He aha ka Polyanionic cellulose (PAC)

ʻO ka polyanionic cellulose (PAC) he mea hoʻololi kemika o ka cellulose, he polymer maoli i loaʻa i loko o nā paia o nā mea kanu. Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Cellulose me nā ʻāpana glucose hou i hoʻopili ʻia e nā paʻa beta-1,4-glycosidic, e hana ana i nā kaulahao lōʻihi. ʻO ia kekahi o nā pūhui mea ola nui loa ma ka Honua a lawelawe ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mea hana i nā mea kanu. Hoʻohui ʻia ka polyanionic cellulose mai ka cellulose ma o ke ʻano o nā hopena kemika e hoʻokomo i nā hui anionic ma luna o ka iwi kuamoʻo cellulose. Hāʻawi kēia mau pūʻulu anionic iā PAC i kāna mau waiwai kūʻokoʻa a hoʻolilo iā ia i mea waiwai i nā noi ʻoihana like ʻole.

1. Keʻano kemika a me ka Synthesis:
Hana ʻia ka polyanionic cellulose e ka etherification a i ʻole esterification o cellulose. I ka wā etherification, hoʻololi ʻia nā pūʻulu hydroxyl (-OH) ma nā kaulahao cellulose me nā pūʻulu ether, maʻamau ka hui carboxymethyl (-CH2COOH) a i ʻole carboxyethyl (-CH2CH2COOH). Hoʻokomo kēia kaʻina hana i nā hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻole ma luna o ka iwi kuamoʻo cellulose, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai a hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻole. Hiki ke ho'omalu 'ia ke degere o ka ho'ololi 'ana (DS), e pili ana i ka helu awelika o nā pū'ulu hydroxyl i ho'ololi 'ia no kēlā me kēia 'āpana glucose, no ka ho'ololi 'ana i nā waiwai o PAC no nā noi kiko'ī.

2. Pono:
ʻO ka wai hoʻoheheʻe wai: ʻO kekahi o nā waiwai koʻikoʻi o ka PAC ʻo ia ka hoʻoheheʻe wai, e kū mai ana mai ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā hui anionic. ʻO kēia solubility ka PAC maʻalahi e mālama a hoʻokomo i loko o nā ʻōnaehana wai.
Rheological Control: Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo PAC no kona hiki ke hoʻololi i nā waiwai rheological o nā wai. Hiki iā ia ke hana ma ke ʻano he mea mānoanoa, hoʻonui i ka viscosity a me ka mālama ʻana i ka kahe wai. He waiwai nui kēia waiwai i nā ʻoihana e like me ka ʻaila ʻaila, kahi i hoʻohana ʻia ai ka PAC i ka ʻeli ʻana i nā ʻalae e mālama i ka paʻa o ka luawai a me ka mālama ʻana i ka nalowale o ka wai.
Mana Manawa: Hiki i ka PAC ke hana ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomalu kānana, e kōkua ana i ka pale ʻana i ka nalowale o nā mea paʻa i ka wā o ka kānana. Pono kēia waiwai i nā ʻoihana e like me ka mining a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wai.
pH Stability: Hōʻike ka PAC i ke kūpaʻa ma luna o kahi ākea pH ākea, e hāʻawi ana i kāna versatility i nā noi like ʻole.
Hoʻohālikelike: Ua kūpono ʻo PAC me nā ʻano kemika ʻē aʻe a me nā mea hoʻohui i hoʻohana mau ʻia i nā kaʻina hana ʻoihana.

3. Nā noi:
ʻOihana ʻaila a me ke kinoea: Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka PAC i ka ʻoihana ʻaila a me ke kinoea, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā wai wili (muds). He viscosifier ia, ka mea hoʻoheheʻe wai, a me ka shale inhibitor, e kōkua ana i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā hana wili a mālama pono i ka pono.
Hana: Ma ka ʻoihana kūkulu, hoʻohana ʻia ʻo PAC i nā noi cementing e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai rheological o nā slurries sima. Hoʻonui ia i ka pumpability, hoʻemi i ka nalowale o ka wai, a hoʻonui i ka ikaika paʻa cement.
ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau: ʻike ʻo PAC i nā noi i loko o nā ʻano hana lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopaʻa i ka hana ʻana i ka papa a ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻololi viscosity i nā ʻano wai.
Meaʻai a me nā mea inu: Ma ka ʻoihana meaʻai a me ka mea inu, hoʻohana ʻia ʻo PAC ma ke ʻano he stabilizer, thickener, a me ka emulsifier i nā huahana like ʻole, me nā meaʻai, nā lole, a me nā huahana dairy.
Nā huahana mālama pilikino: Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo PAC i loko o nā huahana mālama pilikino e like me nā shampoos, conditioners, a me nā lotions no kāna mau mea mānoanoa a hoʻopaʻa.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa wai: Hoʻohana ʻia ka PAC i nā kaʻina hana mālama wai ma ke ʻano he flocculant a me ke kōkua coagulant no ka wehe ʻana i nā mea paʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a me nā mea ola mai ka wai.

4.Environmental noonoo:
ʻOiai hāʻawi ʻo PAC i nā pono he nui i nā noi ʻoihana, hiki i kāna hana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana ke hāpai i nā hopohopo kaiapuni. ʻO ka hoʻololi kemika o cellulose e hana i ka PAC e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā reagents a me nā kaʻina hana ikaika. Eia hou, hiki i ka hoʻolei ʻana i nā huahana i loaʻa i ka PAC ke kōkua i ka haumia o ke kaiapuni inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia nā hana hoʻokele ʻōpala. No laila, ke hoʻomaka nei nā hana e hoʻomohala i nā ʻano hana hoʻomau no ka synthesis o PAC a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka hana hou ʻana a i ʻole biodegradation o nā huahana PAC.

Manaʻo ka noi no ka polyanionic cellulose e hoʻomau i ka ulu ʻana ma waena o nā ʻoihana like ʻole ma muli o kāna mau waiwai a me nā ʻano o nā noi. Hoʻoikaika ʻia nā hana noiʻi i ka hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻana i ka hana a me ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka PAC, ka ʻimi ʻana i nā ala synthesis novel, a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea ʻokoʻa eco-friendly. Eia kekahi, ke hoʻonui nei ka hoihoi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka PAC i nā kahua e kū mai ana e like me ka biomedicine a me ka ikehu hou. Ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, noho mau ka polyanionic cellulose i polymer waiwai a koʻikoʻi i nā kaʻina hana ʻenehana hou, me nā holomua holomua e kuhikuhi ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i kāna pono me ka hōʻemi ʻana i kona wāwae kaiapuni.

ʻO ka polyanionic cellulose (PAC) he mea hoʻololi kemika o ka cellulose me nā waiwai kūʻokoʻa e waiwai ai ia i ka nui o nā noi ʻoihana. Mai ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā waiwai wai i ka ʻaila ʻaila a hiki i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana o nā ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau, hana koʻikoʻi ka PAC i nā ʻāpana he nui. Eia nō naʻe, e like me nā huahana kemika, pono e noʻonoʻo i ka hopena o ke kaiapuni o ka hana PAC a me ka hoʻohana ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i nā hopena hoʻomau. ʻOiai nā paʻakikī, hoʻomau ka noiʻi a me ka hana hou e hoʻonui i nā hiki a me nā noi o polyanionic cellulose, e hōʻoia ana i kona pili ʻana i nā ʻoihana like ʻole no nā makahiki e hiki mai ana.