Qhuav mortar yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cementitious (cement, ya tshauv, slag hmoov, thiab lwm yam), tshwj xeeb graded zoo aggregates (quartz xuab zeb, corundum, thiab lwm yam., thiab tej zaum yuav tsum tau lub teeb granules, nthuav perlite, nthuav vermiculite, thiab lwm yam. ) thiab admixtures yog uniformly tov nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam kev faib ua feem, thiab ces packed nyob rau hauv lub hnab, chim los yog muab nyob rau hauv bulk nyob rau hauv qhuav hmoov lub xeev raws li ib tug lub tsev khoom.
Raws li daim ntawv thov, muaj ntau yam kev lag luam mortar, xws li qhuav hmoov mortar rau masonry, qhuav hmoov mortar rau plastering, qhuav hmoov mortar rau hauv av, tshwj xeeb qhuav hmoov mortar rau waterproofing, tshav kub preservation thiab lwm yam hom phiaj. Txhawm rau ua kom tiav, cov tshuaj khib nyiab qhuav tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov khoom sib xyaw qhuav (masonry, plastering thiab av qhuav-sib xyaw mortar) thiab tshwj xeeb qhuav-sib xyaw mortar. Tshwj xeeb qhuav-siv mortar muaj xws li: tus kheej-leveling pem teb mortar, hnav-resistant pem teb cov ntaub ntawv, uas tsis yog-hluav taws hnav-resistant pem teb, inorganic caulking tus neeg saib xyuas, waterproof mortar, resin plastering mortar, pob zeb nto tiv thaiv cov khoom, xim plastering mortar, thiab lwm yam.
Yog li ntau cov mortars qhuav qhuav yuav tsum muaj cov khoom sib txawv ntawm ntau hom thiab cov txheej txheem sib txawv ntawm kev txiav txim kom raug tsim los ntawm ntau qhov kev sim. Piv nrog rau cov pob zeb sib xyaw ua ke, cov khoom siv khib nyiab qhuav tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov hmoov nplej, thiab qhov thib ob, lawv tau soluble hauv dej txias, los yog maj mam yaj nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm alkalinity kom siv lawv cov txiaj ntsig.
1. Thickener, dej-retaining agent thiab stabilizer Ordinary mortar npaj los ntawm cov cement, inert los yog active ntxhia admixture, thiab nplua aggregate, nws lub ntsiab tsis zoo yog cohesion tsis zoo, tsis zoo stability, yooj yim los ntshav, segregation, Subsidence, nyuaj tsim, tom qab kev tsim kho, lub kev sib khi lub zog yog qhov tsawg, yooj yim rau tawg, tsis muaj dej tsis muaj zog, tsis muaj zog, thiab lwm yam, yuav tsum tau hloov kho nrog cov khoom tsim nyog. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev txhim kho cov cohesion, dej tuav thiab stability ntawm mortar, cov additives uas yuav xaiv tau xws li cellulose ether, hloov starch ether, polyvinyl cawv, polyacrylamide thiab thickening hmoov.
Cellulose ether methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (PMC) thiab hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (HEMC) yog txhua yam ua los ntawm ntuj polymer cov ntaub ntawv (xws li paj rwb, thiab lwm yam) Non-ionic cellulose ether tsim los ntawm kev kho tshuaj. Lawv yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov dej txias solubility, dej tuav, thickening, cohesiveness, film forming, lubrication, non-ionic thiab pH stability. Cov dej txias solubility ntawm cov khoom zoo li no tau zoo heev, thiab cov dej tuav lub peev xwm yog txhim khu kev qha, cov cuab yeej thickening yog pom tseeb, txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov huab cua npuas qhia yog me me, thiab cov nyhuv ntawm kev txhim kho lub zog ntawm lub mortar. kho tau zoo heev.
Cellulose ether tsis tsuas yog muaj ntau hom, tab sis kuj muaj ntau yam ntawm qhov nruab nrab molecular hnyav thiab viscosity ntawm 5mPa. s rau 200,000 mPa. s, qhov cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj khib hauv cov theem tshiab thiab tom qab hardening kuj txawv. Ntau qhov kev xeem yuav tsum tau ua thaum xaiv qhov kev xaiv tshwj xeeb. Xaiv cov cellulose ntau yam uas tsim nyog viscosity thiab molecular hnyav ntau, ib qho me me, thiab tsis muaj huab cua nkag. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv txoj kev no nws tuaj yeem tau txais tam sim ntawd. Kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws, tab sis kuj muaj kev lag luam zoo.
Starch ether Starch ether yog ib qho ether tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm pawg hydroxyl ntawm starch qabzib molecules nrog tshuaj reagents, hu ua starch ether los yog etherified starch. Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hloov pauv yog: sodium carboxymethyl starch (CMS), hydrocarbon alkyl starch (HES), hydrocarbon propyl ethyl starch (HPS), cyanoethyl starch, thiab lwm yam. , npog, desizing, sizing, dispersion thiab stabilization, thiab yog dav siv nyob rau hauv tshuaj, khoom noj khoom haus, textile, papermaking, niaj hnub tshuaj thiab roj av thiab lwm yam departments.
Tam sim no, lub zeem muag ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ether thov rau cov hmoov qhuav mortar kuj tseem muaj txiaj ntsig. Cov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog: ① Tus nqi ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ether yog pheej yig, tsuas yog 1/3 rau 1/4 ntawm cellulose ether; ② Cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ether sib xyaw rau hauv mortar kuj tseem txhim kho Cov viscosity, dej tuav, ruaj khov thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm mortar; ③ Cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ether tuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog cellulose ether hauv txhua qhov kev faib ua feem, txhawm rau txhim kho cov nyhuv anti-sagging ntawm mortar. Hauv qee cov khoom siv khib nyiab, xws li cov phab ntsa ceramic thiab cov nplais hauv pem teb, cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob, cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab cov khoom lag luam zoo tib yam, cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ether yog siv los ua lub ntsiab thickening thiab dej-retaining agent thiab stabilizer. Tab sis saib cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ether manufacturers hauv kuv lub teb chaws, ntau ntawm lawv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov khoom ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb, thiab tsuas yog ob peb lub tuam txhab tsim thiab muab cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hloov pauv kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv khib nyiab.
Thickened hmoov mortar Thickened hmoov yog ib yam khoom tshiab tsim los hloov mus rau kev tsim cov hmoov qhuav zoo tib yam (npib sib xyaw) mortar. Nws yog tsuas yog tsim los ntawm inorganic minerals thiab organic polymer cov ntaub ntawv, thiab tsis muaj txiv qaub thiab cua-entrained Cheebtsam. Nws qhov ntau npaum li cas yog li 5% mus rau 20% ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov cement. Tam sim no, hauv kev tsim cov khoom lag luam zoo tib yam hauv Shanghai, cov hmoov ua kom tuab feem ntau yog siv los ua cov thickening, dej tuav thiab stabilizing tivthaiv, thiab cov nyhuv yog zoo kawg li.
Polyvinyl cawv thiab polyacrylamide kuj muaj ntau yam viscosity, tab sis qee zaum cov huab cua nkag los yog loj, los yog cov dej xav tau ntawm cov mortar nce ntau dhau tom qab sib xyaw, yog li yuav tsum siv ntau qhov kev ntsuam xyuas los xaiv.
2. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm redispersible latex hmoov thickener yog los txhim kho cov dej tuav thiab ruaj khov ntawm cov mortar. Txawm hais tias nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov mortar los ntawm kev tawg (qhib dej evaporation tus nqi) rau qee qhov, nws feem ntau tsis siv los txhim kho qhov tawv thiab tawg tsis kam ntawm mortar. thiab waterproof txhais tau tias.
Kev xyaum ntxiv cov polymers los txhim kho cov impermeability, toughness, tawg tsis kam thiab cuam tshuam tsis kam ntawm mortar thiab pob zeb tau lees paub. Feem ntau siv polymer emulsions rau kev hloov kho cov cement mortar thiab cement pob zeb muaj xws li: neoprene roj hmab emulsion, styrene-butadiene roj hmab emulsion, polyacrylate latex, polyvinyl chloride, chlorine ib nrab roj hmab emulsion, polyvinyl acetate, thiab lwm yam. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm scientific kev tshawb fawb, tsis yog tsuas yog kev tshawb fawb. Cov kev hloov pauv ntawm ntau yam polymers tau kawm nyob rau hauv qhov tob, tab sis kuj muaj kev hloov kho mechanism, kev sib cuam tshuam mechanism ntawm polymers thiab cement, thiab cement hydration khoom kuj tau kawm theoretically. Ntau qhov kev soj ntsuam tob tob thiab kev tshawb fawb, thiab ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb tau tshwm sim.
Polymer emulsion tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, tab sis nws yog qhov tsis yooj yim sua kom siv nws ncaj qha hauv kev tsim cov hmoov qhuav mortar, yog li redispersible latex hmoov tau yug los. Tam sim no, cov tshuaj redispersible latex siv nyob rau hauv qhuav hmoov mortar feem ntau suav nrog: ① yas acetate-ethylene copolymer (VAC/E); ② Vinyl acetate-tert-carbonate copolymer (VAC/VeoVa); ③ Acrylate homopolymer (Acrylate); ④ Vinyl acetate homopolymer (VAC); 4) styrene-acrylate copolymer (SA), thiab lwm yam. Ntawm lawv, vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer muaj qhov siv ntau tshaj plaws.
Kev xyaum tau ua pov thawj tias qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm redispersible latex hmoov yog ruaj khov, thiab nws muaj qhov sib piv tsis zoo ntawm kev txhim kho lub zog ntawm cov tshuaj khib nyiab, txhim kho nws cov tawv nqaij, deformation, tawg tsis kam thiab impermeability, thiab lwm yam. Ntxiv hydrophobic latex hmoov copolymerized los ntawm polyvinyl acetate, vinyl chloride. , ethylene, vinyl laurate, thiab lwm yam kuj tseem tuaj yeem txo cov dej nqus ntawm cov tshuaj khib nyiab (vim nws cov hydrophobicity), ua rau cov mortar air-permeable thiab impermeable, txhim kho cov huab cua resistant thiab tau txhim kho durability.
Piv nrog rau kev txhim kho lub zog flexural thiab kev sib txuas lub zog ntawm mortar thiab txo nws cov brittleness, cov nyhuv ntawm redispersible latex hmoov rau kev txhim kho cov dej tuav ntawm mortar thiab txhim kho nws cohesion yog txwv. Txij li thaum qhov sib ntxiv ntawm redispersible latex hmoov tuaj yeem tawg thiab ua rau muaj huab cua ntau hauv cov tshuaj khib sib tov, nws cov dej-txo cov nyhuv yog pom tseeb heev. Ntawm chav kawm, vim cov qauv tsis zoo ntawm cov cua npuas tau qhia, cov nyhuv txo dej tsis tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, lub zog ntawm cov tshuaj khib yuav maj mam txo nrog qhov nce ntawm cov khoom siv latex redispersible. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib co mortars uas yuav tsum tau xav txog lub compressive thiab flexural zog, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau ntxiv ib tug defoamer tib lub sij hawm thiaj li yuav txo tau qhov tsis zoo ntawm latex hmoov ntawm lub compressive zog thiab flexural zog ntawm lub mortar. .
3. Vim yog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cellulose, starch ether thiab polymer cov ntaub ntawv, lub defoamer undoubtedly tsub kom cov huab cua-entraining khoom ntawm lub mortar. Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws cuam tshuam rau lub zog compressive, lub zog flexural thiab kev sib txuas lub zog ntawm cov tshuaj khib, thiab txo nws cov elastic modulus. Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws kuj muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau cov tsos ntawm cov mortar, yog li nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau tshem tawm cov npuas huab cua qhia hauv mortar. Tam sim no, imported qhuav hmoov defoamers yog siv nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj los daws qhov teeb meem no, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias vim lub siab viscosity ntawm cov khoom mortar, tshem tawm ntawm huab cua npuas tsis yog ib txoj hauj lwm yooj yim heev.
4. Anti-sagging tus neeg saib xyuas Thaum pasting ceramic vuas, foamed polystyrene boards, thiab siv roj hmab hmoov polystyrene particle rwb thaiv tsev mortar, qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws yog poob. Kev xyaum tau ua pov thawj tias ntxiv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ether, sodium bentonite, metakaolin thiab montmorillonite yog ib qho kev ntsuas zoo los daws qhov teeb meem ntawm mortar ntog tom qab kev tsim kho. Lub ntsiab kev daws teeb meem ntawm sagging yog ua kom cov thawj shear kev nyuaj siab ntawm lub mortar, uas yog, ua kom nws thixotropy. Hauv kev siv tswv yim, nws tsis yooj yim los xaiv tus neeg sawv cev zoo los tiv thaiv sagging, vim nws yuav tsum tau daws qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm thixotropy, workability, viscosity thiab dej xav tau.
5. Dej-repellent tus neeg saib xyuas cov dej tsis zoo los yog dej-repellent muaj nuj nqi ntawm plastering mortar, pobzeb caulking tus neeg saib xyuas, hniav xim mortar thiab qhuav-siv mortar siv rau sab nrauv phab ntsa ntawm lub nyias plastering rwb thaiv tsev system yog indispensable, uas yuav tsum tau ntxiv hmoov. cov tshuaj tua kab mob, tab sis nws yuav tsum muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no: ① ua rau cov tshuaj khib nyiab hydrophobic tag nrho thiab tuav cov nyhuv ntev; ② tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau lub zog sib txuas ntawm qhov chaw; ③ qee cov tshuaj tiv thaiv dej feem ntau siv hauv kev ua lag luam, xws li Calcium fatty acid tsis yog cov tshuaj hydrophobic haum rau cov tshuaj khib nyiab qhuav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov ntaub ntawv plastering rau kev tsim kho tshuab, vim nws nyuaj rau sib tov sai thiab sib npaug nrog cov cement mortar.
Lub silane-raws li hmoov dej-repellent tus neeg saib xyuas tsis ntev los no tau tsim, uas yog cov hmoov silane-raws li cov khoom tau los ntawm cov tshuaj tsuag kom qhuav silane-coated dej-soluble tiv thaiv colloids thiab anti-caking agents. Thaum cov mortar tov nrog dej, lub plhaub tiv thaiv colloid ntawm cov dej-repellent tus neeg sawv cev dissolves sai sai hauv dej, thiab tso tawm cov encapsulated silane rau redisperse rau hauv cov dej sib tov. Nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig alkaline heev tom qab cov cement hydration, cov hydrophilic organic functional pawg hauv silane yog hydrolyzed los tsim cov pab pawg silanol heev, thiab cov pab pawg silanol txuas ntxiv irreversibly react nrog hydroxyl pawg nyob rau hauv cov cement hydration khoom los tsim cov tshuaj bonds, yog li ntawd lub silane txuas ua ke los ntawm kev sib txuas sib txuas yog ruaj khov rau saum npoo ntawm phab ntsa pore ntawm cov cement mortar. Raws li cov hydrophobic organic functional pawg ntsib sab nraud ntawm lub pore phab ntsa, qhov saum npoo ntawm lub pores tau txais hydrophobicity, yog li coj tag nrho cov nyhuv hydrophobic rau mortar.
6. Pantherine Inhibitor Pantherine yuav cuam tshuam rau kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov cement-based decorative mortar, uas yog ib qho teeb meem uas yuav tsum tau daws. Raws li cov lus ceeb toom, resin-based anti-pantherine additive tau ua tiav tsis ntev los no, uas yog cov hmoov rov ua dua tshiab nrog kev ua haujlwm zoo. Cov khoom no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau siv nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheej txheej, putties, caulks los yog tiav mortar formulations thiab muaj zoo compatibility nrog rau lwm yam additives.
7. Fiber Ntxiv qhov tsim nyog ntawm fiber ntau hauv mortar tuaj yeem ua rau lub zog tensile, txhim khu lub toughness thiab txhim kho qhov tawg tsis kam. Tam sim no, chemical hluavtaws fibers thiab ntoo fibers feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv qhuav-mixed mortar. Cov tshuaj hluavtaws fibers, xws li polypropylene staple fiber, polypropylene staple fiber, thiab lwm yam. Tom qab kev hloov kho saum npoo, cov fibers no tsis tsuas yog muaj kev sib cais zoo, tab sis kuj muaj cov ntsiab lus tsawg, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho cov yas tsis kam thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj khib nyiab. Cov khoom siv kho tshuab tsis cuam tshuam loj heev. Txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov ntoo fiber ntau yog me dua, thiab qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov ntoo fiber ntau yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau qhov nce ntawm cov dej xav tau rau mortar.
Post lub sij hawm: Mar-04-2023