Cov ntsiab lus tshauv ntawm hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC

Raws li kev txheeb cais tsis tiav, tam sim no cov khoom tsim tawm ntawm non-ionic cellulose ether tau mus txog ntau dua 500,000 tons thoob ntiaj teb, thiabHydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMCtso nyiaj rau 80% ntawm 400,000 tons, Tuam Tshoj nyob rau hauv ob xyoos tsis ntev los no, ib tug xov tooj ntawm tuam txhab uas muag tau nthuav ntau lawm muaj peev xwm nthuav dav mus rau tam sim no muaj peev xwm ntawm 180 000 tons, txog 60 000 tons ntawm domestic noj, ntawm no, ntau tshaj 550 lab. tons yog siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam thiab li ntawm 70% yog siv los ua lub tsev additives.

Vim tias qhov sib txawv ntawm kev siv cov khoom, cov tshauv index ntawm cov khoom yuav txawv, yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, lub koom haum ntawm ntau lawm raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm cov qauv sib txawv yog conducive rau cov nyhuv ntawm kev txuag hluav taws xob, txo kev noj thiab emission txo.

1. Cov ntsiab lus tshauv ntawm hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC thiab nws daim ntawv uas twb muaj lawm

Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) cov qauv kev lag luam zoo hu ua cov hmoov tshauv thiab cov tshuaj pharmacopoeia hu ua sulfate, uas yog hlawv cov residue, tuaj yeem nkag siab yooj yim yog cov ntsev inorganic tsis huv hauv cov khoom. Feem ntau yog los ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm cov alkali muaj zog (sodium hydroxide) los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau qhov kev hloov kho zaum kawg ntawm pH rau nruab nrab ntsev thiab cov khoom siv raw khoom qub inorganic ntsev sum.

Txoj kev txiav txim siab tag nrho cov tshauv; Qee cov qauv raug hlawv hauv qhov cub kub kub tom qab carbonization, kom cov ntaub ntawv organic yog oxidized thiab decomposed, khiav tawm hauv daim ntawv ntawm carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides thiab dej, thaum cov ntaub ntawv inorganic tseem nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm sulfate, phosphate, carbonate. , chloride thiab lwm yam inorganic ntsev thiab hlau oxides, cov residues no yog tshauv. Tag nrho cov hmoov tshauv ntawm cov qauv tuaj yeem suav los ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm qhov seem.

Raws li cov txheej txheem hauv kev siv cov kua qaub sib txawv thiab yuav tsim cov ntsev sib txawv: feem ntau yog sodium chloride (los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm chloride ion hauv chloromethane thiab sodium hydroxide) thiab lwm yam acid neutralization tuaj yeem tsim sodium acetate, sodium sulfide lossis sodium oxalate.

2. Cov ntsiab lus tshauv ntawm hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC

Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC feem ntau yog siv rau thickening, emulsifying, film forming, colloid tiv thaiv, dej tuav, adhesion, enzyme kuj thiab metabolic inertia, thiab lwm yam. Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev lag luam, uas yuav roughly muab faib mus rau hauv lub nram qab no yam. :

(1) Kev tsim kho: lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog khaws cov dej, thickening, viscosity, lubrication, ntws los txhim kho cov cement thiab gypsum workability, twj. Architectural coatings, latex coatings yog tsuas yog siv los tiv thaiv colloid, film forming, thickening agent thiab pigment suspension aid.

(2) POLYvinyl chloride: feem ntau yog siv los ua ib qho dispersant hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv polymerization ntawm ncua kev kawm ntawv polymerization system.

(3) cov tshuaj niaj hnub: feem ntau yog siv los ua cov khoom tiv thaiv, nws tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom emulsification, anti-enzyme, dispersion, bonding, deg kev ua si, zaj duab xis tsim, moisturizing, foaming, sib sau, tso tawm tus neeg sawv cev, softener, lubricant thiab lwm yam khoom;

(4) Kev lag luam kws tshuaj: hauv kev lag luam kws tshuaj feem ntau yog siv rau kev npaj ntau lawm, raws li kev npaj khoom ntawm txheej txheej, hollow capsule capsule khoom, binder, rau lub moj khaum ntawm sustained tso cov neeg sawv cev, zaj duab xis tsim, pore-ua tus neeg saib xyuas, raws li ib tug kua, semi-solid npaj ntawm thickening, emulsification, ncua kev kawm ntawv, matrix daim ntawv thov;

(5) ceramics: siv los ua kev sib txuas ua tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov khoom siv ceramic, dispersant ntawm glaze xim;

(6) daim ntawv: dispersion, coloring, ntxiv dag zog rau tus neeg sawv cev;

(7) Textile printing thiab dyeing: ntaub pulp, xim, xim extension tus neeg sawv cev:

(8) hauv kev ua liaj ua teb: siv hauv kev ua liaj ua teb los kho cov noob qoob loo, tuaj yeem txhim kho cov kab mob germination, tuaj yeem moisturize thiab tiv thaiv mildew, txiv hmab txiv ntoo khaws cia, tso tawm cov tshuaj chiv thiab tshuaj tua kab.

Los ntawm cov lus tawm tswv yim ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntev ntev thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qauv kev tswj hwm sab hauv ntawm qee lub tuam txhab txawv teb chaws thiab hauv tsev, nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias tsuas yog qee cov khoom ntawm PVC polymerization thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj txhua hnub yuav tsum muaj ntsev tswj <0.010, thiab cov tshuaj pharmacopoeia. ntau lub teb chaws yuav tsum muaj ntsev tswj <0.015. Thiab lwm yam kev siv ntsev tswj tuaj yeem ua tau dav dua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom siv qib siab ntxiv rau kev tsim cov putty, txheej ntsev muaj qee qhov kev xav tau sab nraud tuaj yeem tswj tau ntsev <0.05 tuaj yeem ua tau raws li kev siv.

3. Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC txheej txheem thiab ntau lawm txoj kev

Muaj peb txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws:

(1) Cov txheej txheem ua kua (slurry method): cov pulverized cellulose hmoov yog dispersed nyob rau hauv li ntawm 10 lub sij hawm ntawm cov organic hnyav nyob rau hauv ntsug thiab kab rov tav reactors nrog muaj zog agitation, thiab ces ib tug quantitative alkali tov thiab etherifying tus neeg saib xyuas yog ntxiv rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov khoom tiav yog ntxuav, qhuav, crushed thiab sieved nrog dej kub.

(2) Gas-phase method (gas-solid method): cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm pulverized cellulose hmoov yog ua tiav nyob rau hauv yuav luag ib nrab qhuav lub xeev los ntawm ncaj qha ntxiv kom muaj nuj nqis lye thiab etherifying tus neeg saib xyuas thiab recovering ib tug tsawg-boiling by-products nyob rau hauv ib tug kab rov tav reactor nrog muaj zog agitation. Tsis tas yuav ntxiv cov kuab tshuaj organic rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov khoom tiav yog ntxuav, qhuav, crushed thiab sieved nrog dej kub.

(3) Homogeneous txoj kev (txoj kev sib cais): kab rov tav tuaj yeem ntxiv ncaj qha tom qab crushing ntawm cellulose nrog lub zog stirring reactor tawg nyob rau hauv naoh / urea (los yog lwm yam kuab tshuaj ntawm cellulose) txog 5 ~ 8 zaug ntawm dej khov hnyav hnyav nyob rau hauv hnyav, ces Ntxiv lye ntau thiab etherifying tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog acetone nag lossis daus cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo cellulose ether, Tom qab ntawd dej kub ntxuav, ziab, sib tsoo, tshuaj ntsuam kom tau cov khoom tiav. (Nws tseem tsis tau muaj nyob rau hauv industrial ntau lawm).

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kawg tsis muaj teeb meem siv hom twg uas tau hais los saum toj no muaj ntau ntsev, raws li cov txheej txheem sib txawv tuaj yeem tsim tau: sodium chloride thiab sodium acetate, sodium sulfide, sodium oxalate, thiab lwm yam sib tov ntsev, xav tau los ntawm desalination, kev siv ntsev hauv cov dej solubility, feem ntau nrog dej kub ntxhua, tam sim no cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb thiab txoj kev ntxuav yog:

(1) Siv lub tshuab nqus tsev lim; Nws yog siv los ntxuav cov ntsev los ntawm cov khoom siv raw rau hauv slurry nrog dej kub thiab tom qab ntawd tso cov slurry sib npaug ntawm cov siv lim los ntawm txau dej kub los ntawm sab saum toj thiab nqus cov hauv qab.

(2) kab rov tav centrifuge: nws los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyoos rau hauv cov dej kub slurry kom dilute yaj ntsev los ntawm dej kub thiab ces los ntawm centrifugal sib cais ntawm cov kua thiab cov khoom sib cais kom tshem tawm ntsev.

(3) nrog lub siab lim, nws los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov khoom siv crude rau hauv slurry nrog dej kub, nws mus rau hauv lub siab lim, ua ntej nrog chav rau tshuab nrog dej kub spray N lub sij hawm thiab tom qab ntawd nrog rau cov cua tshuab. dej cais thiab tshem tawm ntsev.

Cov dej kub ntxuav kom tshem tawm cov ntsev yaj, vim tias yuav tsum tau koom nrog cov dej kub, ntxuav, qhov ntau dua qhov qis dua cov hmoov tshauv, thiab vice versa, yog li nws cov tshauv yog ncaj qha ntsig txog ntau npaum li cas cov dej kub, kev lag luam dav dav. cov khoom lag luam yog cov hmoov tshauv tswj hauv qab 1% siv dej kub 10 tons, yog tias tswj qis dua 5% yuav xav tau txog 6 tons ntawm cov dej kub.

Cellulose ether cov dej khib nyiab chemical oxygen xav tau (COD) yog siab li 60 000 mg / L, cov ntsiab lus ntsev kuj yog ntau tshaj 30 000 mg / L, yog li kev kho cov dej phwj tuaj yeem yuav tsum tau them nqi siab, vim tias cov ntsev siab ncaj qha. biochemistry nyuaj, raws li tam sim no lub teb chaws ib puag ncig kev tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau kev kho mob yog tsis tso cai rau dilute, lub hauv paus daws yog tshem tawm ntsev los ntawm distillation. Yog li ntawd, ib tuj ntawm boiling dej ntxuav yuav ua tau ib tug ntau tuj dej phwj. Raws li kev siv tshuab MUR tam sim no nrog lub zog ua haujlwm siab, evaporation thiab tshem tawm ntsev, tus nqi ntawm txhua qhov kev kho mob ntawm 1 tuj ntawm cov dej ntshiab huv yog kwv yees li 80 yuan, thiab tus nqi tseem ceeb yog kev siv hluav taws xob ntau.

4. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov hmoov tshauv ntawm cov dej tuav ntawm hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC

HPMC feem ntau ua peb lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev tuav dej, thickening thiab yooj yim siv hauv tsev cov ntaub ntawv.

Kev tuav dej: nce lub sijhawm qhib ntawm cov khoom tuav dej, thiab pab txhawb nws cov dej.

Thickening: cellulose tuaj yeem thickened rau ncua kev kawm ntawv, kom cov tshuaj nyob twj ywm ib yam li thiab down lub luag hauj lwm ntawm anti-flow dai.

Kev tsim kho: cellulose muaj cov nyhuv lubrication, tuaj yeem muaj kev tsim kho zoo. HPMC tsis koom nrog yuav ua li cas tshuaj lom neeg tshwm sim, tab sis tsuas yog ua lub luag haujlwm txhawb nqa. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kev tuav dej, uas cuam tshuam rau homogeneity ntawm mortar, thiab tom qab ntawd cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv dag zog thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj khib nyiab. mortar yog muab faib ua masonry mortar thiab plastering mortar yog ob qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv mortar, cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb ntawm masonry mortar thiab plastering mortar yog masonry qauv. Raws li ib qho thaiv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom yog nyob rau hauv qhuav lub xeev, thiaj li yuav txo tau cov qhuav block ntawm muaj zog nqus dej mortar, kev tsim kho adopts lub thaiv ua ntej prewetting, los thaiv tej yam noo noo cov ntsiab lus, khaws noo noo nyob rau hauv mortar. txhawm rau thaiv cov khoom nqus dej ntau dhau, tuaj yeem tswj cov dej hauv cov gelling xws li cov cement mortar. Txawm li cas los xij, cov yam ntxwv xws li kev sib txawv ntawm cov blocks thiab qib ntawm pre-wetting ntawm qhov chaw yuav cuam tshuam rau cov dej poob thiab dej poob ntawm mortar, uas yuav coj teeb meem rau tag nrho cov zoo ntawm masonry qauv. Cov tshuaj khib nrog cov dej tuav tau zoo tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom thaiv thiab tib neeg cov yam ntxwv thiab ua kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb txaus ntawm mortar.

Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov dej tuav ntawm cov cuab yeej hardening ntawm mortar feem ntau yog tshwm sim hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm thaj chaw cuam tshuam ntawm mortar thiab block. Raws li cov mortar nrog cov dej tuav tsis zoo poob dej sai, cov ntsiab lus dej ntawm cov tshuaj khib ntawm qhov chaw sib cuam tshuam yog qhov tsis txaus, thiab cov cement tsis tuaj yeem ua kom muaj dej txaus, uas cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm lub zog. Lub zog sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv cement feem ntau yog nyob ntawm cov nyhuv anchoring ntawm cement hydration khoom. Cov dej tsis txaus ntawm cov cement hauv thaj chaw sib cuam tshuam txo cov kev sib txuas ntawm lub zog ntawm qhov sib txuas, thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm mortar cavitation thiab cracking nce.

Yog li ntawd, xaiv qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev tuav dej tuav lub tsev K hom peb cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov viscosity, los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev ntawm kev ntxuav kom zoo li qub batch naj npawb ob xav tau cov hmoov tshauv, thiab tom qab ntawd raws li txoj kev ntsuas dej tam sim no ( lim ntawv txoj kev ) ntawm tib batch naj npawb sib txawv cov hmoov tshauv ntawm cov dej tuav ntawm peb pawg ntawm cov qauv qhia tshwj xeeb raws li hauv qab no:

4.1 Txoj kev sim rau kev ntsuas dej tuav tus nqi (Filter paper method)

4.1.1 Cov cuab yeej siv thiab cov cuab yeej siv

Cement tov khoom, ntsuas lub tog raj kheej, sib npaug, stopwatch, stainless hlau thawv, diav, stainless hlau nplhaib pwm ( puab txoj kab uas hla φ 100 mm × txheej kab φ 110 mm × siab 25 mm, ceev lim ntawv, qeeb lim ntawv, iav phaj.

4.1.2 Cov khoom siv thiab cov tshuaj reagents

Ordinary Portland cement (425 #), standard xuab zeb (los ntawm cov dej huv tsis muaj av nkos), cov khoom kuaj (HPMC), dej huv rau kev sim (dej kais dej, dej ntxhia).

4.1.3 Kev soj ntsuam tej yam kev mob

Kev ntsuas kub: 23 ± 2 ℃; Cov av noo: ≥ 50%; Kev ntsuas dej kub yog 23 ℃ raws li chav tsev kub.

4.1.4 Kev sim txoj kev

Muab lub iav phaj rau ntawm lub tshuab ua haujlwm, muab cov ntawv lim qeeb (qhov hnyav: M1) rau ntawm nws, thiab tom qab ntawd muab cov ntawv lim ceev rau ntawm daim ntawv lim qeeb, thiab tom qab ntawd muab lub nplhaib hlau pwm rau ntawm daim ntawv lim ceev (lub nplhaib. pwm yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj lub voj voog ceev lim ntawv).

Qhov hnyav (425 #) cement 90 g; Txheem xuab zeb 210 g; Cov khoom (piv txwv) 0.125g; Ncuav rau hauv ib lub thawv stainless hlau, sib tov zoo (qhuav mix) thiab tso tseg.

Siv cov cement paste tov khoom (sib tov lub lauj kaub thiab cov hniav yog huv si thiab qhuav, txhua qhov kev sim tom qab ntxuav tag, qhuav ib zaug, tseg). Siv lub ntsuas lub tog raj kheej ntsuas 72 ml dej huv (23 ℃), ua ntej ncuav rau hauv lub lauj kaub stirring, ces ncuav cov khoom npaj, thiab tsau rau 30 s; Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nqa lub lauj kaub mus rau qhov sib tov, pib lub tov khoom, thiab do ntawm qis ceev (slow stirring) rau 60 s; Nres 15 s scrape cov khoom slurry ntawm lub lauj kaub phab ntsa thiab hniav rau hauv lub lauj kaub; Txuas nrawm nrawm rau 120 s kom nres. Ncuav tag nrho cov mortar sib xyaw rau hauv lub nplhaib stainless hlau pwm sai sai, thiab lub sij hawm txij li lub sijhawm cov mortar hu rau cov ntawv lim ceev (nias lub stopwatch). Tom qab 2 feeb, tig lub nplhaib pwm thiab tshem tawm cov ntawv lim dej kom hnyav (qhov hnyav: M2). Ua raws li cov kev sim saum toj no (qhov hnyav ntawm cov ntawv lim dej ua ntej thiab tom qab qhov hnyav yog M3, M4)

Txoj kev suav yog raws li nram no:

Qhov twg, M1 - qhov hnyav ntawm cov ntawv lim dej ua ntej ua piv txwv; M2 - Qhov hnyav ntawm cov ntawv lim dej tsis tu ncua tom qab kev sim ua qauv; M3 - Qhov hnyav ntawm cov ntawv lim dej ua ntej qhov kev sim tsis muaj; M4 - Qhov hnyav ntawm cov ntawv lim dej tsis tu ncua tom qab kev sim tsis muaj.

4.1.5 Kev ceev faj

(1) Cov dej huv huv yuav tsum yog 23 ℃, qhov hnyav yuav tsum yog qhov tseeb;

(2) Tom qab sib tov, tshem lub lauj kaub sib tov thiab do tusyees nrog ib rab diav.

(3) cov pwm yuav tsum ceev ceev, thiab sab ntawm sab ntawm lub mortar pounded tiaj pounded khoom;

(4) Nco ntsoov lub sijhawm ntawm lub mortar thaum lub sijhawm sib cuag nrog cov ntawv lim nrawm, tsis txhob nchuav cov mortar rau ntawm daim ntawv lim sab nraud.

4.2 tus qauv

Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov dej tuav feem ntau yog los ntawm viscosity, thiab cov viscosity siab yuav phem dua li cov dej khaws cia siab. Qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov hmoov tshauv hauv thaj tsam ntawm 1% ~ 5% yuav luag tsis cuam tshuam rau nws cov dej tuav, yog li nws yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau kev siv nws cov dej tuav dej.

5. Cov lus xaus

Txhawm rau ua kom tus qauv siv tau ntau dua rau kev muaj tiag thiab ua raws li cov qauv hnyav zuj zus ntawm kev txuag hluav taws xob thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, nws tau hais tias:

Cov txheej txheem kev lag luam ntawm hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC muab faib ua qib hauv kev tswj cov tshauv, xws li: qib 1 tswj cov tshauv <0.010, qib 2 tswj tshauv <0.050. Ua li no, cov neeg tsim khoom tuaj yeem xaiv los ntawm lawv tus kheej thiab cov neeg siv tuaj yeem xaiv ntau dua. Lub caij no, cov nqi tuaj yeem raug teeb tsa raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua tau zoo thiab tus nqi sib tw, txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov ntses-qhov muag tsis meej pem thiab tsis meej pem hauv kev ua lag luam. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kev txuag hluav taws xob thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, kom cov khoom tsim thiab ib puag ncig muaj kev sib raug zoo thiab kev sib haum xeeb.