Cov yam ntxwv, kev npaj thiab kev siv ntawm cellulose ether hauv kev lag luam

Cov hom, kev npaj, cov khoom thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cellulose ether raug tshuaj xyuas, nrog rau cov ntawv thov ntawm cellulose ether hauv roj av, kev tsim kho, papermaking, textile, tshuaj, khoom noj khoom haus, photoelectric cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev lag luam tshuaj txhua hnub. Qee hom tshiab ntawm cellulose ether derivatives nrog rau kev txhim kho kev cia siab tau qhia thiab lawv cov ntawv thov kev cia siab tau tshwm sim.

Cov lus tseem ceeb:cellulose ether; Kev ua tau zoo; Daim ntawv thov; Cellulose derivatives

Cellulose yog ib hom ntawm ntuj polymer compound. Nws cov qauv tshuaj yog polysaccharide macromolecule nrog anhydrous β-glucose ua lub hauv paus nplhaib, nrog ib pawg thawj hydroxyl thiab ob pawg hydroxyl theem nrab ntawm txhua lub nplhaib. Los ntawm kev hloov kho tshuaj, ib qho ntawm cov cellulose derivatives tuaj yeem tau txais, cellulose ether yog ib qho ntawm lawv. Cellulose ether yog tau los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cellulose thiab NaOH, thiab tom qab ntawd etherize nrog ntau yam kev ua haujlwm monomers xws li methane chloride, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, thiab lwm yam, los ntawm kev ntxuav cov khoom siv ntsev thiab sodium cellulose. Cellulose ether yog ib qho tseem ceeb derivative ntawm cellulose, tuaj yeem siv dav hauv tshuaj thiab kev noj qab haus huv, tshuaj txhua hnub, ntawv, zaub mov, tshuaj, kev tsim kho, khoom siv thiab lwm yam lag luam. Yog li ntawd, kev txhim kho thiab kev siv cellulose ether muaj qhov tseem ceeb zoo rau kev siv dav dav ntawm cov khoom siv biomass txuas ntxiv mus, kev tsim cov khoom siv tshiab thiab cov thev naus laus zis tshiab.

1. Kev faib tawm thiab kev npaj ntawm cellulose ether

Kev faib tawm ntawm cellulose ethers feem ntau muab faib ua plaub pawg raws li lawv cov khoom ionic.

1.1 Nonionic cellulose ether

Tsis yog-ionic cellulose ether feem ntau yog cellulose alkyl ether, txoj kev npaj yog los ntawm cellulose thiab NaOH cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab tom qab ntawd nrog ntau yam kev ua haujlwm monomers xws li methane chloride, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide etherification cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab tom qab ntawd los ntawm kev ntxuav cov khoom los ntawm cov khoom. ntsev thiab sodium cellulose kom tau. Lub ntsiab methyl cellulose ether, methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ether, hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, cyanoethyl cellulose ether, hydroxybutyl cellulose ether. Nws daim ntawv thov yog dav heev.

1.2 Anionic cellulose ether

Anionic cellulose ether feem ntau yog carboxymethyl cellulose sodium, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose sodium. Txoj kev npaj yog los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cellulose thiab NaOH, thiab tom qab ntawd etherify nrog monochloroacetic acid lossis ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, thiab tom qab ntawd ntxuav cov khoom siv ntsev thiab sodium cellulose kom tau.

1.3 cationic cellulose ether

Cationic cellulose ether feem ntau yog 3 - chlorine - 2 - hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride cellulose ether. Txoj kev npaj yog los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cellulose thiab NaOH, thiab tom qab ntawd tus neeg sawv cev cationic etherifying 3 - chlorine - 2 - hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride los yog ethylene oxide, propylene oxide ua ke nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv etherifying, thiab tom qab ntawd los ntawm kev ntxuav cov khoom siv ntsev thiab sodium. cellulose kom tau.

1.4 Zwitterionic cellulose ether

Zwitterionic cellulose ether muaj ob pawg anionic thiab cationic pawg ntawm cov saw molecular, txoj kev npaj yog los ntawm cellulose thiab NaOH cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab tom qab ntawd nrog chloroacetic acid thiab cationic etherifying agent 3 - chlorine - 2 hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride etherification cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab tom qab ntawd ntxuav. los ntawm cov khoom siv ntsev thiab sodium cellulose thiab tau txais.

2.cov khoom thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cellulose ether

2.1 Cov yam ntxwv tshwm sim

Cellulose ether feem ntau yog dawb los yog milky dawb, saj tsis qab, tsis muaj tshuaj lom, nrog fluidity ntawm cov hmoov fibers, yooj yim nqus dej noo, yaj hauv dej rau hauv pob tshab viscous ruaj khov colloid.

2.2 Zaj duab xis tsim thiab adhesion

Lub etherification ntawm cellulose ether muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau nws cov khoom, xws li solubility, zaj duab xis tsim muaj peev xwm, daim ntawv cog lus lub zog thiab ntsev kam rau ua. Cellulose ether muaj zog txhua yam, yoog raws, ua haujlwm kub thiab txias, thiab muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog ntau yam resins thiab plasticizers, tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov yas, zaj duab xis, varnishes, nplaum, latex thiab tshuaj txheej txheej.

2.3 Solubility

Methyl cellulose soluble nyob rau hauv dej txias, insoluble nyob rau hauv dej kub, tab sis kuj soluble nyob rau hauv ib co organic solvents; Methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose soluble nyob rau hauv dej txias, insoluble nyob rau hauv dej kub thiab organic solvents. Tab sis thaum lub aqueous tov ntawm methyl cellulose thiab methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose yog rhuab, methyl cellulose thiab methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose yuav precipitate. Methyl cellulose precipitated ntawm 45 ~ 60 ℃, thaum tov etherized methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose precipitated ntawm 65 ~ 80 ℃. Thaum kub poob, lub precipitates redissolve.

Sodium hydroxyethyl cellulose thiab carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose yog soluble hauv dej ntawm txhua qhov kub, tab sis insoluble hauv cov kuab tshuaj organic (nrog qee qhov tshwj xeeb).

2.4 Thickening

Cellulose ether yog yaj hauv dej hauv daim ntawv colloidal, thiab nws cov viscosity nyob ntawm qhov degree ntawm polymerization ntawm cellulose ether. Cov tshuaj muaj macromolecules ntawm hydration. Vim yog qhov entanglement ntawm macromolecules, tus cwj pwm ntws ntawm cov tshuaj sib txawv ntawm cov kua Newtonian, tab sis nthuav tawm tus cwj pwm uas txawv nrog kev hloov ntawm shear rog. Vim yog cov qauv macromolecular ntawm cellulose ether, viscosity ntawm cov tshuaj nce sai nrog kev nce siab thiab txo qis nrog qhov kub thiab txias.

2.5 Degradability

Cellulose ether yog siv nyob rau hauv lub aqueous theem. Ntev npaum li dej tsis muaj, cov kab mob yuav loj tuaj. Kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob ua rau kev tsim cov kab mob enzyme. Cov kab mob enzyme ua rau qhov tsis hloov pauv cov dej qabzib hauv chav tsev nyob ib sab ntawm cellulose ether tawg thiab qhov hnyav molecular ntawm polymer txo. Yog li ntawd, yog hais tias ib tug aqueous tov ntawm cellulose ether yuav tsum tau khaws cia rau lub sij hawm ntev, ib tug preservative yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau nws, txawm yog siv antibacterial cellulose ether.

3.kev thov ntawm cellulose ether hauv kev lag luam

3.1 Petroleum Kev Lag Luam

Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev siv roj av. Nws yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov av nkos kom viscosity thiab txo cov dej poob. Nws tuaj yeem tiv taus ntau yam kua ntsev ua kuab paug thiab txhim kho cov roj rov qab.

Sodium carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose thiab sodium carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose yog ib hom zoo dua drilling av nkos kho tus neeg saib xyuas thiab npaj cov ntaub ntawv tiav, siab pulping tus nqi, ntsev tsis kam, calcium tsis kam, zoo viscosification muaj peev xwm, kub tsis kam (160 ℃). Tsim nyog rau kev npaj cov dej tshiab, dej hiav txwv thiab cov dej ntsev saturated dej drilling kua, nyob rau hauv qhov hnyav ntawm calcium chloride tuaj yeem sib xyaw rau hauv ntau qhov ntom ntom (103 ~ 1279 / cm3) drilling kua, thiab ua kom nws muaj qee yam viscosity thiab tsis pom. muaj peev xwm, nws cov viscosity thiab pom muaj peev xwm zoo dua li hydroxyethyl cellulose, yog cov roj ntau lawm additives. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose yog dav siv nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm roj av exploitation ntawm cellulose derivatives, nyob rau hauv drilling kua, cementing kua, fracturing kua thiab txhim kho cov roj ntau lawm yog siv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub drilling kua noj yog loj, lub ntsiab takeoff thiab tsaws pom thiab viscosification.

Hydroxyethyl cellulose yog siv nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm drilling, tiav thiab cementing raws li cov av nkos thickening stabilizer. Vim hydroxyethyl cellulose thiab sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, guar gum piv nrog cov nyhuv thickening zoo, ncua kev kawm ntawv xuab zeb, siab ntsev cov ntsiab lus, zoo tshav kub tsis kam, thiab me me kuj, tsis tshua muaj kua poob, tawg roj hmab thaiv, tsis tshua muaj residue yam ntxwv, tau lug siv.

3.2 Kev tsim kho thiab txheej txheej kev lag luam

Lub tsev thiab plastering mortar admixture: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose tuaj yeem siv los ua tus neeg saib xyuas, dej tuav tus neeg saib xyuas, thickener thiab binder, tuaj yeem siv ua gypsum hauv qab thiab cement hauv qab plaster, mortar thiab av leveling khoom dispersant, dej tuav tus neeg saib xyuas, thickener. Nws yog ib hom tshwj xeeb masonry thiab plastering mortar admixture rau aerated qhob blocks ua los ntawm carboxymethyl cellulose, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm, dej tuav thiab tawg tsis kam ntawm mortar thiab zam qhov tawg thiab hollow ntawm phab ntsa thaiv.

Cov ntaub ntawv kho kom zoo nkauj hauv tsev: Cao Mingqian thiab lwm yam methyl cellulose ua los ntawm ib hom kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig lub tsev cov ntaub ntawv kho kom zoo nkauj, nws cov txheej txheem tsim tau yooj yim, huv si, tuaj yeem siv rau qib siab phab ntsa, pob zeb pob zeb nto, kuj tuaj yeem siv rau sab , ntsiav tshuaj nto kho kom zoo nkauj. Huang Jianping ua los ntawm carboxymethyl cellulose yog ib hom ceramic pobzeb sealant, uas muaj lub zog sib txuas, muaj peev xwm deformation zoo, tsis tsim cov kab nrib pleb thiab poob tawm, cov nyhuv dej tsis zoo, ci thiab xim zoo nkauj, nrog cov nyhuv zoo nkauj.

Daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv coatings: Methyl cellulose thiab hydroxyethyl cellulose yuav siv tau raws li stabilizer, thickener thiab dej tuav tus neeg saib xyuas rau latex coatings, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, kuj yuav siv tau raws li dispersant, viscosifier thiab zaj duab xis tsim tus neeg saib xyuas rau xim cement coatings. Ntxiv cellulose ether nrog cov lus qhia tsim nyog thiab viscosity rau cov xim latex tuaj yeem txhim kho kev tsim kho ntawm cov xim latex, tiv thaiv spatter, txhim kho kev ruaj khov thiab npog lub zog. Cov neeg siv khoom tseem ceeb tshaj tawm txawv teb chaws yog latex coatings, yog li ntawd, cov khoom siv cellulose ether feem ntau yog thawj qhov kev xaiv ntawm latex xim thickener. Piv txwv li, kev hloov kho methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether tuaj yeem ua tus thawj coj hauv cov thickener ntawm latex xim vim nws cov khoom zoo. Piv txwv li, vim tias cellulose ether muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb thermal gel thiab solubility, ntsev tsis kam, tiv thaiv tshav kub, thiab muaj qhov tsim nyog ntawm kev ua haujlwm, tuaj yeem siv los ua tus neeg saib xyuas dej, tshem tawm tus neeg sawv cev, emulsifier, zaj duab xis tsim tus neeg sawv cev, lubricant, khi thiab hloov kho rheological. .

3.3 Ntawv Kev Lag Luam

Daim ntawv ntub dej ntxiv: CMC tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv fiber ntau thiab cov ntawv txhim kho, tuaj yeem muab ntxiv rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg, vim sodium carboxymethyl cellulose thiab pulp thiab cov khoom ntim muaj tib yam nqi, tuaj yeem ua kom qhov sib npaug ntawm cov fiber ntau, txhim kho lub zog ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. ntawv. Raws li ib qho ntxiv ntxiv rau hauv daim ntawv, nws ua rau kom muaj kev sib koom tes ntawm cov fibers, thiab tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog tensile, tawg tsis kam, daim ntawv sib npaug thiab lwm yam kev ntsuas lub cev. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose kuj tseem siv tau los ua tus neeg sawv cev sizing hauv cov tawv nqaij. Ntxiv nrog rau nws tus kheej sizing degree, nws kuj tseem siv tau los ua tus neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv ntawm rosin, AKD thiab lwm yam sizing agents. Cationic cellulose ether kuj tseem siv tau los ua cov ntawv khaws cia cov lim dej, txhim kho tus nqi tuav ntawm cov fiber ntau thiab muab tub lim, kuj tuaj yeem siv los ua cov ntawv txhawb nqa.

Cov nplaum nplaum: Siv rau txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej nplaum, tuaj yeem hloov cov cheese, ib feem ntawm cov latex, kom cov ntawv luam ntawv yooj yim nkag mus, ntshiab ntug. Nws kuj tseem siv tau ua pigment dispersant, viscosifier thiab stabilizer.

Surface sizing tus neeg saib xyuas: Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose tuaj yeem siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev saum npoo ntawm daim ntawv, txhim kho lub zog ntawm daim ntawv, piv nrog kev siv tam sim no ntawm polyvinyl cawv, hloov cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab tom qab lub zog saum npoo tuaj yeem nce li ntawm 10%, qhov ntau npaum li cas yog txo. li ntawm 30%. Nws yog ib qho kev cog lus saum npoo sizing tus neeg sawv cev rau papermaking, thiab nws cov ntau yam tshiab yuav tsum tau tsim kom nquag plias. Cationic cellulose ether muaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov kev ua tau zoo dua li cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab cationic, tsis tsuas yog tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog ntawm daim ntawv, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem txhim kho tus cwj mem nqus ntawm daim ntawv, nce cov nyhuv dyeing, kuj yog ib qho kev cog lus ntawm tus neeg sawv cev.

3.4 Textile kev lag luam

Hauv kev lag luam textile, cellulose ether tuaj yeem siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev sizing, tus neeg sawv cev qib thiab tus neeg sawv cev thickening rau textile pulp.

Sizing tus neeg sawv cev: cellulose ether xws li sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl cellulose ether, hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl cellulose ether thiab lwm yam yuav siv tau raws li sizing tus neeg saib xyuas, thiab tsis yooj yim rau deteriorate thiab pwm, luam ntawv thiab dyeing, tsis muaj desizing, txhawb dye tuaj yeem tau txais cov xim zoo nkauj. colloid nyob rau hauv dej.

Leveling tus neeg sawv cev: tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog hydrophilic thiab osmotic ntawm cov xim, vim tias qhov hloov pauv viscosity me me, yooj yim kho cov xim sib txawv; Cationic cellulose ether kuj muaj dyeing thiab xim nyhuv.

Thickening tus neeg saib xyuas: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl cellulose ether, hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl cellulose ether tuaj yeem siv los ua luam ntawv thiab dyeing slurry thickening tus neeg saib xyuas, nrog me me residue, siab xim tus yam ntxwv, yog ib chav kawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muaj peev xwm heev.

3.5 Kev lag luam tshuaj hauv tsev

Cov viscosifier ruaj khov: Sodium methylcellulose hauv cov khoom siv hmoov raw khoom paste cov khoom ua si dispersion suspension stability, nyob rau hauv kua los yog emulsion tshuaj pleev ib ce thickening, dispersing, homogenizing thiab lwm yam luag hauj lwm. Nws tuaj yeem siv ua stabilizer thiab viscosifier.

Emulsifying stabilizer: ua tshuaj pleev, tshuaj zawv plaub hau emulsifier, thickening agent thiab stabilizer. Sodium carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose tuaj yeem siv los ua cov tshuaj txhuam hniav nplaum stabilizer, nrog cov khoom zoo thixotropic, kom cov tshuaj txhuam hniav muaj qhov zoo formability, lub sij hawm ntev deformation, uniform thiab ilv saj. Sodium carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ntsev tsis kam, acid kuj yog superior, cov nyhuv yog zoo dua li carboxymethyl cellulose, yuav siv tau raws li detergent nyob rau hauv lub viscosifier, av attachment tiv thaiv tus neeg saib xyuas.

Dispersion thickener: Hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj ntxuav tes, kev siv dav dav ntawm sodium carboxymethyl cellulose ua cov tshuaj detergent detergent av dispersant, kua detergent thickener thiab dispersant.

3.6 Kev lag luam kws tshuaj thiab zaub mov

Hauv kev lag luam kws tshuaj, hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl cellulose tuaj yeem siv los ua cov tshuaj excipients, dav siv nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj tshuaj lub cev pob txha tswj kev tso tawm thiab txhawb kev tso tawm, raws li kev tso tawm thaiv cov khoom siv los tswj cov tshuaj tso tawm, raws li cov txheej txheem txheej txheem tso tawm tus neeg sawv cev, txhawb kev tso tawm pellets. , sustained tso capsules. Feem ntau siv yog methyl carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl carboxymethyl cellulose, xws li MC feem ntau siv rau hauv kev tsim cov ntsiav tshuaj thiab tshuaj ntsiav, los yog coated qab zib-coated ntsiav tshuaj.

Cov qib zoo ntawm cellulose ether tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus, hauv ntau yam khoom noj yog ib qho zoo thickening tus neeg saib xyuas, emulsifier, stabilizer, excipient, dej retaining agent thiab mechanical foaming agent. Methyl cellulose thiab hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose tau raug lees paub tias yog cov khoom tsis muaj teeb meem metabolic inert. High purity (99.5% los yog ntau tshaj purity) carboxymethyl cellulose tuaj yeem muab ntxiv rau cov khoom noj, xws li mis nyuj thiab qab zib cov khoom, condiments, jams, jelly, kaus poom, rooj syrups thiab dej haus. Purity ntawm ntau tshaj 90% carboxymethyl cellulose tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus, xws li siv rau kev thauj mus los thiab khaws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab, cov ntaub qhwv yas muaj cov nyhuv zoo, tsis muaj kuab paug, tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj, yooj yim rau kev tsim khoom zoo.

3.7 Cov khoom siv kho qhov muag thiab hluav taws xob ua haujlwm

Electrolyte thickening stabilizer: vim lub siab purity ntawm cellulose ether, zoo acid kuj, ntsev kuj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hlau thiab hnyav hlau cov ntsiab lus yog tsawg, yog li cov colloid yog heev ruaj khov, haum rau alkaline roj teeb, zinc manganese roj teeb electrolyte thickening stabilizer.

Cov ntaub ntawv siv lead ua kua: Txij li xyoo 1976, thawj qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm hydroxypropyl cellulose - dej system ua kua siv lead ua kua theem, tau pom nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj organic tsim nyog, ntau cov cellulose derivatives hauv siab concentration tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj anisotropic, piv txwv li, hydroxypropyl cellulose thiab nws cov acetate, propionate. , benzoate, phthalate, acetyxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, thiab lwm yam. Ntxiv nrog rau kev tsim colloidal ionic kua siv lead ua kua, qee cov esters ntawm hydroxypropyl cellulose kuj qhia cov cuab yeej no.

Ntau cov cellulose ethers qhia thermotropic kua siv lead ua zog. Acetyl hydroxypropyl cellulose tsim thermogenic cholesteric kua siv lead ua hauv qab 164 ℃. Acetoacetate hydroxypropyl cellulose, trifluoroacetate hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose thiab nws cov derivatives, ethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose, trimethylsiliccellulose thiab butyldimethylsiliccellulose, heptyl cellulose thiab butoxylethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, thiab lwm yam. Qee cov cellulose esters xws li cellulose benzoate, p-methoxybenzoate thiab p-methylbenzoate, cellulose heptanate tuaj yeem tsim cov kua dej thermogenic cholesteric.

Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev: cyanoethyl cellulose etherifying tus neeg sawv cev rau acrylonitrile, nws cov dielectric siab tas li, tsis tshua muaj coefficient, tuaj yeem siv ua phosphorus thiab electroluminescent teeb resin matrix thiab transformer rwb thaiv tsev.

4. Cov lus kaw

Kev siv tshuaj hloov kho kom tau txais cellulose derivatives nrog cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb yog txoj hauv kev zoo los nrhiav kev siv tshiab rau cellulose, qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov organic teeb meem hauv ntiaj teb. Raws li ib qho ntawm cov cellulose derivatives, cellulose ether xws li lub cev tsis muaj teeb meem, tsis muaj kuab lom tsis muaj dej-soluble polymer cov ntaub ntawv vim nws cov khoom zoo heev, tau siv ntau hauv kev lag luam, thiab yuav muaj kev cia siab rau kev loj hlob.