tias homogeneous system tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev txhim kho nws cov khoom siv kho tshuab. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, qee cov txheej txheem nyuaj nrog cov txheej txheem sib cais muaj kev ua tau zoo [315].

Lub compatibility ntawm ib feem sib xyaw ua ke yuav raug cuam tshuam los ntawm cov yam xws li system compound ratio, shear rate, kub thiab tivthaiv qauv, qhia compatibility los yog theem sib cais, thiab kev hloov ntawm compatibility mus rau theem sib cais yog inevitable. ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv viscoelasticity ntawm lub cev [316, 317]. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, muaj ntau txoj kev tshawb fawb txog tus cwj pwm viscoelastic ntawm ib feem ntawm polymer complex systems. Kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias tus cwj pwm rheological ntawm cov kab ke sib txuas hauv thaj chaw sib haum xeeb nthuav tawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm homogeneous system. Nyob rau hauv theem sib cais cheeb tsam, rheological cwj pwm txawv kiag li ntawm homogeneous cheeb tsam thiab tsis tshua muaj complex.

Kev nkag siab txog cov khoom rheological ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv, qhov sib xyaw sib xyaw, tus nqi shear, kub, thiab lwm yam yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev xaiv cov txheej txheem ua tiav, kev tsim qauv tsim qauv, kev tswj hwm nruj ntawm cov khoom zoo, thiab txo qhov tsim nyog. kev siv hluav taws xob. [309]. Piv txwv li, rau cov ntaub ntawv kub-rhiab heev, viscosity ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem hloov tau los ntawm kev kho qhov kub thiab txias. Thiab txhim kho kev ua tau zoo; to taub qhov shear thinning cheeb tsam ntawm cov khoom, xaiv qhov tsim nyog shear tus nqi los tswj cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom, thiab txhim kho cov efficiency ntau lawm.

1.4.3 Cov yam ntxwv cuam tshuam rau cov khoom rheological ntawm cov compound

1.4.3.1 Kev sib sau

Cov khoom ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov qauv sab hauv ntawm cov txheej txheem kev sib txuas yog qhov kev xav ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom ntawm txhua yam khoom thiab kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom. Yog li ntawd, lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg cov khoom ntawm txhua yam khoom nws tus kheej muaj lub luag hauj lwm txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv lub compound system. Qhov degree ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov polymers sib txawv sib txawv, qee qhov sib xws, thiab qee qhov yuav luag tsis sib haum.

1.4.3.2 Qhov ratio ntawm compound system

Lub viscoelasticity thiab mechanical zog ntawm lub polymer compound system yuav hloov pauv loj nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw. Qhov no yog vim hais tias qhov sib piv piv txiav txim siab qhov kev koom tes ntawm txhua qhov sib xyaw rau hauv qhov system, thiab tseem cuam tshuam rau txhua qhov khoom. kev sib cuam tshuam thiab theem kev faib tawm. Xie Yaj et al. kawm chitosan / hydroxypropyl cellulose thiab pom tias viscosity ntawm cov compound tau nce ntau nrog kev nce ntawm hydroxypropyl cellulose cov ntsiab lus [318]. Zhang Yuan et al. tau kawm txog qhov nyuaj ntawm xanthan cov pos hniav thiab pob kws hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab pom tias thaum qhov piv ntawm xanthan cov pos hniav yog 10%, qhov sib xws coefficient, cov txiaj ntsig kev ntxhov siab thiab cov kua dej Performance index ntawm cov txheej txheem nyuaj tau nce ntau. Obviously [319].

1.4.3.3 Shear tus nqi

Cov kua polymer feem ntau yog cov kua dej pseudoplastic, uas tsis ua raws li Newton txoj cai ntawm kev ntws. Lub ntsiab feature yog hais tias lub viscosity yog yeej tsis hloov nyob rau hauv qis shear, thiab lub viscosity txo sharply nrog rau qhov nce ntawm shear npaum li cas [308, 320]. Txoj kev nkhaus ntawm cov kua polymer tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb thaj chaw: thaj chaw qis qis Newtonian, thaj tsam shear thinning thiab thaj chaw siab shear stability. Thaum tus nqi shear nyhav mus rau xoom, qhov kev ntxhov siab thiab kev nyuaj siab dhau los ua txoj kab, thiab tus cwj pwm ntws ntawm cov kua zoo ib yam li cov kua Newtonian. Lub sijhawm no, viscosity nyhav rau qee tus nqi, uas yog hu ua xoom-shear viscosity η0. η0 qhia txog lub sijhawm so siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv thiab yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv polymer, uas muaj feem xyuam nrog qhov nruab nrab molecular hnyav ntawm cov polymer thiab lub zog ua kom cov kua dej ntws. Hauv thaj chaw shear thinning, viscosity maj mam txo nrog qhov nce ntawm qhov shear npaum li cas, thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm "shear thinning" tshwm sim. Thaj chaw no yog ib qho chaw txaus ntshai hauv kev ua cov khoom siv polymer. Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam siab shear stability, raws li tus nqi shear txuas ntxiv nce, lub viscosity nyhav mus rau lwm qhov, qhov tsis kawg shear viscosity η∞, tab sis cheeb tsam no feem ntau nyuaj mus txog.

1.4.3.4 Kub

Kub ncaj qha cuam tshuam qhov kev siv ntawm random thermal txav ntawm molecules, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev sib cuam tshuam hauv nruab nrab xws li diffusion, molecular saw orientation, thiab entanglement. Feem ntau, thaum lub sij hawm khiav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymer, kev txav ntawm cov saw hlau molecular yog ua nyob rau hauv ntu; Raws li qhov kub thiab txias, qhov ntim dawb nce, thiab cov dej tsis kam ntawm cov ntu txo, yog li cov viscosity txo. Txawm li cas los xij, rau qee cov polymers, raws li qhov kub thiab txias, hydrophobic koom haum tshwm sim ntawm cov chains, yog li cov viscosity nce ntxiv.

Ntau yam polymers muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thiab tib lub siab polymer muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm nws cov txheej txheem hauv qhov kub thiab txias.

1.5 Kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb, kev tshawb fawb lub hom phiaj thiab kev tshawb fawb cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub ncauj lus no

1.5.1 Kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb

Txawm hais tias HPMC yog cov khoom siv nyab xeeb thiab noj tau siv dav hauv kev ua zaub mov thiab tshuaj, nws muaj cov yeeb yaj kiab zoo, tawg, thickening, thiab stabilizing zog. HPMC zaj duab xis kuj muaj cov pob tshab zoo, cov khoom thaiv roj, thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tus nqi siab (kwv yees li 100,000 / ton) txwv nws daim ntawv thov dav, txawm tias nyob rau hauv kev siv tshuaj ntau dua li cov tshuaj ntsiav. Tsis tas li ntawd, HPMC yog ib tug thermally induced gel, uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub xeev cov tshuaj uas tsis muaj viscosity ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thiab muaj peev xwm tsim ib tug viscous zoo li gel nyob rau hauv high kub, yog li cov txheej txheem xws li txheej, txau thiab dipping yuav tsum tau nqa. tawm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, ua rau muaj kev siv hluav taws xob ntau thiab cov nqi ntau lawm. Cov khoom xws li qis viscosity thiab gel lub zog ntawm HPMC ntawm qhov kub thiab txias txo cov txheej txheem ntawm HPMC hauv ntau daim ntawv thov.

Hauv qhov sib piv, HPS yog ib qho pheej yig (kwv yees li 20,000 / tuj) cov khoom noj uas tau siv dav hauv kev ua zaub mov thiab tshuaj. Qhov laj thawj vim li cas HPMC thiaj li kim yog tias cov khoom siv raw cellulose siv los npaj HPMC yog kim dua li cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab siv los npaj HPS. Tsis tas li ntawd, HPMC yog grafted nrog ob tug hloov, hydroxypropyl thiab methoxy. Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem kev npaj yog qhov nyuaj heev, yog li tus nqi ntawm HPMC yog ntau dua li ntawm HPS. Txoj haujlwm no vam tias yuav hloov qee qhov HPMCs kim nrog HPS tus nqi qis, thiab txo cov nqi khoom raws li kev tswj hwm cov haujlwm zoo sib xws.

Tsis tas li ntawd, HPS yog cov gel txias, uas muaj nyob rau hauv viscoelastic gel lub xeev ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab tsim cov dej ntws ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Yog li, ntxiv HPS rau HPMC tuaj yeem txo cov gel kub ntawm HPMC thiab nce nws cov viscosity ntawm qhov kub tsawg. thiab gel lub zog, txhim kho nws cov txheej txheem ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Ntxiv mus, HPS edible zaj duab xis muaj cov pa oxygen barrier zoo, yog li ntxiv HPS rau hauv HPMC tuaj yeem txhim kho cov pa oxygen barrier ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab edible.

Hauv cov ntsiab lus, kev sib xyaw ntawm HPMC thiab HPS: Ua ntej, nws muaj qhov tseem ceeb theoretical tseem ceeb. HPMC yog ib tug kub gel, thiab HPS yog ib tug txias gel. Los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm ob, muaj qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov gels kub thiab txias. Lub chaw tsim khoom ntawm HPMC / HPS txias thiab kub gel compound system thiab nws cov kev tshawb fawb mechanism tuaj yeem muab txoj hauv kev tshiab rau kev tshawb fawb ntawm hom khaub thuas thiab kub rov qab-theem gel compound system, tsim cov kev taw qhia theoretical. Qhov thib ob, nws tuaj yeem txo cov nqi tsim khoom thiab txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom. Los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm HPS thiab HPMC, tus nqi tsim khoom tuaj yeem txo qis ntawm cov khoom siv raw thiab kev siv hluav taws xob ntau lawm, thiab cov khoom lag luam tuaj yeem txhim kho tau zoo. Thirdly, nws tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm thiab nthuav tawm daim ntawv thov. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm HPS tuaj yeem ua rau kom muaj zog thiab gel lub zog ntawm HPMC ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thiab txhim kho nws cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom lag luam tuaj yeem txhim kho. Los ntawm kev ntxiv HPS los npaj cov edible composite zaj duab xis ntawm HPMC / HPS, cov pa oxygen barrier zog ntawm cov edible zaj duab xis tuaj yeem txhim kho.

Lub compatibility ntawm lub polymer compound system tuaj yeem txiav txim siab ncaj qha rau lub microscopic morphology thiab cov khoom ntawm cov khoom sib txuas, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom siv tshuab. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev los kawm txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm HPMC / HPS compound system. Ob leeg HPMC thiab HPS yog hydrophilic polysaccharides nrog tib yam qauv tsev-qabzib thiab hloov kho los ntawm tib pab pawg ua haujlwm hydroxypropyl, uas zoo heev txhim kho kev sib raug zoo ntawm HPMC / HPS compound system. Txawm li cas los xij, HPMC yog cov gel txias thiab HPS yog cov gel kub, thiab kev coj tus cwj pwm ntawm ob qho tib si coj mus rau theem kev sib cais ntawm HPMC / HPS compound system. Hauv cov ntsiab lus, theem morphology thiab theem hloov ntawm HPMC / HPS txias-kub gel composite system yog qhov nyuaj heev, yog li kev sib raug zoo thiab theem sib cais ntawm qhov system no yuav nthuav heev.

Cov qauv morphological thiab rheological tus cwj pwm ntawm polymer complex systems muaj kev sib cuam tshuam. Ntawm qhov tod tes, tus cwj pwm rheological thaum ua tiav yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau cov qauv morphological ntawm lub cev; Ntawm qhov tod tes, tus cwj pwm rheological ntawm lub cev tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov qauv morphological ntawm lub cev. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev los kawm txog rheological zog ntawm HPMC / HPS compound system rau kev taw qhia ntau lawm, ua thiab kev tswj kom zoo.

Lub macroscopic zog xws li cov qauv morphological, compatibility thiab rheology ntawm HPMC / HPS txias thiab kub gel compound system yog dynamic, thiab cuam tshuam los ntawm ib tug series ntawm yam xws li tshuaj concentration, compounding piv, shear npaum li cas thiab kub. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov qauv microscopic morphological thiab cov khoom macroscopic ntawm cov kab ke sib xyaw tuaj yeem tswj hwm los ntawm kev tswj cov qauv morphological thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kab ke sib xyaw.

1.5.2 Lub hom phiaj tshawb fawb

Lub HPMC / HPS txias thiab kub thim rov qab-theem gel compound system tau tsim, nws cov khoom rheological tau kawm, thiab cov teebmeem ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg cov qauv ntawm cov khoom, compounding ratio thiab ua tej yam kev mob ntawm lub rheological zog ntawm lub system tau tshawb. Cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw ua ke ntawm HPMC / HPS tau npaj, thiab cov khoom siv macroscopic xws li cov khoom siv kho tshuab, huab cua permeability thiab kho qhov muag ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab tau kawm, thiab cov kev cuam tshuam thiab kev cai lij choj tau tshawb nrhiav. Ua tib zoo kawm txog theem kev hloov pauv, kev sib raug zoo thiab theem kev sib cais ntawm HPMC / HPS txias thiab kub thim rov qab-theem gel complex system, tshawb xyuas nws cov kev cuam tshuam thiab cov txheej txheem, thiab tsim kom muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm microscopic morphological qauv thiab macroscopic zog. Cov qauv morphological thiab compatibility ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw yog siv los tswj cov khoom ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw.

1.5.3 Cov ntsiab lus tshawb fawb

Txhawm rau kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj kev tshawb fawb, daim ntawv no yuav ua cov kev tshawb fawb hauv qab no:

(1) Txhim kho HPMC / HPS txias thiab kub rov qab-theem gel compound system, thiab siv lub ntsuas rheometer los kawm txog rheological zog ntawm cov tshuaj tov, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov teebmeem ntawm concentration, compounding ratio thiab shear rate ntawm viscosity thiab flow index ntawm lub compound system. Kev cuam tshuam thiab kev cai lij choj ntawm cov khoom rheological xws li thixotropy thiab thixotropy tau raug tshawb xyuas, thiab kev tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom txias thiab kub sib xyaw gel tau tshawb pom ua ntej.

(2) HPMC/HPS edible composite zaj duab xis tau npaj, thiab scanning electron microscope yog siv los kawm txog kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm txhua yam thiab cov muaj pes tsawg leeg piv ntawm lub microscopic morphology ntawm cov zaj duab xis composite; Cov cuab yeej cuab yeej ntsuas tau siv los kawm txog cov khoom siv hauv nruab nrab ntawm txhua qhov sib xyaw, qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw Cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov piv thiab ib puag ncig txheeb ze av noo ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw; Kev siv cov pa oxygen kis tus nqi tester thiab UV-Vis spectrophotometer los kawm txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv hauv lub cev ntawm cov khoom thiab cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov pa oxygen thiab lub teeb kis tau tus mob ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab Compatibility thiab theem sib cais ntawm HPMC / HPS txias- Kub inverse gel composite system tau kawm los ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas electron microscopy, kev tsom xam thermogravimetric thiab dynamic thermomechanical tsom xam.

(3) Kev sib raug zoo ntawm microscopic morphology thiab txhua yam khoom ntawm HPMC / HPS txias-kub inverse gel composite system tau tsim. Cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw ua ke ntawm HPMC / HPS tau npaj, thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov theem faib thiab theem hloov ntawm cov qauv tau kawm los ntawm optical microscope thiab iodine dyeing method; Txoj cai cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab lub teeb kis ntawm cov qauv tau tsim. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm microstructure thiab mechanical zog ntawm HPMC / HPS txias-kub inverse gel composite system tau tshawb xyuas.

(4) Kev cuam tshuam ntawm HPS hloov pauv qib ntawm cov khoom siv rheological thiab cov khoom siv gel ntawm HPMC / HPS txias-kub thim rov qab-theem gel composite system. Cov teebmeem ntawm HPS hloov pauv qib, tus nqi shear thiab qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov viscosity thiab lwm yam rheological zog ntawm lub compound system, raws li zoo raws li lub gel hloov point, modulus zaus dependence thiab lwm yam gel zog thiab lawv cov cai tau kawm los ntawm kev siv ib tug rheometer. Qhov ntsuas kub-nyob ntawm theem faib thiab theem hloov ntawm cov qauv tau kawm los ntawm iodine staining, thiab cov txheej txheem gelation ntawm HPMC / HPS txias-kub thim rov qab-theem gel complex system tau piav qhia.

(5) Cov teebmeem ntawm kev hloov kho cov qauv ntawm HPS ntawm macroscopic zog thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm HPMC / HPS txias-kub thim rov qab-theem gel composite system. Cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw ua ke ntawm HPMC / HPS tau npaj, thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm HPS hydroxypropyl hloov pauv qib ntawm cov qauv siv lead ua thiab micro-domain qauv ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw tau kawm los ntawm synchrotron hluav taws xob me me-lub kaum X-ray scattering technology. Txoj cai tswjfwm ntawm HPS hydroxypropyl hloov pauv qib ntawm cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw tau kawm los ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tshuab ntsuas; txoj cai ntawm HPS hloov pauv qib ntawm cov pa oxygen permeability ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw tau kawm los ntawm oxygen permeability tester; HPS hydroxypropyl Influence ntawm pab pawg hloov degree ntawm thermal stability ntawm HPMC/HPS composite films.

Tshooj 2 Rheological kev tshawb fawb ntawm HPMC/HPS compound system

Natural polymer-based edible films tuaj yeem npaj los ntawm txoj kev ntub dej yooj yim [321]. Ua ntej, lub polymer yog yaj los yog dispersed nyob rau hauv cov kua theem los npaj ib tug edible film-forming kua los yog zaj duab xis-forming ncua kev kawm ntawv, thiab ces concentrated los ntawm tshem tawm cov hnyav. Ntawm no, kev ua haujlwm feem ntau yog ua los ntawm kev ziab ntawm qhov kub me ntsis. Cov txheej txheem no feem ntau yog siv los tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab uas tau ntim ua ntej, lossis txhawm rau cov khoom siv ncaj qha nrog cov yeeb yaj kiab tsim los ntawm dipping, txhuam los yog txau. Kev tsim cov khoom siv ua yeeb yaj kiab yuav tsum tau txais cov ntaub ntawv rheological tseeb ntawm cov kua ua kua zaj duab xis, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev tswj cov khoom zoo ntawm cov khoom ntim khoom noj thiab cov txheej txheem [322].

HPMC yog ib qho thermal nplaum, uas tsim cov gel ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab nyob rau hauv ib qho kev daws teeb meem ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Cov cuab yeej thermal gel no ua rau nws cov viscosity ntawm qhov kub tsis tshua muaj siab, uas tsis yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tshwj xeeb xws li dipping, txhuam thiab dipping. kev ua haujlwm, ua rau kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, HPS yog ib tug txias gel, viscous gel lub xeev ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thiab kub. Tsawg viscosity tov lub xeev. Yog li, los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ob, cov khoom rheological ntawm HPMC xws li viscosity ntawm qhov kub thiab txias tuaj yeem sib npaug rau qee yam.

Tshooj lus no tsom mus rau cov teebmeem ntawm cov tshuaj concentration, compounding ratio thiab kub ntawm lub rheological zog xws li xoom-shear viscosity, flow index thiab thixotropy ntawm HPMC / HPS txias-kub inverse gel compound system. Txoj cai ntxiv yog siv los tham ua ntej txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev sib koom ua ke.

2.2 Kev sim txoj kev

2.2.1 Kev npaj ntawm HPMC/HPS compound tov

Ua ntej hnyav HPMC thiab HPS qhuav hmoov, thiab sib tov raws li 15% (w / w) concentration thiab sib txawv piv ntawm 10: 0, 7: 3, 5: 5, 3: 7, 0: 10; tom qab ntawd ntxiv 70 ° C hauv dej C, do sai sai rau 30 min ntawm 120 rpm / min kom tag nrho HPMC tawg; tom qab ntawd ua kom sov cov tshuaj kom siab tshaj 95 ° C, do sai sai rau 1 h ntawm tib qhov ceev kom tiav gelatinize HPS; gelatinization tiav Tom qab ntawd, qhov ntsuas kub ntawm cov tshuaj tau txo qis mus rau 70 ° C, thiab HPMC tau yaj tag nrho los ntawm kev nplawm ntawm qeeb qeeb ntawm 80 rpm / min rau 40 min. (Tag nrho w / w hauv kab lus no yog: qhuav hauv paus loj ntawm cov qauv / tag nrho cov tshuaj loj).

2.2.2 Rheological zog ntawm HPMC/HPS compound system

2.2.2.1 Lub ntsiab lus ntawm rheological tsom xam

Lub rotational rheometer yog nruab nrog ib khub ntawm nce thiab nqis thaum uas tig mus clamps, thiab yooj yim shear txaus yuav pom tau los ntawm cov txheeb ze ntawm cov clamps. Lub rheometer tuaj yeem raug kuaj hauv hom kauj ruam, hom ntws thiab oscillation hom: hauv hom kauj ruam, lub rheometer tuaj yeem siv qhov kev ntxhov siab rau cov qauv, uas yog siv los ntsuas cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov lus teb thiab lub sijhawm nyob ruaj khov ntawm cov qauv. Kev ntsuam xyuas thiab cov lus teb viscoelastic xws li kev ntxhov siab so, nkag thiab rov qab los; Nyob rau hauv hom ndlwg, lub rheometer tuaj yeem siv cov kev ntxhov siab rau cov qauv, uas yog siv los ntsuas qhov kev vam khom ntawm cov viscosity ntawm cov qauv ntawm tus nqi shear thiab dependence ntawm viscosity ntawm kub thiab thixotropy; Nyob rau hauv oscillation hom, lub rheometer yuav tsim sinusoidal alternating oscillating kev nyuaj siab, uas yog tsuas yog siv rau kev txiav txim ntawm linear viscoelastic cheeb tsam, thermal stability ntsuam xyuas thiab gelation kub ntawm cov qauv.

2.2.2.2 Flow mode test method

Ib lub phaj sib npaug nrog lub cheeb ntawm 40 mm tau siv, thiab lub phaj sib nrug tau teem rau 0.5 hli.

1. Viscosity hloov nrog lub sijhawm. Qhov ntsuas kub yog 25 ° C, tus nqi shear yog 800 s-1, thiab lub sijhawm ntsuas yog 2500 s.

2. Viscosity sib txawv nrog tus nqi shear. Ntsuas kub 25 ° C, pre-shear tus nqi 800 s-1, pre-shear lub sij hawm 1000 s; shear rate 10²-10³s.

Lub shear stress (τ ) thiab shear rate (γ) ua raws li Ostwald-de Waele txoj cai fais fab:

̇τ=K.γ n(2-1)

qhov twg τ yog shear stress, Pa;

γ yog tus nqi shear, s-1;

n yog lub liquidity index;

K yog tus viscosity coefficient, Pa·sn.

Kev sib raug zoo ntawm viscosity (ŋ) ntawm cov tshuaj polymer thiab tus nqi shear (γ) tuaj yeem haum los ntawm carren modulus:

Ntawm lawv,ŋ0shear viscosity, Pa s;

ŋ∞yog infinite shear viscosity, Pa s;

λ yog lub sij hawm so, s;

n yog shear thinning index;

3. Peb-theem thixotropy xeem txoj kev. Qhov ntsuas kub yog 25 ° C, a. Cov theem nyob ruaj ruaj, tus nqi shear yog 1 s-1, thiab lub sijhawm xeem yog 50 s; b. Lub sijhawm shear, tus nqi shear yog 1000 s-1, thiab lub sijhawm xeem yog 20 s; c. Cov txheej txheem rov ua haujlwm, tus nqi shear yog 1 s-1, thiab lub sijhawm kuaj yog 250 s.

Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm cov qauv rov qab, qhov rov qab degree ntawm cov qauv tom qab sib txawv lub sij hawm rov qab yog qhia los ntawm tus nqi rov qab ntawm viscosity:

DSR = ŋt ⁄ ŋ╳100%

Ntawm lawv,ŋt yog lub viscosity ntawm cov txheej txheem rov qab lub sij hawm ts, Pa s;

hŋyog qhov viscosity kawg ntawm thawj theem, Pa s.

2.3 Cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev sib tham

2.3.1 Cov nyhuv ntawm shear lub sij hawm ntawm lub rheological zog ntawm lub compound system

Nyob rau ntawm tus nqi qis tas li, qhov pom tseeb viscosity tuaj yeem qhia qhov sib txawv nrog rau lub sijhawm shear. Daim duab 2-1 qhia txog qhov nkhaus ntawm viscosity piv rau lub sijhawm hauv HPMC/HPS compound system. Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab uas txuas ntxiv ntawm lub sijhawm shearing, pom meej viscosity txo qis tsis tu ncua. Thaum lub sij hawm shearing ncav cuag li 500 s, lub viscosity mus txog ib tug ruaj khov lub xeev, uas qhia tau hais tias lub viscosity ntawm lub compound system nyob rau hauv high-ceev shearing muaj ib tug tej yam nqi. Lub sij hawm dependence ntawm, uas yog, thixotropy yog nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm.

Yog li ntawd, thaum kawm txog kev hloov pauv txoj cai ntawm lub viscosity ntawm lub compound system nrog lub shear npaum li cas, ua ntej lub tiag tiag steady-lub xeev shear xeem, ib tug tej lub sij hawm ntawm high-speed pre-shearing yuav tsum tau tshem tawm cov cawv ntawm thixotropy ntawm lub compound system. . Yog li, txoj cai ntawm viscosity variation nrog shear tus nqi raws li ib qho tseem ceeb tau txais. Hauv qhov kev sim no, cov viscosity ntawm tag nrho cov qauv mus txog ib qho chaw ruaj khov ua ntej 1000 s ntawm qhov siab shear tus nqi ntawm 800 1 / s nrog lub sij hawm, uas tsis yog npaj rau ntawm no. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej kev sim tsim, pre-shearing rau 1000 s ntawm ib tug siab shear tus nqi ntawm 800 1 / s tau txais yuav los tshem tawm cov nyhuv ntawm thixotropy ntawm tag nrho cov qauv.

2.3.2 Cov nyhuv ntawm concentration ntawm rheological zog ntawm lub compound system

Feem ntau, cov viscosity ntawm cov tshuaj polymer nce nrog qhov nce ntawm cov tshuaj concentration. Daim duab 2-2 qhia tau hais tias cov nyhuv ntawm concentration ntawm shear rate dependence ntawm viscosity ntawm HPMC/HPS formulations. Los ntawm daim duab, peb tuaj yeem pom tias nyob rau tib lub shear npaum li cas, viscosity ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke maj mam nrog qhov nce ntawm cov tshuaj concentration. Lub viscosity ntawm HPMC / HPS cov kev daws teeb meem nrog ntau qhov sib txawv tau txo qis nrog qhov nce ntawm shear npaum li cas, qhia pom tseeb shear thinning tshwm sim, uas qhia tau hais tias cov kev daws teeb meem sib txawv nrog cov concentrations sib txawv ntawm cov kua dej pseudoplastic. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov shear rate dependence ntawm viscosity pom qhov sib txawv nrog kev hloov ntawm cov kua concentration. Thaum cov tshuaj concentration tsawg, cov shear thinning tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj sib xyaw yog me me; Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm cov tshuaj concentration, shear thinning tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj sib xyaw yog pom tseeb dua.

2.3.2.1 Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov concentration ntawm xoom shear viscosity ntawm compound system

Cov viscosity-shear tus nqi nkhaus ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv tau haum los ntawm Carren qauv, thiab xoom-shear viscosity ntawm cov tshuaj tov tau ntxiv (0.9960 <R₂< 0.9997). Cov nyhuv ntawm cov concentration ntawm viscosity ntawm cov tshuaj compound tuaj yeem kawm ntxiv los ntawm kev kawm txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm xoom shear viscosity thiab concentration. Los ntawm daim duab 2-3, nws tuaj yeem pom tias kev sib raug zoo ntawm xoom-shear viscosity thiab concentration ntawm cov tshuaj compound ua raws li txoj cai ntawm lub hwj chim:

qhov twg k thiab m yog qhov qub.

Hauv ob lub logarithmic kev tswj hwm, nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm txoj kab nqes m, nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias qhov kev vam khom rau qhov kev xav tau nthuav tawm ob qhov sib txawv. Raws li Dio-Edwards txoj kev xav, ntawm qhov tsawg concentration, txoj kab nqes siab dua (m = 11.9, R2 = 0.9942), uas belongs rau dilute tov; Thaum lub siab concentration, txoj kab nqes kuj qis (m = 2.8, R2 = 0.9822), uas belongs rau sub-Concentrated tov. Yog li ntawd, qhov tseem ceeb concentration C * ntawm lub compound system tuaj yeem txiav txim siab yog 8% los ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm ob cheeb tsam no. Raws li kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov xeev sib txawv thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov polymers hauv kev daws, cov qauv molecular xeev ntawm HPMC / HPS compound system nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias yog npaj, raws li qhia hauv daim duab 2-3.

HPS yog ib qho txias gel, nws yog ib lub xeev gel ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thiab nws yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Ntawm qhov ntsuas kub (25 ° C), HPS yog lub xeev gel, raws li qhia hauv cheeb tsam xiav hauv daim duab; ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, HPMC yog cov gel kub, Ntawm qhov ntsuas kub, nws yog nyob rau hauv ib qho kev daws teeb meem, raws li qhia hauv kab liab molecule.

Hauv kev daws teeb meem ntawm C < C *, HPMC cov saw hlau molecular feem ntau muaj nyob hauv cov saw hlau ywj pheej, thiab cov ntim tsis suav nrog ua rau cov saw hlau sib cais ntawm ib leeg; Ntxiv mus, HPS gel theem cuam tshuam nrog ob peb HPMC molecules los tsim ib qho tag nrho Daim ntawv thiab HPMC ywj siab molecular chains muaj nyob nyias ntawm ib leeg, raws li qhia hauv daim duab 2-2a.

Nrog rau qhov nce concentration, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov kev ywj pheej molecular chains thiab theem cheeb tsam maj mam txo. Thaum qhov tseem ceeb ntawm C * tau mus txog, HPMC cov molecules cuam tshuam nrog HPS gel theem maj mam nce, thiab cov kev ywj pheej HPMC molecular chains pib sib txuas, tsim HPS theem ua lub gel chaw, thiab HPMC molecular chains yog intertwined. thiab txuas nrog ib leeg. Lub xeev microgel tau qhia hauv daim duab 2-2b.

Nrog rau kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov concentration, C> C *, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm HPS gel theem yog txo qis, thiab cov entangled HPMC polymer chains thiab HPS theem cheeb tsam ua ntau nyuaj thiab kev sib cuam tshuam yog khaus, yog li cov tshuaj qhia tus cwj pwm. zoo ib yam li cov polymer melts, raws li qhia hauv daim duab 2-2c.

2.3.2.2 Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov kua dej ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke

Txoj cai lij choj Ostwald-de Waele fais fab (saib cov mis (2-1)) yog siv los ua kom haum rau cov kev ntxhov siab shear thiab shear tus nqi nkhaus (tsis muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem) ntawm qhov sib xyaw ua ke nrog ntau qhov sib txawv, thiab cov ndlwg Performance index n thiab viscosity coefficient. K tuaj yeem tau txais. , qhov tshwm sim haum yog raws li qhia hauv Table 2-1.

Table 2-1 Flow Behavior Performance index (n) thiab kua dej sib xws Performance index (K) ntawm HPS/HPMC tov nrog ntau yam concentration ntawm 25 ° C

Cov dej exponent ntawm Newtonian kua yog n = 1, qhov ntws exponent ntawm pseudoplastic kua yog n <1, thiab qhov deb n deviates los ntawm 1, lub zog pseudoplasticity ntawm cov kua, thiab cov ntws exponent ntawm dilatant kua yog n> 1. Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm Table 2-1 tias qhov n qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem sib txawv nrog ntau qhov sib txawv yog txhua yam tsawg dua 1, qhia tias cov kev daws teeb meem yog tag nrho cov kua dej pseudoplastic. Ntawm qhov tsis tshua muaj siab, tus nqi n ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem rov qab yog ze rau 0, uas qhia tau hais tias cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke tsis tshua muaj nyob ze rau Newtonian kua, vim tias nyob rau hauv cov kev daws teeb meem qis qis, cov saw hlau polymer muaj nyob ntawm nws tus kheej ntawm ib leeg. Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm cov tshuaj concentration, n tus nqi ntawm cov compound system maj mam txo, uas qhia tau hais tias qhov nce ntawm cov concentration txhim kho tus cwj pwm pseudoplastic ntawm cov compound tov. Kev sib cuam tshuam xws li entanglement tshwm sim nruab nrab ntawm thiab nrog HPS theem, thiab nws tus cwj pwm ntws tau ze rau ntawm cov polymer melts.

Thaum qis concentration, viscosity coefficient K ntawm lub compound system yog me me (C < 8%, K < 1 Pa·sn), thiab nrog rau kev nce siab concentration, K tus nqi ntawm cov compound system maj mam nce, qhia tias viscosity ntawm Qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke poob qis, uas zoo ib yam nrog cov concentration dependence ntawm xoom shear viscosity.

2.3.3 Kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom rheological ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke

Daim duab 2-4 Viscosity vs. shear rate ntawm HPMC/HPS tov nrog sib txawv sib piv ntawm 25 ° C

Table 2-2 Flow Behavior Performance index (n) thiab kua dej sib xws Performance index (K) ntawm HPS/HPMC tov nrog ntau yam sib xyaw ntawm 25 °

Daim duab 2-4 qhia txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm HPMC / HPS compounding kua viscosity. Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab uas cov viscosity ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw nrog cov ntsiab lus HPS tsawg (HPS < 20%) tsis hloov pauv ntau nrog qhov nce ntawm shear npaum li cas, feem ntau vim tias nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem sib xyaw nrog cov ntsiab lus HPS tsawg, HPMC hauv kev daws teeb meem. ntawm qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov tsis tu ncua; Lub viscosity ntawm lub compound system nrog siab HPS cov ntsiab lus maj mam txo nrog qhov nce ntawm shear npaum li cas, qhia pom tseeb shear thinning tshwm sim, uas qhia tau hais tias cov compound tov yog pseudoplastic kua. Nyob rau tib lub shear tus nqi, lub viscosity ntawm cov tshuaj compound nce nrog nce ntawm HPS cov ntsiab lus, uas yog vim HPS nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau viscous gel lub xeev ntawm tsawg kub.

Siv txoj cai lij choj Ostwald-de Waele fais fab (saib cov qauv (2-1)) kom haum cov shear stress-shear rate curves (tsis qhia nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem) ntawm cov compound systems uas sib txawv compound ratios, flow exponent n thiab viscosity coefficient K, cov txiaj ntsig haum tau pom nyob rau hauv Table 2-2. Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm lub rooj hais tias 0.9869 < R2 < 0.9999, cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua. Lub ndlwg Performance index n ntawm lub compound system txo qis nrog qhov nce ntawm HPS cov ntsiab lus, thaum lub viscosity coefficient K qhia ib tug maj mam nce nrog rau qhov nce ntawm HPS cov ntsiab lus, qhia tau hais tias qhov sib ntxiv ntawm HPS ua rau cov compound tov ntau viscosity thiab nyuaj ntws. . Cov qauv no zoo ib yam nrog Zhang cov txiaj ntsig kev tshawb fawb, tab sis rau tib qhov sib xyaw ua ke, tus nqi n ntawm cov tshuaj sib xyaw yog siab dua li Zhang qhov tshwm sim [305], uas yog vim li cas ua ntej shearing tau ua hauv qhov kev sim no kom tshem tawm cov nyhuv ntawm thixotropy. raug tshem tawm; Qhov tshwm sim Zhang yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm thixotropy thiab shear npaum li cas; kev sib cais ntawm ob txoj hauv kev no yuav raug tham kom ntxaws hauv Tshooj 5.

2.3.3.1 Kev cuam tshuam ntawm compounding piv rau xoom shear viscosity ntawm compounding system

Kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov khoom rheological ntawm homogeneous polymer compound system thiab cov khoom rheological ntawm cov khoom hauv lub cev ua raws li txoj cai logarithmic summation. Rau ob lub ntsiab lus sib xyaw ua ke, kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kab ke sib xyaw thiab txhua qhov tuaj yeem qhia tau los ntawm cov kab zauv hauv qab no:

Ntawm lawv, F yog rheological khoom parameter ntawm lub complex system;

F1, F2 yog qhov ntsuas rheological ntawm Cheebtsam 1 thiab Cheebtsam 2, ntsig txog;

∅1 thiab ∅2 yog cov feem ntau ntawm cov khoom 1 thiab cov khoom 2, raws li, thiab ∅1 ∅2 .

Yog li ntawd, lub xoom-shear viscosity ntawm lub compound system tom qab compounding nrog sib txawv compounding ratios yuav xam raws li lub logarithmic summation txoj cai los xam tus nqi kwv yees sib xws. Qhov kev sim qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem sib xyaw nrog cov sib xyaw sib txawv tseem tau ntxiv los ntawm carren haum ntawm viscosity-shear tus nqi nkhaus. Qhov kwv yees tus nqi ntawm xoom shear viscosity ntawm HPMC / HPS cov kab ke sib xyaw nrog cov sib xyaw sib txawv yog piv nrog cov nqi sim, raws li pom hauv daim duab 2-5.

Lub dotted kab ib feem nyob rau hauv daim duab yog qhov kwv yees tus nqi ntawm xoom shear viscosity ntawm cov compound tov tau los ntawm lub logarithmic sum txoj cai, thiab cov dotted kab graph yog qhov kev sim tus nqi ntawm lub compound system nrog sib txawv compounding ratios. Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab uas qhov kev sim ntawm qhov kev daws teeb meem pom muaj qee qhov zoo-tsis zoo-kev sib txawv ntawm cov kev cai sib xyaw, qhia tias cov txheej txheem sib xyaw tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav thermodynamic compatibility, thiab cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke yog qhov txuas mus ntxiv-kev sib cais ntawm Qhov kub tsis tshua muaj "hiav txwv-kos" qauv ntawm ob-theem system; thiab nrog kev txo qis ntawm HPMC / HPS compounding piv, qhov txuas txuas ntxiv ntawm qhov sib xyaw ua ke hloov tom qab qhov sib xyaw ua ke yog 4: 6. Tshooj tham txog kev tshawb fawb kom ntxaws.

Nws tuaj yeem pom tseeb los ntawm daim duab tias thaum HPMC / HPS compound ratio yog loj, lub compound system muaj qhov tsis zoo sib txawv, uas tej zaum yuav yog vim qhov siab viscosity HPS raug faib rau hauv lub xeev dispersed nyob rau hauv qis viscosity HPMC nruam theem nruab nrab. . Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm HPS cov ntsiab lus, muaj qhov sib txawv zoo hauv cov txheej txheem sib xyaw, qhia tias qhov kev hloov pauv txuas mus ntxiv tshwm sim hauv cov txheej txheem sib xyaw rau lub sijhawm no. HPS nrog cov viscosity siab dhau los ua cov theem txuas ntxiv ntawm cov kab ke sib txuas, thaum HPMC tau tawg mus rau theem txuas ntxiv ntawm HPS nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntau dua.

2.3.3.2 Kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov dej coj tus cwj pwm ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke

Cov duab 2-6 qhia qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas n ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua haujlwm ntawm HPS cov ntsiab lus. Txij li thaum lub flow index n yog haum los ntawm lub log-logarithmic coordinate, n ntawm no yog ib tug linear sum. Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab uas nrog qhov nce ntawm HPS cov ntsiab lus, qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas n ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke maj mam txo qis, qhia tias HPS txo cov kua dej Newtonian ntawm cov tshuaj sib xyaw thiab txhim kho nws cov kua dej pseudoplastic. Qhov qis dua yog lub xeev gel nrog ntau dua viscosity. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab tias kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov sib xyaw ua ke thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm HPS ua raws li kev sib raug zoo (R2 yog 0.98062), qhov no qhia tau hais tias qhov sib xyaw ua ke muaj kev sib raug zoo.

2.3.3.3 Kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm viscosity coefficient ntawm compounding system

Daim duab 2-7 qhia cov viscosity coefficient K ntawm cov tshuaj compounded raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm HPS cov ntsiab lus. Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab uas tus nqi K ntawm cov ntshiab HPMC yog qhov tsawg heev, thaum tus nqi K ntawm cov ntshiab HPS yog qhov loj tshaj plaws, uas muaj feem xyuam rau cov gel cov khoom ntawm HPMC thiab HPS, uas yog nyob rau hauv kev daws thiab gel lub xeev raws li ntawm kub kub. Thaum cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov qis-viscosity tivthaiv yog siab, uas yog, thaum cov ntsiab lus ntawm HPS yog tsawg, lub viscosity coefficient ntawm cov compound tov yog ze rau ntawm cov uas tsis muaj-viscosity tivthaiv HPMC; thaum lub sij hawm thaum cov ntsiab lus ntawm high-viscosity tivthaiv yog siab, K tus nqi ntawm cov compound tov nce nrog rau qhov nce ntawm HPS cov ntsiab lus tau nce loj, uas qhia tau hais tias HPS nce lub viscosity ntawm HPMC ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Qhov no feem ntau qhia txog kev koom tes ntawm viscosity ntawm cov theem txuas ntxiv mus rau viscosity ntawm cov kab ke sib xyaw. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej sib txawv uas qhov qis-viscosity tivthaiv yog cov theem nruam thiab high-viscosity tivthaiv yog qhov txuas mus ntxiv, qhov kev koom tes ntawm cov theem viscosity txuas ntxiv mus rau viscosity ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw yog pom tseeb txawv. Thaum tsis tshua muaj viscosity HPMC yog lub sij hawm tas mus li, viscosity ntawm lub compound system feem ntau qhia txog kev koom tes ntawm viscosity ntawm lub nruam theem; thiab thaum lub high-viscosity HPS yog lub sij hawm tas mus li, HPMC raws li lub dispersed theem yuav txo cov viscosity ntawm high-viscosity HPS. nyhuv.

2.3.4 Thixotropy

Thixotropy tuaj yeem siv los ntsuas qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom siv lossis ntau lub tshuab, vim tias thixotropy tuaj yeem tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov qauv sab hauv thiab qib ntawm kev puas tsuaj hauv shearing force [323-325]. Thixotropy tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub cev thiab cov keeb kwm shear ua rau kev hloov pauv ntawm microstructural [324, 326]. Txoj kev peb-theem thixotropic tau siv los kawm txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib xyaw sib txawv ntawm cov khoom thixotropic ntawm cov txheej txheem compounding. Raws li tuaj yeem pom los ntawm Daim duab 2-5, txhua qhov kev kuaj pom muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm thixotropy. Ntawm cov nqi qis qis, cov viscosity ntawm cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke tau nce ntxiv nrog qhov nce ntawm HPS cov ntsiab lus, uas tau ua raws li kev hloov pauv ntawm xoom-shear viscosity nrog HPS cov ntsiab lus.

Cov txheej txheem rov qab los ntawm DSR ntawm cov qauv sib xyaw ntawm lub sijhawm rov qab sib txawv yog xam los ntawm cov qauv (2-3), raws li qhia hauv Table 2-1. Yog tias DSR <1, tus qauv muaj qhov tsis zoo shear, thiab cov qauv yog thixotropic; conversely, yog DSR > 1, tus qauv muaj anti-thixotropy. Los ntawm lub rooj, peb tuaj yeem pom tias DSR tus nqi ntawm HPMC ntshiab yog siab heev, yuav luag 1, qhov no yog vim hais tias HPMC molecule yog ib txoj hlua khov, thiab nws lub sij hawm so yog luv, thiab cov qauv rov qab sai sai nyob rau hauv siab shear quab yuam. Tus nqi DSR ntawm HPS yog qhov tsawg, uas lees paub nws cov khoom muaj zog thixotropic, feem ntau vim tias HPS yog cov saw hloov tau yooj yim thiab nws lub sijhawm so ntev. Cov qauv tsis zoo tag nrho hauv lub sijhawm sim.

Rau cov kev daws teeb meem, nyob rau tib lub sijhawm rov qab los, thaum HPMC cov ntsiab lus ntau dua 70%, DSR poob sai nrog qhov nce ntawm HPS cov ntsiab lus, vim HPS cov saw hlau molecular yog cov saw hloov tau yooj yim, thiab cov xov tooj ntawm cov saw hlau molecular. nyob rau hauv lub compound system nce nrog ntxiv ntawm HPS. Yog tias nws txo qis, lub sijhawm so ntawm tag nrho cov molecular ntu ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke tau ntev, thiab thixotropy ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw tsis tuaj yeem rov qab los sai sai hauv qhov kev txiav txim siab shear. Thaum cov ntsiab lus ntawm HPMC tsawg dua 70%, DSR nce nrog qhov nce ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm HPS, uas qhia tau hais tias muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov saw hlau molecular ntawm HPS thiab HPMC hauv cov txheej txheem sib xyaw, uas txhim kho tag nrho cov rigidity ntawm molecular. ntu nyob rau hauv lub compound system thiab shortens lub sij hawm so ntawm lub compound system yog txo, thiab thixotropy txo.

Tsis tas li ntawd, tus nqi DSR ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke tau qis dua li ntawm HPMC ntshiab, uas tau qhia tias thixotropy ntawm HPMC tau txhim kho zoo los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke. Qhov DSR qhov tseem ceeb ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov qauv hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke tau ntau dua li cov HPS ntshiab, qhia tias kev ruaj ntseg ntawm HPS tau txhim kho rau qee yam.

Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem pom los ntawm lub rooj hais tias thaum lub sijhawm rov qab sib txawv, DSR qhov tseem ceeb txhua tus qhia qhov qis tshaj plaws thaum HPMC cov ntsiab lus yog 70%, thiab thaum cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ntau dua 60%, DSR tus nqi ntawm cov complex yog siab dua. uas yog HPS ntshiab. DSR qhov tseem ceeb hauv 10 s ntawm tag nrho cov qauv yog ze rau qhov kawg DSR qhov tseem ceeb, uas qhia tau hais tias cov qauv ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua tiav feem ntau ntawm cov dej num ntawm cov qauv rov qab hauv 10 s. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias cov qauv sib xyaw nrog cov ntsiab lus HPS siab tau pom qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov nce thaum xub thawj thiab tom qab ntawd txo qis nrog lub sijhawm ntev ntawm kev rov qab los, uas qhia tau hais tias cov qauv sib xyaw kuj pom muaj qee qhov ntawm thixotropy nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qis shear, thiab lawv cov qauv tsis ruaj khov.

Kev soj ntsuam zoo ntawm peb-theem thixotropy zoo ib yam nrog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm thixotropic ring test, tab sis cov txiaj ntsig kev soj ntsuam kom muaj nuj nqis tsis sib haum nrog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm thixotropic nplhaib. Lub thixotropy ntawm HPMC / HPS compound system tau ntsuas los ntawm thixotropic nplhaib txoj kev nrog nce ntawm HPS cov ntsiab lus [305]. Degeneration thawj zaug txo qis thiab tom qab ntawd nce. Kev ntsuas lub nplhaib thixotropic tsuas tuaj yeem kwv yees tias muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm thixotropic, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem lees paub nws, vim tias lub nplhaib thixotropic yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua haujlwm ib txhij ntawm lub sijhawm txiav thiab txiav tus nqi [325-327].

2.4 Cov ntsiab lus ntawm tshooj no

Hauv tshooj no, cov thermal gel HPMC thiab cov gel txias HPS tau siv los ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb los tsim kom muaj ob-theem sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov gel txias thiab kub. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm rheological zog xws li viscosity, ntws qauv thiab thixotropy. Raws li kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov xeev sib txawv thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov polymers hauv kev daws teeb meem, lub xeev molecular qauv ntawm HPMC / HPS compound system nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias yog npaj. Raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm logarithmic summation ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov khoom sib txawv nyob rau hauv lub compound system, lub compatibility ntawm lub compound system tau kawm. Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb yog raws li hauv qab no:

1. Cov qauv sib xyaw nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv txhua qhov pom tau hais tias qee qhov ntawm cov shear thinning, thiab cov degree ntawm shear thinning tau nce nrog kev nce siab.
2. Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm cov concentration, qhov khiav Performance index ntawm cov compound system txo, thiab xoom-shear viscosity thiab viscosity coefficient nce, qhia tau hais tias cov khoom zoo li tus cwj pwm ntawm cov compound system tau txhim kho.
3. Muaj ib qho tseem ceeb concentration (8%) nyob rau hauv lub HPMC / HPS compound system, hauv qab qhov tseem ceeb concentration, lub HPMC molecular chains thiab lub HPS gel theem cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv lub compound tov yog sib cais los ntawm ib leeg thiab muaj nyob ntawm nws tus kheej; Thaum qhov tseem ceeb concentration yog mus txog, nyob rau hauv lub compound tov Ib lub xeev microgel yog tsim nrog lub HPS theem raws li lub gel chaw, thiab cov HPMC molecular chains yog intertwined thiab kev cob cog rua rau ib leeg; saum toj no qhov tseem ceeb concentration, cov neeg coob coob HPMC macromolecular chains thiab lawv intertwining nrog HPS theem cheeb tsam yog complex, thiab kev sib tshuam yog complex. khaus ntau dua, yog li cov kev daws teeb meem zoo li cov polymer yaj.
4. Qhov sib xyaw ua ke muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau cov khoom siv rheological ntawm HPMC / HPS compound tov. Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm HPS cov ntsiab lus, shear thinning phenomenon ntawm lub compound system yog pom tseeb dua, cov flow index maj mam txo, thiab xoom-shear viscosity thiab viscosity coefficient maj mam nce. nce, qhia tau hais tias cov khoom zoo li tus cwj pwm ntawm cov complex yog ho txhim kho.
5. Lub zero-shear viscosity ntawm lub compound system qhia txog qee qhov zoo-tsis zoo-kev sib txawv ntawm cov kev cai logarithmic summation. Cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke yog ob-theem txheej txheem nrog rau theem txuas ntxiv-kho cov theem "sea-kos" qauv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thiab, Raws li HPMC / HPS compounding piv tau txo qis tom qab 4: 6, cov theem txuas ntxiv ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke tau hloov.
6. Muaj ib qho kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov ndlwg Performance index thiab cov compounding ratio ntawm cov compounded daws nrog sib txawv compounding ratios, uas qhia tau hais tias lub compounding system muaj zoo compatibility.
7. Rau HPMC / HPS compound system, thaum qhov qis-viscosity tivthaiv yog cov theem txuas ntxiv thiab cov viscosity siab yog qhov txuas mus ntxiv, qhov kev koom tes ntawm cov theem viscosity mus rau qhov viscosity ntawm lub compound system yog sib txawv heev. Thaum cov viscosity tsawg HPMC yog cov theem tas mus li, lub viscosity ntawm lub compound system feem ntau qhia txog kev koom tes ntawm cov viscosity tsis tu ncua; Thaum lub sij hawm thaum lub high-viscosity HPS yog lub nruam theem, lub HPMC raws li lub disperse theem yuav txo cov viscosity ntawm high-viscosity HPS. nyhuv.
8. Peb-theem thixotropy tau siv los kawm txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm thixotropy ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw. Lub thixotropy ntawm lub compounded system pom ib tug qauv ntawm thawj txo qis thiab tom qab ntawd nce nrog qhov txo qis ntawm HPMC / HPS compounding piv.
9. Cov txiaj ntsig kev sim saum toj no qhia tau hais tias los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm HPMC thiab HPS, rheological zog ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus, xws li viscosity, shear thinning phenomenon thiab thixotropy, tau sib npaug rau qee yam.

Tshooj 3 Kev Npaj thiab Cov Khoom ntawm HPMC/HPS Edible Composite Films

Polymer compounding yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws kom ua tiav cov khoom siv sib txuas ua ke, tsim cov ntaub ntawv tshiab nrog kev ua tau zoo, txo cov nqi khoom, thiab nthuav dav daim ntawv thov ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv [240-242, 328]. Tom qab ntawd, vim qee cov qauv molecular sib txawv thiab conformational entropy ntawm cov polymers sib txawv, feem ntau cov polymer compounding systems yog incompatible los yog ib feem sib xws [11, 12]. Cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab lwm yam macroscopic zog ntawm lub polymer compound system yog ze ze rau lub physicochemical zog ntawm txhua yam, lub compounding piv ntawm txhua yam, compatibility ntawm lub Cheebtsam, thiab lub internal microscopic qauv thiab lwm yam [240, 329].

Los ntawm cov qauv tshuaj ntawm qhov pom, ob qho tib si HPMC thiab HPS yog hydrophilic curdlan, muaj tib lub qauv qauv - qabzib, thiab raug hloov los ntawm tib pab pawg ua haujlwm - hydroxypropyl pawg, yog li HPMC thiab HPS yuav tsum muaj theem zoo. Capacitance. Txawm li cas los xij, HPMC yog ib qho thermally induced gel, uas yog nyob rau hauv ib qho kev daws teeb meem nrog viscosity tsawg heev ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thiab tsim ib tug colloid ntawm kub; HPS yog ib qho gel uas ua rau mob khaub thuas, uas yog cov gel uas tsis tshua muaj kub thiab nyob rau hauv ib qho kev daws teeb meem ntawm qhov kub siab; cov gel tej yam kev mob thiab tus cwj pwm txawv kiag li. Kev sib xyaw ntawm HPMC thiab HPS tsis yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov kab ke sib luag nrog kev sib raug zoo. Muab rau hauv tus account cov qauv tshuaj thiab cov thermodynamics, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb theoretical thiab cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev sib xyaw HPMC nrog HPS los tsim kom muaj qhov txias-kub gel compound system.

Tshooj lus no tsom mus rau txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov khoom siv hauv lub cev ntawm cov khoom hauv HPMC / HPS txias thiab kub gel compound system, qhov sib xyaw ua ke thiab cov av noo ntawm ib puag ncig ntawm microscopic morphology, kev sib raug zoo thiab theem sib cais, cov khoom siv kho qhov muag, cov khoom siv kho qhov muag. , thiab thermal poob zog ntawm lub compound system. Thiab qhov cuam tshuam ntawm macroscopic zog xws li oxygen barrier zog.

3.1 Cov khoom siv thiab khoom siv

3.1.1 Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev sim

3.1.2 Cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb thiab khoom siv

3.2 Kev sim txoj kev

3.2.1 Kev npaj ntawm HPMC/HPS edible composite film

Lub 15% (w / w) hmoov qhuav ntawm HPMC thiab HPS yog tov nrog 3% (w / w) Polyethylene glycol plasticizer yog compounded nyob rau hauv dej deionized kom tau cov compounded film-forming kua, thiab cov edible composite zaj duab xis ntawm HPMC / HPS tau npaj los ntawm txoj kev casting.

Txoj kev npaj: thawj zaug hnyav HPMC thiab HPS qhuav hmoov, thiab sib tov raws li qhov sib txawv; tom qab ntawd ntxiv rau hauv dej 70 ° C, thiab do sai sai ntawm 120 rpm / min rau 30 min kom tag nrho HPMC tawg; tom qab ntawd ua kom sov cov tshuaj kom siab tshaj 95 ° C, do sai sai ntawm tib lub ceev rau 1 h kom tiav gelatinize HPS; Tom qab gelatinization tiav lawm, qhov kub ntawm cov tshuaj yog sai txo mus rau 70 ° C, thiab cov tshuaj yog stirred ntawm ib tug qeeb ceev ntawm 80 rpm / min rau 40 min. Ua kom tiav HPMC. Ncuav 20 g ntawm cov tshuaj sib tov sib xyaw rau hauv ib lub tais polystyrene petri nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 15 cm, cam khwb cia, thiab qhuav ntawm 37 ° C. Cov zaj duab xis qhuav yog tev tawm ntawm lub disc kom tau txais cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke.

Cov yeeb yaj kiab uas tau noj tau txhua tus sib npaug ntawm 57% av noo ntau dua 3 hnub ua ntej kev sim, thiab cov khoom siv tau siv tau rau kev ntsuas cov cuab yeej cuab tam tau sib npaug ntawm 75% av noo ntau tshaj 3 hnub.

3.2.2 Micromorphology ntawm edible composite zaj duab xis ntawm HPMC/HPS

3.2.2.1 Kev soj ntsuam txoj cai ntawm scanning electron microscope

Cov phom hluav taws xob nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) tuaj yeem tso tawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau. Tom qab txo qis thiab tsom, nws tuaj yeem tsim ib lub teeb hluav taws xob nrog qee lub zog thiab kev siv zog. Tsav los ntawm qhov chaw sib nqus ntawm lub scanning kauj, raws li lub sijhawm thiab qhov chaw txiav txim Scan lub nto ntawm tus qauv taw tes los ntawm taw tes. Vim yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov chaw micro-chaw, kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov qauv thiab cov kab hluav taws xob yuav ua rau cov hluav taws xob theem nrab nrog cov kev sib txawv sib txawv, uas tau sau los ntawm tus ntes thiab hloov mus rau hauv cov teeb liab hluav taws xob, uas yog amplified los ntawm cov yees duab. thiab nkag mus rau Daim phiaj ntawm daim duab raj, tom qab kho qhov ci ntawm lub raj duab, cov duab thib ob tuaj yeem tau txais uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov morphology thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm micro cheeb tsam ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov qauv. Piv nrog rau cov tshuaj kho qhov muag microscopes, qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm SEM yog qhov siab, txog 3nm-6nm ntawm txheej txheej ntawm cov qauv, uas yog tsim nyog rau kev soj ntsuam ntawm micro-structure nta ntawm cov khoom siv.

3.2.2.2 Test method

Cov yeeb yaj kiab uas tau noj tau muab tso rau hauv lub tshuab desiccator kom qhuav, thiab qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom noj tau raug xaiv, muab tso rau ntawm SEM tshwj xeeb qauv theem nrog cov nplaum nplaum, thiab tom qab ntawd kub-plated nrog lub tshuab nqus tsev coater. Thaum lub sij hawm xeem, tus qauv tau muab tso rau hauv SEM, thiab lub microscopic morphology ntawm tus qauv raug soj ntsuam thiab yees duab ntawm 300 zaug thiab 1000 zaug magnification nyob rau hauv lub electron beam acceleration voltage ntawm 5 kV.

3.2.3 Lub teeb transmittance ntawm HPMC/HPS edible composite zaj duab xis

3.2.3.1 Kev soj ntsuam txoj cai ntawm UV-Vis spectrophotometric

UV-Vis spectrophotometer tuaj yeem tawm lub teeb nrog lub wavelength ntawm 200 ~ 800nm ​​thiab irradiate rau ntawm qhov khoom. Qee qhov tshwj xeeb wavelengths ntawm lub teeb nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem lub teeb yog absorbed los ntawm cov khoom, thiab molecular vibrational zog theem hloov thiab hluav taws xob theem hloov tshwm sim. Txij li txhua yam khoom muaj cov qauv molecular, atomic thiab molecular spatial, txhua yam khoom muaj nws qhov tshwj xeeb nqus spectrum, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem txiav txim siab lossis txiav txim siab raws li qib ntawm absorbance ntawm qee qhov tshwj xeeb wavelengths ntawm qhov nqus spectrum. Yog li, UV-Vis spectrophotometric tsom xam yog ib qho ntawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo los kawm txog kev muaj pes tsawg leeg, qauv thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom.

Thaum lub teeb ntawm lub teeb hits ib yam khoom, ib feem ntawm qhov teeb meem teeb yog absorbed los ntawm cov khoom, thiab lwm qhov ntawm qhov teeb meem teeb yog kis los ntawm cov khoom; Qhov sib piv ntawm qhov sib kis lub teeb siv rau qhov teeb meem teeb pom kev yog qhov transmittance.

Cov mis rau kev sib raug zoo ntawm absorbance thiab transmittance yog:

Ntawm lawv, A yog qhov nqus;

T yog transmittance, %.

Qhov kawg absorbance yog uniformly kho los ntawm absorbance × 0.25 mm / thickness.

3.2.3.2 Test method

Npaj 5% HPMC thiab HPS cov kev daws teeb meem, sib tov raws li qhov sib txawv, ncuav 10 g ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab tsim cov tshuaj rau hauv ib lub tais polystyrene petri nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 15 cm, thiab qhuav lawv ntawm 37 ° C los ua ib zaj duab xis. Txiav cov edible zaj duab xis rau hauv 1 hli × 3 hli daim kab xev, muab tso rau hauv lub cuvette, thiab ua kom cov edible zaj duab xis nyob ze rau lub puab phab ntsa ntawm lub cuvette. Lub WFZ UV-3802 UV-vis spectrophotometer tau siv los ntsuas cov qauv ntawm tag nrho cov wavelength ntawm 200-800 nm, thiab txhua tus qauv tau sim 5 zaug.

3.2.4 Dynamic thermomechanical zog ntawm HPMC/HPS edible composite films

3.2.4.1 Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm dynamic thermomechanical tsom xam

Dynamic Thermomechanical Analysis (DMA) yog ib qho cuab yeej uas tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm huab hwm coj thiab qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov qauv nyob rau hauv ib qho kev poob siab load thiab programmed kub, thiab tuaj yeem kuaj cov khoom siv ntawm cov qauv hauv qab kev txiav txim ntawm lub sij hawm hloov kev ntxhov siab thiab lub sij hawm, kub thiab kub. kev sib raug zoo.

High molecular polymers muaj viscoelastic zog, uas tuaj yeem khaws cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo li lub elastomer ntawm ib sab, thiab siv lub zog zoo li mucus ntawm qhov tod tes. Thaum lub sij hawm hloov lub zog yog siv, qhov elastic ib feem hloov lub zog rau hauv lub zog muaj peev xwm thiab khaws cia; thaum lub viscous ib feem converts lub zog rau hauv tshav kub zog thiab poob nws. Cov ntaub ntawv polymer feem ntau nthuav tawm ob lub xeev ntawm cov iav kub tsis tshua muaj lub xeev thiab cov roj hmab kub siab, thiab qhov hloov pauv kub ntawm ob lub xeev yog cov iav hloov pauv kub. Qhov kub hloov pauv ntawm iav ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau cov qauv thiab cov khoom ntawm cov khoom, thiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm polymers.

Los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom siv thermomechanical ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov viscoelasticity ntawm cov polymers tuaj yeem raug soj ntsuam, thiab cov kev ntsuas tseem ceeb uas txiav txim siab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov polymers tuaj yeem tau txais, yog li lawv tuaj yeem siv tau zoo dua rau qhov chaw siv tiag tiag. Tsis tas li ntawd, dynamic thermomechanical tsom xam yog rhiab heev rau iav kev hloov pauv, theem sib cais, sib txuas sib txuas, crystallization thiab molecular motion ntawm txhua theem ntawm molecular ntu, thiab tuaj yeem tau txais ntau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov qauv thiab cov khoom ntawm polymers. Nws yog feem ntau siv los kawm txog cov molecules ntawm polymers. tus cwj pwm txav. Siv qhov ntsuas kub cheb hom ntawm DMA, qhov tshwm sim ntawm theem hloov pauv xws li iav hloov tuaj yeem kuaj. Piv nrog DSC, DMA muaj ntau dua rhiab heev thiab tsim nyog rau kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv simulating siv tiag tiag.

3.2.4.2 Test method

Xaiv cov qauv huv, zoo ib yam, tiaj tus thiab tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj, thiab txiav rau hauv 10mm × 20mm daim duab plaub. Cov qauv raug kuaj hauv hom tensile siv Pydris Pob Zeb Diamond dynamic thermomechanical analyzer los ntawm PerkinElmer, USA. Qhov ntsuas kub yog 25 ~ 150 ° C, qhov cua sov yog 2 ° C / min, zaus yog 1 Hz, thiab qhov ntsuas tau rov ua dua ob zaug rau txhua tus qauv. Thaum lub sij hawm kev sim, qhov cia modulus (E') thiab poob modulus (E") ntawm cov qauv raug kaw, thiab qhov piv ntawm qhov poob modulus mus rau lub cia modulus, uas yog, lub tangent kaum sab xis tan δ, kuj yuav xam tau.

3.2.5 Thermal stability ntawm HPMC/HPS edible composite films

3.2.5.1 Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ntsuas thermogravimetric

Thermal Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov qauv nrog qhov kub lossis lub sijhawm ntawm qhov programmed kub, thiab tuaj yeem siv los kawm txog qhov ua tau evaporation, melting, sublimation, lub cev qhuav dej, decomposition thiab oxidation ntawm cov khoom thaum lub sij hawm cua sov txheej txheem. . thiab lwm yam tshwm sim ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj. Kev sib raug zoo nkhaus ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov teeb meem thiab qhov kub thiab txias (los yog lub sij hawm) tau ncaj qha tom qab cov qauv raug kuaj yog hu ua thermogravimetric (TGA nkhaus). poob phaus thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv. Derivative Thermogravimetric nkhaus (DTG nkhaus) tuaj yeem tau txais tom qab thawj qhov kev txiav txim derivation ntawm TGA nkhaus, uas qhia txog qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov qauv kuaj nrog qhov kub lossis lub sijhawm, thiab lub ncov taw tes yog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm qhov tsis tu ncua. tus nqi.

3.2.5.2 Test method

Xaiv cov yeeb yaj kiab uas siv tau nrog cov tuab tuab, txiav nws mus rau hauv lub voj voog nrog tib txoj kab uas hla raws li cov ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas, thiab tom qab ntawd muab nws tso rau ntawm qhov ntsuas disk, thiab sim nws hauv cov cua nitrogen nrog qhov ntws ntawm 20 mL / min. . Qhov ntsuas kub yog 30-700 ° C, qhov cua sov yog 10 ° C / min, thiab txhua tus qauv raug kuaj ob zaug.

3.2.6.1 Ntsiab cai ntawm tensile khoom tsom xam

3.2.6 Tensile zog ntawm HPMC/HPS edible composite films

Cov cuab yeej siv tshuab tuaj yeem siv lub zog tensile zoo li qub rau lub spline raws qhov ntev axis nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias, av noo thiab ceev ceev kom txog thaum lub spline tawg. Thaum lub sij hawm qhov kev xeem, lub load thov mus rau lub spline thiab nws cov deformation tus nqi raug kaw los ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab cov cuab yeej tester, thiab lub zog-strain nkhaus thaum lub tensile deformation ntawm lub spline yog kos. Los ntawm cov kev ntxhov siab-strain nkhaus, lub zog tensile (ζt), elongation ntawm so (εb) thiab elastic modulus (E) tuaj yeem suav los ntsuas cov khoom tensile ntawm zaj duab xis.

Kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob ntu: thaj tsam elastic deformation thiab thaj chaw yas deformation. Nyob rau hauv lub elastic deformation cheeb tsam, qhov kev nyuaj siab thiab strain ntawm cov khoom muaj ib tug linear kev sib raug zoo, thiab lub deformation nyob rau lub sij hawm no yuav rov qab tau tag nrho, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv txoj cai ntawm Cook; nyob rau hauv cov yas deformation cheeb tsam, kev ntxhov siab thiab strain ntawm cov khoom tsis yog linear, thiab deformation uas tshwm sim nyob rau lub sij hawm no yog irreversibly, nws thiaj li cov khoom tawg.

Tensile zog suav formula:

Qhov twg: yog tensile zog, MPa;

p yog qhov siab tshaj plaws load lossis tawg load, N;

b yog cov qauv dav, mm;

d yog qhov tuab ntawm cov qauv, mm.

Cov mis rau xam elongation thaum so:

Qhov twg: εb yog qhov elongation ntawm so, %;

L yog qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov kab kos thaum tus qauv tawg, mm;

L0 yog qhov ntsuas qhov ntev ntawm tus qauv, mm.

Elastic modulus xam cov mis:

Ntawm lawv: E yog lub elastic modulus, MPa;

ζ yog kev ntxhov siab, MPa;

ε yog lub zog.

3.2.6.2 Test method

Xaiv cov qauv huv, zoo ib yam, tiaj tus thiab tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj, xa mus rau lub teb chaws tus qauv GB13022-91, thiab txiav lawv mus rau hauv dumbbell-shaped splines nrog rau tag nrho ntev ntawm 120mm, thawj qhov kev ncua deb ntawm fixtures ntawm 86mm, qhov deb ntawm cov cim ntawm 40mm, thiab dav ntawm 10 mm. Cov splines tau muab tso rau ntawm 75% thiab 57% (nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ntawm saturated sodium chloride thiab sodium bromide tov) cov av noo, thiab sib npaug rau ntau tshaj 3 hnub ua ntej ntsuas. Hauv qhov kev sim no, ASTM D638, 5566 mechanical property tester of Instron Corporation of the United States and its 2712-003 pneumatic clamp are used to test. Lub tensile ceev yog 10 mm / min, thiab cov qauv tau rov ua dua 7 zaug, thiab cov nqi nruab nrab yog xam.

3.2.7 Oxygen permeability ntawm HPMC/HPS edible composite film

3.2.7.1 Ntsiab cai ntawm oxygen permeability tsom xam

Tom qab cov qauv kuaj tau teeb tsa, qhov kuaj kab noj hniav tau muab faib ua ob ntu, A thiab B; Lub siab-purity oxygen txaus nrog ib qho kev khiav dej num tau dhau mus rau hauv A kab noj hniav, thiab cov nitrogen ntws nrog qee tus nqi ntws mus rau hauv B kab noj hniav; Thaum lub sij hawm xeem txheej txheem, cov kab noj hniav A Cov pa oxygen permeates los ntawm cov qauv mus rau hauv B kab noj hniav, thiab cov pa nkag mus rau hauv B kab noj hniav yog nqa los ntawm cov nitrogen ntws thiab tawm hauv B kab noj hniav kom ncav cuag cov pa sensor. Cov pa oxygen sensor ntsuas cov pa oxygen hauv cov nitrogen ntws thiab tso tawm cov teeb liab hluav taws xob sib xws, yog li suav cov qauv oxygen. kev xa tawm.

3.2.7.2 Test method

Xaiv cov yeeb yaj kiab uas tsis raug puas ntsoog, txiav rau hauv 10.16 x 10.16 cm cov qauv pob zeb diamond-zoo li tus qauv, txheej txheej ntug ntawm cov clamps nrog lub tshuab nqus tsev roj, thiab clamp cov qauv mus rau qhov ntsuas ntsuas. Kev ntsuas raws li ASTM D-3985, txhua tus qauv muaj qhov ntsuas ntawm 50 cm2.

3.3 Cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev sib tham

3.3.1 Microstructure tsom xam ntawm edible composite films

Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab tsim cov kua thiab cov txheej txheem ziab - txiav txim siab cov qauv kawg ntawm zaj duab xis thiab cuam tshuam rau ntau yam ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm zaj duab xis [330, 331]. Lub hauv paus gel zog thiab compounding piv ntawm txhua yam yuav cuam tshuam rau lub morphology ntawm lub compound, uas ntxiv cuam tshuam rau cov qauv nto thiab cov khoom kawg ntawm daim nyias nyias [301, 332]. Yog li ntawd, kev tsom xam microstructural ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab tuaj yeem muab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov kho molecular ntawm txhua qhov khoom, uas tuaj yeem pab peb nkag siab zoo txog cov khoom thaiv, cov khoom siv kho qhov muag, thiab cov khoom kho qhov muag ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab.

Qhov saum npoo scanning electron microscope micrographs ntawm HPS/HPMC edible films nrog sib txawv piv yog qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab 3-1. Raws li tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab 3-1, qee cov qauv qhia pom cov kab nrib pleb ntawm qhov chaw, uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev txo cov dej noo hauv cov qauv thaum lub sij hawm kuaj, lossis los ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob hauv lub tshuab ntsuas kab noj hniav [122 ib., 139]. Hauv daim duab, ntshiab HPS membrane thiab ntshiab HPMC. Cov daim nyias nyias tau pom cov kab me me, thiab cov microstructure ntawm ntshiab HPS daim nyias nyias yog ntau homogeneous thiab smoother dua cov ntshiab HPMC daim nyias nyias, uas tej zaum yuav yog vim cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab macromolecules (amylose molecules thiab amylopectin molecules) thaum lub sij hawm txias txheej txheem.) nyob rau hauv aqueous tov. Ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias amylose-amylopectin-dej system nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem txias

Tej zaum yuav muaj kev sib tw ntawm kev tsim gel thiab theem sib cais. Yog hais tias tus nqi ntawm theem sib cais yog qis dua tus nqi ntawm gel tsim, theem kev sib cais yuav tsis tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub system, txwv tsis pub, theem sib cais yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub system [333, 334]. Ntxiv mus, thaum cov ntsiab lus amylose tshaj 25%, gelatinization ntawm amylose thiab cov qauv amylose txuas ntxiv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov tshwm sim ntawm theem sib cais [334]. Cov ntsiab lus amylose ntawm HPS siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no yog 80%, siab dua 25%, yog li qhia tau zoo dua qhov tshwm sim uas HPS cov ntaub so ntswg ntshiab muaj ntau homogeneous thiab smoother dua li ntshiab HPMC daim nyias nyias.

Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm kev sib piv ntawm cov duab uas qhov chaw ntawm tag nrho cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw yog qhov ntxhib, thiab qee qhov pob tsis sib xws tau tawg, qhia tias muaj qee qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm HPMC thiab HPS. Ntxiv mus, cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw nrog cov ntsiab lus HPMC siab tau nthuav tawm ntau hom qauv zoo dua li cov ntsiab lus HPS siab. HPS-raws li condensation ntawm 37 ° C zaj duab xis tsim kub

Raws li cov khoom siv gel, HPS nthuav tawm lub xeev cov kua nplaum gel; Thaum raws li cov khoom siv thermal gel ntawm HPMC, HPMC nthuav tawm cov dej zoo li lub xeev. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw nrog cov ntsiab lus HPS siab (7: 3 HPS / HPMC), cov viscous HPS yog cov theem txuas ntxiv, thiab cov dej zoo li HPMC tau tawg mus rau hauv high-viscosity HPS tsis tu ncua theem raws li cov theem dispersed, uas tsis yog conducive. mus rau lub uniform faib ntawm lub dispersed theem; Hauv cov zaj duab xis sib xyaw nrog cov ntsiab lus HPMC siab (3: 7 HPS / HPMC), qhov qis viscosity HPMC hloov mus rau theem tsis tu ncua, thiab cov viscous HPS yog dispersed nyob rau hauv qis-viscosity HPMC theem raws li lub dispersed theem, uas yog conducive rau. tsim ntawm homogeneous theem. compound system.

Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab tias txawm hais tias tag nrho cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw ua kom pom cov qauv ntxhib thiab tsis sib xws, tsis pom qhov cuam tshuam pom tseeb, qhia tias HPMC thiab HPS muaj kev sib raug zoo. Lub HPMC / starch composite films tsis muaj plasticizers xws li PEG pom pom tseeb theem kev sib cais [301], yog li qhia tau hais tias ob qho tib si hydroxypropyl kev hloov pauv ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab PEG plasticizers tuaj yeem txhim kho kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev sib xyaw-system.

3.3.2 Optical properties analysis of edible composite films

Lub teeb kis tau tus mob ntawm cov edible composite films ntawm HPMC / HPS nrog sib txawv piv tau raug kuaj los ntawm UV-vis spectrophotometer, thiab UV spectra yog qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab 3-2. Qhov loj dua tus nqi xa hluav taws xob, qhov sib txawv thiab pob tshab ntawm zaj duab xis yog; conversely, qhov me me ntawm lub teeb transmittance nqi, qhov ntau uneven thiab opaque zaj duab xis yog. Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab 3-2(a) tias tag nrho cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw ua ke qhia qhov sib xws nrog qhov nce ntawm qhov ntsuas wavelength nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov wavelength scanning ntau, thiab lub teeb transmittance maj mam nrog qhov nce ntawm lub wavelength. Ntawm 350nm, cov nkhaus zoo li toj siab.

Xaiv qhov transmittance ntawm lub wavelength ntawm 500nm rau kev sib piv, raws li qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab 3-2(b), qhov transmittance ntawm ntshiab HPS zaj duab xis yog qis dua li ntawm ntshiab HPMC zaj duab xis, thiab nrog rau qhov nce ntawm HPMC cov ntsiab lus, qhov transmittance poob ua ntej, thiab tom qab ntawd nce tom qab ncav cuag tus nqi qis kawg nkaus. Thaum HPMC cov ntsiab lus tau nce mus rau 70%, lub teeb xa tawm ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw yog ntau dua li ntawm HPS ntshiab. Nws yog qhov paub zoo tias cov kab ke homogeneous yuav nthuav tawm lub teeb pom kev zoo dua, thiab nws cov txiaj ntsig UV ntsuas feem ntau yog siab dua; Cov ntaub ntawv inhomogeneous yog feem ntau-opaque thiab muaj qis dua UV kis tus nqi. Qhov kev xa tawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw (7: 3, 5: 5) qis dua cov HPS thiab HPMC cov yeeb yaj kiab, qhia tias muaj qee theem ntawm kev sib cais ntawm ob feem ntawm HPS thiab HPMC.

Fig. 3-2 UV spectra ntawm tag nrho cov wavelengths (a), thiab ntawm 500 nm (b), rau HPS/HPMC muab cov yeeb yaj kiab. Lub bar sawv cev txhais tau tias ± tus qauv sib txawv. ac: Cov ntawv sib txawv yog qhov sib txawv nrog ntau qhov sib xyaw ua ke (p <0.05), siv rau hauv daim ntawv qhia tag nrho

3.3.3 Dynamic thermomechanical tsom xam ntawm edible composite films

Daim duab 3-3 qhia tau hais tias lub zog thermomechanical zog ntawm edible films ntawm HPMC/HPS nrog txawv formulations. Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab 3-3(a) tias cov khoom siv cia (E') txo qis nrog qhov nce ntawm HPMC cov ntsiab lus. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qauv khaws cia ntawm tag nrho cov qauv tau txo qis nrog qhov kub thiab txias, tshwj tsis yog tias qhov chaw cia khoom ntawm HPS ntshiab (10: 0) zaj duab xis tau nce me ntsis tom qab qhov kub tau nce mus rau 70 ° C. Thaum qhov kub thiab txias, rau cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw nrog cov ntsiab lus HPMC siab, qhov kev cia khoom ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw muaj qhov pom tseeb qis qis nrog qhov nce ntawm qhov kub thiab txias; thaum rau cov qauv nrog cov ntsiab lus HPS siab, cov khoom siv cia tsuas yog txo qis me ntsis nrog qhov nce ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.

Fig. 3-3 Storage modulus (E′) (a) thiab poob tangent (tan δ) (b) ntawm HPS/HPMC muab cov yeeb yaj kiab

Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab 3-3(b) tias cov qauv nrog HPMC cov ntsiab lus siab dua 30% (5: 5, 3: 7, 0: 10) tag nrho qhia txog iav hloov siab kawg, thiab nrog kev nce ntawm HPMC cov ntsiab lus, cov iav hloov pauv qhov hloov pauv hloov mus rau qhov kub siab, qhia tias qhov hloov pauv ntawm HPMC polymer saw tau txo qis. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov ntshiab HPS daim nyias nyias nthuav tawm lub hnab ntawv loj nyob ib puag ncig 67 ° C, thaum cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw nrog 70% HPS cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj qhov hloov pauv iav. Qhov no yuav yog vim muaj qee qhov kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm HPMC thiab HPS, yog li txwv tsis pub txav ntawm cov molecular ntu ntawm HPMC thiab HPS.

3.3.4 Thermal stability analysis of edible composite films

Daim duab 3-4 TGA nkhaus (a) thiab lawv cov derivative (DTG) nkhaus (b) ntawm HPS/HPMC muab cov yeeb yaj kiab

Lub thermal stability ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus sib xyaw ntawm HPMC / HPS tau kuaj los ntawm thermogravimetric analyzer. Daim duab 3-4 qhia txog cov thermogravimetric nkhaus (TGA) thiab nws qhov hnyav poob tus nqi nkhaus (DTG) ntawm cov zaj duab xis sib xyaw. Los ntawm TGA nkhaus hauv daim duab 3-4(a), nws tuaj yeem pom tias cov qauv sib xyaw ua ke nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv qhia pom ob theem kev hloov pauv thermogravimetric nrog qhov nce ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Lub volatilization ntawm cov dej adsorbed los ntawm polysaccharide macromolecule ua rau ib theem me me ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm 30-180 ° C ua ntej qhov tseeb thermal degradation tshwm sim. Tom qab ntawd, muaj ib theem loj ntawm kev poob phaus ntawm 300 ~ 450 ° C, ntawm no lub thermal degradation theem ntawm HPMC thiab HPS.

Los ntawm DTG nkhaus hauv daim duab 3-4(b), nws tuaj yeem pom tias qhov kub ntawm qhov kub ntawm qhov kub ntawm HPS thiab HPMC ntshiab yog 338 ° C thiab 400 ° C, raws li, thiab qhov kub ntawm qhov kub ntawm qhov kub ntawm HPMC yog 338 ° C thiab 400 ° C. siab dua li ntawm HPS, qhia tias HPMC Zoo thermal stability dua HPS. Thaum HPMC cov ntsiab lus yog 30% (7: 3), ib lub ncov tshwm sim ntawm 347 ° C, uas sib haum rau cov yam ntxwv ncov ntawm HPS, tab sis qhov kub thiab txias yog siab tshaj qhov thermal degradation ncov ntawm HPS; thaum HPMC cov ntsiab lus yog 70% (3:7), tsuas yog tus yam ntxwv ncov ntawm HPMC tshwm sim ntawm 400 ° C; Thaum cov ntsiab lus ntawm HPMC yog 50%, ob lub thermal degradation peaks tshwm sim ntawm DTG nkhaus, 345 ° C thiab 396 ° C, feem. Cov peaks sib haum mus rau cov yam ntxwv peaks ntawm HPS thiab HPMC, feem, tab sis lub thermal degradation ncov sib haum mus rau HPS yog me me, thiab ob lub peaks muaj qee yam hloov. Nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias feem ntau ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke tsuas yog qhia cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib lub ncov sib xws rau qee yam khoom, thiab lawv tau offset piv rau cov khoom siv ntshiab, uas qhia tau tias muaj qee qhov sib txawv ntawm HPMC thiab HPS cov khoom. degree ntawm compatibility. Lub thermal degradation ncov kub ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw yog siab dua li ntawm HPS ntshiab, qhia tias HPMC tuaj yeem txhim kho cov thermal stability ntawm HPS membrane rau qee qhov.

3.3.5 Mechanical properties analysis of edible composite film

Lub zog tensile ntawm HPMC / HPS cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw nrog qhov sib txawv tau ntsuas los ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab yeej ntsuas ntawm 25 ° C, txheeb ze av noo ntawm 57% thiab 75%. Daim duab 3-5 qhia qhov elastic modulus (a), elongation ntawm so (b) thiab tensile lub zog (c) ntawm HPMC / HPS cov yeeb yaj kiab uas muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txheeb ze av noo. Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab tias thaum qhov txheeb ze av noo yog 57%, qhov elastic modulus thiab tensile lub zog ntawm ntshiab HPS zaj duab xis yog qhov loj tshaj plaws, thiab cov ntshiab HPMC yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws. Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm HPS cov ntsiab lus, qhov elastic modulus thiab tensile lub zog ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw tau nce tsis tu ncua. Qhov elongation ntawm kev tawg ntawm cov ntshiab HPMC daim nyias nyias yog ntau dua li ntawm cov ntshiab HPS membrane, thiab ob qho tib si yog ntau dua li ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw.

Thaum tus txheeb ze av noo siab dua (75%) piv rau 57% txheeb ze av noo, lub elastic modulus thiab tensile lub zog ntawm tag nrho cov qauv txo, thaum lub elongation ntawm tawg tau loj hlob. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim dej, raws li ib tug generalized plasticizer, yuav dilute HPMC thiab HPS matrix, txo lub zog ntawm polymer chains, thiab txhim kho cov kev mus los ntawm polymer feem. Ntawm cov av noo siab, qhov elastic modulus thiab tensile lub zog ntawm cov ntshiab HPMC cov yeeb yaj kiab tau siab dua li cov yeeb yaj kiab HPS ntshiab, tab sis qhov elongation ntawm qhov tawg tau qis dua, qhov tshwm sim uas txawv kiag li ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov av noo tsawg. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv sib xyaw ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw nrog qhov sib piv ntawm cov av noo siab ntawm 75% yog qhov sib txawv kiag li ntawm cov av qis piv rau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov av noo ntawm 57%. Nyob rau hauv high humidity, noo noo cov ntsiab lus ntawm zaj duab xis nce, thiab dej tsis tsuas yog muaj ib tug tej yam plasticizing nyhuv ntawm lub polymer matrix, tab sis kuj txhawb lub recrystallization ntawm starch. Piv nrog HPMC, HPS muaj lub siab nyiam rau recrystallize, yog li cov nyhuv ntawm cov av noo ntawm HPS yog ntau dua li ntawm HPMC.

Daim duab 3-5 Tensile zog ntawm HPS/HPMC films nrog txawv HPS/HPMC ratios equilibrated nyob rau hauv txawv txheeb ze humility (RH). *: Cov tsiaj ntawv sib txawv txawv txawv nrog ntau yam RH, siv rau hauv daim ntawv qhia tag nrho

3.3.6 Kev tshuaj xyuas Oxygen Permeability ntawm Edible Composite Films

Cov yeeb yaj kiab uas siv tau yog siv los ua cov khoom ntim khoom noj kom ntev lub neej txee ntawm cov zaub mov, thiab nws cov pa oxygen barrier kev ua tau zoo yog ib qho tseem ceeb qhia. Yog li ntawd, cov pa oxygen kis ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab uas siv tau nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm HPMC / HPS tau ntsuas ntawm qhov kub ntawm 23 ° C, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau pom hauv daim duab 3-6. Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab tias cov pa oxygen permeability ntawm cov ntshiab HPS daim nyias nyias yog qis dua li ntawm cov ntshiab HPMC daim nyias nyias, qhia tias HPS daim nyias nyias muaj cov khoom tiv thaiv oxygen zoo dua li HPMC membrane. Vim tias qhov tsis muaj viscosity tsawg thiab qhov muaj nyob ntawm thaj chaw amorphous, HPMC yog ib qho yooj yim los tsim cov qauv uas tsis tshua muaj ntom ntom ntom ntom hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab; piv nrog HPS, nws muaj qhov siab dua rau recrystallize, thiab nws yooj yim los tsim cov qauv ntom ntom hauv zaj duab xis. Ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab muaj cov khoom zoo oxygen barrier piv nrog lwm cov polymers [139, 301, 335, 336].

Daim duab 3-6 Oxygen permeability ntawm HPS/HPMC muab cov yeeb yaj kiab

Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm HPS tuaj yeem txo cov pa oxygen permeability ntawm HPMC daim nyias nyias, thiab cov pa oxygen permeability ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw txo qis nrog qhov nce ntawm HPS cov ntsiab lus. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov pa oxygen-impermeable HPS tuaj yeem ua rau kom lub zog ntawm cov pa oxygen hauv cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, uas ua rau txo qis ntawm cov pa oxygen permeation thiab thaum kawg txo cov pa permeability. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws tau tshaj tawm rau lwm haiv neeg cov hmoov nplej [139,301].

3.4 Cov ntsiab lus ntawm tshooj no

Hauv tshooj no, siv HPMC thiab HPS ua cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb, thiab ntxiv polyethylene glycol ua cov yas yas, cov khoom siv tau zoo ntawm HPMC / HPS nrog ntau qhov sib txawv tau npaj los ntawm txoj kev casting. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom thiab cov compounding ratio ntawm lub microscopic morphology ntawm lub puas membrane tau kawm los ntawm scanning electron microscopy; Cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke tau kawm los ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab-cov khoom ntsuas. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom thiab qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv oxygen barrier thiab lub teeb xa hluav taws xob ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw tau kawm los ntawm oxygen transmittance tester thiab UV-vis spectrophotometer. Kev ntsuas hluav taws xob microscopy, ntsuas thermogravimetric thiab dynamic thermal tsom xam tau siv. Mechanical tsom xam thiab lwm txoj kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tau siv los kawm txog kev sib raug zoo thiab theem sib cais ntawm qhov txias-kub gel compound system. Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb yog raws li hauv qab no:

1. Piv nrog cov ntshiab HPMC, ntshiab HPS yog yooj yim dua los tsim ib homogeneous thiab du microscopic nto morphology. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim qhov zoo dua molecular rearrangement ntawm starch macromolecules (amylose molecules thiab amylopectin molecules) nyob rau hauv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab aqueous tov thaum lub sij hawm txias.
2. Cov khoom sib xyaw nrog cov ntsiab lus HPMC siab dua tuaj yeem tsim cov qauv membrane homogeneous. Qhov no feem ntau yog raws li cov khoom gel ntawm HPMC thiab HPS. Ntawm qhov kub ntawm zaj duab xis-tsim, HPMC thiab HPS qhia lub xeev cov tshuaj viscosity tsawg thiab lub xeev siab viscosity gel, feem. High-viscosity dispersed theem yog dispersed nyob rau hauv qis-viscosity nruam theem. , nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau tsim ib homogeneous system.
3. Tus txheeb ze av noo muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm HPMC / HPS cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw, thiab cov qib ntawm nws cov nyhuv nce ntxiv nrog qhov nce ntawm HPS cov ntsiab lus. Thaum qis tus txheeb ze cov av noo, ob qho tib si elastic modulus thiab tensile lub zog ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw tau nce nrog qhov nce ntawm HPS cov ntsiab lus, thiab qhov elongation ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw tau qis dua li ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab ntshiab. Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm cov txheeb ze av noo, elastic modulus thiab tensile lub zog ntawm cov zaj duab xis composite poob, thiab elongation ntawm tawg tau nce, thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm txhua yam khoom ntawm cov zaj duab xis composite thiab cov compounding ratio pom ib tug kiag li opposite hloov qauv nyob rau hauv txawv txawv. txheeb ze av. Cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom siv sib xyaw nrog cov sib xyaw sib xyaw ua ke qhia kev sib tshuam hauv cov txheeb ze sib txawv, uas muaj peev xwm ua kom zoo dua cov khoom lag luam raws li kev thov sib txawv.
4. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm HPS tau txhim kho cov pa oxygen barrier zog ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw. Cov pa oxygen permeability ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke poob qis nrog qhov nce ntawm HPS cov ntsiab lus.
5. Nyob rau hauv lub HPMC / HPS txias thiab kub gel compound system, muaj ib co compatibility ntawm ob lub Cheebtsam. Tsis muaj qhov pom tseeb ob-theem interface tau pom nyob rau hauv SEM cov duab ntawm tag nrho cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw, feem ntau ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw tsuas muaj ib qho kev hloov pauv iav hauv DMA cov txiaj ntsig, thiab tsuas yog ib qho thermal degradation ncov tau tshwm sim hauv DTG nkhaus ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw. zaj duab xis. Nws qhia tau hais tias muaj qee qhov kev piav qhia ntawm HPMC thiab HPS.

Cov kev sim saum toj no qhia tau hais tias kev sib xyaw ntawm HPS thiab HPMC tsis tuaj yeem txo cov nqi tsim khoom ntawm HPMC edible film, tab sis kuj txhim kho nws cov kev ua tau zoo. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv oxygen barrier thiab cov khoom siv kho qhov muag ntawm cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev kho qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus thiab cov av noo ntawm qhov chaw sab nraud.

Tshooj 4 Kev sib raug zoo ntawm Micromorphology thiab Mechanical Properties ntawm HPMC/HPS Compound System

Piv nrog rau kev sib xyaw entropy ntau dua thaum sib xyaw hlau alloy, qhov sib xyaw entropy thaum lub sij hawm polymer compounding feem ntau me me, thiab cov cua sov ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke feem ntau yog qhov zoo, ua rau cov txheej txheem polymer compounding. Gibbs dawb lub zog hloov hauv yog qhov zoo (���>), yog li ntawd, polymer formulations yuav tsim cov theem sib cais ob-theem systems, thiab tag nrho cov polymer formulations yog tsawg heev [242].

Miscible compound systems feem ntau tuaj yeem ua tiav molecular-theem miscibility nyob rau hauv thermodynamics thiab tsim homogeneous tebchaw, yog li feem ntau cov polymer compound systems yog immiscible. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau lub tshuab hluav taws xob polymer tuaj yeem ncav cuag lub xeev sib haum raws li qee yam xwm txheej thiab ua cov tshuab sib xyaw nrog qee qhov sib xws [257].

Cov khoom macroscopic xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov tshuab polymer sib xyaw yog nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam thiab theem morphology ntawm lawv cov khoom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov khoom thiab cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm ntu ntu thiab tawg [301]. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev los kawm txog cov microscopic morphology thiab macroscopic cov khoom ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw thiab tsim kev sib raug zoo ntawm lawv, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb heev los tswj cov khoom ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw los ntawm kev tswj cov theem qauv thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw.

Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev kawm lub morphology thiab theem daim duab ntawm lub complex system, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau xaiv qhov tsim nyog txhais tau tias kom paub qhov txawv cov Cheebtsam. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov sib txawv ntawm HPMC thiab HPS yog qhov nyuaj heev, vim tias ob qho tib si muaj qhov pom tseeb zoo thiab qhov zoo sib xws refractive index, yog li nws yog qhov nyuaj rau kev paub qhov txawv ntawm ob qho tib si los ntawm kev kho qhov muag microscopy; Tsis tas li ntawd, vim hais tias ob qho tib si yog cov organic carbon-based khoom, yog li ob qho tib si muaj lub zog nqus zoo sib xws, yog li nws kuj tseem nyuaj rau kev tshuaj xyuas electron microscopy kom paub qhov txawv ntawm khub ntawm cov khoom. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov kev hloov pauv hauv morphology thiab theem daim duab ntawm cov protein- starch complex system los ntawm thaj tsam piv ntawm polysaccharide band ntawm 1180-953 cm-1 thiab amide band ntawm 1750-1483 cm-1 [52, 337], tab sis cov txheej txheem no nyuaj heev thiab feem ntau yuav tsum muaj hluav taws xob synchrotron Fourier hloov cov txheej txheem infrared los ua kom muaj qhov sib txawv txaus rau HPMC / HPS hybrid systems. Kuj tseem muaj cov txheej txheem los ua kom tiav qhov kev sib cais ntawm cov khoom, xws li kev sib kis ntawm electron microscopy thiab me-angle X-ray scattering, tab sis cov tswv yim no feem ntau nyuaj [338]. Hauv cov ntsiab lus no, cov txheej txheem yooj yim iodine dyeing optical microscope tsom xam yog siv, thiab lub hauv paus ntsiab lus hais tias cov pab pawg kawg ntawm amylose helical qauv tuaj yeem hnov ​​​​mob nrog iodine los tsim cov complexes siv los zas HPMC / HPS compound system los ntawm iodine dyeing, yog li. hais tias HPS Cov Cheebtsam tau txawv ntawm HPMC Cheebtsam los ntawm lawv cov xim sib txawv nyob rau hauv lub teeb microscope. Yog li ntawd, iodine dyeing optical microscope txoj kev tsom xam yog ib qho yooj yim thiab zoo kev tshawb fawb txoj kev rau lub morphology thiab theem daim duab ntawm starch-based complex systems.

Nyob rau hauv tshooj no, lub microscopic morphology, theem faib, theem hloov thiab lwm yam microstructures ntawm HPMC/HPS compound system tau kawm los ntawm txoj kev iodine dyeing optical microscope tsom xam; thiab mechanical zog thiab lwm yam macroscopic zog; thiab los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas kev sib raug zoo ntawm microscopic morphology thiab macroscopic zog ntawm cov tshuaj sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj sib txawv thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke, kev sib raug zoo ntawm microstructure thiab macroscopic zog ntawm HPMC / HPS compound system tau tsim, txhawm rau tswj HPMC / HPS. Muab lub hauv paus rau cov khoom ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw.

4.1 Cov khoom siv thiab khoom siv

4.1.1 Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev sim

4.2 Kev sim txoj kev

4.2.1 Kev npaj ntawm HPMC/HPS compound tov

Npaj HPMC tov thiab HPS tov ntawm 3%, 5%, 7% thiab 9% concentration, saib 2.2.1 rau txoj kev npaj. Muab cov tshuaj HPMC thiab HPS tov raws li 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 45:55, 40:60, 30:70, 20:80, 0: 100 Qhov sib txawv sib txawv tau sib xyaw ntawm qhov ceev ntawm 250 rmp / min ntawm 21 ° C rau 30 min, thiab cov kev daws teeb meem sib xyaw nrog ntau qhov sib txawv thiab qhov sib txawv tau txais.

4.2.2 Kev npaj ntawm HPMC/HPS puas daim nyias nyias

Saib 3.2.1.

4.2.3 Kev npaj ntawm HPMC/HPS cov tshuaj ntsiav

Xa mus rau cov tshuaj npaj los ntawm txoj kev hauv 2.2.1, siv cov pwm stainless-steel rau dipping, thiab ziab nws ntawm 37 ° C. Tshem tawm cov qhuav capsules, txiav tawm qhov dhau, thiab muab tso ua ke los ua ib khub.

4.2.4 HPMC/HPS puas zaj duab xis optical microscope

4.2.4.1 Cov ntsiab cai ntawm Optical Microscopy Analysis

Optical microscope siv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus kho qhov muag ntawm kev nthuav dav duab los ntawm lub lens convex, thiab siv ob lub lens converging los nthuav qhov qhib lub kaum sab xis ntawm cov khoom me me nyob ze rau ntawm lub qhov muag, thiab nthuav qhov loj ntawm cov khoom me me uas tsis tuaj yeem pom los ntawm tib neeg lub qhov muag. kom txog rau thaum qhov loj ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem pom los ntawm tib neeg lub qhov muag.

4.2.4.2 Test method

Lub HPMC / HPS cov kev daws teeb meem sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv thiab qhov sib xyaw sib xyaw tau raug coj tawm ntawm 21 ° C, poob rau ntawm iav swb, muab pov rau hauv ib txheej nyias, thiab qhuav ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Cov yeeb yaj kiab tau stained nrog 1% iodine tov (1 g ntawm iodine thiab 10 g ntawm poov tshuaj iodide tau muab tso rau hauv 100-mL volumetric hwj, thiab yaj nyob rau hauv ethanol), muab tso rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm lub teeb tsom rau kev soj ntsuam thiab yees duab.

4.2.5 Lub teeb transmittance ntawm HPMC/HPS puas zaj duab xis

4.2.5.1 Kev soj ntsuam txoj cai ntawm UV-vis spectrophotometric

Ib yam li 3.2.3.1.

4.2.5.1 Test method

Saib 3.2.3.2.

4.2.6 Tensile zog ntawm HPMC/HPS puas zaj duab xis

4.2.6.1 Ntsiab cai ntawm tensile khoom tsom xam

Ib yam li 3.2.3.1.

4.2.6.1 Test method

Cov qauv raug kuaj tom qab sib npaug ntawm 73% av noo rau 48 teev. Saib 3.2.3.2 rau txoj kev xeem.

4.3 Cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev sib tham

4.3.1 Cov khoom pom pom pom tseeb

Daim duab 4-1 qhia txog cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab cov tshuaj ntsiav uas tau npaj los ntawm kev sib xyaw HPMC thiab HPS hauv qhov sib piv ntawm 70:30. Raws li tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab, cov khoom lag luam muaj qhov pom tseeb zoo, uas qhia tau tias HPMC thiab HPS muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws, thiab cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem tau txais tom qab sib xyaw ob.

4.3.2 Optical microscope dluab ntawm HPMC/HPS complexes ua ntej thiab tom qab staining

Daim duab 4-2 qhia tau hais tias tus qauv morphology ua ntej thiab tom qab dyeing ntawm HPMC/HPS complexes nrog sib txawv compounding ratios pom nyob rau hauv ib tug optical microscope. Raws li tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab, nws yog qhov nyuaj rau kev paub qhov txawv ntawm HPMC theem thiab HPS theem nyob rau hauv daim duab tsis muaj xim; cov dyed ntshiab HPMC thiab ntshiab HPS qhia lawv tus kheej cov xim tshwj xeeb, uas yog vim hais tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm HPS thiab iodine los ntawm iodine staining Nws cov xim yuav darker. Yog li ntawd, ob theem hauv HPMC/HPS compound system yog yooj yim thiab meej qhov txawv, uas ntxiv ua pov thawj tias HPMC thiab HPS tsis yog miscible thiab tsis tuaj yeem tsim ib homogeneous compound. Raws li tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab, raws li HPS cov ntsiab lus nce, thaj tsam ntawm thaj chaw tsaus ntuj (HPS theem) hauv daim duab yuav nce ntxiv raws li qhov xav tau, yog li lees paub tias ob-theem rearrangement tshwm sim thaum tus txheej txheem no. Thaum cov ntsiab lus ntawm HPMC siab dua 40%, HPMC nthuav qhia lub xeev ntawm cov theem tas mus li, thiab HPS tau tawg mus rau theem txuas ntxiv ntawm HPMC raws li cov theem tawg. Hauv qhov sib piv, thaum cov ntsiab lus ntawm HPMC qis dua 40%, HPS nthuav tawm lub xeev ntawm cov theem tas mus li, thiab HPMC tau tawg mus rau theem txuas ntxiv ntawm HPS raws li cov theem tawg. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 5% HPMC / HPS compound tov, nrog nce HPS cov ntsiab lus, qhov opposite tshwm sim thaum lub compound ratio yog HPMC / HPS 40:60. Cov theem txuas ntxiv hloov ntawm thawj theem HPMC mus rau theem HPS tom qab. Los ntawm kev soj ntsuam cov theem zoo, nws tuaj yeem pom tias HPMC theem hauv HPS matrix yog spherical tom qab dispersion, thaum lub dispersed zoo ntawm HPS theem nyob rau hauv HPMC matrix yog ntau irregular.

Ntxiv mus, los ntawm kev xam qhov piv ntawm thaj tsam ntawm lub teeb xim xim (HPMC) rau qhov tsaus ntuj xim (HPS) nyob rau hauv lub HPMC / HPS complex tom qab dyeing (tsis xav txog qhov teeb meem mesophase), nws tau pom tias thaj tsam ntawm HPMC (lub teeb xim) / HPS (xim tsaus) nyob rau hauv daim duab Qhov piv yog ib txwm siab dua qhov tseeb HPMC / HPS compound ratio. Piv txwv li, hauv daim duab staining ntawm HPMC / HPS compound nrog qhov sib piv ntawm 50: 50, thaj tsam ntawm HPS hauv thaj tsam interphase tsis suav, thiab qhov sib piv ntawm lub teeb / tsaus nti yog 71/29. Qhov txiaj ntsig no tau lees paub tias muaj ntau tus mesophases hauv HPMC/HPS cov kab ke sib xyaw.

Nws paub zoo tias cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke yog qhov tsawg heev vim tias thaum lub sij hawm polymer compounding txheej txheem, lub tshav kub ntawm compounding feem ntau yog qhov zoo thiab cov entropy ntawm compounding feem ntau hloov me ntsis, yog li ua rau lub zog dawb thaum lub sij hawm compounding hloov mus rau qhov zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv HPMC / HPS cov kab ke sib xyaw, HPMC thiab HPS tseem pheej cog lus tias yuav qhia tau ntau dua ntawm kev sib raug zoo, vim tias HPMC thiab HPS yog ob qho tib si hydrophilic polysaccharides, muaj tib lub qauv - qabzib, thiab dhau los ntawm tib pab pawg ua haujlwm tau hloov kho nrog. hydroxypropyl. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau yam mesophases nyob rau hauv HPMC / HPS compound system kuj qhia tau hais tias HPMC thiab HPS nyob rau hauv lub compound muaj ib tug tej degree ntawm compatibility, thiab ib tug zoo xws li tshwm sim tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab-polyvinyl cawv tov nrog plasticizer ntxiv. kuj tshwm [339].

4.3.3 Kev sib raug zoo ntawm microscopic morphology thiab macroscopic zog ntawm lub compound system

Kev sib raug zoo ntawm morphology, theem sib cais tshwm sim, pob tshab thiab txhua yam khoom ntawm HPMC / HPS kev sib xyaw ua ke tau kawm kom ntxaws. Daim duab 4-3 qhia txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm HPS cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom siv macroscopic xws li pob tshab thiab tensile modulus ntawm HPMC / HPS compound system. Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab tias qhov transparency ntawm ntshiab HPMC yog siab dua li ntawm cov ntshiab HPS, feem ntau vim hais tias cov recrystallization ntawm starch txo cov transparency ntawm HPS, thiab cov hydroxypropyl kev hloov ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb vim li cas rau txo cov pob tshab ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab. HPS [340, 341]. Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab uas qhov kev xa tawm ntawm HPMC / HPS compound system yuav muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tus nqi nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm HPS cov ntsiab lus. Kev xa tawm ntawm cov kab ke sib txuas, nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm HPS cov ntsiab lus hauv qab 70%, nce nrogit txo qis nrog qhov nce ntawm HPS cov ntsiab lus; thaum HPS cov ntsiab lus siab dua 70%, nws nce nrog qhov nce ntawm HPS cov ntsiab lus. Qhov tshwm sim no txhais tau hais tias HPMC / HPS cov kab ke sib xyaw ua ke tsis tuaj yeem, vim tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm theem sib cais ntawm lub cev ua rau txo qis ntawm lub teeb xa hluav taws xob. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, Young's modulus ntawm lub compound system kuj tshwm sim qhov tsawg kawg nkaus nrog qhov sib txawv, thiab Young's modulus txuas ntxiv txo nrog qhov nce ntawm HPS cov ntsiab lus, thiab mus txog qhov qis tshaj plaws thaum HPS cov ntsiab lus yog 60%. Modulus txuas ntxiv mus, thiab cov modulus tau nce me ntsis. Cov Young's modulus ntawm HPMC/HPS compound system qhia qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tus nqi, uas kuj qhia tau hais tias lub compound system yog ib tug immiscible system. Qhov qis tshaj plaws ntawm lub teeb xa hluav taws xob ntawm HPMC / HPS compound system yog ua raws li theem hloov pauv ntawm HPMC ntu txuas mus rau theem tawg thiab qhov qis tshaj ntawm Young tus nqi modulus hauv daim duab 4-2.

4.3.4 Cov nyhuv ntawm cov tshuaj concentration ntawm microscopic morphology ntawm lub compound system

Daim duab 4-4 qhia tau hais tias cov nyhuv ntawm cov tshuaj concentration ntawm morphology thiab theem hloov ntawm HPMC / HPS compound system. Raws li tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab, qhov tsis tshua muaj siab ntawm 3% HPMC / HPS compound system, nyob rau hauv qhov sib piv ntawm HPMC / HPS yog 40: 60, qhov pom ntawm cov qauv sib txuas ntxiv tuaj yeem pom; Thaum nyob rau hauv lub siab concentration ntawm 7% tov, no co-nruam qauv yog pom nyob rau hauv daim duab nrog ib tug compounding piv ntawm 50:50. Cov txiaj ntsig no qhia tau hais tias qhov kev hloov pauv theem ntawm HPMC / HPS compound system muaj qee qhov kev cia siab, thiab HPMC / HPS compound piv ntawm cov theem hloov pauv nce ntxiv nrog qhov nce ntawm cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke, thiab HPS zoo li tsim cov theem txuas ntxiv. . . Tsis tas li ntawd, cov HPS domains dispersed nyob rau hauv lub HPMC tas mus li theem qhia zoo xws li cov duab thiab morphologies nrog kev hloov ntawm concentration; thaum lub HPMC dispersed theem dispersed nyob rau hauv lub HPS tas mus li theem qhia txawv cov duab thiab morphologies ntawm txawv concentrations. thiab nrog qhov nce ntawm cov tshuaj concentration, qhov dispersion cheeb tsam ntawm HPMC tau ua ntau thiab ntau tsis xwm yeem. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tshwm sim no yog tias qhov viscosity ntawm HPS cov tshuaj yog ntau dua li ntawm HPMC cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, thiab lub siab nyiam ntawm HPMC theem los tsim ib lub xeev zoo nkauj kheej kheej yog suppressed vim qhov nro ntawm qhov chaw.

4.3.5 Cov nyhuv ntawm kev daws concentration ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov kab ke sib txuas

Raws li cov morphologies ntawm daim duab 4-4, daim duab 4-5 qhia tau hais tias lub tensile zog ntawm cov zaj duab xis composite tsim nyob rau hauv txawv concentration daws. Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab uas tus Hluas lub modulus thiab elongation ntawm kev tawg ntawm HPMC / HPS cov kab ke sib xyaw zoo li yuav txo qis nrog qhov nce ntawm kev daws teeb meem, uas zoo ib yam nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm HPMC los ntawm cov theem tas mus li mus rau theem tawg hauv daim duab 4. -4. Lub microscopic morphology zoo ib yam. Txij li thaum Young's modulus ntawm HPMC homopolymer siab dua li ntawm HPS, nws tau kwv yees tias Young's modulus ntawm HPMC/HPS cov kab ke sib xyaw yuav raug txhim kho thaum HPMC yog theem txuas ntxiv.

4.4 Cov ntsiab lus ntawm tshooj no

Hauv tshooj no, HPMC/HPS cov kev daws teeb meem thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw ua ke nrog ntau qhov sib txawv thiab cov sib xyaw sib xyaw tau npaj, thiab cov kab mob microscopic morphology thiab theem hloov ntawm HPMC / HPS compound system tau soj ntsuam los ntawm kev tsom xam ntawm optical microscope ntawm iodine staining kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab. Lub teeb transmittance thiab mechanical zog ntawm lub edible composite zaj duab xis ntawm HPMC / HPS tau kawm los ntawm UV-vis spectrophotometer thiab mechanical property tester, thiab cov teebmeem ntawm txawv concentrations thiab compounding ratios ntawm lub optical zog thiab mechanical zog ntawm lub compounding system tau kawm. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm microstructure thiab macroscopic zog ntawm HPMC / HPS compound system tau tsim los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm microstructure ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw, xws li microstructure, theem hloov thiab theem sib cais, thiab cov khoom macroscopic xws li cov khoom siv kho qhov muag thiab cov khoom siv kho qhov muag. Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb yog raws li hauv qab no:

1. Txoj kev tsom xam kho qhov muag kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab los ntawm iodine staining yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws, ncaj qha thiab siv tau zoo rau kev kawm txog morphology thiab theem hloov ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab. Nrog iodine staining, cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab tshwm nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj thiab tsaus dua nyob rau hauv lub teeb microscopy, thaum HPMC tsis stained thiab yog li ntawd tshwm xim xim.
2. Lub HPMC / HPS compound system tsis yog miscible, thiab muaj ib theem kev hloov pauv hauv cov txheej txheem sib xyaw, thiab qhov kev hloov pauv theem no muaj qee qhov sib xyaw ua ke dependence thiab kev daws teeb meem concentration dependence.
3. HPMC/HPS compound system muaj kev sib raug zoo, thiab ntau tus mesophases muaj nyob rau hauv cov kab ke. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab theem, lub nruam theem yog dispersed nyob rau hauv lub dispersed theem nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm hais.
4. Lub dispersed theem ntawm HPS nyob rau hauv HPMC matrix pom zoo ib yam spherical zoo ntawm txawv concentrations; HPMC pom qhov tsis xwm yeem morphology hauv HPS matrix, thiab qhov tsis sib xws ntawm morphology tau nce ntxiv nrog kev nce siab.
5. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm microstructure, theem hloov pauv, pob tshab thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm HPMC / HPS kev sib xyaw ua ke tau tsim. a. Qhov qis tshaj ntawm cov pob tshab ntawm qhov sib xyaw ua ke yog ua raws li theem kev hloov pauv ntawm HPMC los ntawm cov theem txuas ntxiv mus rau theem dispersed thiab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm qhov txo qis ntawm tensile modulus. b. Cov Young's modulus thiab elongation ntawm kev tawg txo nrog qhov nce ntawm cov tshuaj concentration, uas yog vim li cas muaj feem xyuam rau kev hloov morphological ntawm HPMC los ntawm cov theem tas mus li mus rau theem dispersed nyob rau hauv lub compound system.

Hauv cov ntsiab lus, cov khoom macroscopic ntawm HPMC / HPS cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog nws cov qauv microscopic morphological, theem kev hloov pauv, theem sib cais thiab lwm yam tshwm sim, thiab cov khoom ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw tuaj yeem tswj hwm los ntawm kev tswj cov theem qauv thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw. qhov system.

Tshooj 5 Kev cuam tshuam ntawm HPS Hydroxypropyl Hloov Kho Degree ntawm Rheological Properties ntawm HPMC/HPS Compound System

Nws paub zoo tias kev hloov pauv me me hauv cov qauv tshuaj ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv nws cov khoom rheological. Yog li, kev hloov kho tshuaj muaj peev xwm txhim kho thiab tswj cov khoom rheological ntawm cov khoom siv hmoov txhuv nplej siab [342]. Nyob rau hauv lem, mastering lub cawv ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab chemical qauv ntawm nws cov rheological zog tuaj yeem nkag siab zoo dua cov khoom ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, thiab muab lub hauv paus rau kev tsim cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab nrog kev txhim kho cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab [235]. Hydroxypropyl hmoov txhuv nplej siab yog cov kws kho cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab tau siv dav hauv cov zaub mov thiab tshuaj. Nws feem ntau yog npaj los ntawm etherification cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ib txwm nrog propylene oxide nyob rau hauv alkaline tej yam kev mob. Hydroxypropyl yog ib pawg hydrophilic. Kev taw qhia ntawm cov pab pawg no mus rau hauv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab molecular tuaj yeem tawg lossis ua kom tsis muaj zog ntawm intramolecular hydrogen bonds uas tswj cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab granule. Yog li ntawd, physicochemical zog ntawm hydroxypropyl starch muaj feem xyuam rau cov degree ntawm kev hloov ntawm hydroxypropyl pawg ntawm nws molecular saw [233, 235, 343, 344].

Ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tau tshawb xyuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov pauv qib ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm hydroxypropyl starch. Han et al. tau kawm txog cov teebmeem ntawm hydroxypropyl waxy starch thiab hydroxypropyl cornstarch ntawm cov qauv thiab retrogradation yam ntxwv ntawm Korean glutinous nplej ncuav mog qab zib. Txoj kev tshawb nrhiav pom tias hydroxypropylation tuaj yeem txo cov gelatinization kub ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab txhim kho cov dej tuav cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab. kev ua tau zoo, thiab cuam tshuam qhov kev laus tshwm sim ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hauv Korean glutinous nplej ncuav qab zib [345]. Kaur et al. tau kawm txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv physicochemical ntawm ntau hom qos yaj ywm starch, thiab pom tias qib ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov pauv ntawm cov qos yaj ywm hmoov txhuv nplej siab sib txawv nrog ntau hom, thiab nws cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab nrog cov particle loj loj dua; cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydroxypropylation ua rau ntau qhov tawg thiab grooves ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab granules; hydroxypropyl kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom o, dej solubility thiab solubility ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hauv dimethyl sulfoxide, thiab txhim kho cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ntawm cov muab tshuaj txhuam [346]. Lawd et al. tau kawm txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov qos yaj ywm hmoov txhuv nplej siab. Txoj kev tshawb no tau pom tias tom qab hloov kho hydroxypropyl, lub peev xwm o dawb thiab dej solubility ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab tau txhim kho; recrystallization thiab retrogradation ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hauv ib txwm raug inhibited; Digestibility yog txhim kho [347]. Schmitz et al. npaj hydroxypropyl tapioca hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab pom tias nws muaj peev xwm o ntau dua thiab viscosity, txo cov laus tus nqi, thiab siab dua khov-thaw stability [344].

Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qee qhov kev tshawb fawb txog cov khoom rheological ntawm hydroxypropyl hmoov txhuv nplej siab, thiab cov teebmeem ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov kho ntawm cov khoom rheological thiab gel cov khoom ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ua ke tsis tshua muaj qhia txog tam sim no. Chun et al. kawm txog rheology ntawm low-concentration (5%) hydroxypropyl mov starch tov. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev hloov kho hydroxypropyl ntawm lub xeev khov kho thiab dynamic viscoelasticity ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab tau cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov pauv, thiab ib qho me me ntawm hydroxypropyl Propyl hloov pauv tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov khoom rheological ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab; Lub viscosity coefficient ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab txo qis nrog kev nce qib ntawm kev hloov pauv, thiab qhov ntsuas kub ntawm nws cov khoom rheological nce ntxiv nrog kev nce qib ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov pauv. Tus nqi txo nrog nce qib ntawm kev hloov pauv [342]. Lee et al. tau kawm txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov pauv ntawm lub cev thiab cov khoom siv rheological ntawm cov qos yaj ywm hmoov txhuv nplej siab, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias muaj peev xwm o thiab dej solubility ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab tau nce ntxiv nrog kev nce qib ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov pauv; Tus nqi enthalpy txo qis nrog kev nce qib ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov pauv; Lub viscosity coefficient, complex viscosity, yield stress, complex viscosity thiab dynamic modulus ntawm starch tov tag nrho txo ​​nrog rau qhov nce ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov degree, kua Performance index thiab poob qhov tseem ceeb Nws nce nrog cov degree ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov; Lub zog gel ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab txo qis, qhov khov-thaw ruaj khov nce, thiab cov nyhuv syneresis txo qis [235].

Hauv tshooj no, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm HPS hydroxypropyl hloov pauv qib ntawm cov khoom siv rheological thiab gel zog ntawm HPMC / HPS txias thiab kub gel compound system tau kawm. Cov xwm txheej hloov pauv tseem ceeb heev rau kev nkag siab tob txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov qauv tsim thiab cov khoom rheological. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem gelation ntawm HPMC / HPS thim rov qab-txias cov txheej txheem tau tham ua ntej, txhawm rau muab qee qhov kev qhia theoretical rau lwm qhov zoo sib xws rov qab-kub-txias gel tshuab.

5.1 Cov khoom siv thiab khoom siv

5.1.1 Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev sim

5.1.2 Cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb thiab khoom siv

5.2 Kev sim txoj kev

5.2.1 Kev npaj cov kev daws teeb meem sib xyaw

15% HPMC / HPS cov kev daws teeb meem nrog cov sib xyaw sib txawv (100/0, 50/50, 0/100) thiab HPS nrog cov sib txawv hydroxypropyl hloov qib (G80, A939, A1081) tau npaj. Txoj kev npaj ntawm A1081, A939, HPMC thiab lawv cov kev daws teeb meem sib xyaw tau qhia hauv 2.2.1. G80 thiab nws cov kev daws teeb meem sib xyaw nrog HPMC yog gelatinized los ntawm nplawm nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm 1500psi thiab 110 ° C hauv autoclave, vim G80 Cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab siab amylose (80%), thiab nws cov gelatinization kub siab tshaj 100 ° C, uas tsis tuaj yeem ua tau. mus txog los ntawm tus thawj dej da dej gelatinization txoj kev [348].

5.2.2 Rheological zog ntawm HPMC/HPS compound daws nrog ntau qib ntawm HPS hydroxypropyl hloov

5.2.2.1 Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm rheological tsom xam

Ib yam li 2.2.2.1

5.2.2.2 Flow mode test method

Ib tug parallel phaj clamp nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 60 hli tau siv, thiab lub phaj sib nrug yog teem rau 1 hli.

1. Muaj ib txoj kev kuaj ua ntej-shear flow thiab peb-theem thixotropy. Ib yam li 2.2.2.2.
2. Flow test method tsis muaj pre-shear thiab thixotropic nplhaib thixotropy. Qhov ntsuas kub yog 25 ° C, a. Shearing ntawm nce ceev, shear npaum li cas ntawm 0-1000 s-1, shearing lub sij hawm 1 min; b. Tsis tu ncua shearing, shearing tus nqi 1000 s-1, shearing lub sij hawm 1 min; c. Txo ceev shearing, lub shear npaum li cas yog 1000-0s-1, thiab lub sij hawm shearing yog 1 min.

5.2.2.3 Oscillation hom test method

Ib lub phaj sib npaug nrog lub cheeb ntawm 60 hli tau siv, thiab lub phaj sib nrug tau teem rau 1 hli.

1. Deformation kuj sib txawv cheb. Kev ntsuas kub 25 ° C, zaus 1 Hz, deformation 0.01-100%.
2. Kub ntsuas kub. Zaus 1 Hz, deformation 0.1%, a. Cov txheej txheem cua sov, kub 5-85 ° C, cua sov tus nqi 2 ° C / min; b. Cov txheej txheem txias, kub 85-5 ° C, txias npaum li 2 ° C / min. Lub silicone roj foob yog siv nyob ib ncig ntawm cov qauv kom tsis txhob ya raws thaum kuaj.
3. Zaus cheb. Variation 0.1%, zaus 1-100 rad/s. Cov kev ntsuam xyuas tau ua nyob rau ntawm 5 ° C thiab 85 ° C, feem, thiab sib npaug ntawm qhov ntsuas kub rau 5 min ua ntej kuaj.

Kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev cia modulus G' thiab poob modulus G ″ ntawm cov tshuaj polymer thiab cov angular zaus ω ua raws li txoj cai lij choj:

qhov twg n′ thiab n″ yog cov nqes hav G′-log ω thiab log G″-log ω, ntsig txog;

G0′ thiab G0″ yog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub log G′-log ω thiab log G″-log ω, feem.

5.2.3 Optical microscope

5.2.3.1 Instrument txoj cai

Ib yam li 4.2.3.1

5.2.3.2 Test method

Lub 3% 5: 5 HPMC / HPS compound tov tau muab tshem tawm ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub ntawm 25 ° C, 45 ° C, thiab 85 ° C, poob rau ntawm ib lub iav swb khaws cia ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thiab muab pov rau hauv ib zaj duab xis nyias. txheej tov thiab qhuav nyob rau tib qhov kub thiab txias. Cov yeeb yaj kiab tau stained nrog 1% iodine tov, muab tso rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm lub teeb tsom rau kev soj ntsuam thiab yees duab.

5.3 Cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev sib tham

5.3.1 Viscosity thiab flow pattern analysis

5.3.1.1 Flow test method yam tsis muaj pre-shear thiab thixotropic nplhaib thixotropy

Siv txoj kev ntsuas ntws tsis tau ua ntej txiav thiab thixotropic nplhaib thixotropic txoj kev, viscosity ntawm HPMC / HPS compound tov nrog ntau qib ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov HPS tau kawm. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom hauv daim duab 5-1. Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab uas cov viscosity ntawm tag nrho cov qauv qhia tau hais tias ib qho kev poob qis nrog qhov nce ntawm shear npaum li cas nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm shear quab yuam, uas qhia ib co degree ntawm shear thinning phenomenon. Feem ntau cov kev daws teeb meem siab siab polymer los yog melts tau muaj zog disentanglement thiab molecular rearrangement nyob rau hauv shear, yog li qhia pseudoplastic kua cwj pwm [305, 349, 350]. Txawm li cas los xij, shear thinning degrees ntawm HPMC / HPS compound kev daws teeb meem ntawm HPS nrog qhov sib txawv hydroxypropyl hloov qib yog txawv.

Fig. 5-1 Viscosities vs. shear rate of the HPS/HPMC solution with different hydropropyl substitution degree of HPS (tsis muaj pre-shearing, cov khoom thiab hollow cim tam sim no nce tus nqi thiab txo tus nqi txheej txheem, raws li)

Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab tias qhov viscosity thiab shear thinning degree ntawm cov qauv HPS ntshiab yog siab dua li cov qauv ntawm HPMC / HPS compound, thaum lub shear thinning degree ntawm HPMC cov tshuaj yog qhov qis tshaj, feem ntau vim tias cov viscosity ntawm HPS. ntawm qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov siab dua li ntawm HPMC. Tsis tas li ntawd, rau HPMC / HPS compound tov nrog tib qhov sib piv, qhov viscosity nce nrog HPS hydroxypropyl hloov qib. Qhov no tej zaum yuav yog vim hais tias ntxiv ntawm hydroxypropyl pawg nyob rau hauv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab molecules lov intermolecular hydrogen bonds thiab yog li ua rau lub disintegration ntawm starch granules. Hydroxypropylation txo qis qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab shear, thiab shear thinning tshwm sim ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab yog qhov pom tseeb tshaj plaws. Nrog rau kev nce ntxiv ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov pauv qib, qhov shear thinning degree ntawm HPS maj mam txo.

Tag nrho cov qauv muaj thixotropic rings ntawm lub shear stress-shear tus nqi nkhaus, qhia tias tag nrho cov qauv muaj ib tug tej yam degree ntawm thixotropy. Lub zog thixotropic yog sawv cev los ntawm qhov loj ntawm thaj tsam thixotropic nplhaib. Qhov ntau thixotropic tus qauv yog [351]. Qhov ntsuas ntsuas n thiab viscosity coefficient K ntawm cov qauv kev daws teeb meem tuaj yeem suav los ntawm Ostwald-de Waele txoj cai fais fab (saib qhov sib npaug (2-1)).

Table 5-1 Flow Behavior Performance index (n) thiab kua dej sib xws Performance index (K) thaum lub sij hawm nce tus nqi thiab txo tus nqi txheej txheem thiab thixotropy voj cheeb tsam ntawm HPS/HPMC tov nrog sib txawv hydropropyl hloov qib ntawm HPS ntawm 25 ° C

Table 5-1 qhia cov flow index n, viscosity coefficient K thiab thixotropic nplhaib cheeb tsam ntawm HPMC/HPS compound daws nrog txawv degrees ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov HPS nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm nce shearing thiab txo shearing. Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm lub rooj hais tias qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas n ntawm tag nrho cov qauv yog tsawg dua 1, qhia tias tag nrho cov qauv kev daws teeb meem yog cov kua dej pseudoplastic. Rau HPMC / HPS compound system nrog tib HPS hydroxypropyl hloov pauv qib, qhov ntsuas ntsuas n nce ntxiv nrog qhov nce ntawm HPMC cov ntsiab lus, qhia tias qhov sib ntxiv ntawm HPMC ua rau cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua kom muaj zog Newtonian kua dej. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog qhov nce ntawm HPMC cov ntsiab lus, viscosity coefficient K txo qis tas li, qhia tias qhov sib ntxiv ntawm HPMC txo cov viscosity ntawm cov tshuaj tov, vim tias cov viscosity coefficient K yog proportional rau viscosity. Tus nqi n thiab K tus nqi ntawm HPS ntshiab nrog qhov sib txawv hydroxypropyl hloov pauv qib nyob rau theem siab shear ob qho tib si poob nrog qhov nce ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov pauv qib, qhia tias kev hloov kho hydroxypropylation tuaj yeem txhim kho cov pseudoplasticity ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab txo cov Viscosity ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tus nqi ntawm n nce ntxiv nrog kev nce qib ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv theem qis qis, qhia tias hydroxypropylation txhim kho Newtonian kua cwj pwm ntawm cov tshuaj tom qab kev kub ceev shearing. Tus nqi n thiab K tus nqi ntawm HPMC / HPS compound system tau cuam tshuam los ntawm ob qho tib si HPS hydroxypropylation thiab HPMC, uas yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm lawv qhov kev ua ke. Piv nrog rau qhov nce shearing theem, n qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tag nrho cov qauv hauv qhov txo qis shearing theem tau loj dua, thaum cov nqi K ua me me, qhia tias cov viscosity ntawm cov tshuaj tov tau txo tom qab kev kub ceev shearing, thiab cov Newtonian kua cwj pwm ntawm cov tshuaj compound tau txhim kho. .

Thaj tsam ntawm thixotropic nplhaib txo qis nrog qhov nce ntawm HPMC cov ntsiab lus, qhia tias qhov sib ntxiv ntawm HPMC txo cov thixotropy ntawm cov tshuaj sib xyaw thiab txhim kho nws txoj kev ruaj ntseg. Rau HPMC / HPS compound tov nrog tib qhov sib xyaw ua ke, thaj tsam ntawm thixotropic nplhaib txo qis nrog qhov nce ntawm HPS hydroxypropyl hloov qib, qhia tias hydroxypropylation txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg ntawm HPS.

5.3.1.2 Shearing method with pre-cutting and three-stage thixotropic method

Txoj kev shear nrog pre-shear tau siv los kawm txog kev hloov pauv ntawm viscosity ntawm HPMC / HPS compound tov nrog ntau qib ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov HPS nrog tus nqi shear. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom hauv daim duab 5-2. Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab uas cov tshuaj HPMC qhia tau hais tias yuav luag tsis muaj shear thinning, thaum lwm cov qauv qhia shear thinning. Qhov no yog ua raws li cov txiaj ntsig tau txais nrog txoj kev shearing yam tsis muaj pre-shearing. Nws tseem tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab uas qis qis, cov qauv hydroxypropyl hloov pauv tau nthuav tawm thaj tsam toj siab.

Fig. 5-2 Viscosities vs. shear rate of the HPS/HPMC solution with different hydropropyl substitution degree of HPS (nrog pre-shearing)

Lub zero-shear viscosity (h0), flow index (n) thiab viscosity coefficient (K) tau los ntawm kev haum yog qhia hauv Table 5-2. Los ntawm lub rooj, peb tuaj yeem pom tias rau cov qauv HPS ntshiab, qhov n qhov txiaj ntsig tau los ntawm ob txoj hauv kev nce ntxiv nrog rau qib kev hloov pauv, qhia tias tus cwj pwm zoo li cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab txo qis raws li qib kev hloov pauv nce. Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm HPMC cov ntsiab lus, n qhov tseem ceeb txhua tus tau pom qhov kev poob qis, qhia tias HPMC txo qis tus cwj pwm zoo li kev daws teeb meem. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias qhov kev soj ntsuam zoo ntawm ob txoj hauv kev zoo ib yam.

Muab piv cov ntaub ntawv uas tau txais rau tib tus qauv nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev ntsuam xyuas, nws pom tau hais tias tus nqi ntawm n tau tom qab pre-shearing yog ib txwm ntau tshaj qhov uas tau los ntawm cov qauv uas tsis muaj pre-shearing, uas qhia tau hais tias lub composite system tau los ntawm lub pre-shearing. -shearing method yog ib qho khoom zoo li tus cwj pwm qis dua qhov ntsuas los ntawm txoj kev tsis muaj kev txiav ua ntej. Qhov no yog vim qhov kawg tshwm sim tau los ntawm kev xeem yam tsis muaj pre-shear yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm shear npaum li cas thiab lub sij hawm shear, thaum txoj kev sim nrog pre-shear ua ntej tshem tawm cov nyhuv thixotropic los ntawm siab shear rau qee lub sijhawm ntawm sij hawm. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev no tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov tshwm sim ntawm shear thinning phenomenon thiab ntws yam ntxwv ntawm lub compound system.

Los ntawm lub rooj, peb kuj tuaj yeem pom tau tias rau tib qhov sib xyaw ua ke (5: 5), tus nqi n ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw yog ze rau 1, thiab qhov pre-sheared n nce nrog qib ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov pauv Nws qhia tau tias HPMC yog. ib ntus tsis tu ncua hauv cov txheej txheem sib xyaw, thiab HPMC muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo dua rau cov qauv hmoov txhuv nplej siab nrog qis hydroxypropyl hloov pauv qib, uas zoo ib yam nrog cov txiaj ntsig uas n tus nqi nce nrog kev nce qib ntawm kev hloov pauv yam tsis muaj kev txiav ua ntej ntawm qhov tsis sib xws. K qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw nrog cov qib sib txawv ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv ob txoj hauv kev zoo sib xws, thiab tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb pom tseeb, thaum lub xoom-shear viscosity qhia pom qhov tseeb qis qis, vim tias xoom-shear viscosity yog ywj siab ntawm shear. tus nqi. Lub intrinsic viscosity tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov khoom ntawm cov khoom nws tus kheej.

Fig. 5-3 Peb lub sijhawm thixotropy ntawm HPS / HPMC muab cov tshuaj sib txawv nrog hydropropyl hloov pauv qib ntawm HPS

Txoj kev peb-theem thixotropic tau siv los kawm txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qib sib txawv ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov pauv ntawm hydroxypropyl hmoov txhuv nplej siab ntawm thixotropic zog ntawm cov kab ke. Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab 5-3 tias nyob rau theem qis qis, cov tshuaj viscosity txo qis nrog qhov nce ntawm HPMC cov ntsiab lus, thiab txo qis nrog kev nce qib ntawm kev hloov pauv, uas yog raws li txoj cai ntawm xoom shear viscosity.

Cov qib ntawm cov txheej txheem rov qab los tom qab lub sijhawm sib txawv hauv cov theem rov qab yog qhia los ntawm viscosity rov qab tus nqi DSR, thiab cov txheej txheem suav yog qhia hauv 2.3.2. Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm Table 5-2 tias nyob rau tib lub sijhawm rov qab los, DSR ntawm HPS ntshiab yog qis dua li ntawm HPMC ntshiab, uas yog vim li cas HPMC molecule yog cov saw hlau nruj, thiab nws lub sijhawm so yog luv, thiab tus qauv tuaj yeem rov qab tau hauv lub sijhawm luv luv. rov qab los. Thaum HPS yog cov saw hloov tau yooj yim, nws lub sijhawm so yog ntev, thiab cov qauv rov qab siv sijhawm ntev. Nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm kev hloov pauv, DSR ntawm HPS ntshiab txo qis nrog kev nce qib ntawm kev hloov pauv, qhia tias hydroxypropylation txhim kho qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab molecular thiab ua rau lub sijhawm so ntawm HPS ntev dua. Lub DSR ntawm cov tshuaj compound yog qis dua li cov ntshiab HPS thiab cov qauv HPMC ntshiab, tab sis nrog kev nce qib ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm HPS hydroxypropyl, DSR ntawm cov qauv sib xyaw ua ke nce, uas qhia tau tias thixotropy ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke nce ntxiv nrog rau kev sib xyaw ua ke. nce ntawm HPS hydroxypropyl hloov pauv. Nws txo qis nrog nce qib ntawm kev hloov pauv radical, uas zoo ib yam nrog cov txiaj ntsig tsis muaj kev txiav ua ntej.

Table 5-2 Zero shear viscosity (h0), flow cwj pwm Performance index (n), fluid sib xws Performance index (K) thaum lub sij hawm nce tus nqi thiab cov degree ntawm cov qauv rov qab (DSR) tom qab ib tug tej lub sij hawm rov qab rau HPS / HPMC tov nrog sib txawv hydropropyl Hloov qib ntawm HPS ntawm 25 ° C

Hauv cov ntsiab lus, qhov kev sim ruaj khov yam tsis muaj kev txiav ua ntej thiab thixotropic nplhaib thixotropy xeem tuaj yeem soj ntsuam cov qauv zoo nrog kev ua haujlwm loj sib txawv, tab sis rau cov tebchaw nrog HPS hydroxypropyl hloov pauv qib sib txawv nrog qhov sib txawv me me Cov txiaj ntsig kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev daws teeb meem yog qhov sib txawv. cov txiaj ntsig tiag tiag, vim tias cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas yog cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm shear rate thiab shear lub sij hawm, thiab tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov cuam tshuam ntawm ib qho kev sib txawv.

5.3.2 Linear viscoelastic cheeb tsam

Nws yog paub zoo tias rau hydrogels, qhov cia modulus G' yog txiav txim siab los ntawm hardness, lub zog thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov zoo molecular chains, thiab qhov poob modulus G'' yog txiav txim los ntawm kev tsiv teb tsaws, kev txav chaw thiab kev sib txhuam ntawm cov molecules me me thiab cov pab pawg ua haujlwm. . Nws yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev sib txhuam lub zog siv xws li kev co thiab kev sib hloov. Kev tshwm sim kos npe ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm kev cia khoom modulus G′ thiab poob modulus G″ (ie. tan δ = 1). Kev hloov ntawm kev daws mus rau gel yog hu ua gel point. Cov modulus cia G′ thiab qhov poob modulus G” feem ntau yog siv los kawm txog tus cwj pwm gelation, tus nqi tsim thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv gel network [352]. Lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam txog kev txhim kho sab hauv thiab cov qauv molecular thaum tsim cov gel network qauv. kev sib txuas lus [353].

Daim duab 5-4 qhia tau hais tias cov strain sweep curves ntawm HPMC/HPS compound daws nrog ntau qib ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov HPS ntawm ib zaus ntawm 1 Hz thiab ib hom kab mob ntawm 0.01% -100%. Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab uas nyob rau hauv qhov chaw deformation qis (0.01-1%), tag nrho cov qauv tshwj tsis yog HPMC yog G'> G", uas qhia lub xeev gel. Rau HPMC, G' yog nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov duab Qhov sib txawv ntau yam yog ib txwm tsawg dua G", qhia tias HPMC yog nyob rau hauv lub xeev daws teeb meem. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov deformation dependence ntawm viscoelasticity ntawm cov qauv sib txawv yog txawv. Rau cov qauv G80, qhov kev cia siab ntawm viscoelasticity yog qhov pom tseeb dua: thaum lub deformation ntau dua 0.3%, nws tuaj yeem pom tias G' maj mam txo qis, nrog rau kev nce ntxiv hauv G ". nce, nrog rau kev nce ntxiv hauv tan δ; thiab sib tshuam thaum lub deformation tus nqi yog 1.7%, uas qhia tau hais tias lub gel network qauv ntawm G80 yog heev puas tom qab lub deformation npaum li cas tshaj 1.7%, thiab nws yog nyob rau hauv ib tug daws teeb meem.

Fig. 5-4 Storage modulus (G′) thiab poob modulus (G″) vs. strain rau HPS/HPMC blends nrog qhov sib txawv hydroypropyl hloov qib ntawm HPS (Cov khoom thiab hollow cim tam sim no G′ thiab G″, ntsig txog)

Fig. 5-5 tan δ vs. strain rau HPMC/HPS muab tshuaj nrog qhov sib txawv hydropropyl hloov qib ntawm HPS

Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab tias thaj tsam linear viscoelastic ntawm ntshiab HPS yog pom tseeb nqaim nrog qhov txo qis ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov qib. Hauv lwm lo lus, raws li HPS hydroxypropyl degree ntawm kev hloov pauv tau nce, qhov kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv tan δ nkhaus yuav tshwm sim hauv qhov ntau dua deformation ntau. Tshwj xeeb, thaj tsam linear viscoelastic ntawm G80 yog qhov nqaim tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov qauv. Yog li ntawd, linear viscoelastic cheeb tsam ntawm G80 yog siv los txiav txim

Cov txheej txheem rau kev txiav txim siab tus nqi ntawm qhov deformation kuj sib txawv hauv cov kev xeem hauv qab no. Rau HPMC / HPS compound system nrog tib qhov sib xyaw ua ke, thaj tsam linear viscoelastic kuj nqaim nrog qhov txo qis ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov qib ntawm HPS, tab sis cov nyhuv shrinking ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov degree ntawm linear viscoelastic cheeb tsam yog tsis pom tseeb.

5.3.3 Viscoelastic zog thaum cua sov thiab txias

Lub zog viscoelastic zog ntawm HPMC/HPS cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm HPS nrog ntau qib ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov pauv tau qhia hauv daim duab 5-6. Raws li tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab, HPMC nthuav tawm plaub theem thaum lub sijhawm cua sov: thaj chaw pib toj siab, ob theem tsim qauv, thiab thaj chaw toj siab kawg. Nyob rau theem pib toj siab, G ′ < G ″, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm G ′ thiab G ″ yog me me, thiab zoo li yuav txo qis me ntsis nrog qhov nce ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, qhia txog kev coj tus cwj pwm ua kua viscoelastic. Lub thermal gelation ntawm HPMC muaj ob theem sib txawv ntawm cov qauv tsim bounded los ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm G' thiab G "(uas yog, qhov kev daws teeb meem-gel hloov taw tes, nyob ib ncig ntawm 49 ° C), uas yog raws li cov ntaub ntawv dhau los. Sib [160, 354]. Thaum qhov kub thiab txias, vim yog lub koom haum hydrophobic thiab lub koom haum hydrophilic, HPMC maj mam tsim cov qauv sib txawv [344, 355, 356]. Hauv thaj av toj siab ntawm tus Tsov tus tw, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm G' thiab G' yog siab, uas qhia tau tias HPMC gel network qauv tau tsim tag nrho.

Plaub theem ntawm HPMC tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim rov qab raws li qhov kub thiab txias txo. Qhov kev sib tshuam ntawm G′ thiab G″ hloov mus rau thaj tsam kub ntawm 32 ° C thaum lub caij txias, uas tej zaum yuav yog vim hysteresis [208] los yog cov nyhuv condensation ntawm cov saw ntawm qhov kub qis [355]. Zoo ib yam li HPMC, lwm yam qauv thaum lub sij hawm cua sov txheej txheem kuj muaj plaub theem nyob rau hauv, thiab cov phenomenon reversible tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm txias txheej txheem. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab uas G80 thiab A939 qhia cov txheej txheem yooj yim uas tsis muaj kev sib tshuam ntawm G' thiab G ", thiab qhov nkhaus ntawm G80 tseem tsis tshwm sim. Lub platform hauv qab.

Rau cov ntshiab HPS, qib siab dua ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov pauv tuaj yeem hloov pauv qhov kub ntawm qhov pib thiab qhov kawg ntawm kev tsim cov gel, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov kub thiab txias, uas yog 61 ° C rau G80, A939, thiab A1081, raws li. , 62 ° C thiab 54 ° C. Tsis tas li ntawd, rau HPMC / HPS cov qauv nrog tib qhov sib xyaw ua ke, raws li qib kev hloov pauv nce, qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm G' thiab G "ob qho tib si yuav txo qis, uas zoo ib yam nrog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los [357, 358]. Raws li qib ntawm kev hloov pauv nce, qhov kev ntxhib los mos ntawm gel ua mos. Yog li ntawd, hydroxypropylation rhuav tshem cov qauv ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ib txwm thiab txhim kho nws cov hydrophilicity [343].

Rau HPMC / HPS cov qauv sib xyaw ua ke, ob qho tib si G' thiab G ″ tau txo qis nrog kev nce qib ntawm HPS hydroxypropyl hloov pauv, uas tau ua raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm HPS ntshiab. Tsis tas li ntawd, nrog rau qhov sib ntxiv ntawm HPMC, qhov kev hloov pauv qib tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau G' Cov nyhuv nrog G" dhau los ua cov lus hais tsawg.

Cov viscoelastic nkhaus ntawm tag nrho HPMC / HPS cov qauv sib xyaw pom zoo ib yam, uas sib haum rau HPS ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm HPMC. Hauv lwm lo lus, ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, HPS dominates viscoelastic zog ntawm lub compounded system, thaum lub siab kub HPMC txiav txim lub viscoelastic zog ntawm lub compounded system. Qhov txiaj ntsig no feem ntau yog los ntawm HPMC. Tshwj xeeb, HPS yog cov gel txias, uas hloov los ntawm lub xeev gel mus rau lub xeev cov tshuaj thaum rhuab; ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, HPMC yog cov gel kub, uas maj mam tsim cov gel nrog cov qauv kub sib txawv. Rau HPMC / HPS compound system, ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, cov khoom siv gel ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw feem ntau yog pab los ntawm HPS txias gel, thiab ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, gelation ntawm HPMC dominates nyob rau hauv lub compound system.

Fig. 5-6 Storage modulus (G′), poob modulus (G″) thiab tan δ vs. kub rau HPS/HPMC muab tshuaj nrog qhov sib txawv hydroypropyl hloov qib ntawm HPS

Lub modulus ntawm HPMC / HPS composite system, raws li kev cia siab, yog nruab nrab ntawm cov moduli ntawm HPMC ntshiab thiab ntshiab HPS. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem nyuaj nthuav tawm G ′> G ″ nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntsuas kub ntsuas, uas qhia tau tias HPMC thiab HPS tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke nrog cov dej molecules, raws li, thiab tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke hydrogen nrog ib leeg. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub poob yam nkhaus, tag nrho cov complex systems muaj ib tug tan δ ncov ntawm txog 45 ° C, qhia tau hais tias lub nruam hloov pauv tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub complex system. Qhov kev hloov pauv theem no yuav raug tham hauv 5.3.6 tom ntej. txuas ntxiv kev sib tham.

5.3.4 Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm qhov sib xyaw viscosity

Kev nkag siab txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov khoom siv rheological yog qhov tseem ceeb vim tias muaj ntau qhov kub thiab txias uas yuav tshwm sim thaum ua thiab khaws cia [359, 360]. Nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 5 ° C - 85 ° C, cov nyhuv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov viscosity complex ntawm HPMC / HPS cov kev daws teeb meem nrog ntau qib ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov HPS yog qhia hauv daim duab 5-7. Los ntawm daim duab 5-7(a), nws tuaj yeem pom tias cov viscosity nyuaj ntawm HPS ntshiab txo qis nrog qhov nce ntawm qhov kub thiab txias; Lub viscosity ntawm ntshiab HPMC txo qis me ntsis los ntawm qhov pib mus rau 45 ° C nrog qhov kub thiab txias. txhim kho.

Cov viscosity nkhaus ntawm tag nrho cov qauv sib xyaw pom zoo sib xws nrog qhov kub thiab txias, thawj zaug txo nrog qhov kub thiab txias thiab tom qab ntawd nce nrog qhov kub thiab txias. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov viscosity ntawm cov qauv sib xyaw yog ze rau ntawm HPS ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab ze rau ntawm HPMC ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Cov txiaj ntsig no kuj tseem cuam tshuam rau tus cwj pwm gelation peculiar ntawm HPMC thiab HPS. Qhov viscosity nkhaus ntawm cov qauv sib xyaw pom tau hloov pauv sai ntawm 45 ° C, tej zaum yog vim muaj kev hloov pauv theem hauv HPMC / HPS compounded system. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsim nyog sau cia tias qhov viscosity ntawm G80 / HPMC 5: 5 cov qauv sib xyaw ntawm qhov kub thiab txias yog siab dua li ntawm HPMC ntshiab, uas yog vim qhov siab dua intrinsic viscosity ntawm G80 ntawm qhov kub siab [361]. Nyob rau hauv tib lub compounding piv, lub compound viscosity ntawm lub compounding system txo nrog qhov nce ntawm HPS hydroxypropyl hloov degree. Yog li, kev qhia txog cov pab pawg hydroxypropyl rau hauv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab tuaj yeem ua rau tawg ntawm intramolecular hydrogen bonds hauv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab.

Daim duab 5-7 Complex viscosity vs. kub rau HPS/HPMC sib xyaw nrog cov sib txawv hydroypropyl hloov qib ntawm HPS

Cov nyhuv ntawm qhov kub ntawm qhov nyuaj viscosity ntawm HPMC / HPS compound system ua raws li Arrhenius kev sib raug zoo nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam kub thiab txias, thiab complex viscosity muaj ib tug exponential kev sib raug zoo nrog kub. Qhov sib npaug Arrhenius yog raws li nram no:

Ntawm lawv, η* yog complex viscosity, Pa s;

A yog ib txwm, Pa s;

T yog qhov kub thiab txias, K;

R yog cov pa tsis tu ncua, 8.3144 J·mol–1·K–1;

E yog lub zog ua kom muaj zog, J·mol-1.

Haum raws li cov qauv (5-3), viscosity-kub nkhaus ntawm cov kab ke sib xyaw tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob ntu raws li tan δ ncov ntawm 45 ° C; cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ntawm 5 ° C - 45 ° C thiab 45 ° C - 85 ° Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua kom lub zog E thiab qhov tsis tu ncua A tau txais los ntawm kev sib haum ntawm qhov ntau ntawm C yog qhia hauv Table 5-3. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua kom lub zog E yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm −174 kJ·mol−1 thiab 124 kJ·mol−1, thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov tsis tu ncua A yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 6.24 × 10−11 Pa·s thiab 1.99 × 1028 Pa·s. Tsis pub dhau qhov haum, qhov sib txuas sib txuas sib txuas tau siab dua (R2 = 0.9071 - 0.9892) tshwj tsis yog rau cov qauv G80 / HPMC. Cov qauv G80 / HPMC muaj qis dua coefficient (R2 = 0.4435) nyob rau hauv qhov kub ntawm 45 ° C - 85 ° C, uas tej zaum yuav yog vim qhov hardness ntawm G80 thiab nws qhov hnyav dua piv rau lwm HPS Crystallization tus nqi [ 362] ib. Cov cuab yeej no ntawm G80 ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim cov tshuaj tsis sib xws thaum sib xyaw nrog HPMC.

Hauv qhov kub ntawm 5 ° C - 45 ° C, E tus nqi ntawm HPMC / HPS cov qauv sib xyaw yog qis dua li ntawm HPS ntshiab, uas tej zaum yuav yog vim muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm HPS thiab HPMC. Txo qhov kub dependence ntawm viscosity. Tus nqi E ntawm HPMC ntshiab yog siab dua li ntawm lwm cov qauv. Lub zog ua kom muaj zog rau tag nrho cov qauv uas muaj cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab yog qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, qhia tau hais tias ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, qhov txo qis hauv cov viscosity nrog qhov kub thiab txias tsis tshua muaj suab nrov thiab cov formulations nthuav tawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab zoo li kev ntxhib los mos.

Table 5-3 Arrhenius equation parameters (E: activation zog; A: tas li; R 2: kev txiav txim siab coefficient) los ntawm Eq.(1) rau HPS / HPMC sib xyaw nrog ntau qib ntawm hydroxypropylation ntawm HPS

Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv qhov kub siab dua ntawm 45 ° C - 85 ° C, E tus nqi hloov pauv zoo ntawm HPS ntshiab thiab HPMC / HPS cov qauv sib xyaw, thiab E tus nqi ntawm HPSs ntshiab yog 45.6 kJ · mol−1 - Hauv qhov ntau ntawm 124 kJ·mol−1, E qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov complexes yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm -3.77 kJ·mol−1– -72.2 kJ·mol–1. Qhov kev hloov no qhia tau hais tias muaj zog ntawm HPMC ntawm kev ua kom lub zog ntawm cov txheej txheem nyuaj, raws li E tus nqi ntawm HPMC ntshiab yog -174 kJ mol-1. E qhov tseem ceeb ntawm HPMC ntshiab thiab cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke yog qhov tsis zoo, uas qhia tau hais tias ntawm qhov kub siab dua, qhov viscosity nce nrog qhov kub thiab txias, thiab cov khoom sib xyaw ua rau HPMC zoo li tus cwj pwm zoo nkauj.

Cov teebmeem ntawm HPMC thiab HPS ntawm qhov nyuaj viscosity ntawm HPMC / HPS compound systems ntawm qhov kub thiab txias tsis tshua muaj qhov sib xws nrog cov khoom sib tham viscoelastic.

5.3.5 Dynamic mechanical zog

Cov duab 5-8 qhia qhov zaus cheb nkhaus ntawm 5 ° C ntawm HPMC / HPS cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm HPS nrog ntau qib ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov pauv. Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab uas HPS ntshiab pom muaj tus cwj pwm zoo li tus cwj pwm (G′> G″), thaum HPMC yog tus cwj pwm ua kua (G′ < G″). Txhua HPMC/HPS formulations nthuav tawm kev coj tus cwj pwm zoo. Rau feem ntau ntawm cov qauv, ob qho tib si G' thiab G "nce nrog nce zaus, qhia tias cov khoom zoo li tus cwj pwm ntawm cov khoom muaj zog.

Pure HPMCs nthuav tawm qhov tseeb qhov kev cia siab uas nyuaj rau pom hauv cov qauv HPS ntshiab. Raws li qhov xav tau, HPMC/HPS txoj kab ke ua haujlwm tau nthuav tawm qee qhov kev cia siab ntawm zaus. Rau tag nrho cov HPS-muaj cov qauv, n ' ib txwm qis dua n ", thiab G" nthuav tawm qhov muaj zog zaus dependence tshaj G', qhia tias cov qauv no yog elastic dua viscous [352, 359, 363]. Yog li, qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov qauv sib xyaw ua ke yog txiav txim siab los ntawm HPS, uas yog vim HPMC nthuav tawm cov tshuaj viscosity qis hauv lub xeev ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.

Table 5-4 n′, n″, G0′ thiab G0” rau HPS/HPMC nrog sib txawv hydropropyl hloov degree ntawm HPS ntawm 5 ° C raws li tau txiav txim los ntawm Eqs. (5-1) thiab (5-2)

Fig. 5-8 Cia modulus (G′) thiab poob modulus (G″) vs. zaus rau HPS/HPMC sib xyaw nrog qhov sib txawv hydroypropyl hloov qib ntawm HPS ntawm 5 ° C

Pure HPMCs nthuav tawm qhov tseeb qhov kev cia siab uas nyuaj rau pom hauv cov qauv HPS ntshiab. Raws li kev cia siab rau HPMC / HPS complex, lub ligand system tau nthuav tawm qee qhov kev vam meej ntawm qhov kev vam meej. Rau tag nrho cov HPS-muaj cov qauv, n ' ib txwm qis dua n ", thiab G" nthuav tawm qhov muaj zog zaus dependence tshaj G', qhia tias cov qauv no yog elastic dua viscous [352, 359, 363]. Yog li, qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov qauv sib xyaw ua ke yog txiav txim siab los ntawm HPS, uas yog vim HPMC nthuav tawm cov tshuaj viscosity qis hauv lub xeev ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.

Daim duab 5-9 qhia qhov zaus cheb nkhaus ntawm HPMC/HPS cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm HPS nrog ntau qib ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov pauv ntawm 85 ° C. Raws li tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab, tag nrho lwm cov qauv HPS tshwj tsis yog A1081 nthuav tawm tus cwj pwm zoo li tus cwj pwm. Rau A1081, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm G ' thiab G " yog ze heev, thiab G ' me me dua G ", uas qhia tau tias A1081 coj raws li cov kua dej.

Qhov no tej zaum yuav yog vim A1081 yog ib tug txias gel thiab undergoes ib tug gel-rau-kev hloov pauv ntawm kub. Ntawm qhov tod tes, rau cov qauv nrog tib qhov sib xyaw ua ke, qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm n ', n ', G0' thiab G0 "(Table 5-5) tag nrho poob nrog qhov nce ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov qib, qhia tias hydroxypropylation txo cov khoom- zoo li tus cwj pwm ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ntawm qhov kub thiab txias (85 ° C). Tshwj xeeb, n′ thiab n″ ntawm G80 yog ze rau 0, qhia muaj zog zoo li tus cwj pwm; Hauv qhov sib piv, qhov n ' thiab n ' qhov tseem ceeb ntawm A1081 yog ze rau 1, qhia txog kev coj tus cwj pwm muaj zog. Cov n ' thiab n "qhov tseem ceeb no tau ua raws li cov ntaub ntawv rau G' thiab G". Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li tau pom los ntawm cov duab 5-9, qhov degree ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov pauv tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov zaus ntawm HPS ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.

Fig. 5-9 Storage modulus (G′) thiab poob modulus (G″) vs. zaus rau HPS/HPMC sib xyaw nrog qhov sib txawv hydroypropyl hloov qib ntawm HPS ntawm 85 ° C

Cov duab 5-9 qhia tias HPMC nthuav tawm tus cwj pwm zoo li tus cwj pwm (G′> G″) ntawm 85 ° C, uas yog feem ntau yog vim nws cov khoom siv thermogel. Tsis tas li ntawd, G′ thiab G″ ntawm HPMC sib txawv nrog zaus Qhov nce tsis hloov ntau, qhia tias nws tsis muaj qhov tseeb ntawm kev vam meej.

Rau HPMC / HPS compound system, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm n ' thiab n ' yog ob qho tib si ze rau 0, thiab G0' yog qhov siab dua G0 (Table ″ 5-5), lees paub nws tus cwj pwm zoo li. Ntawm qhov tod tes, kev hloov pauv hydroxypropyl ntau dua tuaj yeem hloov HPS los ntawm cov khoom zoo li kua zoo li tus cwj pwm, qhov tshwm sim uas tsis tshwm sim hauv cov kev daws teeb meem sib xyaw. Tsis tas li ntawd, rau qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke ntxiv nrog HPMC, nrog rau qhov ntau zaus, G' thiab G "tseem nyob ruaj khov, thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm n' thiab n" nyob ze rau ntawm HPMC. Tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig no qhia tias HPMC ua tus tswj hwm lub viscoelasticity ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ntawm qhov kub ntawm 85 ° C.

Table 5-5 n′, n″, G0′ thiab G0” rau HPS/HPMC nrog sib txawv hydropropyl hloov HPS ntawm 85 ° C raws li tau txiav txim los ntawm Eqs. (5-1) thiab (5-2)

5.3.6 Morphology ntawm HPMC/HPS composite system

Cov theem hloov ntawm HPMC / HPS compound system tau kawm los ntawm iodine staining optical microscope. HPMC/HPS compound system nrog qhov sib piv ntawm 5: 5 tau sim ntawm 25 ° C, 45 ° C thiab 85 ° C. Cov duab thaij duab thaij duab hauv qab no tau pom hauv daim duab 5-10. Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab tias tom qab dyeing nrog iodine, HPS theem yog dyed rau hauv cov xim tsaus, thiab HPMC theem qhia cov xim sib dua vim nws tsis tuaj yeem dyed los ntawm iodine. Yog li ntawd, ob theem ntawm HPMC/HPS tuaj yeem ua kom pom tseeb. Ntawm qhov kub siab dua, thaj tsam ntawm thaj chaw tsaus ntuj (HPS theem) nce thiab thaj tsam ntawm thaj chaw kaj (HPMC theem) txo qis. Tshwj xeeb, ntawm 25 ° C, HPMC (xim xim) yog theem txuas ntxiv hauv HPMC / HPS cov txheej txheem sib xyaw, thiab theem me me kheej kheej HPS (xim tsaus) yog tawg nyob rau hauv HPMC txuas mus ntxiv. Hauv qhov sib piv, ntawm 85 ° C, HPMC tau dhau los ua ib qho me me thiab tsis xwm yeem zoo li cov kab mob sib kis tau tawg mus rau hauv HPS txuas ntxiv mus.

Daim duab 5-8 Morphologies ntawm dyed 1: 1 HPMC / HPS sib tov ntawm 25 ° C, 45 ° C thiab 85 ° C

Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, yuav tsum muaj qhov hloov pauv ntawm theem morphology ntawm cov theem txuas ntxiv ntawm HPMC mus rau HPS hauv HPMC / HPS compound system. Hauv txoj kev xav, nws yuav tsum tshwm sim thaum lub viscosity ntawm HPMC thiab HPS zoo ib yam lossis zoo sib xws. Raws li tuaj yeem pom los ntawm 45 ° C micrographs hauv daim duab 5-10, daim duab "hiav txwv-kos" theem tsis tshwm sim, tab sis pom muaj kev sib koom ua ke. Qhov kev soj ntsuam no tseem lees paub qhov tseeb tias qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov theem txuas ntxiv tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm qhov kawg ntawm δ hauv qhov dissipation factor-temperature curve tham hauv 5.3.3.

Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab uas qhov kub tsis tshua muaj (25 ° C), qee qhov ntawm HPS tsaus nti dispersed theem qhia tau hais tias qee yam ntawm cov xim ci, uas tej zaum yuav yog vim ib feem ntawm HPMC theem muaj nyob hauv HPS theem hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib theem dispersed. nruab nrab. coincidentally, ntawm qhov kub thiab txias (85 ° C), qee qhov me me me me me tau faib rau hauv cov xim HPMC dispersed theem, thiab cov xim me me no yog HPS txuas ntxiv mus. Cov kev soj ntsuam no qhia tau hais tias muaj qee qhov qib ntawm mesophase muaj nyob hauv HPMC-HPS cov kab ke sib xyaw, yog li tseem qhia tau tias HPMC muaj qee qhov sib haum nrog HPS.

5.3.7 Schematic daim duab ntawm theem hloov ntawm HPMC/HPS compound system

Raws li tus cwj pwm classical rheological ntawm polymer kev daws teeb meem thiab cov ntsiab lus sib xyaw gel [216, 232] thiab kev sib piv nrog cov complexes sib tham hauv daim ntawv, cov qauv hauv paus ntsiab lus rau kev hloov pauv ntawm HPMC / HPS complexes nrog qhov kub thiab txias, raws li qhia hauv daim duab 5–11.

Daim duab 5-11 Schematic qauv ntawm sol-gel hloov ntawm HPMC (a); HPS (b); thiab HPMC/HPS (c)

Tus cwj pwm gel ntawm HPMC thiab nws cov txheej txheem kev hloov pauv-gel cuam tshuam tau kawm ntau [159, 160, 207, 208]. Ib qho ntawm cov kev lees paub dav dav yog tias HPMC chains muaj nyob rau hauv kev daws teeb meem hauv daim ntawv sib sau ua ke. Cov pawg no muaj kev sib cuam tshuam los ntawm kev qhwv qee cov qauv uas tsis muaj kev hloov pauv lossis tsis muaj cov txheej txheem soluble cellulose, thiab txuas nrog cov cheeb tsam uas muaj kev hloov pauv los ntawm hydrophobic aggregation ntawm methyl pawg thiab hydroxyl pawg. Thaum qhov kub thiab txias, cov dej molecules tsim lub tawb zoo li cov qauv sab nraum cov methyl hydrophobic pawg thiab cov txheej txheem dej plhaub sab nraum cov hydrophilic pawg xws li hydroxyl pawg, tiv thaiv HPMC los ntawm kev tsim interchain hydrogen bonds ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Raws li qhov kub thiab txias, HPMC absorbs lub zog thiab cov dej tawb thiab cov plhaub dej tau tawg, uas yog cov kinetics ntawm kev hloov pauv-gel. Lub rupture ntawm lub tawb dej thiab lub plhaub dej nthuav tawm cov methyl thiab hydroxypropyl pawg mus rau qhov chaw aqueous, uas ua rau muaj qhov nce ntxiv hauv cov ntim dawb. Thaum kub siab dua, vim yog lub koom haum hydrophobic ntawm cov pab pawg hydrophobic thiab cov koom haum hydrophilic ntawm pawg hydrophilic, cov qauv peb sab ntawm cov gel yog thaum kawg tsim, raws li qhia hauv daim duab 5-11(a).

Tom qab cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab gelatinization, amylose dissolves los ntawm starch granules los ua ib tug hollow ib helical qauv, uas yog tsis tu ncua qhov txhab thiab thaum kawg nthuav tawm lub xeev ntawm random coils. Qhov no ib leeg-helix qauv tsim ib kab noj hniav hydrophobic nyob rau hauv thiab ib tug hydrophilic nto rau sab nraum. Cov qauv ntom ntom ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab no ua rau nws muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo dua [230-232]. Yog li ntawd, HPS muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev sib txawv random coils nrog ib co stretched helical ntu nyob rau hauv aqueous tov ntawm kub. Raws li qhov kub thiab txias, cov hydrogen bonds ntawm HPS thiab dej molecules tau tawg thiab khi dej ploj. Thaum kawg, cov qauv peb-dimensional network yog tsim los ntawm kev tsim cov hydrogen bonds ntawm molecular chains, thiab ib tug gel yog tsim, raws li qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab 5-11(b).

Feem ntau, thaum ob yam khoom sib txawv nrog cov viscosities sib xyaw ua ke, cov viscosity siab feem ntau ua rau cov theem tawg thiab tawg mus rau theem tsis tu ncua ntawm cov viscosity tsawg. Ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, qhov viscosity ntawm HPMC yog qhov qis dua li ntawm HPS. Yog li, HPMC tsim ib ntu txuas ntxiv nyob ib puag ncig lub siab-viscosity HPS gel theem. Ntawm cov npoo ntawm ob theem, cov pab pawg hydroxyl ntawm HPMC chains poob ib feem ntawm cov dej khi thiab tsim cov ntawv cog lus nrog cov HPS molecular chains. Thaum lub sij hawm ua cua sov, HPS molecular chains tsiv vim absorbing txaus lub zog thiab tsim hydrogen bonds nrog dej molecules, uas ua rau lub rupture ntawm lub gel qauv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov qauv dej-cage thiab cov qauv dej-plhaub ntawm HPMC cov saw hlau raug rhuav tshem thiab maj mam tawg kom nthuav tawm cov pab pawg hydrophilic thiab pawg hydrophobic. Thaum qhov kub thiab txias, HPMC tsim ib lub gel network qauv vim yog intermolecular hydrogen bonds thiab hydrophobic koom haum, thiab yog li ua ib tug high-viscosity dispersed theem dispersed nyob rau hauv lub HPS nruam theem ntawm random coils, raws li qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab 5-11(c). Yog li ntawd, HPS thiab HPMC tau tuav lub zog rheological, gel zog thiab theem morphology ntawm cov gels sib xyaw ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, raws li.

Kev taw qhia ntawm cov pab pawg hydroxypropyl rau hauv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ua rau nws cov txheej txheem sab hauv intramolecular hydrogen daim ntawv cog lus, kom cov gelatinized amylose molecules nyob rau hauv lub xeev o thiab ncab, uas ua rau kom cov dej muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov molecules thiab inhibits qhov nyiam ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab rau entangle random. nyob rau hauv aqueous tov [362] Yog li ntawd, cov khoom loj thiab cov khoom siv hydrophilic ntawm hydroxypropyl ua rau recombination ntawm amylose molecular chains thiab tsim ntawm cross-linking cheeb tsam nyuaj [233]. Yog li ntawd, nrog qhov txo qis ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, piv nrog cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ib txwm muaj, HPS zoo li tsim kom muaj kev sib tw thiab softer gel network qauv.

Nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov pauv, muaj ntau qhov kev sib tw helical feem hauv HPS cov tshuaj, uas tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke hydrogen ntau dua nrog HPMC cov saw hlau molecular ntawm tus ciam teb ntawm ob theem, yog li tsim cov qauv ntau dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, hydroxypropylation txo cov viscosity ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, uas txo cov viscosity txawv ntawm HPMC thiab HPS hauv kev tsim. Yog li ntawd, cov theem hloov pauv hauv HPMC / HPS complex system hloov mus rau qhov kub thiab txias nrog nce qib ntawm HPS hydroxypropyl hloov pauv. Qhov no tuaj yeem lees paub los ntawm kev hloov pauv sai sai hauv viscosity nrog qhov ntsuas kub ntawm cov qauv rov ua dua tshiab hauv 5.3.4.

5.4 Tshooj Summary

Hauv tshooj no, HPMC / HPS cov kev daws teeb meem sib txawv nrog HPS hydroxypropyl hloov pauv qib tau npaj, thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm HPS hydroxypropyl hloov pauv qib ntawm cov khoom siv rheological thiab gel ntawm HPMC / HPS txias thiab kub gel compound system tau tshawb xyuas los ntawm rheometer. Cov theem faib ntawm HPMC / HPS txias thiab kub gel composite system tau kawm los ntawm iodine staining optical microscope tsom xam. Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb yog raws li hauv qab no:

1. Nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, qhov viscosity thiab shear thinning ntawm HPMC / HPS compound tov txo nrog qhov nce ntawm HPS hydroxypropyl hloov degree. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim hais tias cov kev taw qhia ntawm hydroxypropyl pawg mus rau hauv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab molecule rhuav tshem nws cov intramolecular hydrogen daim ntawv cog lus thiab txhim kho cov hydrophilicity ntawm starch.
2. Nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, lub xoom-shear viscosity h0, ntws Performance index n, thiab viscosity coefficient K ntawm HPMC / HPS compound daws raug cuam tshuam los ntawm HPMC thiab hydroxypropylation. Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm HPMC cov ntsiab lus, xoom shear viscosity h0 txo qis, qhov ntsuas ntws n nce, thiab cov viscosity coefficient K txo; lub xoom shear viscosity h0, ntws Performance index n thiab viscosity coefficient K ntawm ntshiab HPS tag nrho nce nrog hydroxyl Nrog rau qhov nce qib ntawm propyl hloov, nws ua me; Tab sis rau qhov sib xyaw ua ke, xoom shear viscosity h0 txo qis nrog kev nce qib ntawm kev hloov pauv, thaum lub ndlwg Performance index n thiab viscosity tas li K nce nrog kev nce qib ntawm kev hloov pauv.
3. Txoj kev shearing nrog pre-shearing thiab peb-theem thixotropy tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov viscosity, ntws zog thiab thixotropy ntawm cov tshuaj tov.
4. Lub linear viscoelastic cheeb tsam ntawm HPMC / HPS compound system nqaim nrog qhov txo qis ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov qib ntawm HPS.
5. Nyob rau hauv qhov txias-kub gel compound system, HPMC thiab HPS tuaj yeem tsim cov theem txuas ntxiv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, feem. Cov qauv no hloov pauv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov viscosity complex, viscoelastic zog, zaus dependence thiab gel zog ntawm complex gel.
6. Raws li cov theem sib txawv, HPMC thiab HPS tuaj yeem txiav txim siab cov khoom siv rheological thiab cov khoom siv gel ntawm HPMC / HPS cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ntawm qhov kub thiab qis, raws li. Cov viscoelastic nkhaus ntawm HPMC/HPS cov qauv sib xyaw ua ke tau zoo ib yam nrog HPS ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm HPMC.
7. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj hloov pauv ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab kuj muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau cov khoom gel. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias qhov nyuaj viscosity, kev cia khoom modulus, thiab poob modulus tag nrho txo ​​nrog qhov nce ntawm HPS hydroxypropyl hloov qib. Yog li ntawd, hydroxypropylation ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ib txwm tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nws cov qauv txiav txim thiab ua rau kom muaj cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hydrophilicity, uas ua rau cov gel zoo nkauj.
8. Hydroxypropylation tuaj yeem txo cov khoom zoo li tus cwj pwm ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab ua kua zoo li tus cwj pwm ntawm qhov kub siab. Thaum tsis tshua muaj kub, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm n ' thiab n ″ tau loj dua nrog qhov nce ntawm HPS hydroxypropyl hloov pauv qib; ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, n ' thiab n ' qhov tseem ceeb tau me me nrog qhov nce ntawm HPS hydroxypropyl hloov pauv qib.
9. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm microstructure, rheological zog thiab gel cov khoom ntawm HPMC / HPS composite system tau tsim. Ob qho kev hloov pauv sai sai ntawm qhov viscosity nkhaus ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw thiab cov tan δ ncov hauv qhov poob qhov nkhaus tshwm sim ntawm 45 ° C, uas yog zoo ib yam nrog cov xwm txheej sib txuas txuas ntxiv pom hauv micrograph (ntawm 45 ° C).

Hauv cov ntsiab lus, HPMC / HPS txias-kub gel composite system qhia tshwj xeeb kub tswj theem morphology thiab cov khoom. Los ntawm ntau yam kev hloov kho tshuaj ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab cellulose, HPMC / HPS txias thiab kub gel compound system tuaj yeem siv rau kev txhim kho thiab kev siv cov khoom ntse uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.

Tshooj 6 Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm HPS Kev Hloov Kho Degree ntawm Cov Khoom thiab Cov Txheej Txheem Ua Haujlwm ntawm HPMC / HPS Composite Membranes

Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm Tshooj 5 tias kev hloov pauv ntawm cov qauv tshuaj ntawm cov khoom hauv cov txheej txheem sib xyaw txiav txim siab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv rheological, cov khoom siv gel thiab lwm yam kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw. Kev ua tau zoo tag nrho muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj heev.

Tshooj lus no tsom mus rau kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov qauv tshuaj ntawm cov khoom ntawm microstructure thiab macroscopic zog ntawm HPMC / HPS cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw. Ua ke nrog kev cuam tshuam ntawm Tshooj 5 ntawm cov khoom rheological ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw, cov khoom siv rheological ntawm HPMC / HPS cov txheej txheem sib xyaw yog tsim- kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov khoom ua yeeb yaj kiab.

6.1 Cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv

6.1.1 Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev sim

6.1.2 Cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb thiab khoom siv

6.2 Kev sim txoj kev

6.2.1 Kev npaj ntawm HPMC / HPS cov khoom sib xyaw nrog HPS hydroxypropyl hloov pauv qib sib txawv

Tag nrho cov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj compound yog 8% (w / w), HPMC / HPS compound piv yog 10: 0, 5: 5, 0: 10, cov yas yog 2.4% (w / w) polyethylene glycol, Cov khoom noj tau Composite zaj duab xis ntawm HPMC / HPS tau npaj los ntawm txoj kev casting. Rau txoj kev npaj tshwj xeeb, saib 3.2.1.

6.2.2 Microdomain qauv ntawm HPMC / HPS cov khoom sib xyaw nrog HPS hydroxypropyl hloov pauv qib

6.2.2.1 Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm microstructure tsom xam ntawm synchrotron hluav taws xob me me-lub kaum sab xis X-ray tawg

Me Angel X-ray Scattering (SAXS) yog hais txog qhov tshwm sim tawg los ntawm X-ray beam irradiating tus qauv nyob rau hauv kev sim nyob rau hauv ib tug me me kaum sab xis ntawm lub X-ray beam. Raws li cov nanoscale electron ceev sib txawv ntawm cov scatterer thiab ib puag ncig nruab nrab, me me-lub kaum sab xis X-ray scattering feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm cov khoom, colloidal, thiab kua polymer cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub nanoscale ntau. Piv nrog rau qhov dav-angle X-ray diffraction thev naus laus zis, SAXS tuaj yeem tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov nplai loj dua, uas tuaj yeem siv los txheeb xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv polymer molecular chains, cov qauv ntev ntev, thiab cov qauv theem thiab theem faib ntawm cov txheej txheem polymer complex. . Synchrotron X-ray teeb pom kev zoo yog ib hom tshiab ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo, uas muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov purity siab, siab polarization, nqaim mem tes, siab ci, thiab siab collimation, yog li nws tuaj yeem tau txais cov ntaub ntawv nanoscale qauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sai dua. thiab raug. Tshuaj ntsuam cov SAXS spectrum ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuas tuaj yeem ua rau ib leeg hluav taws xob huab cua (kev sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (kev sib txawv ntawm ob-theem cuam tshuam ntawm porod los yog Debye's theorem). ), scatterer self-similarity (txawm nws muaj fractal nta), scatterer dispersity (monodispersity los yog polydispersity txiav txim los ntawm Guinier) thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv, thiab lub scatterer fractal dimension, gyration vojvoog, thiab nruab nrab txheej ntawm rov qab units kuj yuav quantitatively tau. Thickness, qhov nruab nrab qhov loj me, qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom tawg, cov cheeb tsam tshwj xeeb thiab lwm yam tsis muaj.

6.2.2.2 Test method

Ntawm Australian Synchrotron Radiation Center (Clayton, Victoria, Australia), lub ntiaj teb cov txheej txheem thib peb synchrotron hluav taws xob qhov chaw (flux 1013 photons / s, wavelength 1.47 Å) tau siv los txiav txim siab cov qauv micro-domain thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw. zaj duab xis. Cov qauv kev faib ua ob sab ntawm cov qauv ntsuas tau sau los ntawm Pilatus 1M ntes (169 × 172 μm cheeb tsam, 172 × 172 μm pixel loj), thiab cov qauv ntsuas tau nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm 0.015 < q < 0.15 Å−1 ( q yog qhov scattering vector) Sab hauv ib-dimensional me-lub kaum sab xis X-ray scattering nkhaus yog tau los ntawm ob-dimensional scattering qauv los ntawm ScatterBrain software, thiab lub scattering vector q thiab lub scattering lub kaum sab xis 2 yog hloov dua siab tshiab los ntawm cov mis i / , X-ray wavelength nyob qhov twg. Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv yog pre-normalized ua ntej cov ntaub ntawv tsom xam.

6.2.3 Thermogravimetric tsom xam ntawm HPMC / HPS cov khoom sib xyaw nrog cov qib sib txawv ntawm HPS hydroxypropyl hloov pauv

6.2.3.1 Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ntsuas thermogravimetric

Ib yam li 3.2.5.1

6.2.3.2 Test method

Saib 3.2.5.2

6.2.4 Tensile zog ntawm HPMC / HPS cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw nrog ntau qib ntawm HPS hydroxypropyl hloov pauv

6.2.4.1 Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm tensile khoom tsom xam

Ib yam li 3.2.6.1

6.2.4.2 Test method

Saib 3.2.6.2

Siv ISO37 tus qauv, nws raug txiav rau hauv dumbbell-zoo li tus splines, nrog rau tag nrho ntev ntawm 35 hli, qhov nrug ntawm cov kab kos ntawm 12 hli, thiab qhov dav ntawm 2 hli. Tag nrho cov qauv kuaj tau sib npaug ntawm 75% av noo rau ntau tshaj 3 d.

6.2.5 Oxygen permeability ntawm HPMC / HPS cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw nrog ntau qib ntawm HPS hydroxypropyl hloov pauv

6.2.5.1 Ntsiab cai ntawm oxygen permeability tsom xam

Ib yam li 3.2.7.1

6.2.5.2 Test method

Saib 3.2.7.2

6.3 Cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev sib tham

6.3.1 Crystal qauv tsom ntawm HPMC / HPS cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw nrog ntau qib ntawm HPS hydroxypropyl hloov pauv

Daim duab 6-1 qhia txog lub kaum sab xis me me X-ray spectra ntawm HPMC/HPS cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw nrog ntau qib ntawm HPS hydroxypropyl hloov pauv. Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab uas nyob rau hauv qhov loj-scale ntau ntawm q> 0.3 Å (2θ> 40), pom tseeb tus yam ntxwv peaks tshwm nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov qauv membrane. Los ntawm X-ray scattering qauv ntawm cov ntshiab tivthaiv zaj duab xis (Fig. 6-1a), ntshiab HPMC muaj ib tug muaj zog X-ray scattering yam ntxwv ncov ntawm 0.569 Å, qhia tias HPMC muaj ib tug X-ray scattering ncov nyob rau hauv lub wide-angle. thaj tsam ntawm 7.70 (2θ> 50). Crystal yam ntxwv ncov, qhia tias HPMC muaj qee yam crystalline qauv ntawm no. Ob qho tib si ntshiab A939 thiab A1081 starch zaj duab xis kuaj pom qhov sib txawv X-ray tawg peak ntawm 0.397 Å, qhia tias HPS muaj cov yam ntxwv crystalline ncov hauv thaj tsam dav ntawm 5.30, uas sib haum rau B-hom crystalline ncov ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab. Nws tuaj yeem pom tseeb los ntawm daim duab uas A939 nrog qis hydroxypropyl hloov pauv muaj thaj tsam loj dua li A1081 nrog kev hloov pauv siab. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim hais tias qhov kev taw qhia ntawm hydroxypropyl pawg mus rau hauv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab molecular saws lov tus thawj txiav txim qauv ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab molecules, tsub kom qhov nyuaj ntawm rearrangement thiab cross-linking ntawm starch molecular chains, thiab txo cov degree ntawm starch recrystallization. Nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm pawg hydroxypropyl, cov nyhuv inhibitory ntawm hydroxypropyl pawg ntawm starch recrystallization yog pom tseeb dua.

Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm lub kaum sab xis xoo hluav taws xob me me ntawm cov qauv sib xyaw (Fig. 6-1b) tias HPMC-HPS cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw txhua qhov pom pom tseeb cov yam ntxwv siab ntawm 0.569 Å thiab 0.397 Å, sib xws rau 7.70 HPMC siv lead ua tus yam ntxwv ncov, feem. Lub ncov cheeb tsam ntawm HPS crystallization ntawm HPMC / A939 puas zaj duab xis yog ho loj dua li ntawm HPMC / A1081 puas zaj duab xis. Lub rearrangement yog suppressed, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv variation ntawm lub HPS crystallization ncov cheeb tsam nrog degree ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov nyob rau hauv cov ntshiab tivthaiv films. Lub crystalline ncov cheeb tsam sib raug rau HPMC ntawm 7.70 rau cov khoom sib xyaw nrog cov qib sib txawv ntawm HPS hydroxypropyl hloov pauv tsis hloov ntau. Piv nrog rau cov spectrum ntawm cov qauv dawb huv (Daim duab 5-1a), thaj tsam ntawm HPMC crystallization peaks thiab HPS crystallization peaks ntawm cov qauv sib xyaw txo qis, uas qhia tau hais tias los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm ob, HPMC thiab HPS tuaj yeem ua tau zoo rau lwm pab pawg. Lub recrystallization tshwm sim ntawm cov khoom sib cais zaj duab xis plays lub luag haujlwm inhibitory.

Daim duab 6-1 SAXS spectra ntawm HPMC/HPS muab cov yeeb yaj kiab nrog ntau yam hydroxypropyl hloov qib ntawm HPS

Hauv kev xaus, qhov nce ntawm HPS hydroxypropyl hloov pauv qib thiab kev sib xyaw ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov tshwm sim recrystallization ntawm HPMC / HPS puas daim nyias nyias mus rau qee yam. Qhov nce ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov pauv qib ntawm HPS feem ntau inhibited lub recrystallization ntawm HPS nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw ua ke, thaum lub sij hawm ob-cov khoom xyaw ua si ib lub luag hauj lwm inhibitory nyob rau hauv lub recrystallization ntawm HPS thiab HPMC nyob rau hauv lub composite membrane.

6.3.2 Tus kheej-zoo li fractal qauv tsom xam ntawm HPMC/HPS puas daim nyias nyias nrog txawv HPS hydroxypropyl hloov qib

Qhov nruab nrab cov saw ntev (R) ntawm polysaccharide molecules xws li hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab cellulose molecules yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 1000-1500 nm, thiab q yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 0.01-0.1 Å-1, nrog qR >> 1. Raws li cov Porod formula, cov qauv polysaccharide zaj duab xis tuaj yeem pom Kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub kaum sab xis me me X-ray tawg siv thiab lub kaum sab xis tawg yog:

Ntawm no, kuv (q) yog qhov me me-lub kaum sab xis X-ray tawg ntho siv;

q yog lub kaum sab xis tawg;

α yog Porod nqes hav.

Porod txoj kab nqes α muaj feem xyuam nrog cov qauv fractal. Yog tias α < 3, nws qhia tau hais tias cov khoom siv yog xoob, qhov saum npoo ntawm qhov tawg yog du, thiab nws yog fractal loj, thiab nws qhov fractal dimension D = α; Yog hais tias 3 < α <4, nws qhia tau hais tias cov khoom qauv yog ntom thiab lub scatterer yog cov nto yog ntxhib, uas yog ib tug nto fractal, thiab nws fractal dimension D = 6 - α.

Daim duab 6-2 qhia txog lnI(q)-lnq cov phiaj xwm ntawm HPMC/HPS cov khoom sib xyaw nrog cov qib sib txawv ntawm HPS hydroxypropyl hloov pauv. Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab uas txhua tus qauv nthuav tawm tus kheej zoo ib yam ntawm cov qauv fractal nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib txawv, thiab Porod slope α tsawg dua 3, qhia tias cov zaj duab xis sib xyaw nthuav tawm cov fractal loj, thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov zaj duab xis sib xyaw yog qhov sib txawv. du. Qhov loj fractal qhov ntev ntawm HPMC / HPS cov khoom sib xyaw nrog cov qib sib txawv ntawm HPS hydroxypropyl hloov pauv tau qhia hauv Table 6-1.

Table 6-1 qhia qhov fractal dimension ntawm HPMC/HPS puas daim nyias nyias nrog ntau qib ntawm HPS hydroxypropyl hloov. Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm cov lus hais tias rau cov qauv HPS ntshiab, qhov fractal dimension ntawm A939 hloov nrog qis hydroxypropyl ntau dua li ntawm A1081 hloov nrog siab hydroxypropyl, uas qhia tau hais tias nrog kev nce qib ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov pauv, hauv daim nyias nyias. Qhov ntom ntawm tus kheej zoo sib xws yog txo qis. Qhov no yog vim hais tias kev taw qhia ntawm hydroxypropyl pawg ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab molecular saw ho cuam tshuam kev sib koom ua ke ntawm HPS ntu, ua rau txo qis ntawm qhov ntom ntawm tus kheej zoo sib xws hauv zaj duab xis. Hydrophilic hydroxypropyl pawg tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom sib txuas ntawm cov hydrogen nrog cov dej molecules, txo cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntu molecular; Cov pawg hydroxypropyl loj dua txwv qhov kev sib txuas ua ke thiab kev sib txuas ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab molecular, yog li nrog qhov nce qib ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov pauv, HPS tsim cov qauv zoo ib yam ntawm nws tus kheej.

Rau HPMC / A939 compound system, qhov fractal dimension ntawm HPS yog siab dua li ntawm HPMC, uas yog vim hais tias cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab recrystallizes, thiab ib tug ntau txiav txim qauv yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub molecular chains, uas ua rau nws tus kheej-zoo li hauv daim nyias nyias. . High ceev. Lub fractal dimension ntawm cov qauv sib xyaw yog qis dua li ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus ntshiab, vim tias los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke, kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov molecular ntu ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus yog cuam tshuam los ntawm ib leeg, ua rau qhov ntom ntawm tus kheej zoo sib xws cov qauv txo qis. Hauv qhov sib piv, hauv HPMC / A1081 compound system, qhov fractal dimension ntawm HPS yog qis dua li ntawm HPMC. Qhov no yog vim hais tias kev taw qhia ntawm hydroxypropyl pawg nyob rau hauv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab molecules ho inhibits recrystallization ntawm starch. Cov qauv ntawm tus kheej zoo sib xws hauv cov ntoo yog ntau-xoo. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov fractal dimension ntawm HPMC / A1081 compound qauv yog siab dua li ntawm HPS ntshiab, uas kuj tseem txawv ntawm HPMC / A939 compound system. Cov qauv zoo ib yam ntawm tus kheej, cov saw zoo li HPMC cov molecules tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv kab noj hniav ntawm nws cov qauv xoob, yog li txhim kho qhov ntom ntom ntawm tus kheej zoo sib xws ntawm HPS, uas kuj qhia tau tias HPS nrog hydroxypropyl hloov siab tuaj yeem tsim ib qho kev sib txuam ntau dua tom qab sib xyaw. nrog HPMC. cov khoom xyaw. Los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov khoom rheological, nws tuaj yeem pom tias hydroxypropylation tuaj yeem txo cov viscosity ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, yog li thaum lub sij hawm kev sib xyaw ua ke, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov viscosity ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus hauv cov txheej txheem sib xyaw yog txo, uas yog qhov zoo dua rau kev tsim cov homogeneous. compound.

Daim duab 6-2 lnI(q)-lnq qauv thiab nws haum nkhaus rau HPMC/HPS muab cov yeeb yaj kiab nrog ntau yam hydroxypropyl hloov qib ntawm HPS

Table 6-1 Fractal qauv tsis ntawm HPS / HPMC muab cov yeeb yaj kiab nrog ntau yam hydroxypropyl hloov qib ntawm HPS

Rau cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw nrog tib qhov sib xyaw ua ke, qhov fractal dimension kuj txo qis nrog kev nce qib ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm pawg hydroxypropyl. Kev taw qhia ntawm hydroxypropyl rau hauv HPS molecule tuaj yeem txo qhov kev sib koom ua ke ntawm polymer ntu hauv cov txheej txheem sib xyaw, yog li txo qhov ntom ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw; HPS nrog siab hydroxypropyl hloov pauv tau zoo sib xws nrog HPMC, Yooj yim rau kev sib xyaw thiab ntom ntom. Yog li ntawd, qhov ntom ntawm tus kheej zoo sib xws hauv cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke txo qis nrog kev nce qib ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm HPS, uas yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev hloov qib ntawm HPS hydroxypropyl thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus hauv cov khoom sib xyaw. qhov system.

6.3.3 Thermal stability tsom xam ntawm HPMC/HPS composite films nrog txawv HPS hydroxypropyl hloov degrees

Thermogravimetric analyzer tau siv los ntsuas qhov thermal stability ntawm HPMC / HPS cov khoom siv tau zoo nrog cov qib sib txawv ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov pauv. Daim duab 6-3 qhia tau hais tias cov thermogravimetric nkhaus (TGA) thiab nws qhov hnyav poob tus nqi nkhaus (DTG) ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw nrog ntau qib ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov HPS. Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm TGA nkhaus hauv daim duab 6-3(a) uas cov qauv sib xyaw ua ke nrog HPS hydroxypropyl hloov pauv qib sib txawv. Muaj ob qhov pom tseeb qhov hloov pauv thermogravimetric theem nrog qhov nce ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Ua ntej, muaj qhov poob qis me me ntawm 30 ~ 180 ° C, uas feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov dej tsis muaj zog adsorbed los ntawm polysaccharide macromolecule. Muaj qhov hnyav poob ntawm 300 ~ 450 ° C, uas yog lub sijhawm thermal degradation tiag tiag, feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm thermal degradation ntawm HPMC thiab HPS. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab tias qhov poob phaus nkhaus ntawm HPS nrog cov qib sib txawv ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov pauv zoo sib xws thiab sib txawv ntawm HPMC. Nruab nrab ntawm ob hom kev poob phaus nkhaus rau cov ntshiab HPMC thiab cov qauv HPS ntshiab.

Los ntawm DTG nkhaus hauv daim duab 6-3(b), nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias cov thermal degradation kub ntawm cov ntshiab HPS nrog cov degrees sib txawv ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov yog ze heev, thiab cov thermal degradation ncov kub ntawm A939 thiab A081 qauv yog 310 ° C. thiab 305 ° C, ntsig txog Lub thermal degradation ncov kub ntawm cov qauv HPMC ntshiab yog qhov siab dua li ntawm HPS, thiab nws qhov kub siab tshaj plaws yog 365 ° C; HPMC/HPS puas zaj duab xis muaj ob lub thermal degradation peaks ntawm DTG nkhaus, sib xws rau thermal degradation ntawm HPS thiab HPMC, feem. Cov yam ntxwv peaks, uas qhia tau hais tias muaj qee qhov theem ntawm kev sib cais hauv cov txheej txheem sib xyaw nrog qhov sib piv ntawm 5: 5, uas zoo ib yam nrog cov txiaj ntsig thermal degradation ntawm cov zaj duab xis sib xyaw nrog qhov sib piv ntawm 5: 5 hauv Tshooj 3. . Lub thermal degradation ncov kub ntawm HPMC / A1081 cov qauv duab sib xyaw yog 306 ° C thiab 363 ° C, feem. Qhov kub siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov qauv sib xyaw zaj duab xis tau hloov mus rau qhov kub qis dua li cov qauv piv txwv ntshiab, uas qhia tau tias qhov thermal stability ntawm cov qauv sib xyaw raug txo. Rau cov qauv nrog tib lub compounding piv, lub thermal degradation ncov kub poob nrog qhov nce ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov degree, qhia tias thermal stability ntawm cov zaj duab xis sib xyaw poob nrog qhov nce ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov degree. Qhov no yog vim hais tias cov kev taw qhia ntawm hydroxypropyl pawg mus rau hauv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab molecules txo cov kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm molecular ntu thiab inhibits lub orderly rearrangement ntawm molecules. Nws zoo ib yam nrog cov txiaj ntsig uas qhov ceev ntawm tus kheej zoo sib xws cov qauv txo qis nrog qhov nce qib ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov pauv.

Daim duab 6-3 TGA nkhaus (a) thiab lawv cov derivative (DTG) nkhaus (b) ntawm HPMC/HPS muab cov yeeb yaj kiab nrog ntau yam hydroxypropyl hloov qib ntawm HPS

6.3.4 Mechanical properties analysis of HPMC/HPS composite membranes with txawv HPS hydroxypropyl hloov qib

Daim duab 6-5 Tensile zog ntawm HPMC/HPS zaj duab xis nrog ntau yam hydroxypropyl hloov qib ntawm HPS

Lub zog tensile ntawm HPMC / HPS cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw nrog HPS hydroxypropyl hloov pauv qib sib txawv tau raug kuaj los ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab yeej ntsuas ntawm 25 ° C thiab 75% txheeb ze av noo. Daim duab 6-5 qhia cov elastic modulus (a), elongation ntawm so (b) thiab tensile lub zog (c) ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw nrog ntau qib ntawm HPS hydroxypropyl hloov pauv. Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab uas rau HPMC / A1081 compound system, nrog kev nce ntawm HPS cov ntsiab lus, elastic modulus thiab tensile lub zog ntawm cov zaj duab xis sib xyaw maj mam txo qis, thiab elongation ntawm kev tawg tau nce ntau, uas yog raws li 3.3. 5 nruab nrab thiab high humidity. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw nrog cov sib xyaw sib txawv sib txawv tau zoo ib yam.

Rau cov ntshiab HPS daim nyias nyias, ob qho tib si elastic modulus thiab tensile lub zog tau nce nrog txo HPS hydroxypropyl hloov qib, qhia tias hydroxypropylation txo qhov tawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw thiab txhim kho nws yooj yim. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim hais tias nrog kev nce qib ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov pauv, qhov hydrophilicity ntawm HPS nce, thiab cov qauv ntawm daim nyias nyias ua ntau dua, uas zoo ib yam nrog qhov tshwm sim uas qhov fractal dimension txo qis nrog kev nce qib ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv lub kaum sab xis me me X- hluav taws xob scattering test. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov elongation ntawm kev tawg yuav txo qis nrog qhov txo qis ntawm qhov hloov pauv ntawm HPS hydroxypropyl pawg, uas yog vim li cas qhov kev taw qhia ntawm hydroxypropyl pawg rau hauv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab recrystallization. Cov txiaj ntsig tau zoo ib yam nrog qhov nce thiab txo qis.

Rau HPMC / HPS cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw nrog tib qhov sib piv, qhov elastic modulus ntawm cov khoom siv membrane nce nrog qhov txo qis ntawm HPS hydroxypropyl hloov pauv qib, thiab lub zog tensile thiab elongation ntawm kev tawg ob qho tib si nrog qhov txo qis ntawm kev hloov qib. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke sib txawv kiag li nrog qhov sib xyaw ua ke nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm HPS hydroxypropyl hloov pauv. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim hais tias cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke tsis tsuas yog cuam tshuam los ntawm HPS hloov pauv qib ntawm daim nyias nyias, tab sis kuj los ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov khoom hauv cov txheej txheem sib xyaw. Lub viscosity ntawm HPS txo qis nrog kev nce qib ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov pauv, nws yog qhov zoo dua los tsim ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke los ntawm kev sib xyaw.

6.3.5 Oxygen permeability tsom xam ntawm HPMC / HPS cov khoom sib xyaw nrog HPS hydroxypropyl hloov pauv qib

Oxidation tshwm sim los ntawm cov pa oxygen yog thawj theem ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev ua rau cov zaub mov tsis zoo, yog li cov khoom noj khoom haus sib xyaw nrog cov khoom siv oxygen tuaj yeem txhim kho cov zaub mov zoo thiab ua kom lub neej ntev ntawm cov khoom noj [108, 364]. Yog li ntawd, cov pa oxygen kis ntawm HPMC / HPS cov khoom sib xyaw nrog HPS hydroxypropyl hloov pauv qib sib txawv tau ntsuas, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau pom hauv daim duab 5-6. Nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab tias cov pa oxygen permeability ntawm tag nrho cov HPS daim nyias nyias yog qis dua li ntawm cov ntshiab HPMC daim nyias nyias, qhia tau hais tias HPS daim nyias nyias muaj cov pa oxygen zoo dua li HPMC daim nyias nyias, uas zoo ib yam nrog cov txiaj ntsig yav dhau los. Rau cov ntshiab HPS daim nyias nyias nrog cov qib sib txawv ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov pauv, cov pa oxygen kis tau nce ntxiv nrog kev nce qib ntawm kev hloov pauv, uas qhia tau tias thaj chaw uas oxygen permeates hauv cov khoom siv membrane nce. Qhov no yog ua raws li kev soj ntsuam microstructure ntawm lub kaum sab xis me me X-ray tawg uas cov qauv ntawm daim nyias nyias yuav xoob nrog qhov nce qib ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov pauv, yog li permeation channel ntawm oxygen hauv daim nyias nyias yuav loj dua, thiab cov pa oxygen hauv daim nyias nyias. permeates Raws li cheeb tsam nce, cov pa oxygen kis tau los kuj nce zuj zus.

Daim duab 6-6 Oxygen permeability ntawm HPS/HPMC films nrog ntau yam hydroxypropyl hloov qib ntawm HPS

Rau cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw nrog HPS hydroxypropyl hloov pauv qib sib txawv, cov pa oxygen xa mus tau qis dua nrog kev nce qib ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov pauv. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim hais tias nyob rau hauv 5: 5 compounding system, HPS muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm dispersed theem nyob rau hauv lub low-viscosity HPMC nruam theem, thiab lub viscosity ntawm HPS txo nrog rau qhov nce ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov degree. Qhov me dua qhov sib txawv ntawm cov viscosity, ntau qhov tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov homogeneous compound, qhov ntau tortuous cov pa permeation channel hauv cov khoom siv membrane, thiab qhov me me ntawm cov pa xa mus.

6.4 Tshooj Summary

Hauv tshooj no, HPMC/HPS cov yeeb yaj kiab uas tuaj yeem ua tau tau npaj los ntawm casting HPS thiab HPMC nrog ntau qib ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov pauv, thiab ntxiv polyethylene glycol ua cov yas yas. Cov nyhuv ntawm HPS hydroxypropyl hloov pauv qib sib txawv ntawm cov qauv siv lead ua thiab cov qauv microdomain ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw tau kawm los ntawm synchrotron hluav taws xob me me-lub kaum X-ray scattering technology. Cov teebmeem ntawm HPS hydroxypropyl hloov pauv qib sib txawv ntawm thermal stability, mechanical zog thiab oxygen permeability ntawm composite daim nyias nyias thiab lawv cov cai tau kawm los ntawm thermogravimetric analyzer, mechanical property tester thiab oxygen permeability tester. Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb yog raws li hauv qab no:

1. Rau HPMC / HPS cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw nrog tib qhov sib xyaw ua ke, nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov pauv, thaj tsam crystallization ncov sib haum rau HPS ntawm 5.30 txo qis, thaum lub crystallization ncov cheeb tsam sib raug rau HPMC ntawm 7.70 tsis hloov ntau, qhia tau hais tias lub hydroxypropylation ntawm starch tuaj yeem inhibit qhov recrystallization ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hauv cov zaj duab xis sib xyaw.
2. Piv nrog rau cov ntshiab tivthaiv daim nyias nyias ntawm HPMC thiab HPS, qhov crystallization ncov cheeb tsam ntawm HPS (5.30) thiab HPMC (7.70) ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw yog txo, uas qhia tau hais tias los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm ob, HPMC thiab HPS tuaj yeem ua tau zoo hauv cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw. Lub recrystallization ntawm lwm yam khoom ua si ib lub luag hauj lwm inhibitory.
3. Tag nrho cov HPMC/HPS cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw tau pom nws tus kheej zoo ib yam li cov qauv fractal. Rau cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw nrog tib qhov sib piv, qhov ntom ntawm cov khoom siv membrane txo qis nrog kev nce qib ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov pauv; Tsawg HPS hydroxypropyl hloov pauv Qhov ceev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw ua ke yog qhov qis dua li ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus ntshiab, thaum qhov ntom ntom ntawm cov khoom siv membrane nrog siab HPS hydroxypropyl hloov pauv qib siab dua li ntawm cov ntshiab HPS membrane, uas yog Feem ntau vim tias qhov ntom ntawm cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke cuam tshuam rau tib lub sijhawm. Cov nyhuv ntawm HPS hydroxypropylation ntawm kev txo qis ntawm polymer ntu khi thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov kab ke sib xyaw.
4. Hydroxypropylation ntawm HPS tuaj yeem txo cov thermal stability ntawm HPMC / HPS cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw, thiab cov thermal degradation ncov kub ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw ua haujlwm hloov mus rau thaj tsam qis nrog qhov nce ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov qib, uas yog vim tias pawg hydroxypropyl hauv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab. Kev taw qhia txo qis kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntu molecular thiab inhibits qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov molecules.
5. Lub elastic modulus thiab tensile lub zog ntawm ntshiab HPS membrane poob nrog qhov nce ntawm HPS hydroxypropyl hloov degree, thaum lub elongation ntawm tawg nce. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim hydroxypropylation inhibits recrystallization ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab ua rau cov zaj duab xis sib xyaw ua cov qauv xoob.
6. Lub elastic modulus ntawm HPMC / HPS puas zaj duab xis poob nrog qhov nce ntawm HPS hydroxypropyl hloov pauv qib, tab sis lub zog tensile thiab elongation ntawm tawg tau nce, vim hais tias cov khoom siv ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm HPS hydroxypropyl hloov qib. Ntxiv nrog rau kev cuam tshuam ntawm, nws kuj tseem cuam tshuam los ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub compound system.
7. Cov pa oxygen permeability ntawm ntshiab HPS nce nrog kev nce qib ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov pauv, vim hydroxypropylation txo qhov ntom ntawm HPS amorphous cheeb tsam thiab ua rau thaj tsam ntawm oxygen permeation hauv daim nyias nyias; HPMC/HPS composite membrane Cov pa permeability txo nrog qhov nce ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov degree, uas yog vim hais tias cov hyperhydroxypropylated HPS muaj zoo compatibility nrog HPMC, uas ua rau kom muaj zog tortuosity ntawm cov pa permeation channel nyob rau hauv lub composite membrane. Txo oxygen permeability.

Cov txiaj ntsig kev sim saum toj no qhia tau hais tias cov khoom siv macroscopic xws li cov khoom siv kho tshuab, thermal stability thiab oxygen permeability ntawm HPMC / HPS puas daim nyias nyias muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog lawv cov qauv crystalline thiab amorphous cheeb tsam, uas tsis yog tsuas yog cuam tshuam los ntawm HPS hydroxypropyl hloov pauv, tab sis kuj los ntawm lub complex. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus compatibility ntawm ligand systems.

Xaus thiab Outlook

1. Xaus

Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, lub thermal gel HPMC thiab lub txias gel HPS yog compounded, thiab lub HPMC / HPS txias thiab kub rov qab gel compound system yog tsim. Cov tshuaj concentration, compounding ratio thiab shearing nyhuv ntawm lub compound system yog systematically kawm cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm rheological zog xws li viscosity, txaus index thiab thixotropy, ua ke nrog cov neeg kho tshuab zog, dynamic thermomechanical zog, oxygen permeability, lub teeb kis tau tus mob zog thiab thermal stability. composite films npaj los ntawm txoj kev casting. Cov khoom zoo, thiab iodine wine dyeing lub compatibility, theem kev hloov pauv thiab theem morphology ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw tau kawm los ntawm kev kho qhov muag microscopy, thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm microstructure thiab macroscopic zog ntawm HPMC / HPS tau tsim. Txhawm rau tswj cov khoom ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw los ntawm kev tswj cov theem qauv thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm HPMC / HPS kev sib xyaw ua ke raws li kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov khoom macroscopic thiab cov qauv micromorphological ntawm HPMC / HPS composite system. Los ntawm kev kawm txog cov teebmeem ntawm HPS hloov kho nrog cov qib sib txawv ntawm cov khoom rheological, gel zog, microstructure thiab macroscopic zog ntawm daim nyias nyias, kev sib raug zoo ntawm microstructure thiab macroscopic zog ntawm HPMC / HPS txias thiab kub inverse gel system tau tshawb xyuas ntxiv. Qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob, thiab tus qauv ntawm lub cev tau tsim los qhia meej txog cov txheej txheem gelation thiab nws cov kev cuam tshuam thiab cov cai ntawm qhov txias thiab kub gel hauv cov txheej txheem sib xyaw. Cov kev tshawb fawb cuam tshuam tau kos cov lus xaus hauv qab no.

1. Hloov cov compounding piv ntawm HPMC / HPS compound system tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom rheological xws li viscosity, fluidity thiab thixotropy ntawm HPMC ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm rheological zog thiab microstructure ntawm lub compound system tau kawm ntxiv. Cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb yog raws li hauv qab no:

(1) Thaum qhov kub thiab txias, cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke yog theem txuas ntxiv-kev sib cais "hiav txwv-kob" qauv, thiab kev hloov pauv tsis tu ncua tshwm sim ntawm 4: 6 nrog qhov txo qis ntawm HPMC / HPS compound ratio. Thaum qhov sib xyaw ua ke yog siab (ntau dua HPMC cov ntsiab lus), HPMC nrog cov viscosity tsawg yog cov theem txuas ntxiv, thiab HPS yog theem tawg. Rau HPMC / HPS compound system, thaum qhov qis-viscosity tivthaiv yog cov theem txuas ntxiv thiab cov viscosity siab yog qhov txuas mus ntxiv, qhov kev koom tes ntawm cov theem viscosity mus rau qhov viscosity ntawm lub compound system yog sib txawv heev. Thaum cov viscosity tsawg HPMC yog cov theem tas mus li, lub viscosity ntawm lub compound system feem ntau qhia txog kev koom tes ntawm cov viscosity tsis tu ncua; Thaum lub high-viscosity HPS yog lub nruam theem, lub HPMC raws li lub dispersed theem yuav txo cov viscosity ntawm high-viscosity HPS. nyhuv. Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm HPS cov ntsiab lus thiab cov tshuaj concentration nyob rau hauv lub compound system, lub viscosity thiab shear thinning tshwm sim ntawm lub compound system maj mam nce, lub fluidity poob, thiab cov khoom zoo li tus cwj pwm ntawm cov compound system tau txhim kho. Lub viscosity thiab thixotropy ntawm HPMC yog sib npaug los ntawm kev tsim nrog HPS.

(2) Rau 5: 5 compounding system, HPMC thiab HPS tuaj yeem tsim cov theem txuas ntxiv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, feem. Cov qauv no hloov pauv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov viscosity complex, viscoelastic zog, zaus dependence thiab gel zog ntawm complex gel. Raws li cov theem sib txawv, HPMC thiab HPS tuaj yeem txiav txim siab cov khoom siv rheological thiab cov khoom siv gel ntawm HPMC / HPS cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ntawm qhov kub thiab qis, raws li. Cov viscoelastic nkhaus ntawm HPMC/HPS cov qauv sib xyaw ua ke tau zoo ib yam nrog HPS ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm HPMC.

(3) Kev sib raug zoo ntawm microstructure, rheological zog thiab gel cov khoom ntawm HPMC / HPS composite system tau tsim. Ob qho kev hloov pauv sai sai ntawm qhov viscosity nkhaus ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw thiab cov tan delta ncov hauv qhov poob qhov nkhaus tshwm sim ntawm 45 ° C, uas yog zoo ib yam nrog cov xwm txheej tsis tu ncua uas tau pom hauv micrograph (ntawm 45 ° C).

1. Los ntawm kev kawm cov microstructure thiab mechanical zog, dynamic thermomechanical zog, lub teeb transmittance, oxygen permeability thiab thermal stability ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw npaj nyob rau hauv sib txawv compounding ratios thiab tov concentrations, ua ke nrog iodine dyeing optical microscopy technology, kev tshawb fawb theem morphology, theem hloov thiab compatibility ntawm cov complexes tau tshawb xyuas, thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm microstructure thiab macroscopic zog ntawm cov complexes tau tsim. Cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb yog raws li hauv qab no:

(1) Tsis muaj qhov pom tseeb ob-theem interface hauv SEM cov duab ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw nrog cov sib txawv sib txawv. Feem ntau ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw tsuas muaj ib qho kev hloov pauv iav hauv DMA cov txiaj ntsig, thiab feem ntau ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw tsuas muaj ib qho thermal degradation ncov hauv DTG nkhaus. Cov no ua ke qhia tias HPMC muaj qee qhov kev sib raug zoo nrog HPS.

(2) Cov av noo txheeb ze muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm HPMC / HPS cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw, thiab qib ntawm nws cov nyhuv nce ntxiv nrog rau qhov nce ntawm HPS cov ntsiab lus. Thaum qis tus txheeb ze cov av noo, ob qho tib si elastic modulus thiab tensile lub zog ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw tau nce nrog qhov nce ntawm HPS cov ntsiab lus, thiab qhov elongation ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw tau qis dua li ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab ntshiab. Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm cov txheeb ze av noo, elastic modulus thiab tensile lub zog ntawm cov zaj duab xis composite poob, thiab elongation ntawm tawg tau nce, thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm txhua yam khoom ntawm cov zaj duab xis composite thiab cov compounding ratio pom ib tug kiag li opposite hloov qauv nyob rau hauv txawv txawv. txheeb ze av. Cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom siv sib xyaw nrog cov sib xyaw sib xyaw ua ke qhia kev sib tshuam hauv cov txheeb ze sib txawv, uas muaj peev xwm ua kom zoo dua cov khoom lag luam raws li kev thov sib txawv.

(3) Kev sib raug zoo ntawm microstructure, theem hloov pauv, pob tshab thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm HPMC / HPS kev sib xyaw ua ke tau tsim. a. Qhov qis tshaj ntawm cov pob tshab ntawm qhov sib xyaw ua ke yog ua raws li theem kev hloov pauv ntawm HPMC los ntawm cov theem txuas ntxiv mus rau theem dispersed thiab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm qhov txo qis ntawm tensile modulus. b. Cov Young's modulus thiab elongation ntawm kev tawg txo nrog qhov nce ntawm cov tshuaj concentration, uas yog vim li cas muaj feem xyuam rau kev hloov morphological ntawm HPMC los ntawm cov theem tas mus li mus rau theem dispersed nyob rau hauv lub compound system.

(4) Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm HPS ua rau kom lub tortuosity ntawm cov pa permeation channel nyob rau hauv lub composite membrane, txo cov pa permeability ntawm daim nyias nyias, thiab txhim kho cov pa barrier kev ua tau zoo ntawm HPMC membrane.

1. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm HPS tshuaj hloov kho ntawm cov khoom rheological ntawm cov kab ke sib xyaw thiab cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke xws li cov qauv siv lead ua, cov qauv hauv cheeb tsam amorphous, cov khoom siv kho tshuab, oxygen permeability thiab thermal stability tau kawm. Cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb yog raws li hauv qab no:

(1) Lub hydroxypropylation ntawm HPS tuaj yeem txo qhov viscosity ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, txhim kho cov kua dej ntawm cov tshuaj sib xyaw, thiab txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm shear thinning; Lub hydroxypropylation ntawm HPS tuaj yeem nqaim qhov linear viscoelastic cheeb tsam ntawm cov kab ke sib txuas, txo cov theem hloov pauv ntawm HPMC / HPS compound system, thiab txhim kho cov khoom zoo li tus cwj pwm ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm qhov kub.

(2) Lub hydroxypropylation ntawm HPS thiab kev txhim kho ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob lub Cheebtsam tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov recrystallization ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hauv daim nyias nyias, thiab txhawb kev tsim cov qauv ntawm tus kheej zoo sib xws hauv cov khoom sib xyaw. Kev taw qhia ntawm cov pawg hydroxypropyl loj ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab molecular saw txwv txoj kev sib koom ua ke thiab kev sib hloov ntawm HPS molecular ntu, uas ua rau muaj kev tsim cov qauv ntawm tus kheej zoo sib xws ntawm HPS. Rau cov txheej txheem nyuaj, kev nce qib ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov pauv tso cai rau cov saw zoo li HPMC cov molecules nkag mus rau hauv cov kab noj hniav xoob ntawm HPS, uas txhim kho kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem nyuaj thiab txhim kho qhov ntom ntom ntawm tus kheej zoo ib yam ntawm HPS. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke nce nrog kev nce qib ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm pawg hydroxypropyl, uas zoo ib yam nrog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm rheological zog.

(3) Cov khoom siv macroscopic xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thermal stability thiab oxygen permeability ntawm HPMC / HPS cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw zoo sib xws nrog nws cov qauv crystalline thiab cov qauv hauv cheeb tsam amorphous. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ob qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus.

1. Los ntawm kev kawm txog cov teebmeem ntawm kev daws teeb meem, qhov kub thiab txias thiab tshuaj hloov kho ntawm HPS ntawm cov khoom siv rheological ntawm cov kab ke, cov txheej txheem gelation ntawm HPMC / HPS txias-kub inverse gel compound system tau tham. Cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb yog raws li hauv qab no:

(1) Muaj qhov tseem ceeb concentration (8%) hauv cov txheej txheem sib xyaw, qis dua qhov tseem ceeb, HPMC thiab HPS muaj nyob rau hauv kev ywj pheej molecular chains thiab theem cheeb tsam; Thaum qhov tseem ceeb concentration yog mus txog, lub HPS theem yog tsim nyob rau hauv kev daws raws li ib tug condensate. Lub chaw gel yog cov qauv microgel txuas los ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm HPMC molecular chains; saum toj no qhov tseem ceeb concentration, qhov intertwining yog complex thiab kev sib cuam tshuam muaj zog, thiab cov tshuaj qhia ib tug cwj pwm zoo li cov polymer yaj.

(2) Cov txheej txheem nyuaj muaj qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov theem txuas ntxiv nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, uas cuam tshuam nrog gel cwj pwm ntawm HPMC thiab HPS hauv cov txheej txheem nyuaj. Ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, qhov viscosity ntawm HPMC yog qhov qis dua li ntawm HPS, yog li HPMC tsim cov theem txuas ntxiv nyob ib puag ncig lub siab-viscosity HPS gel theem. Ntawm cov npoo ntawm ob theem, cov pab pawg hydroxyl ntawm HPMC cov saw hlau poob ib feem ntawm lawv cov dej khi thiab tsim cov khoom sib txuas nrog hydrogen bonds nrog HPS molecular saw. Thaum lub sij hawm ua cua sov, HPS molecular chains tsiv vim absorbing txaus lub zog thiab tsim hydrogen bonds nrog dej molecules, uas ua rau lub rupture ntawm lub gel qauv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov dej-txheej thiab dej-plhaub cov qauv ntawm HPMC chains raug rhuav tshem, thiab maj mam tawg kom nthuav tawm cov pab pawg hydrophilic thiab pawg hydrophobic. Thaum qhov kub thiab txias, HPMC tsim ib lub gel network qauv vim yog intermolecular hydrogen bonds thiab hydrophobic koom haum, thiab yog li ua ib tug high-viscosity dispersed theem dispersed nyob rau hauv lub HPS tas mus li theem ntawm random coils.

(3) Nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov pauv qib ntawm HPS, kev sib raug zoo ntawm HPMC / HPS cov kab ke txhim kho, thiab theem hloov pauv kub hauv qhov sib xyaw ua ke txav mus rau qhov kub tsawg. Nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm hydroxypropyl hloov pauv, muaj ntau qhov kev sib tw helical feem hauv HPS cov tshuaj, uas tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke hydrogen ntau dua nrog HPMC cov saw hlau molecular ntawm tus ciam teb ntawm ob theem, yog li tsim cov qauv ntau dua. Hydroxypropylation txo cov viscosity ntawm starch, kom qhov viscosity sib txawv ntawm HPMC thiab HPS nyob rau hauv lub compound yog nqaim, uas yog conducive rau tsim ib tug ntau homogeneous compound, thiab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tus nqi ntawm viscosity sib txawv ntawm ob lub Cheebtsam txav mus rau qhov tsawg. cheeb tsam kub.

2. Cov ntsiab lus tshiab

1. Tsim thiab tsim lub HPMC/HPS txias thiab kub reversed-theem gel compound system, thiab systematically kawm lub cim rheological zog ntawm no system, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov concentration ntawm compound tov, compound ratio, kub thiab tshuaj hloov kho ntawm cov khoom. Cov kev cai ntawm cov rheological zog, gel zog thiab compatibility ntawm lub compound system tau kawm ntxiv, thiab cov theem morphology thiab theem hloov ntawm lub compound system tau kawm ntxiv ua ke nrog kev soj ntsuam ntawm iodine dyeing optical microscope, thiab micro-morphological. Cov qauv ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw tau tsim - Rheological zog-gel zog kev sib raug zoo. Thawj thawj zaug, tus qauv Arrhenius tau siv los ua kom haum cov gel tsim txoj cai ntawm qhov txias thiab kub hloov pauv-theem sib xyaw gels hauv qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.

2. Cov theem kev faib tawm, theem kev hloov pauv thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm HPMC / HPS kev sib xyaw ua ke tau pom los ntawm iodine dyeing optical microscope tsom xam tshuab, thiab cov khoom pob tshab-mechanical tau tsim los ntawm kev sib txuas cov khoom siv kho qhov muag thiab cov khoom siv ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab sib xyaw. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm microstructure thiab macroscopic zog xws li cov khoom-theem morphology thiab concentration-mechanical zog-theem morphology. Nws yog thawj zaug los saib xyuas txoj cai hloov pauv ntawm theem morphology ntawm qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke no nrog kev sib xyaw ua ke, qhov kub thiab txias, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov xwm txheej ntawm theem kev hloov pauv thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm theem kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov kab ke.

3. Cov qauv crystalline thiab amorphous qauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw nrog cov HPS hydroxypropyl hloov pauv qib tau kawm los ntawm SAXS, thiab cov txheej txheem gelation thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov gels sib xyaw tau sib tham ua ke nrog cov txiaj ntsig rheological thiab macroscopic zog xws li oxygen permeability ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw. Cov xwm txheej thiab kev cai lij choj, nws tau pom thawj zaug tias qhov viscosity ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog qhov ntom ntom ntawm tus kheej zoo sib xws hauv cov khoom sib xyaw, thiab ncaj qha txiav txim siab cov khoom macroscopic xws li oxygen permeability thiab txhua yam khoom ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw. membrane, thiab tsim rheological zog-microstructure-membrane kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov khoom siv.

3. Outlook

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, kev txhim kho cov khoom ntim khoom noj muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab noj tau siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv dua tshiab raws li cov ntaub ntawv raw tau dhau los ua qhov kev tshawb fawb hotspot hauv kev ntim khoom noj. Hauv daim ntawv no, ntuj polysaccharide yog siv los ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb. Los ntawm kev sib xyaw HPMC thiab HPS, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv raw yog txo, kev ua haujlwm ntawm HPMC ntawm qhov kub thiab txias tau raug txhim kho, thiab cov pa oxygen barrier kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw yog txhim kho. Los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm rheological tsom xam, iodine dyeing optical microscope tsom xam thiab cov zaj duab xis microstructure thiab cov kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws, cov theem morphology, theem kev hloov, theem sib cais thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov txias-kub rov qab-theem gel composite system tau kawm. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm microstructure thiab macroscopic zog ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw tau tsim. Raws li kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov khoom macroscopic thiab cov qauv micromorphological ntawm HPMC / HPS cov txheej txheem sib xyaw, cov qauv txheej txheem thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw tuaj yeem tswj tau los tswj cov khoom sib xyaw. Cov kev tshawb fawb hauv daim ntawv no muaj cov lus qhia tseem ceeb rau kev tsim khoom tiag tiag; Cov txheej txheem tsim, cuam tshuam rau cov xwm txheej thiab cov cai ntawm cov khaub thuas thiab kub inverse composite gels tau tham txog, uas yog ib qho zoo sib xws ntawm cov khoom txias thiab kub inverse gels. Kev tshawb fawb ntawm daim ntawv no muab cov qauv theoretical los muab cov kev taw qhia theoretical rau kev txhim kho thiab kev siv cov khoom siv ntse tshwj xeeb ntsuas kub. Cov txiaj ntsig kev tshawb fawb ntawm daim ntawv no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo theoretical. Kev tshawb fawb ntawm daim ntawv no suav nrog kev sib tshuam ntawm cov khoom noj, khoom siv, gel thiab compounding thiab lwm yam kev qhuab qhia. Vim muaj kev txwv ntawm lub sij hawm thiab txoj kev tshawb fawb, kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov ncauj lus no tseem muaj ntau cov ntsiab lus tsis tiav, uas tuaj yeem ua kom tob thiab txhim kho los ntawm cov hauv qab no. nthuav dav:

Theoretical yam:

1. Txhawm rau tshawb xyuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov saw hlau sib txawv, qhov hnyav molecular thiab ntau yam ntawm HPS ntawm cov khoom siv rheological, cov khoom siv membrane, theem morphology, thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kab ke sib txuas, thiab tshawb nrhiav txoj cai ntawm nws cov cawv ntawm lub gel tsim mechanism ntawm lub compound. qhov system.
2. Tshawb xyuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm HPMC hydroxypropyl hloov pauv qib, methoxyl hloov pauv qib, qhov hnyav ntawm molecular thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv rheological, cov khoom siv gel, cov khoom siv membrane thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kab ke sib xyaw, thiab tshuaj xyuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm HPMC tshuaj hloov kho ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw. Kev cuam tshuam txoj cai ntawm gel tsim mechanism.
3. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm ntsev, pH, plasticizer, cross-linking agent, antibacterial agent and other compound systems on rheological properties, gel properties, membrane structure and properties and their laws raug kawm.

Daim ntawv thov:

1. Ua kom zoo dua cov qauv rau kev ntim cov ntawv ntim cov khoom ntim, cov ntim zaub thiab cov kua zaub, thiab kawm txog kev khaws cia ntawm seasonings, zaub thiab kua zaub thaum lub sij hawm cia, cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom, thiab cov kev hloov ntawm cov khoom ua tau zoo thaum raug rau sab nraud quab yuam. , thiab dej solubility thiab huv si index ntawm cov khoom. Nws tseem tuaj yeem siv rau cov khoom noj granulated xws li kas fes thiab mis nyuj tshuaj yej, nrog rau kev ntim khoom noj khoom haus, cheeses, khoom qab zib thiab lwm yam khoom noj.
2. Txhim kho cov qauv tsim rau kev siv cov tshuaj botanical cov tshuaj cog qoob loo, kawm ntxiv txog kev ua haujlwm thiab kev pom zoo ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm pabcuam, thiab npaj cov khoom siv capsule hollow. Kev ntsuas lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg xws li friability, lub sijhawm tawg, cov ntsiab lus hlau hnyav, thiab cov ntsiab lus microbial raug kuaj.
3. Rau daim ntawv thov tshiab ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub, cov khoom noj nqaij, thiab lwm yam, raws li cov txheej txheem sib txawv ntawm kev txau, dipping, thiab pleev xim, xaiv cov qauv tsim nyog, thiab kawm txog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo rotten, noo noo, noj zaub mov, hardness. ntawm cov zaub tom qab ntim thaum lub sij hawm cia, gloss thiab tsw thiab lwm yam ntsuas; cov xim, pH, TVB-N tus nqi, thiobarbituric acid thiab pes tsawg tus kab mob ntawm cov khoom nqaij tom qab ntim.