Yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam kev sib ntxiv hauv qhuav cug?

1. Dej khaws cia thiab cov khoom siv thickening

Cov hom dej tseem ceeb-khaws cov khoom siv thickening yog cellulose ether. Cellulose ether yog High-Efficial admixture uas tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua yeeb yam tshwj xeeb ntawm tsuas yog ib qho nyiaj tsawg xwb. Nws hloov dua siab tshiab los ntawm dej-insoluble cellulose rau hauv dej-soluble fiber los ntawm here cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nws yog ua los ntawm lub tiaj ether thiab muaj cov txheej txheem theem pib ntawm anhydoglucose. Nws muaj cov khoom sib txawv raws li hom thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov pab pawg hloov pauv ntawm nws txoj haujlwm hloov chaw. Nws tuaj yeem raug siv los ua cov tuab los kho cov cug cug; Nws cov dej khaws cia nws tuaj yeem kho cov dej xav tau ntawm lub tshuaj khib, thiab tuaj yeem maj mam tso tawm hauv lub sijhawm, uas tuaj yeem ua tau tias cov slurry thiab dej-nqus substrate yog zoo dua sib khi tau zoo dua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cellulose ether tuaj yeem kho cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj cug, ua kom muaj zog thiab ua haujlwm. Cov cellulose cellulose nram qab no tuaj yeem siv ua tshuaj quav yeeb yaj kiab hauv cov cellule qhuav: ①na-carboxymethyl cellulose; ②ethyl cellulose; ③methyl cellulose; ④hydroxy cellulose ether; Dileoxyproxylropy kasthyl cellulose; Istarch Ester, thiab lwm yam ntxiv ntawm ntau cov saum toj no-hais txog ntau yam kev ua tau zoo txhim kho kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov tshuaj khib nyiab qhuav: ①increase lub zog; ② chlig cov adhesion; Cugnhe tsis yooj yim rau los ntshav thiab cais; Zoo heev captance kuj; ⑥ tshuaj khib yog yooj yim los tsim cov khaubncaws sab nraud pov. Ntxiv rau cov khoom saum toj no, cov neeg hais txawv cellulose sib txawv kuj muaj lawv tus kheej cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Caii Wei los ntawm Chongqing University Connument Universical School txhim kho ntawm methyl cellulose ete ntawm kev ua tshuaj cug. Nws ntseeg tias tom qab ntxiv MC (Methyl Cellulose Ethale) Dej tuav tus neeg sawv cev rau lub tshuaj khib, ntau cov pa npuas yuav raug tsim. Nws ua zoo li cov kabmob pob, uas txhim kho cov kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lub cev ua ke tshiab, ua rau lub cev muaj pa tawv, ua cov hws tawm thiab thaiv cov hws khov. MC Dej Tuav Retaining Tus neeg sawv cev kuj tseem tuaj yeem txhim kho cov dej sib tov ntawm cov ntshav huv si, tab sis kuj tsis tuaj yeem nqus tau sai dhau los yog ua kom dhau los ntawm substrate sai sai hauv Cov theem thaum ntxov ntawm kev kho, yog li ntawd cov xis mas tuaj yeem ua kom hydrated zoo dua, yog li ntawd cov nyiaj ua kom zoo dua qub. Kev koom tes ntawm MC Cov neeg sawv cev hauv Mc yuav txhim kho cov shrinkage ntawm lub tshuaj khib. Nov yog cov dej nplua-cov hmoov uas muaj peev xwm sau tau hauv lub pores, yog li ntawd kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov dej huv, yog li txo qhov qhuav shrinkage ntawm lub tshuaj khib. tus nqi. Cellulose ether yog feem ntau sib xyaw hauv qhuav-sib tov adhesive cug, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum siv los ua cov nplais nplaum. Yog tias cellulose ether yog sib xyaw rau hauv cov nplais nplaum, lub peev xwm dej khaws cia ntawm cov pobzeb yuav zoo dua. Cellulose ether inhibital inhibits kev ua kom sai ntawm cov cement los yog cib muaj lub sijhawm kho kom txaus, thiab txhim kho lub zog kho kom zoo. Ib qho ntxiv, cellulose ether kuj tseem txhim kho cov plasticity ntawm mastic thiab sagging yooj yim dua, txawm tias qhov loj me me thiab thaj chaw ib qho loj thiab nteg ntom ntom yog siab. Cov vuas luaj yog glued rau ntsug qhov chaw yam tsis muaj tus swb ntawm lub ntsej muag. Cellulose ether tuaj yeem ncua kev tsim ntawm cov nqaij daim tawv xis, ua kom lub sijhawm qhib kev siv ntawm cov cement.

2. Organic fiber ntau

Cov fibers siv nyob rau hauv col txaws tau muab faib ua hlau fibers, inorganic fibers thiab organic fibers raws li lawv cov khoom siv. Ntxiv cov fibers rau hauv cug tshuaj yuav zoo heev txhim kho nws cov anti-nrib pleb thiab kev tiv thaiv kev ua tau zoo. Organic fibers feem ntau yog txuas ntxiv rau kev sib khib qhuav-sib xyaw kom txhim kho qhov tsis muaj tseeb thiab tawg ntawm cov tshuaj khib. Feem ntau siv cov organic fiber fiber (pv), polyeephide (PVY) Tam sim no cov neeg siv ntau tshaj plaws. Nws yog ib tug crystalline polymer nrog cov qauv ib txwm polymerized los ntawm propylene monomer nyob rau qee yam. Nws muaj tshuaj lom neeg kev tawm tsam, cov txheej txheem zoo, lub teeb yuag, cov shrinkage me me, thiab tus nqi qis. Thiab lwm yam ntxwv, thiab vim muaj polypropylene fiberion yog resistant rau cov kua qaub thiab alkali tshwm sim nrog cov khoom siv casas-basy nrog cov khoom noj khoom haus kom deb ntawm tsev thiab txawv teb chaws. Cov tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam ntawm cov kab ke sib xyaw ua ke nrog tshuaj khib feem ntau yog muab faib ua ob theem: Ib qho yog cov roj cort port theem; Lwm tus yog lub siab cug theem theem. Nyob rau hauv cov yas theem ntawm lub cug, cov pej xeem cov neeg coob coob tuaj yeem nthuav tawm cov qauv zoo nkauj, tiv thaiv kev sib hais haum ntawm cov neeg nplua nuj, thiab txo cov cais tawm. Txoj kev cais yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev tawg ntawm lub cug sab sib tov, thiab ntxiv cov fibers txo qhov sib tov thiab txo qhov cug kab cug. Vim yog cov dej evaporation hauv cov yas, lub shrinkage ntawm lub tshuaj khib yuav ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab tensile, thiab ntxiv rau cov fibers tuaj yeem dais cov kev ntxhov siab tensile. Nyob rau hauv theem tawv ntawm cug, vim muaj cov hav zoov ntawm kom qhuav shrinkage, carbonization shrinkage, thiab kub yuav tsim tawm sab hauv lub cug. microcack txuas ntxiv. Yuan Zhenyu thiab lwm tus kuj tau xaus lus los ntawm kev tsom xam cov kab tshuaj cug uas ntxiv rau cov yas pov tseg ntawm cov capt tsis kam ntawm cov cap. Thaum cov ntsiab lus ntim ntawm polypropylene fiber ntau hauv cug tshuaj yog 0.05% thiab 0.10%, cov kab nrib pleb tuaj yeem txo los ntawm 65%, feem ntau. Huang Chengya thiab lwm tus los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, South Suav teb cov khoom siv uas ntxiv los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke polypropylene tau txhim kho cov tshuab colent thiab compressive zog ntawm cement cug. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm fiber ntau hauv cesent cug yog li 0.9kg / m3, yog tias tus nqi ntau dua kev txhim kho, thiab nws tsis yig. Ntxiv cov fibers rau cug tshuaj yuav txhim kho qhov tsis raug ntawm lub cug. Thaum cov xis mas matrix shrinks, vim lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov hlau zoo sib xws ua si los ntawm cov fibers, lub zog muaj zog siv tau. Txawm hais tias muaj micro-kab nrib pleb tom qab kev txiav txim siab, kev ntxhov siab sab hauv thiab sab nraud, nthuav tawm ntawm cov kab nrib pleb network. , Nws yog qhov nyuaj rau kev tawg mus rau cov kab nrib pleb loj, yog li nws yog qhov nyuaj rau tsim ib txoj hauv kev, yog kev txhim kho qhov tsis raug ntawm lub cug.

3. Cov neeg sawv cev nthuav dav

Tus neeg sawv cev nthuav dav yog lwm qhov tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv kab mob-tawg thiab tiv thaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv pom nyob rau hauv cug tov. Cov neeg sawv cev nthuav dav feem ntau siv tau area, UEA, CEA thiab lwm yam. AEEA nthuav tus neeg sawv cev muaj qhov zoo ntawm lub zog loj, cov tshuaj loj, siab post-zog, qhuav shrinkage, thiab tsawg alkali cov ntsiab lus. Cov calcium alaterate mineral CA nyob rau hauv lub high-alumina clinker nyob rau hauv Olea sib nraus ua ntej reoas ua ntej los ua ib daim ntawv calcium sulfoalumate hydrate (ettringite) thiab nthuav dav. Ua ntej no tseem ua rau muaj dua los ua kom muaj kev nthuav dav, thaum Cea cia ua rau muaj calcium hydroxide. AEEA nthuav tus neeg sawv cev yog cov neeg saib xyuas hluav taws xob ntxiv, uas yog nthuav dav admixture ua los ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm high-alunite thiab gypsum. Qhov nthuav dav tsim tom qab AEA yog qhov ntxiv vim yog ob qho kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm Alumina Clinker nyob rau hauv lub siab Aluminter nyob rau hauv lub ases itacts nrog case4 thiab ca (Oh) 2, thiab hydres Txhawm rau txhawm rau ua cov calcium sulfoalumate hydrate (ettringite) thiab nthuav, tus nqi ntawm kev nthuav dav yog loj. Cov khoom lag luam tsim tawm thiab hydrated aluminium hydroxide gel ua kom muaj kev nthuav dav theem thiab cov gel theem tsim nyog sib tw, uas tsis tsuas yog ua kom muaj zog nthuav dav tab sis kuj ua kom muaj zog. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab thiab lig theem, ettringite kuj ua rau ettring ntxiv nyob rau hauv qhov expitation ntawm txiv qaub gyro-nthuav dav, uas txhim kho microstructure ntawm Caas aggrate interface. Tom qab AEA ntxiv rau lub tshuaj khib, muaj ntau cov ettringite tsim nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov thiab theem nrab yuav nthuav dav cov qauv ntawm lub tshuaj khib, txo cov macropores, txo qhov txo tag nrho Porosity, thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo heev txhim kho qhov tsis muaj tseeb. Thaum lub plab cug yog nyob rau hauv lub xeev qhuav, nthuav dav nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov thiab nruab nrab ntawm cov theem tom qab, kom cov tawg ua kom zoo dua qub. Ua ntej no nthuav tawm yog tsim los ntawm inorganic compounds xws li sulfates, alumina, potassium sulfoaluminate thiab calcium sulfate. Thaum ua tau muaj kev sib xyaw ua cov xis nyob rau hauv Maas hauv tus nqi tsim nyog, nws tuaj yeem ua tiav cov haujlwm ntawm kev them nyiaj ntawm shrinkage, tawg tsis kam thiab tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv. Tom qab ua ntej tau ntxiv rau cov cement dogent thiab sib xyaw, nws yuav siv nrog cov calcium silicate thiab hydrate los ua CA (uas yuav tsim sulfoaluminic acid. Calcium (C2ELPASSIKSORY-· 43O) yog ETtringite, uas ua rau cov xis mas cortion nthuav dav, ua cov tshuaj cug ntom nti, nrog kev sib tsoo tsis kam thiab impermabeability. Lin Goian thov cov ntshiab cug sib xyaw ua ke nrog ua ntej rau sab nrauv phab ntsa, thiab ua tiav kev ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. CEA cov neeg sawv cev nthuav dav Clinker yog ua los ntawm limestone, av nplaum (hmoov loj), thiab cov hmoov av ntawm 1350-1400 ° C, thiab tom qab ntawd av ua kom yuam kom tus neeg sawv cev nthuav dav. Cea cia nthuav tawm cov neeg sawv cev muaj ob lub peev txheej nthuav dav: CAO HALT CA CA (Oh) 2; C3A thiab ua kom Al2o3 los ua cov ntawv ettringite hauv nruab nrab ntawm gypsum thiab ca (Oh) 2.

4. Yas

Tshuaj khib plander yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov orgixture los ntawm cov organic polymers thiab inorganic tshuaj admixtures, thiab yog cov khoom anionic saum npoo av-nquag. Nws tuaj yeem txo qhov nro hauv kev daws teeb meem, thiab tsim cov pos huab thiab cov tawv me me) thaum lub sij hawm sib xyaw ua ke nrog dej. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm microbubbles yog me me thiab lub ruaj khov yog qhov zoo, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov ua haujlwm ntawm cug. ; Nws tuaj yeem disperse sasent hais, txhawb kev hloov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ua kom zoo dua qub, ua haujlwm txhim kho lub zog thiab khov-awrge, thiab txo qhov ntawm cov cement noj; Nws muaj cov viscosity zoo, muaj zog adhesion ntawm cug sib xyaw nrog nws, thiab tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov teeb meem hauv tsev xws li shelling (hollowing), tawg, thiab dej pom ntawm phab ntsa; Nws tuaj yeem txhim kho thaj chaw kev tsim kho, txo kev siv zog ua haujlwm, thiab txhawb kev tsim kho kev ua haujlwm; Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev nyiaj txiag thiab kev pab cuam uas tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov project zoo thiab muaj zog cov khoom lag luam nrog cov nqi siv kev siv tsawg. Lignosulfonate yog cov yas yas siv rau hauv cov hmoov av qhuav, thiab nws cov tshuaj feem ntau yog 0.2% rau 0.3%. Cov plyas feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv cov neeg nplua nuj uas xav tau cov yam ntxwv zoo rau tus kheej, xws li kev nplua nyiaj ntawm tus kheej, cov suab paj nruag sab npoo lossis leveling mortars. Ntxiv cov khoom siv rau hauv Masonry tshuaj ntsiav tuaj yeem txhim kho cov kab tshuaj khib nyiab xws li kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshauv Qhov zoo ntawm masonry. Nws tuaj yeem txuag tau 50% txiv qaub muab tshuaj ntxuav hauv plastering cug, thiab cug tsis yooj yim los ntshav lossis cais; cug cug muaj cov nplaum zoo rau lub substrate; Txheej txheej saum npoo tsis muaj salting-tawm tshwm sim-tawm tshwm sim, thiab muaj cov tawg zoo ua tsis taus, hlav tsis kam thiab huab cua tsis kam.

5. Hydrophobic Additive

Hydrophobic additives lossis dej repellents tiv thaiv dej los ntawm nkag mus rau hauv lub cug qhib kom tso cai rau kev sib cais ntawm cov pa dej. Hydrophobic additives rau qhuav-mixed cug cov khoom lag luam yuav tsum muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no: ①it yuav tsum yog cov khoom hmoov; ②have zoo sib xyaw cov khoom; ③Make lub cug ua hluav taws xob ua tag nrho hydrophobic thiab tswj xyuas cov nyhuv ntev; ④Bond mus rau saum npoo lub zog tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo; ⑤ Ua phooj ywg rau ib puag ncig. Hydrophobic cov neeg sawv cev tam sim no siv yog fatty acid hlau ntsev, xws li calcium stearate; silane. Txawm li cas los xij, cov calcium stearate tsis yog qhov haum hydrophobic additive rau cov ntaub ntawv cug qhuav, vim tias nws nyuaj rau kev sib xyaw sai thiab tsis sib xyaw nrog cov cement cug. Hydrophobic additives feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv plastering mortars rau nyias plastering cov hluav taws xob thermal, thiab cov quav dej cawv rau sab nrauv phab ntsa.

6. Lwm yam kev sib ntxiv

Cov coagulant yog siv los kho qhov chaw thiab cov khoom tawv ntawm cov tshuaj khib. Calcium tsim thiab cov roj carbonate yog siv dav. Raug loadings yog 1% calcium tsim thiab 0.2% roj carbonate. Zoo li cov accelerators, retarders kuj siv los kho qhov chaw teeb tsa thiab cov khoom tawv ntawm cug. Tartaric acid, citric acid thiab lawv cov ntsev, thiab gluconate tau siv ua tiav. Cov tshuaj tau yog 0.05% ~ 0.2%. Hmoov defoamer txo cov ntsiab lus cua ntawm cho tshuaj tshiab. Hmoov defoamers yog raws li cov pab pawg sib txawv xws li hydrocarbons, polyethylene glycols lossis polysiloxanes adsorbed ntawm inorganic txhawb nqa. Starch ether tuaj yeem ua kom muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub tshuaj khib, thiab yog li txo cov nqi dej, thiab txo cov sagging degree ntawm cov tshiab cug. Qhov no tso cai rau lub tshuaj khib kom ua kom tuab thiab cov nplais nplaum nplaum kom ua raws li cov vuas uas hnyav nrog tsawg sagging.