He aha ka hydrocolloid?

ʻO ka hydrocolloids ka mea maʻamau i nā molekole kaulahao lōʻihi i loaʻa kahi ʻāpana hydrophilic (wai hoʻoheheʻe) a loaʻa paha nā ʻāpana hydrophobic (wai-repelling). Hiki ke kiʻi ʻia kēia mau mole mai nā kumu kūlohelohe a i ʻole synthetic a hiki ke hana i nā gels a i ʻole dispersion viscous ke hoʻopuehu ʻia i loko o ka wai a i ʻole ka wai.

Eia kekahi mau ʻano hydrocolloids maʻamau a me kā lākou mau kumu:

1. Polysaccharides:
   • Agar: No loko mai o ka limu, aia ka agar i ka agarose a me ka agaropectin, ʻo ia nā polysaccharides i haku ʻia me nā ʻāpana hana hou o ka galactose a me nā kola galactose i hoʻololi ʻia.
   • Alginate: Loaʻa mai ka algae ʻeleʻele, ʻo ka alginate he polysaccharide i haku ʻia me ka waika mannuronic a me nā ʻāpana ʻakika guluronic, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i nā kaʻina ʻokoʻa.
   • Pectin: Loaʻa i loko o nā paia cell o nā huaʻai, ʻo ka pectin he polysaccharide paʻakikī i haku ʻia me nā ʻāpana galacturonic acid me nā pae like ʻole o ka methylation.
2. Polokina:
   • Gelatin: Loaʻa mai ka collagen, gelatin he proteinaceous hydrocolloid i haku ʻia me nā amino acids, ka nui o glycine, proline, a me hydroxyproline.
   • Casein: Loaʻa i ka waiū, casein kahi hui o nā phosphoproteins e hana ana i nā hydrocolloids i mua o nā ion calcium ma lalo o nā kūlana acidic.
3. ʻO nā Polymers Synthetic:
   • ʻO Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC): He polymer semi-synthetic i loaʻa mai ka cellulose, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka HPMC e hoʻokomo i nā hui hydroxypropyl a me methyl ma ka iwi kuamoʻo.
   • Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC): Loaʻa mai ka cellulose, CMC e hana i ka carboxymethylation e hoʻokomo i nā pūʻulu carboxymethyl i ka hale cellulose.

Loaʻa i kēia mau hydrocolloids nā hana kemika kūikawā a me nā pūʻulu hana e hiki ai iā lākou ke launa pū me nā molekole wai ma o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka hydrogen, nā pilina electrostatic, a me nā ikaika hydration. ʻO ka hopena, hōʻike lākou i nā waiwai rheological kūʻokoʻa, e like me ka viscosity, gelation, a me nā mana hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni, e lilo ai lākou i mea waiwai i nā ʻano hana ʻoihana like ʻole, me ka meaʻai, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā mea hoʻonaninani, a me nā textiles.