1. Cov dej tuav thiab cov khoom tuab
Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov dej khaws cov thickening yog cellulose ether. Cellulose ether yog cov khoom siv ua haujlwm siab uas tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj khib nrog tsuas yog me me ntxiv. Nws yog hloov los ntawm dej-insoluble cellulose mus rau hauv dej-soluble fiber los ntawm etherification cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nws yog ua los ntawm cov ether dawb thiab muaj cov qauv tsim qauv ntawm anhydroglucose. Nws muaj cov khoom sib txawv raws li hom thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov pab pawg hloov pauv ntawm nws txoj haujlwm hloov. Nws tuaj yeem siv los ua cov thickener los kho qhov sib xws ntawm mortar; nws cov dej tuav Nws tuaj yeem kho cov dej xav tau ntawm cov mortar, thiab tuaj yeem maj mam tso dej hauv qee lub sijhawm, uas tuaj yeem ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov slurry thiab cov dej nqus dej substrate zoo dua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cellulose ether tuaj yeem kho cov khoom rheological ntawm mortar, nce kev ua haujlwm thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo. Cov hauv qab no cellulose ether tebchaw yuav siv tau raws li tshuaj additives nyob rau hauv qhuav-mixed mortar: ①Na-carboxymethyl cellulose; ② Ethyl cellulose; ③ Methyl cellulose; ④Hydroxy cellulose ether; ⑤Hydroxypropyl methyl Cellulose; ⑥ starch ester, thiab lwm yam. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov lus hais saum toj no muaj ntau yam cellulose ethers txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw qhuav: ① Ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm; ② Ua kom cov adhesion; ③ Lub mortar tsis yooj yim los ntshav thiab sib cais; Zoo heev tawg kuj; ⑥ mortar yog ib qho yooj yim los tsim nyob rau hauv nyias txheej. Ntxiv nrog rau cov khoom saum toj no, sib txawv cellulose ethers kuj muaj lawv tus kheej cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Cai Wei los ntawm Chongqing University tau piav qhia txog kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem ntawm methyl cellulose ether ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm mortar. Nws ntseeg hais tias tom qab ntxiv MC (methyl cellulose ether) dej tuav tus neeg sawv cev rau hauv mortar, ntau cov npuas me me yuav tsim. Nws ua haujlwm zoo li lub pob bearing, uas txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw tshiab, thiab cov npuas cua tseem khaws cia rau hauv lub cev tawv tawv, tsim cov pores ywj siab thiab thaiv cov hlab ntsha capillary. MC dej tuav tus neeg saib xyuas kuj tuaj yeem txhim kho cov dej tuav ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw tshiab kom loj, uas tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog tiv thaiv cov mortar los ntshav thiab cais tawm, tab sis kuj tiv thaiv cov dej los ntawm evaporating sai heev los yog absorbed los ntawm substrate sai heev nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov ntawm kev kho, kom cov cement tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua hydrated, kom cov ntawv cog lus muaj zog zoo dua. Kev koom ua ke ntawm MC dej-txuas tus neeg saib xyuas yuav txhim kho qhov shrinkage ntawm mortar. Qhov no yog hmoov zoo dej-retaining tus neeg sawv cev uas tuaj yeem sau rau hauv lub qhov hws, kom cov pores sib cuam tshuam hauv cov tshuaj khib nyiab yuav raug txo, thiab cov evaporation poob ntawm cov dej yuav raug txo, yog li txo qhov qhuav shrinkage ntawm mortar. tus nqi. Cellulose ether feem ntau yog sib xyaw hauv cov kua nplaum qhuav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum siv cov nplaum nplaum. Yog tias cellulose ether sib xyaw rau hauv cov pobzeb nplaum, cov dej tuav lub peev xwm ntawm cov nplais mastic tuaj yeem txhim kho tau zoo. Cellulose ether inhibits qhov poob dej sai sai ntawm cov cement mus rau lub substrate los yog cib, kom cov cement muaj dej txaus los ua kom tiav, ua kom lub sijhawm kho, thiab txhim kho lub zog ntawm kev sib txuas. Tsis tas li ntawd, cellulose ether kuj txhim kho cov yas ntawm cov mastic, ua rau kev tsim kho yooj yim dua, ua rau thaj chaw sib txuas ntawm mastic thiab cib lub cev, thiab txo qis thiab sagging ntawm mastic, txawm tias qhov loj ntawm ib chav tsev yog loj thiab nto ntom ntom yog siab. Cov vuas yog glued rau ntsug nto yam tsis muaj slippage ntawm mastic. Cellulose ether kuj tseem tuaj yeem ncua kev tsim cov cement ntawm daim tawv nqaij, ua kom lub sijhawm qhib, thiab nce kev siv cov cement.
2. Organic fiber ntau
Cov fibers siv hauv mortar tuaj yeem muab faib ua hlau fibers, inorganic fibers thiab organic fibers raws li lawv cov khoom siv. Ntxiv cov fibers rau hauv mortar tuaj yeem txhim kho nws txoj kev tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tawm tsam. Organic fibers feem ntau yog ntxiv rau cov tshuaj khib nyiab qhuav los txhim kho cov impermeability thiab tawg tsis kam ntawm mortar. Feem ntau siv cov organic fibers yog: polypropylene fiber (PP), polyamide (nylon) (PA) fiber, polyvinyl cawv (vinylon) (PVA) fiber, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyethylene fiber, polyester fiber, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm lawv, polypropylene fiber yog tam sim no qhov feem ntau siv tau. Nws yog crystalline polymer nrog cov qauv tsis tu ncua polymerized los ntawm propylene monomer nyob rau hauv qee yam mob. Nws muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion, kev ua haujlwm zoo, lub teeb yuag, me me creep shrinkage, thiab tus nqi qis. Thiab lwm yam yam ntxwv, thiab vim tias polypropylene fiber ntau tiv taus cov kua qaub thiab alkali, thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom nrog cov khoom siv cement, nws tau txais kev saib xyuas thoob plaws hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws. Cov nyhuv anti-cracking ntawm fibers tov nrog mortar yog tsuas yog muab faib ua ob theem: ib tug yog cov yas mortar theem; lwm yam yog lub hardened mortar lub cev theem. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem yas ntawm lub mortar, qhov sib npaug ntawm cov fibers nthuav tawm cov qauv kev sib txuas ntawm peb sab, uas ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev txhawb nqa cov nplua aggregate, tiv thaiv kev sib haum xeeb ntawm cov nplua aggregate, thiab txo kev sib cais. Kev sib cais yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev tawg ntawm cov tshuaj khib nyiab, thiab qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov fibers txo cov kev sib cais ntawm cov mortar thiab txo qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev tawg ntawm cov tshuaj khib nyiab. Vim lub evaporation ntawm cov dej nyob rau hauv lub yas theem, lub shrinkage ntawm lub mortar yuav tsim tensile kev nyuaj siab, thiab ntxiv ntawm fibers yuav dais no tensile kev nyuaj siab. Nyob rau hauv lub hardening theem ntawm mortar, vim lub hav zoov ntawm qhuav shrinkage, carbonization shrinkage, thiab kub shrinkage, kev nyuaj siab kuj yuav generated nyob rau hauv lub mortar. microcrack extension. Yuan Zhenyu thiab lwm tus kuj tau xaus lus los ntawm kev soj ntsuam ntawm kev ntsuas kev sib tsoo ntawm cov mortar phaj uas ntxiv polypropylene fiber ntau rau hauv mortar tuaj yeem txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov yas shrinkage cov kab nrib pleb thiab txhim kho qhov tawg tsis kam ntawm mortar. Thaum lub ntim cov ntsiab lus ntawm polypropylene fiber nyob rau hauv mortar yog 0.05% thiab 0.10%, cov kab nrib pleb yuav raug txo los ntawm 65% thiab 75%, feem. Huang Chengya thiab lwm tus los ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Cov Khoom Siv, South China University of Technology, kuj tau lees paub los ntawm kev ntsuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev hloov kho polypropylene fiber ntau cement-raws li cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw uas ntxiv me me ntawm polypropylene fiber ntau rau cement mortar tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog flexural thiab compressive zog. ntawm cement mortar. Qhov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm fiber ntau hauv cement mortar yog li 0.9kg / m3, yog tias qhov nyiaj ntau tshaj qhov nyiaj no, qhov ntxiv dag zog thiab toughening nyhuv ntawm fiber ntau ntawm cov cement mortar yuav tsis zoo dua, thiab nws tsis yog kev lag luam. Ntxiv fibers rau hauv mortar tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov impermeability ntawm mortar. Thaum cov cement matrix shrinks, vim yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov hlau nplaum uas ua los ntawm cov fibers, lub zog siv tau zoo. Txawm hais tias muaj micro-cracks tom qab coagulation, nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm sab hauv thiab sab nraud kev ntxhov siab, kev nthuav dav ntawm cov kab nrib pleb yuav raug cuam tshuam los ntawm fiber ntau network system. , Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau kev loj hlob mus rau hauv cov kab nrib pleb loj, yog li nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau tsim ib txoj kev los ntawm seepage, yog li kev txhim kho cov impermeability ntawm mortar.
3. Tus neeg sawv cev nthuav dav
Tus neeg sawv cev nthuav tawm yog lwm qhov tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv kev tawg thiab tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam hauv cov tshuaj khib nyiab qhuav. Cov neeg siv nthuav dav tshaj plaws yog AEA, UEA, CEA thiab lwm yam. AEA nthuav dav tus neeg sawv cev muaj qhov zoo ntawm lub zog loj, me me npaum li cas, siab tom qab lub zog, qhuav shrinkage, thiab cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj alkali. Calcium aluminate minerals CA nyob rau hauv high-alumina clinker nyob rau hauv lub AEA tivthaiv thawj react nrog CaSO4 thiab Ca(OH)2 hydrate los tsim calcium sulfoaluminate hydrate (ettringite) thiab nthuav. UEA kuj tsim ettringite los tsim kev nthuav dav, thaum CEA feem ntau tsim cov calcium hydroxide. AEA nthuav tawm tus neeg sawv cev yog calcium aluminate expansion tus neeg sawv cev, uas yog ib qho kev nthuav tawm admixture ua los ntawm kev sib tsoo ib feem ntawm high-alumina clinker, ntuj alunite thiab gypsum. Kev nthuav dav tsim tom qab qhov sib ntxiv ntawm AEA feem ntau yog los ntawm ob yam: nyob rau theem pib ntawm cov cement hydration, calcium aluminate mineral CA nyob rau hauv lub siab alumina clinker hauv AEA tivthaiv ua ntej reacts nrog CaSO4 thiab Ca(OH)2, thiab hydrates. txhawm rau tsim calcium sulfoaluminate hydrate (ettringite) thiab nthuav dav, tus nqi nthuav dav yog loj. Lub generated ettringite thiab hydrated aluminium hydroxide gel ua rau lub expansion theem thiab lub gel theem tsim nyog match, uas tsis tsuas yog ua kom lub expansion kev ua tau zoo tab sis kuj ua kom lub zog. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab thiab lig theem, ettringite kuj tsim ettringite nyob rau hauv lub excitation ntawm txiv qaub gypsum los tsim micro-expansion, uas txhim kho lub microstructure ntawm cement aggregate interface. Tom qab AEA ntxiv rau hauv mortar, ib qho loj ntawm ettringite generated nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov thiab nruab nrab theem yuav nthuav lub ntim ntawm lub mortar, ua rau lub internal qauv ntau compact, txhim kho lub pore qauv ntawm lub mortar, txo cov macropores, txo tag nrho. porosity, thiab zoo heev txhim kho impermeability. Thaum lub mortar nyob rau hauv ib tug qhuav lub xeev nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej theem, qhov expansion nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov thiab nruab nrab theem yuav offset tag nrho los yog ib feem ntawm lub shrinkage nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej theem, thiaj li hais tias lub crack kuj thiab seepage kuj yog zoo dua. UEA expanders yog tsim los ntawm inorganic tebchaw xws li sulfates, alumina, poov tshuaj sulfoaluminate thiab calcium sulfate. Thaum UEA muab sib xyaw rau hauv cov cement hauv qhov tsim nyog, nws tuaj yeem ua tiav cov haujlwm ntawm kev them nyiaj shrinkage, tawg tsis kam thiab tiv thaiv tawm. Tom qab UEA ntxiv rau cov cement zoo tib yam thiab sib tov, nws yuav hnov mob nrog calcium silicate thiab hydrate los ua Ca (OH) 2, uas yuav tsim sulfoaluminic acid. Calcium (C2A·3CaSO4·32H2O) yog ettringite, uas ua rau cov cement mortar maj mam nthuav, thiab expansion tus nqi ntawm cov cement mortar yog proportional rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm UEA, ua rau cov mortar ntom, muaj siab tawg kuj thiab impermeability. Lin Wentian siv cov cement mortar tov nrog UEA rau sab nrauv phab ntsa, thiab ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo los tiv thaiv. CEA expansion agent clinker yog ua los ntawm limestone, av nplaum (los yog siab alumina av nplaum), thiab hlau hmoov, uas yog calcined ntawm 1350-1400 ° C, thiab ces av los ua CEA expansion agent. CEA expansion agents muaj ob qhov chaw nthuav dav: CaO hydration los ua Ca(OH)2; C3A thiab qhib Al2O3 los ua ettringite hauv nruab nrab ntawm gypsum thiab Ca(OH)2.
4. Plasticizer
Mortar plasticizer yog cov hmoov av-entraining mortar admixture compounded los ntawm cov organic polymers thiab inorganic chemical admixtures, thiab yog ib qho anionic nto-active khoom. Nws tuaj yeem txo qhov nro ntawm qhov kev daws teeb meem, thiab tsim kom muaj ntau qhov chaw kaw thiab cov npuas me me (feem ntau 0.25-2.5mm hauv txoj kab uas hla) thaum lub sij hawm sib tov txheej txheem ntawm mortar nrog dej. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm microbubbles yog me me thiab kev ruaj ntseg zoo, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm mortar. ; Nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov cement hais, txhawb cov cement hydration cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, txhim kho mortar zog, impermeability thiab khov-thaw kuj, thiab txo ib feem ntawm cov cement noj; nws muaj viscosity zoo, muaj zog adhesion ntawm mortar tov nrog nws, thiab tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov teeb meem hauv tsev xws li shelling (hollowing), cracking, thiab dej seepage ntawm phab ntsa; nws tuaj yeem txhim kho kev tsim kho ib puag ncig, txo kev siv zog ua haujlwm, thiab txhawb kev tsim kho vaj tse; nws yog ib qho txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev sib raug zoo uas tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov project zoo thiab txo Environmentally tus phooj ywg thiab cov khoom txuag hluav taws xob nrog cov nqi tsim kho tsawg. Lignosulfonate yog ib qho yas siv feem ntau siv hauv cov hmoov qhuav mortar, uas yog pov tseg los ntawm cov ntawv zeb, thiab nws qhov ntau npaum li cas yog 0.2% rau 0.3%. Plasticizers feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv mortars uas yuav tsum tau zoo-leveling zog, xws li tus kheej-leveling cushions, nto mortars los yog leveling mortars. Ntxiv cov plasticizers rau hauv cov mortar masonry tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov mortar, txhim kho cov dej tuav, fluidity thiab cohesion ntawm cov mortar, thiab kov yeej cov kev tsis txaus ntawm cov cement-mixed mortar xws li cov hmoov tshauv tawg, loj shrinkage thiab tsis muaj zog, thiaj li ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom tsis zoo. Qhov zoo ntawm masonry. Nws tuaj yeem txuag tau 50% txiv qaub muab tshuaj rau hauv plastering mortar, thiab mortar tsis yooj yim los ntshav lossis cais; mortar muaj adhesion zoo rau lub substrate; Cov txheej txheej saum npoo tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim, thiab muaj qhov ua kom tawg tau zoo, Frost tsis kam thiab huab cua tsis kam.
5. Hydrophobic additive
Hydrophobic additives los yog dej tshuaj tua kab mob tiv thaiv dej los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv mortar thaum tseem ua kom lub mortar qhib kom tso cai rau cov dej vapor. Hydrophobic additives rau cov khoom siv tshuaj khib nyiab qhuav yuav tsum muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no: ①Nws yuav tsum yog cov khoom siv hmoov; ② Muaj cov khoom sib xyaw zoo; ③ Ua kom cov mortar ua rau tag nrho hydrophobic thiab tswj cov nyhuv ntev; ④ Daim ntawv cog lus rau lub zog saum npoo tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo; ⑤ tus phooj ywg rau ib puag ncig. Hydrophobic agents tam sim no siv yog fatty acid hlau ntsev, xws li calcium stearate; silane ua. Txawm li cas los xij, calcium stearate tsis yog ib qho tsim nyog hydrophobic additive rau qhuav-siv mortar, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov ntaub ntawv plastering rau txhua yam kev tsim kho, vim hais tias nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau sib tov sai thiab uniformly nrog cement mortar. Hydrophobic additives feem ntau yog siv rau hauv plastering mortars rau nyias plastering sab nraud thermal rwb thaiv tsev tshuab, pobzeb grouts, hniav xim mortars, thiab waterproof plastering mortars rau sab nrauv phab ntsa.
6. Lwm yam additives
Lub coagulant yog siv los kho qhov chaw thiab hardening zog ntawm lub mortar. Calcium formate thiab lithium carbonate yog dav siv. Cov khoom thauj khoom yog 1% calcium formate thiab 0.2% lithium carbonate. Zoo li accelerators, retarders kuj siv los kho qhov chaw thiab hardening zog ntawm mortar. Tartaric acid, citric acid thiab lawv cov ntsev, thiab gluconate tau siv tau zoo. Tus nqi ntau npaum li cas yog 0.05% ~ 0.2%. Powdered defoamer txo cov cua cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov mortar tshiab. Powdered defoamers yog raws li cov tshuaj sib txawv xws li hydrocarbons, polyethylene glycols los yog polysiloxanes adsorbed ntawm inorganic kev txhawb nqa. Cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ether tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov sib xws ntawm cov tshuaj khib nyiab, thiab yog li me ntsis nce cov dej thov thiab cov nqi tawm los, thiab txo cov qib sagging ntawm cov tshuaj khib nyiab tshiab. Qhov no tso cai rau cov mortar ua kom tuab dua thiab cov nplais nplaum ua rau cov vuas hnyav dua nrog tsawg sagging.
Post lub sij hawm: Feb-06-2023