He aha ka Tio2 ?

TiO2, i hoopau pinepine ia maiTitanium dioxide, he hui nui me ka nui o nā noi ma nā ʻoihana like ʻole. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia mea, i haku ʻia me ka titanium a me ka oxygen atoms ma muli o kāna mau waiwai kūʻokoʻa a me nā hoʻohana like ʻole. Ma kēia ʻimi ʻimi holoʻokoʻa, e ʻimi mākou i ke ʻano, nā waiwai, nā ʻano hana, nā noi, nā noʻonoʻo kūlohelohe, a me nā mea e hiki mai ana o ka titanium dioxide.

Kapili a me ka Hui

Loaʻa i ka Titanium dioxide kahi ʻano kemika maʻalahi: TiO2. ʻO kona ʻano molekala he hoʻokahi titanium atom i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ʻelua oxygen atoms, e hana ana i kahi lattice crystalline paʻa. Aia ka pūhui i loko o nā polymorphs, me nā ʻano maʻamau he rutile, anatase, a me brookite. Hōʻike kēia mau polymorph i nā ʻano hana aniani like ʻole, e alakaʻi ana i nā ʻano like ʻole o kā lākou waiwai a me nā noi.

ʻO Rutile ka ʻano thermodynamically paʻa loa o ka titanium dioxide a ua ʻike ʻia e kona kiʻekiʻe refractive index a me ka opacity. ʻO Anatase, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, he metastable akā loaʻa iā ia ka hana photocatalytic kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka rutile. ʻO Brookite, ʻoiai ʻaʻole maʻamau, kaʻana like me ka rutile a me ka anatase.

Waiwai

Hāʻawi ka Titanium dioxide i kahi plethora o nā waiwai kupaianaha e pono ai i nā ʻoihana he nui:

1. Keʻokeʻo: Kaulana ʻia ka Titanium dioxide no kona keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, ʻo ia ka mea i loaʻa mai kona ʻano kuhikuhi refractive kiʻekiʻe. Hiki i kēia waiwai ke hoʻopuehu maikaʻi i nā kukui ʻike ʻia, e loaʻa ai nā hue keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo.
2. Opacity: Ua puka mai kona opacity mai kona hiki ke hoʻomoe a hoʻopuehu i ka malamalama me ka pono. ʻO kēia waiwai ka mea i koho maikaʻi ʻia no ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka opacity a me ka uhi ʻana i nā pena, nā uhi, a me nā plastics.
3. UV Absorption: Hōʻike ka Titanium dioxide i nā waiwai pale-UV maikaʻi loa, e lilo ia i mea waiwai nui i nā pale lā a me nā pale pale UV. Hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻo ia i ka radiation UV pōʻino, pale i nā mea i lalo mai ka hōʻino ʻana a me nā pōʻino i hoʻoiho ʻia e UV.
4. Paʻa Kemika: ʻAʻole kemika ʻo TiO2 a kūpaʻa i ka hapa nui o nā kemika, nā waikawa, a me nā alkalis. Mālama kēia kūpaʻa i kona lōʻihi a paʻa i nā noi like ʻole.
5. Nā Hana Photocatalytic: ʻO kekahi mau ʻano o ka titanium dioxide, ʻoi aku ka anatase, hōʻike i ka hana photocatalytic ke ʻike ʻia i ke kukui ultraviolet (UV). Hoʻohana ʻia kēia waiwai i ka hoʻoponopono kaiapuni, hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai, a me nā uhi hoʻomaʻemaʻe ponoʻī.

Hana Hana

ʻO ka hana ʻana o ka titanium dioxide ma ke ʻano he ʻelua mau ʻano kumu: ka hana sulfate a me ke kaʻina chloride.

1. Ke Kaʻina Hana Sulfate: ʻO kēia kaʻina hana e pili ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā ores me ka titanium, e like me ka ilmenite a i ʻole rutile, i loko o ka puaʻa titanium dioxide. Hoʻohana mua ʻia ka ʻaila me ka sulfuric acid e hana i kahi hopena titanium sulfate, a laila hydrolyzed e hana i ka titanium dioxide precipitate. Ma hope o ka calcination, hoʻololi ʻia ka ea i loko o ka puaʻa hope.
2. Kaʻina Chloride: Ma kēia kaʻina hana, hoʻopili ʻia ka titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) me ka oxygen a i ʻole ka mahu wai i nā wela kiʻekiʻe e hana i nā ʻāpana titanium dioxide. ʻOi aku ka maʻemaʻe o ka puaʻa i loaʻa a loaʻa iā ia nā waiwai optical ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka titanium dioxide i loaʻa i ke kaʻina sulfate.

Nā noi

Loaʻa ka Titanium dioxide i nā noi nui ma nā ʻoihana like ʻole, ma muli o kāna mau waiwai nui:

1. Nā Pena a me nā Kāpena: ʻO Titanium dioxide ka puaʻa keʻokeʻo i hoʻohana nui ʻia i loko o nā pena, nā uhi, a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke kūkulu hale ma muli o kona opacity, ʻōlinolino, a me ka lōʻihi.
2. Plastics: Hoʻohui ʻia ia i loko o nā huahana plastik like ʻole, me ka PVC, polyethylene, a me ka polypropylene, e hoʻonui ai i ka opacity, ka pale UV, a me ka keʻokeʻo.
3. Mea Hoʻomaʻamaʻa: ʻO TiO2 kahi mea maʻamau i loko o nā mea hoʻonaninani, nā huahana mālama ʻili, a me nā hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka lā ma muli o kāna mau mea pale UV a me ke ʻano ʻawaʻawa ʻole.
4. Meaʻai a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau: lawelawe ia ma ke ʻano he puaʻa keʻokeʻo a me ka opacifier i nā huahana meaʻai, nā papa lāʻau lapaʻau, a me nā capsules. Ua ʻae ʻia ka titanium dioxide meaʻai no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma nā ʻāina he nui, ʻoiai aia nā hopohopo e pili ana i kona palekana a me nā pilikia olakino.
5. Photocatalysis: Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau ʻano o ka titanium dioxide i nā noi photocatalytic, e like me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka ea a me ka wai, nā ʻili hoʻomaʻemaʻe ponoʻī, a me ka hoʻohaumia ʻana.
6. Keramika: Hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka hana ʻana i nā aniani seramika, nā tile, a me ka porcelain e hoʻonui ai i ka opacity a me ke keʻokeʻo.

Noonoo Kaiapuni

ʻOiai ke hāʻawi nei ka titanium dioxide i nā pōmaikaʻi he nui, ʻo kāna hana ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana e hāpai i nā hopohopo kaiapuni:

1. Hoʻohana i ka ikehu: ʻO ka hana ʻana o ka titanium dioxide e koi maʻamau i nā wela kiʻekiʻe a me nā mea hoʻokomo ikehu nui, e hāʻawi ana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ke kinoea ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka hopena o ke kaiapuni.
2. Hana ʻino: Hoʻopuka nā kaʻina hana sulfate a me ka chloride i nā huahana a me nā kahawai ʻōpala, hiki ke loaʻa i nā haumia a koi aku i ka hoʻolei ʻana a i ʻole ka mālama ʻana i mea e pale ai i ka haumia o ke kaiapuni.
3. Nanoparticles: Nanoscale titanium dioxide particles, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka sunscreen a me ka hoʻokalakala ʻana, e hoʻāla i nā hopohopo e pili ana i ko lākou hiki ke ʻona a me ka hoʻomau ʻana o ke kaiapuni. Hōʻike nā haʻawina e hiki i kēia mau nanoparticles ke hoʻopilikia i nā kaiaola wai a me ke olakino kanaka inā hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ke kaiapuni.
4. Nānā Hoʻoponopono: ʻO nā keʻena hoʻoponopono ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, e like me ka US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) a me ka European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), e nānā pono i ka hana, hoʻohana, a me ka palekana o ka titanium dioxide e hoʻēmi i nā pilikia kūpono a hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kānāwai kūlohelohe a me ke olakino. .

Nā Manaʻo e hiki mai ana

Ke hoʻomau nei ka lehulehu i ka hoʻomau a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni, ʻo ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka titanium dioxide e pili ana i ka hana hou a me ka holomua ʻenehana.

1. Nā Kaʻina Hana ʻōmaʻomaʻo: Ke nānā aku nei nā hana noiʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻano hana hoʻomohala ʻoi aku ka hoʻomau a me ka ikehu no ka titanium dioxide, e like me nā kaʻina photocatalytic a me ka electrochemical.
2. Nā Mea Hana Nanostructured: Hiki i nā holomua i ka nanotechnology ke hoʻolālā a me ka synthesis o nā mea nanostructured titanium dioxide me nā waiwai i hoʻonui ʻia no nā noi i ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu, catalysis, a me ka ʻenehana biomedical.
3. ʻO nā ʻano ʻē aʻe biodegradable: Ke hoʻomaka nei ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā mea ʻokoʻa biodegradable a me nā mea ʻokoʻa e pili ana i nā pua puaʻa titanium dioxide maʻamau, me ka manaʻo e hōʻemi i ka hopena o ke kaiapuni a e hoʻoponopono i nā hopohopo e pili ana i ka nanoparticle toxicity.
4. ʻO ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā loina hoʻokele waiwai, me ka hana hou ʻana a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka ʻōpala, hiki ke hōʻemi i ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka waiwai a hoʻemi i ka wāwae o ka kaiapuni o ka hana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka titanium dioxide.
5. Ka Hoʻokō Hoʻoponopono a me ka Palekana: ʻO ka hoʻomau ʻana i ka noiʻi ʻana i ka hopena o ke kaiapuni a me ke olakino o nā nanoparticles titanium dioxide, i hui pū ʻia me ka mākaʻikaʻi hoʻoponopono koʻikoʻi, pono e hōʻoia i ka hoʻohana palekana a me ke kuleana ma waena o nā ʻoihana like ʻole.

I ka hopena, kū ka titanium dioxide ma ke ʻano he hui multifaceted me ka nui o nā noi a me nā hopena. ʻO kāna mau waiwai kūʻokoʻa, i hui pū ʻia me ka noiʻi ʻana a me ka hana hou, hoʻohiki e hoʻohālikelike i kāna kuleana i nā ʻoihana like ʻole i ka wā e kamaʻilio ana i nā hopohopo kaiapuni a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā hana hoʻomau no ka wā e hiki mai ana.