Raws li kev txheeb cais tsis tiav, tam sim no thoob ntiaj teb kev tsim cov khoom tsis-ionic cellulose ether tau mus txog ntau dua 500,000 tons, thiab hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose suav txog 80% rau ntau dua 400,000 tons, Tuam Tshoj nyob rau hauv ob xyoos tsis ntev los no ntau lub tuam txhab tau nthuav dav ntau lawm kom sai. nthuav lub peev xwm tau txog li 180 000 tons, txog 60 000 tons rau kev siv hauv tsev, ntawm no, ntau tshaj 550 lab tons yog siv rau hauv kev lag luam thiab li ntawm 70 feem pua yog siv los ua cov khoom siv hauv tsev.
Vim yog kev siv cov khoom sib txawv, cov hmoov tshauv index ntawm cov khoom yuav txawv, yog li cov khoom tuaj yeem tsim tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov qauv sib txawv hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, uas yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev txuag hluav taws xob, txo kev noj haus thiab txo emission.
1 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose tshauv thiab nws cov ntaub ntawv uas twb muaj lawm
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) yog hu ua tshauv los ntawm cov qauv kev lag luam zoo thiab cov sulphate los yog kub residue los ntawm cov tshuaj pharmacopoeia, uas tuaj yeem nkag siab yooj yim raws li cov ntsev inorganic tsis huv hauv cov khoom. Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm cov alkali muaj zog (sodium hydroxide) los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau qhov kev hloov kho zaum kawg ntawm pH mus rau nruab nrab ntsev thiab cov khoom siv raw cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm yav dhau los hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm inorganic ntsev.
Txoj kev txiav txim siab tag nrho cov tshauv; Tom qab ib co piv txwv yog carbonized thiab hlawv nyob rau hauv ib tug kub kub rauv, cov organic tshuaj yog oxidized thiab decomposed, escaping nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides thiab dej, thaum lub inorganic tshuaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm sulfate, phosphate, carbonate, chloride thiab lwm yam inorganic ntsev thiab hlau oxides. Cov residues no yog tshauv. Tus nqi ntawm tag nrho cov tshauv hauv cov qauv tuaj yeem suav los ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm qhov seem.
Raws li cov txheej txheem siv cov kua qaub sib txawv thiab yuav tsim cov ntsev sib txawv: feem ntau yog sodium chloride (tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv chloride ions hauv chloromethane thiab sodium hydroxide) ntxiv rau lwm cov kua qaub neutralization tuaj yeem tsim sodium acetate, sodium sulfide lossis sodium oxalate.
2. Tshauv yuav tsum muaj qib hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose
Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose feem ntau yog siv los ua thickening, emulsification, film forming, tiv thaiv colloid, dej tuav, adhesion, anti-enzyme thiab metabolic inert thiab lwm yam kev siv, nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev lag luam, uas yuav roughly muab faib ua cov nram qab no. yam:
(1) Kev tsim kho: lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog dej tuav, thickening, viscosity, lubrication, txaus pab txhim kho cov cement thiab gypsum machinability, siv. Architectural coatings, latex coatings yog tsuas yog siv los tiv thaiv colloid, film forming, thickening agent thiab pigment suspension aid.
(2) Polyvinyl chloride: feem ntau yog siv los ua dispersant hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv polymerization ntawm ncua kev kawm ntawv polymerization system.
(3) cov tshuaj niaj hnub: feem ntau yog siv los tiv thaiv cov khoom siv, nws tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom emulsification, anti-enzyme, dispersion, adhesion, deg kev ua si, tsim zaj duab xis, moisturizing, foaming, tsim, tso tawm tus neeg sawv cev, softener, lubricant thiab lwm yam khoom;
(4) Kev lag luam kws tshuaj: hauv kev lag luam kws tshuaj feem ntau yog siv rau kev npaj ntau lawm, siv los ua cov khoom npaj ntawm cov tshuaj pleev xim, cov khoom siv tshuaj pleev ib ce, cov ntaub qhwv, siv rau qeeb tso tshuaj lub cev pob txha, zaj duab xis tsim, pore-forming tus neeg sawv cev, siv ua kua, semi-solid npaj thickening, emulsification, ncua kev kawm ntawv, daim ntawv thov matrix;
(5) Ceramics: siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev rau kev lag luam ceramic billet, dispersing agent rau glaze xim;
(6) ua ntawv: dispersion, coloring, ntxiv dag zog rau tus neeg sawv cev;
(7) Textile printing thiab dyeing: ntaub pulp, xim, xim extender:
(8) Kev ua liaj ua teb: hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, nws tuaj yeem siv los kho cov noob qoob loo, txhim kho germination tus nqi, tiv thaiv ya raws thiab tiv thaiv mildew, khaws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab, maj mam tso cov tshuaj chiv thiab tshuaj tua kab, thiab lwm yam.
Raws li cov lus pom zoo ntawm cov kev paub dhau los ntawm cov ntawv thov ntev ntev thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qauv kev tswj hwm sab hauv ntawm qee lub tuam txhab txawv teb chaws thiab hauv tsev, tsuas yog qee cov khoom ntawm polyvinyl chloride polymerization thiab cov tshuaj niaj hnub yuav tsum tau tswj cov ntsev tsawg dua 0.010, thiab cov tshuaj pharmacopoeia. ntawm ntau lub teb chaws yuav tsum tswj cov ntsev tsawg dua 0.015. Thiab lwm yam kev siv ntsev tswj tuaj yeem ua tau dav dua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom tsim kho ntxiv rau kev tsim cov putty, xim ntsev muaj qee qhov kev xav tau, tus so tuaj yeem tswj cov ntsev <0.05 tuaj yeem ua tau raws li kev siv.
3 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose txheej txheem thiab ntsev tshem tawm txoj kev
Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws yog raws li hauv qab no:
(1) Txoj kev ua kua theem (slurry method): cov hmoov zoo ntawm cellulose yuav tsum tau crushed yog dispersed nyob rau hauv li ntawm 10 lub sij hawm organic hnyav nyob rau hauv ib tug ntsug los yog kab rov tav reactor nrog muaj zog agitation, thiab ces quantitative lye thiab etherifying tus neeg saib xyuas yog ntxiv rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov khoom raug ntxuav, qhuav, crushed thiab sieved nrog dej kub.
(2) Gas-phase method (gas-solid method): Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cellulose hmoov yuav tsum tau crushed yog ua tiav nyob rau hauv ib nrab qhuav lub xeev los ntawm ncaj qha ntxiv quantitative lye thiab etherifying tus neeg saib xyuas thiab ib tug me me ntawm tsawg boiling point by-products nyob rau hauv kab rov tav reactor nrog muaj zog agitation. Tsis xav tau cov kuab tshuaj organic ntxiv rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov khoom raug ntxuav, qhuav, crushed thiab sieved nrog dej kub.
(3) Homogeneous txoj kev (txoj kev sib cais): kab rov tav tuaj yeem ntxiv ncaj qha tom qab crushing ntawm cellulose nrog lub zog stirring reactor tawg nyob rau hauv naoh / urea (los yog lwm yam kuab tshuaj ntawm cellulose) txog 5 ~ 8 zaug ntawm dej khov hnyav hnyav nyob rau hauv hnyav, ces Ntxiv cov lye ntau thiab etherifying tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog acetone nag lossis daus cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo cellulose ether, Nws yog ces ntxuav hauv dej kub, qhuav, crushed thiab sieved kom tau cov khoom tiav. (Nws tseem tsis tau muaj nyob rau hauv industrial ntau lawm).
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kawg tsis muaj teeb meem siv hom twg uas tau hais los saum toj no muaj ntau ntsev, raws li cov txheej txheem sib txawv tuaj yeem tsim tau: sodium chloride thiab sodium acetate, sodium sulfide, sodium oxalate, thiab lwm yam sib tov ntsev, xav tau los ntawm desalination, kev siv ntsev hauv cov dej solubility, feem ntau nrog dej kub ntxhua, tam sim no cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb thiab txoj kev ntxuav yog:
(1) siv lub tshuab nqus tsev lim; Nws ua qhov no los ntawm slurping cov khoom nyoos tiav nrog dej kub thiab tom qab ntawd ntxuav cov ntsev los ntawm kev sib kis cov slurry sib npaug ntawm cov lim dej los ntawm kev txau dej kub rau nws thiab nqus nws hauv qab.
(2) Kab rov tav centrifuge: nws los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov khoom siv raw rau hauv slurry nrog dej kub kom dilute cov ntsev yaj hauv dej kub thiab tom qab ntawd los ntawm kev sib cais centrifugation yuav ua kua-khoom sib cais kom tshem tawm ntsev.
(3) nrog lub siab lim, nws los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov khoom siv crude rau hauv slurry nrog dej kub, nws mus rau hauv lub siab lim, ua ntej nrog cov cua tshuab cua thiab tom qab ntawd nrog dej kub txau N lub sij hawm nrog chav cua tshuab mus rau cais thiab tshem tawm ntsev.
Cov dej kub ntxuav kom tshem tawm cov ntsev yaj, vim tias yuav tsum tau koom nrog cov dej kub, ntxuav, qhov ntau dua qhov qis dua cov hmoov tshauv, thiab vice versa, yog li nws cov tshauv yog ncaj qha ntsig txog ntau npaum li cas cov dej kub, kev lag luam dav dav. cov khoom lag luam yog cov hmoov tshauv tswj hauv qab 1% siv dej kub 10 tons, yog tias tswj tau qis dua 5% yuav xav tau txog 6 tons ntawm cov dej kub.
Cellulose ether cov dej khib nyiab muaj cov tshuaj oxygen xav tau (COD) ntau dua 60 000 mg / L thiab cov ntsiab lus ntsev ntau dua 30 000 mg / L, yog li nws kim heev los kho cov dej khib nyiab, vim nws nyuaj rau ncaj qha. biochemical xws li ntsev siab, thiab nws tsis tso cai rau dilute raws li tam sim no lub teb chaws kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig yuav tsum tau. Qhov kawg daws yog tshem tawm ntsev los ntawm distillation. Yog li ntawd, ib tuj ntau boiling dej ntxuav yuav tsim ib ton ntau dej phwj. Raws li kev siv tshuab MUR tam sim no nrog kev siv hluav taws xob siab, tus nqi ntawm txhua tuj ntawm kev ntxuav cov dej ntshiab yog li 80 yuan, thiab tus nqi tseem ceeb yog kev siv hluav taws xob zoo.
Cov nyhuv ntawm 4 tshauv ntawm cov dej tuav tus nqi ntawm industrial hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose
HPMC feem ntau ua peb lub luag haujlwm hauv kev khaws dej, thickening thiab kev tsim kho yooj yim hauv cov khoom siv hauv tsev.
Kev tuav dej: txhawm rau ua kom lub sijhawm qhib ntawm cov khoom siv dej khaws cia, txhawm rau pab nws cov dej ua haujlwm tag nrho.
Thickening: Cellulose tuaj yeem thickened los ua ib qho kev ncua, kom cov kev daws teeb meem kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb nce thiab nqis tib lub luag haujlwm, tiv thaiv kom ntws dai.
Kev tsim kho: Cellulose lubrication, tuaj yeem muaj kev tsim kho zoo. HPMC tsis koom nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv li cas, tsuas yog ua lub luag haujlwm pabcuam. Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kev tuav dej, cov dej tuav ntawm mortar cuam tshuam rau homogenization ntawm mortar, thiab tom qab ntawd cuam tshuam rau cov cuab yeej cuab tam thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj khib nyiab. Masonry mortar thiab plaster mortar yog ob qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv mortar, thiab daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb ntawm masonry mortar thiab plaster mortar yog masonry qauv. Raws li ib qho thaiv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom yog nyob rau hauv qhuav lub xeev, thiaj li yuav txo tau cov qhuav block ntawm muaj zog nqus dej mortar, kev tsim kho adopts lub thaiv ua ntej prewetting, los thaiv tej yam noo noo cov ntsiab lus, khaws noo noo nyob rau hauv mortar. txhawm rau thaiv cov khoom nqus dej ntau dhau, tuaj yeem tswj cov dej hauv cov gelling xws li cov cement mortar. Txawm li cas los xij, yam xws li thaiv hom sib txawv thiab qhov chaw ua ntej ntub dej yuav cuam tshuam rau cov dej poob thiab dej poob ntawm mortar, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau tag nrho cov qauv ntawm cov masonry zoo. Lub mortar nrog cov dej tuav tau zoo tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom thaiv thiab tib neeg cov yam ntxwv, thiab xyuas kom meej qhov homogeneity ntawm mortar.
Cov nyhuv ntawm cov dej tuav ntawm mortar hardening kev ua tau zoo yog feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov cuam tshuam ntawm thaj tsam ntawm mortar thiab block. Nrog rau cov dej sai sai ntawm cov mortar nrog cov dej tsis zoo, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov mortar ntawm qhov sib cuam tshuam yog qhov tsis txaus, thiab cov cement tsis tuaj yeem ua kom muaj dej txaus, uas cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm lub zog. Lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv cement feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv cement hydration. Cov cement hydration tsis txaus nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam interface txo cov kev sib txuas ntawm lub zog, thiab lub hollow bulging thiab cracking ntawm mortar nce.
Yog li ntawd, xaiv qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev tuav dej tuav lub tsev K hom peb cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov viscosity, los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev ntawm kev ntxuav kom zoo li qub batch naj npawb ob xav tau cov hmoov tshauv, thiab tom qab ntawd raws li txoj kev ntsuas dej tam sim no ( lim ntawv txoj kev ) ntawm tib batch naj npawb sib txawv cov hmoov tshauv ntawm cov dej tuav ntawm peb pawg ntawm cov qauv qhia tshwj xeeb raws li hauv qab no:
4.1 Kev sim txoj hauv kev txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau ntsuas dej (filter paper method)
4.1.1 Kev siv cov cuab yeej thiab khoom siv
Cement slurry tov khoom, ntsuas lub tog raj kheej, tshuav nyiaj li cas, stopwatch, stainless hlau thawv, diav, stainless hlau nplhaib tuag (sab hauv txoj kab uas hla φ100 mm × txheej kab φ110 mm × siab 25 mm, ceev lim ntawv, qeeb lim ntawv, iav phaj.
4.1.2 Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov tshuaj reagents
Ordinary Portland CEMENT (425#), STANDARD SAND (Xuab zeb tsis muaj av nkos ntxuav los ntawm dej), PRODUCTSAMPLE (HPMC), Cov dej huv rau kev sim (Kiv dej, dej ntxhia).
4.1.3 Kev soj ntsuam tej yam kev mob
Kev ntsuas kub: 23 ± 2 ℃; Cov av noo: ≥ 50%; Kev ntsuas dej kub yog tib yam li chav ntsuas kub 23 ℃.
4.1.4 Kev sim cov txheej txheem
Muab lub iav phaj rau ntawm lub tshuab ua haujlwm, muab cov ntawv lim dej hnyav (qhov hnyav: M1) rau ntawm nws, tom qab ntawd muab ib daim ntawv lim ceev rau ntawm daim ntawv lim qeeb, thiab tom qab ntawd muab lub nplhaib hlau pwm rau ntawm daim ntawv lim ceev ( lub nplhaib pwm yuav tsum tsis txhob tshaj lub voj voog ceev lim ntawv).
Qhov hnyav (425 #) cement 90 g; Txheem xuab zeb 210 g; Cov khoom (piv txwv) 0.125g; Ncuav rau hauv lub thawv stainless hlau thiab sib tov zoo (qhuav sib tov).
Siv cov cement tov khoom (sib tov lub lauj kaub thiab nplooj kom huv si thiab qhuav, huv si huv si thiab qhuav tom qab txhua qhov kev sim, muab tso tseg). Siv lub ntsuas lub tog raj kheej ntsuas 72 ml ntawm dej huv (23 ℃), ua ntej ncuav rau hauv lub lauj kaub stirring, thiab tom qab ntawd ncuav cov khoom npaj, infiltrate rau 30 s; Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsa lub lauj kaub mus rau qhov sib tov, pib lub tov khoom, thiab do ntawm qis ceev (piv txwv li, qeeb stirring) rau 60 s; Nres rau 15 s thiab khawb cov slurry ntawm phab ntsa thiab hniav rau hauv lub lauj kaub; Txuas ntxiv kom nrawm nrawm rau 120 s kom nres. Ncuav (load) tag nrho cov hmoov sib tov rau hauv lub nplhaib stainless hlau pwm sai sai, thiab lub sijhawm los ntawm lub sijhawm thaum lub mortar kov cov ntawv lim ceev (nias lub stopwatch). Tom qab 2 min, lub nplhaib puab tau tig rov qab thiab cov ntawv lim tsis ntev tau muab tshem tawm thiab hnyav (qhov hnyav: M2). Ua qhov kev sim dawb paug raws li cov qauv saum toj no (qhov hnyav ntawm cov ntawv lim ntev ua ntej thiab tom qab qhov hnyav yog M3, M4)
Txoj kev suav yog raws li nram no:
(1)
Qhov twg, M1 - qhov hnyav ntawm cov ntawv lim ntev ua ntej qhov kev sim ua qauv; M2 - qhov hnyav ntawm cov ntawv lim dej ntev tom qab kev sim ua qauv; M3 - qhov hnyav ntawm cov ntawv lim ntev ua ntej qhov kev sim dawb; M4 - qhov hnyav ntawm cov ntawv lim ntev ntev tom qab kev sim tsis muaj.
4.1.5 Kev ceev faj
(1) qhov kub ntawm cov dej huv yuav tsum yog 23 ℃, thiab qhov hnyav yuav tsum yog qhov tseeb;
(2) Tom qab nplawm, tshem tawm lub lauj kaub thiab do tusyees nrog rab diav;
(3) cov pwm yuav tsum tau nruab sai sai, thiab cov mortar yuav tsum tamped tiaj tus thiab ruaj khov thaum txhim kho;
(4) Nco ntsoov lub sijhawm lub sijhawm thaum lub mortar kov cov ntawv lim ceev, thiab tsis txhob nchuav cov mortar rau ntawm daim ntawv lim sab nraud.
4.2 tus qauv
Peb batch tus lej nrog cov viscosities sib txawv ntawm tib hom K tau raug xaiv raws li: 201302028 viscosity 75 000 mPa·s, 20130233 viscosity 150 000 mPa·s, 20130236 viscosity 200 batch sib txawv ntawm ob tus lej sib txawv tshauv (saib Table 3.1). nruj me ntsis tswj cov dej noo thiab pH ntawm tib batch ntawm cov qauv kom ntau li ntau tau, thiab tom qab ntawd ua cov dej tuav tus nqi ntsuas raws li cov txheej txheem saum toj no (filter paper method).
4.3 Cov txiaj ntsig kev sim
Cov txiaj ntsig kev ntsuas ntsuas ntawm peb pawg ntawm cov qauv tau qhia hauv Table 1, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ntsuas cov dej tuav ntawm cov viscosities sib txawv tau pom hauv daim duab 1, thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ntsuas cov dej tuav tus nqi sib txawv ntawm cov tshauv thiab pH yog qhia hauv daim duab 2. .
(1) Cov txiaj ntsig kev ntsuas ntsuas ntawm peb pawg ntawm cov qauv yog qhia hauv Table 1
Table 1 Kev txheeb xyuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm peb pawg ntawm cov qauv
qhov project
Batch no.
Tshauv%
pH
Viscosity/mPa, s
Dej /%
Kev tuav dej
201302028
4.9
4.2
75,000,
6
76
0.9
4.3
74, 500, ib.
5.9
76
20130 233 ib
4.7
4.0
150,000,
5.5
79
0.8 ua
4.1
140,000,
5.4
78
20130 236 ib
4.8
4.1
200,000,
5.1
82
0.9
4.0
195,000, ib.
5.2
81
(2) Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ntsuas dej tuav ntawm peb pawg ntawm cov qauv nrog cov viscosities sib txawv tau pom hauv daim duab 1.
FIG. 1 Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tuav dej ntawm peb pawg ntawm cov qauv nrog cov viscosities sib txawv
(3) Kev ntsuas dej tuav tau ntawm peb pawg ntawm cov qauv nrog cov hmoov tshauv sib txawv thiab pH tau pom hauv daim duab 2.
FIG. 2 Kev soj ntsuam cov txiaj ntsig ntawm dej tuav tus nqi ntawm peb pawg ntawm cov qauv nrog cov hmoov tshauv sib txawv thiab pH
Los ntawm cov kev sim saum toj no, kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov dej khaws cia feem ntau yog los ntawm viscosity, siab viscosity txheeb ze rau nws cov dej khaws cia siab yuav tsis zoo. Qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov hmoov tshauv hauv thaj tsam ntawm 1% ~ 5% yuav luag tsis cuam tshuam rau nws cov dej tuav, yog li nws yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau nws cov dej tuav dej.
5 xaus
Txhawm rau ua kom tus qauv siv tau ntau dua rau kev muaj tiag thiab ua raws li cov qauv hnyav zuj zus ntawm kev txuag hluav taws xob thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, nws tau hais tias:
Cov txheej txheem kev lag luam ntawm kev lag luam hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov hmoov tshauv tswj los ntawm qib, xws li: qib 1 tswj tshauv <0.010, qib 2 tswj tshauv <0.050. Ua li no, tus tsim tawm tuaj yeem xaiv cia tus neeg siv kuj muaj ntau txoj kev xaiv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus nqi tuaj yeem tsim raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua tau zoo thiab tus nqi siab los tiv thaiv kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev ua lag luam. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias kev txuag hluav taws xob thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig ua rau cov khoom tsim tau zoo thiab sib haum xeeb nrog ib puag ncig.
Post lub sij hawm: Sep-09-2022