He aha ka pilina ma waena o DS a me ke kaumaha molekala o Sodium CMC

ʻO ka sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) he polymer hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai i loaʻa mai ka cellulose, he polysaccharide kūlohelohe i loaʻa i loko o nā paia o nā mea kanu. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i nā ʻoihana like ʻole, me ka meaʻai, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā mea hoʻonaninani, nā textiles, a me ka ʻaila ʻaila, ma muli o kāna mau waiwai a me nā hana.

ʻO ke kūkulu a me nā pono o ka sodium CMC:

Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo CMC e ka hoʻololi kemika o cellulose, kahi i hoʻokomo ʻia ai nā hui carboxymethyl (-CH2-COOH) i ka iwi kuamoʻo cellulose ma o ka etherification a i ʻole esterification reactions. ʻO ke degere o ka hoʻololi ʻana (DS) e pili ana i ka helu awelika o nā pūʻulu carboxymethyl no kēlā me kēia ʻāpana glucose i ke kaulahao cellulose. Loaʻa nā waiwai DS mai ka 0.2 a i ka 1.5, ma muli o nā kūlana synthesis a me nā waiwai i makemake ʻia o ka CMC.

ʻO ke kaumaha molekala o CMC e pili ana i ka nui awelika o nā kaulahao polymer a hiki ke hoʻololi nui ʻia ma muli o nā kumu e like me ke kumu o ka cellulose, ke ʻano synthesis, nā kūlana pane, a me nā ʻenehana hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia ke kaumaha molekala e nā ʻāpana e like me ka helu-average molecular weight (Mn), ke kaumaha-average molecular weight (Mw), a me ka viscosity-average molecular weight (Mv).

ʻO ka hui ʻana o ka sodium CMC:

ʻO ka synthesis o CMC ka mea maʻamau i ka hopena o ka cellulose me ka sodium hydroxide (NaOH) a me ka waikawa chloroacetic (ClCH2COOH) a i ʻole kona paʻakai sodium (NaClCH2COOH). Hoʻomaka ka hopena ma o ka hoʻololi nucleophilic, kahi e hana ai nā hui hydroxyl (-OH) ma ka iwi kuamoʻo cellulose me nā pūʻulu chloroacetyl (-ClCH2COOH) e hana i nā hui carboxymethyl (-CH2-COOH).

Hiki ke hoʻomalu ʻia ka DS o CMC ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ratio molar o ka chloroacetic acid i cellulose, ka manawa pane, ka mahana, ka pH, a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe i ka wā synthesis. Loaʻa maʻamau nā koina DS kiʻekiʻe me ka ʻoi aku ka nui o ka waika chloroacetic a me nā manawa ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi.

Hoʻopili ʻia ka paona molekala o CMC e nā ʻano like ʻole, me ka puʻunaue kaumaha molekala o ka mea cellulose hoʻomaka, ka nui o ka degradation i ka wā synthesis, a me ke degere o ka polymerization o nā kaulahao CMC. Hiki i nā ʻano hana synthesis ʻokoʻa a me nā ʻano hopena ke hopena i ka CMC me nā ʻano like ʻole o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke kaumaha molekala a me ka nui awelika.

Ka pilina ma waena o DS a me ke kaumaha Molecular:

ʻO ka pilina ma waena o ke degere o ka hoʻololi ʻana (DS) a me ke kaumaha molekala o ka sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) he paʻakikī a hoʻololi ʻia e nā kumu he nui e pili ana i ka synthesis CMC, ka hale, a me nā waiwai.

1. Ka hopena o DS ma luna o ke kaumaha Molecular:
   • ʻO nā koina DS kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i nā kaumaha molekala haʻahaʻa o CMC. ʻO kēia no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā koina DS kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā hui carboxymethyl ma luna o ka iwi kuamoʻo cellulose, e alakaʻi ana i nā kaulahao polymer pōkole a me nā kaumaha molekala haʻahaʻa ma ka awelika.
   • ʻO ka hoʻokomo ʻana o nā pūʻulu carboxymethyl e hoʻopau i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka hydrogen intermolecular ma waena o nā kaulahao cellulose, ka hopena i ka ʻoki kaulahao a me ka ʻāpana i ka wā synthesis. Hiki i kēia kaʻina hana hoʻohaʻahaʻa ke alakaʻi i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ke kaumaha molekala o CMC, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā koina DS kiʻekiʻe a me nā hopena ākea.
   • ʻO ka ʻokoʻa, pili nā koina DS haʻahaʻa me nā kaulahao polymer lōʻihi a me nā kaumaha molekala kiʻekiʻe ma ka awelika. ʻO kēia no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā pūʻulu carboxymethyl i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana glucose, e ʻae ana i nā ʻāpana lōʻihi o nā kaulahao cellulose i hoʻololi ʻole ʻia e noho paʻa.
2. Ka hopena o ke kaumaha Molekula ma DS:
   • Hiki i ke kaumaha molekala o CMC ke hoʻololi i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻololi i loaʻa i ka wā synthesis. Hiki ke hāʻawi i nā paena reactive hou aʻe no nā hopena carboxymethylation, e ʻae ana i kahi pae kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻololi ʻana ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana.
   • Eia nō naʻe, hiki i nā kaumaha molekala kiʻekiʻe o ka cellulose ke keʻakeʻa i ka hiki ʻana o nā pūʻulu hydroxyl no ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā hopena, e alakaʻi ana i ka carboxymethylation a i ʻole kūpono ʻole a me nā waiwai DS haʻahaʻa.
   • Hoʻohui ʻia, hiki i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke kaumaha molecular o ka mea cellulose hoʻomaka ke hoʻopili i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā waiwai DS i ka huahana CMC hopena. Hiki i nā heterogeneities i loko o ke kaumaha molekala ke hopena i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka reactivity a me ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka wā synthesis, e alakaʻi ana i kahi ākea ākea o nā waiwai DS i ka huahana CMC hope loa.

Ka hopena o DS a me Molecular Weight ma nā waiwai a me nā noi CMC:

1. Nā ʻano Rheological:
   • Hiki i ke degere o ka ho'ololi 'ana (DS) a me ke kaumaha molekala o CMC ke ho'ololi i kona mau waiwai rheological, me ka viscosity, shear thinning behavior, and gel formation.
   • ʻO nā waiwai DS kiʻekiʻe ka hopena i nā viscosity haʻahaʻa a me nā ʻano pseudoplastic (shear thinning) ma muli o nā kaulahao polymer pōkole a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa molecular entanglement.
   • ʻO ka mea like ʻole, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā waiwai DS haʻahaʻa a me nā paona molekala kiʻekiʻe e hoʻonui i ka viscosity a hoʻonui i ka ʻano pseudoplastic o nā hoʻonā CMC, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka mānoanoa a me nā waiwai hoʻokuʻu.
2. ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe wai a me ke ʻano o ka pehu:
   • ʻO ka CMC me nā koina DS kiʻekiʻe e hōʻike ana i ka nui o ka hoʻoheheʻe wai a me ka wikiwiki o ka hydration ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o nā pūʻulu hydrophilic carboxymethyl ma nā kaulahao polymer.
   • Eia nō naʻe, hiki i nā koina DS kiʻekiʻe loa ke hoʻemi i ka hoʻoheheʻe wai a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana gel, ʻoi aku ka nui ma nā ʻano kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ke alo o nā cations multivalent.
   • Hiki i ke kaumaha molekala o CMC ke hoʻopili i kona ʻano pehu a me nā waiwai paʻa wai. ʻOi aku ka nui o ke kaumaha o ka molekala i ka lohi o ka hydration a me ka nui o ka hiki ke paʻa i ka wai, hiki ke kūpono i nā noi e koi ana i ka hoʻokuʻu mau ʻana a i ʻole ka mālama ʻana i ka wai.
3. Nā waiwai hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me nā mea pale:
   • ʻO nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni CMC i hoʻokumu ʻia mai nā ʻoluʻolu a i ʻole ka hoʻopuehu ʻana e hōʻike ana i nā waiwai pale e kūʻē i ka oxygen, ka makū, a me nā kinoea ʻē aʻe, e kūpono ai no ka hoʻopili ʻana a me nā noi uhi.
   • Hiki i ka DS a me ke kaumaha mole o CMC ke hoʻoikaika i ka ikaika mechanical, hiki ke maʻalahi, a me ka permeability o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Hiki ke alakaʻi i nā waiwai DS kiʻekiʻe a me nā kaumaha molekala haʻahaʻa i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni me ka ikaika tensile haʻahaʻa a me ka permeability kiʻekiʻe ma muli o nā kaulahao polymer pōkole a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i nā pilina intermolecular.
4. Nā noi ma nā ʻoihana like ʻole:
   • Loaʻa ka CMC me nā waiwai DS like ʻole a me nā paona molekala i nā noi i nā ʻoihana like ʻole, e like me ka meaʻai, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā mea hoʻonaninani, nā textiles, a me ka wili ʻaila.
   • I ka ʻoihana meaʻai, hoʻohana ʻia ʻo CMC ma ke ʻano he mānoanoa, stabilizer, a me ka emulsifier i nā huahana e like me nā kīʻaha, nā lole, a me nā mea inu. ʻO ke koho o ka papa CMC e pili ana i ke ʻano makemake, ka waha, a me nā koi kūpaʻa o ka huahana hope.
   • I loko o nā ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau, lawelawe ʻo CMC ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopaʻa, disintegrant, a me ka mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni i loko o nā papa, capsules, a me nā hoʻokuʻu waha. Hiki i ka DS a me ke kaumaha molekala o CMC ke hoʻololi i nā kinetics hoʻokuʻu lāʻau, bioavailability, a me ka hoʻomanawanui.
   • I ka ʻoihana hoʻonaninani, hoʻohana ʻia ʻo CMC i nā ʻaila, lotion, a me nā huahana mālama lauoho e like me ka mānoanoa, stabilizer, a me ka moisturizer. ʻO ke koho o ka papa CMC e pili ana i nā mea e like me ke ʻano, ka hoʻolaha, a me nā ʻano sensory.
   • I ka ʻoihana hoʻoheheʻe ʻaila, hoʻohana ʻia ʻo CMC i nā wai wili e like me ka viscosifier, ka mea hoʻokele wai hoʻoheheʻe, a me ka mea pale shale. Hiki i ka DS a me ka paona molekala o CMC ke hoʻopili i kāna hana i ka mālama ʻana i ka paʻa o ka luawai, kaohi ʻana i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka wai, a me ke kāohi ʻana i ka pehu ʻana o ka pālolo.

Ka hopena:

ʻO ka pilina ma waena o ke degere o ka hoʻololi ʻana (DS) a me ke kaumaha molekala o ka sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) he paʻakikī a hoʻololi ʻia e nā kumu he nui e pili ana i ka synthesis CMC, ka hale, a me nā waiwai. ʻO nā koina DS kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i nā paona molekala haʻahaʻa o CMC, ʻoiai nā koina DS haʻahaʻa a me nā paona molekala kiʻekiʻe e hopena i nā kaulahao polymer lōʻihi a me nā kaumaha molekala kiʻekiʻe ma ka awelika. He mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia pilina no ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā waiwai a me ka hana ʻana o CMC i nā noi like ʻole ma waena o nā ʻoihana, me nā meaʻai, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā mea hoʻonaninani, nā textiles, a me ka ʻaila ʻaila. Pono ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala hou ʻana e wehewehe i nā ʻano kumu a hoʻopaʻa pono i ka synthesis a me ke ʻano o ka CMC me ka DS i hoʻohālikelike ʻia a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke kaumaha molekula no nā noi kikoʻī.