ʻO ka cellulose kūlohelohe kahi polymer paʻakikī ʻo ia ka mea hoʻokumu kumu o nā paia o nā mea kanu. He hana koʻikoʻi kēia polysaccharide i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ikaika, ʻoʻoleʻa a me ke kākoʻo ʻana i nā mea kanu, e hāʻawi ana i ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻiʻo mea kanu.
ʻO ka cellulose kūlohelohe he polysaccharide, he kaʻapona i haku ʻia me nā kaulahao lōʻihi o nā ʻāpana glucose i hoʻopili pū ʻia e nā paʻa β-1,4-glycosidic. ʻO ia kekahi o nā pūhui mea ola nui loa ma ka Honua a loaʻa mua i loko o nā paia cell o nā mea kanu. ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho kūʻokoʻa o nā molekala cellulose e hāʻawi i ka ikaika a me ka lōʻihi o ka mea kanu, e lilo ia i mea koʻikoʻi o ka hana a me ka hana.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka cellulose maoli
ʻO ka ʻāpana kumu o ka cellulose he kaulahao laina o nā molekole β-D-glucose, kahi i hoʻopili ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻāpana glucose i ka ʻāpana glucose aʻe e kahi paʻa β-1,4-glycosidic. Hāʻawi nā β-bonds i ka cellulose i kona ʻano laina laina kūʻokoʻa a me ka lālā ʻole. ʻAʻole e like me ka starch (kekahi polysaccharide i hana ʻia me ka glucose), ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka cellulose e ka hapa nui o nā mea ola ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā beta-linkages, ʻaʻole hiki i nā enzymes e like me amylase ke haki.
Hoʻokumu hou ʻia nā ʻāpana glucose i nā kaulahao cellulose i mau kaulahao pololei lōʻihi i paʻa pū ʻia e nā paʻa hydrogen intermolecular. Hāʻawi kēia mau mea paʻa i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā microfibrils, kahi e hōʻuluʻulu hou aʻe e hana i nā hale nui i kapa ʻia ʻo cellulose fibers. ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o kēia mau fiber e hāʻawi i ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī i ke kanu ʻana i nā paia cell.
Puna o ka fiber maoli
mea kanu:
ʻO ka lāʻau: Ua waiwai ka lāʻau i ka cellulose a he kumu nui ia no nā noi ʻoihana.
Ka pulupulu: ʻO ka pulupulu pulupulu he cellulose maʻemaʻe, e hana ana i ka pulupulu kekahi o nā kumu kūlohelohe maoli o kēia polymer.
Hemp: E like me ka pulupulu, ʻo ka fiber hemp ka mea nui i haku ʻia me ka cellulose.
Algae:
Aia kekahi mau ʻano algae i ka cellulose i loko o ko lākou mau paia keena, kahi e kōkua ai i ka paʻa o ke kūkulu ʻana o kēia mau meaola kiʻi kiʻi.
bacteria:
Hoʻopuka kekahi mau huakini i ka cellulose, e hana ana i kahi papa pale i kapa ʻia he biofilm. Loaʻa i kēia cellulose bacteria nā waiwai kūʻokoʻa e waiwai ai i nā ʻano hana like ʻole.
Biosynthesis o ka cellulose
Loaʻa ka biosynthesis cellulose i loko o ka membrane plasma o nā mea kanu. ʻO ke kaʻina hana e pili ana i ka enzyme complex cellulose synthase, ka mea e hoʻolalelale i ka polymerization o nā ʻāpana glucose i loko o nā kaulahao cellulose. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia kēia mau kaulahao i waho o ka membrane plasma a hana i nā microfibrils i loko o ka paia cell.
Nā waiwai o ka cellulose maoli
Hiki ʻole
Ma muli o kona ʻano crystalline kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka cellulose i ka wai a me ka hapa nui o nā solvents organik.
Hydrophilicity:
ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, loaʻa i ka cellulose nā waiwai hydrophilic, e ʻae iā ia e komo a mālama i ka wai.
Hiki i ka biodegradability:
ʻO ka cellulose ka biodegradable a no laila ke aloha kaiapuni. Loaʻa i nā microorganisms e like me ka bacteria a me nā haʻani nā enzymes e wāwahi i ka cellulose i nā pūhui maʻalahi.
Ka ikaika mīkini:
ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho kūʻokoʻa o nā molekala cellulose e hāʻawi i nā fibers cellulose i ka ikaika mechanical maikaʻi, e kūpono iā lākou no nā ʻano noi.
Nā noi o ka cellulose maoli
lole lole:
ʻO ka pulupulu ka mea nui i ka cellulose a ʻo ia ka mea nui no ka ʻoihana textile.
Pepa a me ka pulp:
He waiwai nui ka pulp lāʻau i ka cellulose a hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i ka pepa a me ke kāleka.
Nā noi biomedical:
Loaʻa ka cellulose bacterial i nā noi i nā ʻaʻahu ʻeha, ʻenekinia kiko, a me ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau ma muli o kona biocompatibility a me nā waiwai kūʻokoʻa.
ʻoihana meaʻai:
Hoʻohana ʻia nā derivatives cellulose, e like me carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), i ka ʻoihana meaʻai e like me nā mānoanoa a me nā stabilizers.
Biofuels:
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka biomass cellulosic i mea hānai no ka hana ʻana i nā biofuels, e hāʻawi ana i ka ikehu hoʻomau.
Nā pilikia a me nā mea e hiki mai ana
ʻOiai ʻo kona versatility, aia nā pilikia i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hoʻohana cellulose. ʻO nā ʻano hana hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka biodegradability a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana o nā mea pili i ka cellulose nā wahi o ka noiʻi mau. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka holomua o ka biotechnology ke hiki i ka ʻenekinia o nā mea kanu me nā hale cellulose i hoʻololi ʻia no nā noi ʻoihana kūikawā.
ʻO ka cellulose kūlohelohe kahi polymer e like me nā paia o nā mea kanu a he koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi i ka hana ʻana i nā waiwai kino o nā mea kanu. Loaʻa kona ʻano kūʻokoʻa ma muli o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā ʻāpana glucose i hoʻopili ʻia e nā paʻa β-1,4-glycosidic, e hāʻawi ana i nā ʻiʻo mea kanu i ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī. Hele mai ka Cellulose mai nā kumu like ʻole, mai ka lāʻau a i ka pulupulu a i ka cellulose bacteria, e hāʻawi ana i nā noi versatile i nā ʻano ʻoihana ʻoihana.
Ke hoʻomau nei ka ʻenehana a me ka biotechnology i mua, ke hoʻonui nei ka ʻimi ʻana o ka cellulose. Mai ka hoʻohana kuʻuna i ka textiles a me ka pepa a hiki i nā noi hou i ka ʻenekini biomedical a me ka ikehu hoʻomau, noho mau ka cellulose kūlohelohe i mea koʻikoʻi loa. He mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kona ʻano, nā waiwai a me nā kumu no ka wehe ʻana i ka mana piha o kēia polymer kupaianaha e hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia a me nā pono o kahi honua e ulu wikiwiki nei.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-26-2023