Noiʻi e pili ana i ka ʻenehana noiʻi o ka Cellulose Ether a me ka Admixture i ka Mortar

ʻO ka cellulose ether, hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka mortar. E like me ke ʻano o ka cellulose etherified,cellulose eteraHe pili i ka wai, a ʻo kēia pūhui polymer he wai maikaʻi loa ka absorption a me ka hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i ka wai, hiki ke hoʻoponopono maikaʻi i ke kahe ʻana o ka mortar, ka manawa hana pōkole, stickiness, etc. ʻAʻole lawa ka ikaika knot a me nā pilikia ʻē aʻe he nui.

Me ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ka ʻoihana kūkulu honua a me ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ka noiʻi ʻana i nā mea kūkulu hale, ua lilo ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka mortar i mea hiki ʻole ke pale aku. Ma muli o ka nui o nā pōmaikaʻi i loaʻa ʻole i ka mortar kuʻuna, ua lilo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mortar pāʻoihana i mea maʻamau i nā kūlanakauhale nui a me waena o koʻu ʻāina. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pilikia ʻenehana.

ʻO ka mortar fluidity kiʻekiʻe, e like me ka mortar reinforcement, nā mea hoʻoheheʻe cement-based, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ma muli o ka nui o ka wai hoʻohaʻahaʻa wai i hoʻohana ʻia, e hoʻoulu i ke koko koʻikoʻi a hoʻopilikia i ka hana piha o ka mortar; He mea koʻikoʻi loa ia, a hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui i ka hana ma muli o ka nalowale o ka wai i kahi manawa pōkole ma hope o ka hui ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi he pōkole loa ka manawa hana; Eia kekahi, no ka mortar i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, inā ʻaʻole lawa ka mana o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai, e hoʻopili ʻia ka nui o ka Moisture e ka matrix, e hopena i ka hapa wai o ka mortar hoʻopaʻa, a no laila ʻaʻole lawa ka hydration, ka hopena i ka emi ʻana o ka ikaika a ka emi ana o ka ikaika hui.

Eia kekahi, ʻo nā admixtures ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana pani no ka sima, e like me ka lehu lele, granulated blast furnace slag powder (mineral powder), silica fume, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia manawa. Ma ke ʻano he mau huahana a me nā ʻōpala, inā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana pono ʻia ka mea hoʻohui ʻia, e noho a luku ʻia ka ʻāina i ka hoʻohui ʻia, a e hoʻohaumia nui ʻia ke kaiapuni. Inā hoʻohana pono ʻia nā admixtures, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomaikaʻi i kekahi mau waiwai o ka pahu a me ka momi, a hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia ʻenekinia o ka pahu a me ka mortar i kekahi mau noi. No laila, ʻo ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o nā admixtures he mea pono i ke kaiapuni a me nā pono ʻoihana.

Nui nā haʻawina i hana ʻia ma ka home a me nā ʻāina ʻē e pili ana i ka hopena o ka cellulose ether a me nā admixtures ma ka mortar, akā aia nō ka nele o ke kūkākūkā e pili ana i ka hopena o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea ʻelua.

I loko o kēia pepa, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻohui koʻikoʻi i loko o ka mortar, cellulose ether a me admixture i ka mortar, a ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia ke kānāwai hoʻoikaika piha o nā ʻāpana ʻelua o ka mortar i ka wai a me ka ikaika o ka mortar ma o nā hoʻokolohua. Ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ʻano a me ka nui o ka cellulose ether a me nā admixtures i ka hoʻāʻo, ua ʻike ʻia ka mana o ka wai a me ka ikaika o ka mortar (ma kēia pepa, ʻo ka ʻōnaehana gelling test e hoʻohana nui i kahi ʻōnaehana binary). Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me HPMC, ʻaʻole kūpono ʻo CMC no ka mānoanoa a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wai o nā mea sima-ma muli o ka sima. Hiki i ka HPMC ke hoʻemi nui i ka wai o ka slurry a hoʻonui i ka nalowale i ka manawa ma ke ʻano haʻahaʻa (ma lalo o 0.2%). E ho'ēmi i ka ikaika o ke kino mortar a e ho'ēmi i ka ratio hoʻoemi-a-fold. ʻO ka wai piha a me nā koi ikaika, ʻoi aku ka kūpono o ka ʻike HPMC ma O. 1%. Ma ke ʻano o ka admixtures, he hopena ko ka lehu lele i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka wai o ka slurry, a ʻaʻole maopopo ka mana o ka pauka slag. ʻOiai hiki i ka silica fume ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa maikaʻi i ke koko, hiki ke nalowale ka wai i ka wā he 3%. . Ma hope o ka noʻonoʻo piha ʻana, ua hoʻoholo ʻia i ka wā e hoʻohana ʻia ai ka lehu lele i loko o ka structural or reinforced mortar me nā koi o ka paʻakikī paʻakikī a me ka ikaika mua, ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe loa ka dosage, ʻo ka nui o ka dosage ma kahi o 10%, a ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana. ka pahū, ua hoʻohui ʻia i 20%. Hiki iā ‰ ke hoʻokō pono i nā koi; e noʻonoʻo ana i nā mea e like me ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka leo paʻa o ka pauka mineral a me ka silica fume, pono e hoʻomalu ʻia ma lalo o 10% a me 3%. ʻAʻole i hoʻopili nui ʻia nā hopena o nā admixtures a me cellulose ethers a loaʻa nā hopena kūʻokoʻa.

Eia kekahi, e pili ana i ka manaʻo ikaika o Feret a me ka coefficient hana o nā mea hoʻohui, ke hāpai nei kēia pepa i kahi ala wanana hou no ka ikaika compressive o nā mea hoʻokumu ʻia. Ma ke kūkākūkā ʻana i ka coefficient hana o nā mea hoʻohui mineral a me ka manaʻo ikaika o Feret mai ka manaʻo o ka leo a me ka nānā ʻole ʻana i ka pilina ma waena o nā mea hoʻohui like ʻole, ua hoʻoholo kēia ʻano he nui nā hopena o ka admixtures, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai a me ka hoʻohui ʻana. He kumu alakaʻi maikaʻi ke kānāwai mana o (motar) ikaika.

Ma o ka hana ma luna aʻe nei, ua huki kēia pepa i kekahi mau manaʻo manaʻo a me nā hopena kūpono me kekahi waiwai kuhikuhi.

Hua'ōlelo: cellulose ether,ka wai o ka mortar, ka hiki ke hana, ka hui ʻana o ka mineral, ka wānana ikaika

Mokuna 1 Hoolauna

1.1commodity mortar

1.1.1ʻO ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka mortar kalepa

Ma ka ʻoihana hale kūkulu hale o koʻu ʻāina, ua loaʻa i ka ʻuala ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻoihana kūʻai, a ke piʻi aʻe nei ke kūʻai aku ʻana o ka mortar i ke kiʻekiʻe a kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku hoʻi no nā morta kūikawā like ʻole, koi ʻia nā mea hana me nā mana ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe e hōʻoia i nā morta like ʻole. Ua kūpono nā hōʻailona hana. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka mortar ʻoihana i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: ka mortar mākaukau a me ka mortar maloʻo. ʻO ka mortar i hoʻomākaukau ʻia ʻo ia ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka mortar i ke kahua kūkulu ma hope o ka hui ʻana me ka wai e ka mea hoʻolako ma mua e like me nā koi o ka papahana, ʻoiai ua hana ʻia ka mortar maloʻo e ka mea hana mortar ma o ka hui ʻana a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā mea cementitious. aggregates a me nā mea hoʻohui e like me kekahi ratio. E hoʻohui i kahi nui o ka wai i ke kahua kūkulu a hui ʻia ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana.

Nui nā nāwaliwali o ka hoʻohana ʻana a me ka hana ʻana o ka mortar kuʻuna. No ka laʻana, ʻaʻole hiki i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o nā mea maka a me ka hui ʻana ma ka pūnaewele ke hoʻokō i nā koi o ke kūkulu civili a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni. Eia kekahi, ma muli o nā kūlana kūkulu hale a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe, maʻalahi ka hana ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka mortar paʻakikī e hōʻoiaʻiʻo, a ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa ka hana kiʻekiʻe. moka. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka mortar maʻamau, loaʻa i ka mortar pāʻoihana kekahi mau mea maikaʻi. ʻO ka mea mua, he maʻalahi kona maikaʻi e hoʻomalu a hōʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kāna hana, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia kāna mau ʻano, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka manaʻo i nā koi ʻenehana. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka mortar maloʻo ʻEulopa i nā makahiki 1950, a ke kākoʻo ikaika nei koʻu ʻāina i ka noi ʻana i ka mortar kalepa. Ua hoʻohana mua ʻo Shanghai i ka mortar pāʻoihana i ka makahiki 2004. Me ka hoʻomohala mau ʻana o ke kaʻina hana urbanization o koʻu ʻāina, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa ma ka mākeke kūlanakauhale, ʻaʻole e hiki ke hoʻololi i ka mortar pāʻoihana me nā pono like ʻole e pani i ka mortar kuʻuna.

1.1.2ʻO nā pilikia i loaʻa i ka mortar pāʻoihana

ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mortar kūʻai ma mua o ka mortar kuʻuna, aia nō ka nui o nā pilikia ʻenehana e like me ka mortar. High fluidity mortar, e like me ka reinforcement mortar, cement-based grouting material, etc., he koi kiʻekiʻe loa i ka ikaika a me ka hana hana, no laila, nui ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā superplasticizers, kahi e hoʻoulu ai i ke koko koʻikoʻi a pili i ka mortar. Hana piha; a no kekahi mau mīkini palaki, no ka mea, ua maʻalahi lākou i ka nalowale o ka wai, ua maʻalahi ka emi ʻana o ka hana ma muli o ka nalowale o ka wai i ka manawa pōkole ma hope o ka hui ʻana, a pōkole loa ka manawa hana: , no ka mea, ma ke ʻano o ka mortar hoʻopaʻa ʻana, ua maloʻo pinepine ka matrix hoʻopaʻa. I ke kaʻina hana, ma muli o ka lawa ʻole o ka mortar e mālama i ka wai, e hoʻopili ʻia ka nui o ka wai e ka matrix, e hopena i ka nele o ka wai kūloko o ka mortar hoʻopaʻa a lawa ʻole ka hydration. ʻO ke ʻano o ka emi ʻana o ka ikaika a me ka emi ʻana o ka ikaika adhesive.

I ka pane ʻana i nā nīnau i luna, hoʻohana nui ʻia kahi mea hoʻohui koʻikoʻi, cellulose ether, i ka mortar. E like me ke ʻano o ka cellulose etherified, cellulose ether ka pili i ka wai, a ʻo kēia pūhui polymer he mea maikaʻi loa ka absorption wai a me ka hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka wai, hiki ke hoʻoponopono maikaʻi i ke kahe koko, ka manawa hana pōkole, stickiness, etc. pilikia.

Eia kekahi, ʻo nā admixtures ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana pani no ka sima, e like me ka lehu lele, granulated blast furnace slag powder (mineral powder), silica fume, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia manawa. ʻIke mākou ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea hoʻohui i nā huahana o nā ʻoihana e like me ka mana uila, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ke kila, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka ferrosilicon a me ka silicon industrial. Inā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana piha ʻia, ʻo ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā mea hoʻohui e noho a luku i kahi ʻāina nui a hoʻopilikia nui. haumia kaiapuni. Ma ka lima ʻē aʻe, inā hoʻohana pono ʻia nā admixtures, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia kekahi mau waiwai o ka ʻuala a me ka mīkini, a hiki ke hoʻoponopono maikaʻi ʻia kekahi mau pilikia ʻenekinia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pahu a me ka mortar. No laila, ʻo ka hoʻohana ākea o nā admixtures he mea pono i ke kaiapuni a me ka ʻoihana. he pomaikai.

1.2Cellulose ethers

ʻO ka cellulose ether (cellulose ether) he pūhui polymer me ka hana ether i hana ʻia e ka etherification o cellulose. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia apo glucosyl i loko o nā macromolecules cellulose ʻekolu mau pūʻulu hydroxyl, kahi hui hydroxyl mua ma ke ono o ke kalapona kalapona, kahi hui hydroxyl lua ma ka lua a me ke kolu o nā kalapona kalapona, a ua pani ʻia ka hydrogen i loko o ka pūʻulu hydroxyl e kahi pūʻulu hydrocarbon e hana i ka cellulose ether. nā mea hoʻopuka. mea. ʻO ka cellulose kahi polyhydroxy polymer pūhui ʻaʻole e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻaʻole hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, akā hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka cellulose i ka wai, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka hopena alkali a me ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kūlohelohe ma hope o ka etherification, a he thermoplasticity kekahi.

Lawe ʻo Cellulose ether i ka cellulose maoli ma ke ʻano he mea maka a hoʻomākaukau ʻia e ka hoʻololi kemika. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ia i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: ionic a me non-ionic ma ke ʻano ionized. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka kemika, ka ʻaila, ke kūkulu ʻana, ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ka keramika a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. .

1.2.1Hoʻokaʻawale i nā cellulose ethers no ke kūkulu ʻana

ʻO ka cellulose ether no ke kūkulu ʻana he huaʻōlelo maʻamau no nā ʻano huahana i hana ʻia e ka hopena o ka cellulose alkali a me ka etherifying agent ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana. Hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻano like ʻole o ka cellulose ethers ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka cellulose alkali me nā mea etherifying ʻokoʻa.

1. E like me ka ionization waiwai o nā substituents, cellulose ethers hiki ke maheleia i elua mahele: ionic (e like me carboxymethyl cellulose) a me ka non-ionic (e like me methyl cellulose).

2. E like me nā ʻano o nā mea pani, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ether cellulose i nā ethers hoʻokahi (e like me ka methyl cellulose) a me nā ethers i hui pū ʻia (e like me ka hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose).

3. E like me ka like ole solubility, ua maheleia i ka wai-soluble (e like me ka hydroxyethyl cellulose) a me ka organic solvent solubility (e like me ka ethyl cellulose), etc. ʻO keʻano noi nui i loko o ka mortar maloʻo maloʻo he wai-soluble cellulose,ʻoiai ka wai. -soluble cellulose Ua māhele ʻia i ke ʻano koke a me ke ʻano dissolution lohi ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻili.

1.2.2 Ka wehewehe ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hana o ka cellulose ether i loko o ka mortar

ʻO ka cellulose ether kahi mea hoʻohui nui e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai o ka mortar maloʻo maloʻo, a ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea hoʻohui kī e hoʻoholo ai i ke kumukūʻai o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe maloʻo.

1. Ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ka cellulose etera i loko o ka wai, ʻo ka ʻoihana kūʻokoʻa e hōʻoia i ka hoʻopuehu ʻia o ka cementitious i ka ʻōnaehana slurry, a me ka cellulose etera, e like me ka colloid pale, hiki ke "encapsulate" i nā mea paʻa. , Hoʻokumuʻia kahi kiʻi lubricating ma kaʻaoʻao o waho, a hiki i ka lubricating film ke hana i ke kino mortar i ka thixotropy maikaʻi. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka paʻa o ka leo ma ke kūlana kū, a ʻaʻohe mea ʻino e like me ke kahe ʻana a i ʻole ka stratification o nā mea māmā a me nā mea kaumaha, ʻo ia ka mea e paʻa ai ka ʻōnaehana mortar; ʻoiai i loko o ke kūlana hana hoʻonāukiuki, e pāʻani ka cellulose ether i ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka ʻako ʻana o ka slurry. ʻO ka hopena o ke kūpaʻa ʻokoʻa e loaʻa i ka mortar ka wai maikaʻi a me ka maʻalahi i ka wā o ke kūkulu ʻana i ka wā o ka hui ʻana.

2. Ma muli o nā hiʻohiʻona o kāna ʻano molekala ponoʻī, hiki i ka cellulose ether solution ke mālama i ka wai a ʻaʻole maʻalahi e nalowale ma hope o ka hui ʻana i loko o ka pahū, a e hoʻokuʻu mālie ʻia i kahi manawa lōʻihi, e hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa hana o ka mortar. a hāʻawi i ka mortar i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai maikaʻi a me ka hana.

1.2.3 He mau mea koʻikoʻi o ke kūkulu hale cellulose ethers

1. Methyl Cellulose (MC)

Ma hope o ka mālama ʻia ʻana o ka pulupulu hoʻomaʻemaʻe me ka alkali, hoʻohana ʻia ka methyl chloride ma ke ʻano he etherifying agent e hana ai i ka cellulose ether ma o ke ʻano o nā hopena. ʻO ka degere pani maʻamau ʻo 1. Heʻe 2.0, ʻokoʻa ke degere o ka hoʻololi ʻana a ʻokoʻa hoʻi ka solubility. No ka non-ionic cellulose ether.

2. Hydroxyethyl Cellulose (HEC)

Hoʻomākaukau ʻia ma ka hana ʻana me ka ethylene oxide ma ke ʻano he etherifying agent i mua o ka acetone ma hope o ka mālama ʻia ʻana o ka pulupulu hoʻomaʻemaʻe me ka alkali. ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻololi ʻana he 1.5 a 2.0. Loaʻa iā ia ka hydrophilicity ikaika a maʻalahi ke komo i ka wai.

3. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)

ʻO ka Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kahi ʻano cellulose nona ka hoʻopuka a me ka hoʻohana wikiwiki ʻana i nā makahiki i hala. He cellulose non-ionic i hui ʻia eter i hana ʻia mai ka pulupulu hoʻomaʻemaʻe ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka alkali, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka propylene oxide a me ka methyl chloride ma ke ʻano he etherifying agents, a ma o ke ʻano o nā hopena. ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻololi ʻana he 1.2 a 2.0. ʻOkoʻa kona mau waiwai e like me ka ratio o ka methoxyl content a me ka hydroxypropyl content.

4. Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)

Hoʻomākaukau ʻia ʻo Ionic cellulose ether mai nā fiber maoli (ka pulupulu, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka alkali, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka sodium monochloroacetate ma ke ʻano he etherifying agent, a ma o ke ʻano o nā ʻano lapaʻau. ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻololi ʻana he 0.4-d. 4. Hoʻopilikia nui ʻia kāna hana e ka pae o ka hoʻololi ʻana.

Ma waena o lākou, ʻo ke kolu a me ka hā o nā ʻano cellulose ʻelua i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia hoʻokolohua.

1.2.4 Kūlana Hoʻomohala o ka ʻoihana Cellulose Ether

Ma hope o nā makahiki o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ua lilo ka mākeke cellulose ether i nā ʻāina i hoʻomohala ʻia, a ʻo ka mākeke i nā ʻāina e ulu ana i ka ulu ulu, e lilo ia i mea hoʻoikaika nui no ka ulu ʻana o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka cellulose ether honua i ka wā e hiki mai ana. I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui o ka mana o ka cellulose ether ma mua o 1 miliona tons, me ka helu ʻana o ʻEulopa no 35% o ka nui o ka hoʻohana honua, ukali ʻia e Asia a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. ʻO Carboxymethyl cellulose ether (CMC) ka mea kūʻai nui, ʻo ia ka 56% o ka huina, a ukali ʻia e ka methyl cellulose ether (MC/HPMC) a me ka hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEC), ʻo ia ka 56% o ka huina. 25% a me 12%. ʻO ka ʻoihana cellulose ether haole ka hoʻokūkū nui. Ma hope o ka nui o ka hoʻohui ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hopena i loko o kekahi mau hui nui, e like me Dow Chemical Company a me Hercules Company ma United States, Akzo Nobel i Netherlands, Noviant ma Finland a me DAICEL ma Iapana, etc.

ʻO koʻu ʻāina ka mea hana nui loa a me ka mea kūʻai aku i ka cellulose ether, me ka awelika o ka ulu ʻana o ka makahiki ma mua o 20%. Wahi a nā helu helu mua, aia ma kahi o 50 mau ʻoihana hana cellulose ether ma Kina. Ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mana hana o ka ʻoihana cellulose ether ma mua o 400,000 tons, a aia ma kahi o 20 mau ʻoihana me ka nui o 10,000 tons, aia ma Shandong, Hebei, Chongqing a me Jiangsu. , Zhejiang, Shanghai a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe. I ka makahiki 2011, he 300,000 tons ka mana hana CMC o Kina. Me ka piʻi nui ʻana o ka noi no nā cellulose ethers kiʻekiʻe i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, meaʻai, kemika i kēlā me kēia lā a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ke piʻi nei ka noi home no nā huahana cellulose ether ʻē aʻe ma mua o CMC. ʻOi aku ka nui, ʻo ka mana o MC/HPMC ma kahi o 120,000 tons, a ʻo ka hiki o HEC ma kahi o 20,000 tons. Aia ʻo PAC i ka pae o ka hoʻolaha a me ka noi ʻana ma Kina. Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā māla aila nui o waho a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea kūkulu hale, nā meaʻai, nā kemika a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, ke hoʻonui nei ka nui a me ka māla o PAC i kēlā me kēia makahiki, me ka nui o ka hana ma mua o 10,000 tons.

1.3E noiʻi e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cellulose ether i ka mortar

E pili ana i ka noiʻi noiʻi ʻenekinia o cellulose ether i ka ʻoihana kūkulu, ua alakaʻi nā loea kūloko a me nā haole i kahi helu nui o ka noiʻi hoʻokolohua a me ka nānā ʻana i nā mīkini.

1.3.1Hoʻopuka pōkole o ka noiʻi haole e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cellulose ether i ka mortar

ʻO Laetitia Patural, Philippe Marchal a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ma Palani i kuhikuhi i ka cellulose ether i ka hopena nui i ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka mortar, a ʻo ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike ke kī, a ʻo ke kaumaha mole ke kī e hoʻomalu ai i ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai a me ke kūlike. Me ka piʻi ʻana o ka paona molekala, e emi ana ke koʻikoʻi o ka hua, piʻi ka paʻa, a piʻi ka hana paʻa wai; akā, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hopena o ka molar substitution degree (pili i ka ʻike o ka hydroxyethyl a i ʻole hydroxypropyl) i ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka mortar maloʻo. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ka mālama ʻana o ka wai i nā cellulose ethers me nā degere molar haʻahaʻa.

ʻO kahi hopena koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka mīkini paʻa wai he mea koʻikoʻi nā waiwai rheological o ka mortar. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai nā hopena hoʻāʻo ʻana, no ka mortar maloʻo i hui pū ʻia me ka ratio wai-cement paʻa a me nā mea hoʻohui, ʻo ka hana paʻa ʻana o ka wai maʻamau e like me kona kūlike. Eia naʻe, no kekahi mau cellulose ethers, ʻaʻole maopopo ke ʻano; Eia kekahi, no ka starch ethers, aia kahi ʻano like ʻole. ʻAʻole ʻo ka viscosity o ka hui hou ka mea hoʻohālikelike no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai.

ʻO Laetitia Patural, Patrice Potion, et al., Me ke kōkua o ka pulsed field gradient a me nā ʻenehana MRI, ua ʻike ʻia ka neʻe ʻana o ka wai ma ke kikowaena o ka mortar a me ka substrate unsaturated e hoʻohui ʻia i kahi liʻiliʻi o CE. ʻO ka nalowale o ka wai ma muli o ka hana capillary ma mua o ka hoʻopuehu wai. Hoʻoponopono ʻia ka neʻe ʻana o ka wai e ka hana capillary e ka substrate micropore pressure, a ma ka huli ʻana e hoʻoholo ʻia e ka nui micropore a me Laplace theory interfacial tension, a me ka wai viscosity. Hōʻike kēia i nā waiwai rheological o ka hopena aqueous CE ke kī i ka hana paʻa wai. Eia nō naʻe, kūʻē kēia kuhiakau i kekahi manaʻo ʻae (ʻaʻole i like ka maikaʻi o nā tackifiers e like me ka polyethylene oxide kiʻekiʻe a me ka starch ethers).

Jean. ʻO Yves Petit, Erie Wirquin et al. hoʻohana i ka cellulose ether ma o nā hoʻokolohua, a ʻo kāna 2% solution viscosity mai 5000 a 44500mpa. S mai MC a me HEMC. Huli:

1. No ka helu paʻa o CE, ʻo ke ʻano o ka CE he mana nui i ka viscosity o ka mortar adhesive no nā tile. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka hoʻokūkū ma waena o CE a me ka pauka polymer dispersible no ka adsorption o nā ʻāpana sima.

2. He hopena koʻikoʻi ka adsorption hoʻokūkū o CE a me ka pauka rubber i ka manawa hoʻonohonoho a me ka spalling i ka manawa o ke kūkulu ʻana he 20-30min.

3. Hoʻopili ʻia ka ikaika paʻa e ka hui ʻana o CE a me ka pauka rubber. Inā ʻaʻole hiki i ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni CE ke pale i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka makū ma ke kikowaena o ka tile a me ka mortar, e emi ana ka adhesion ma lalo o ka hoʻōla wela kiʻekiʻe.

4. Pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana a me ka launa pū ʻana o CE a me ka pauka polymer dispersible i ka wā e hoʻolālā ai i ka hapa o ka mortar adhesive no nā tile.

ʻO LSchmitzC o Kelemānia. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo J. Dr. H(a)cker ma ka ʻatikala he kuleana koʻikoʻi ko HPMC a me HEMC i ka cellulose ether i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai i loko o ka palaki maloʻo. Ma waho aʻe o ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka wai paʻa o ka cellulose ether, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻohana i nā cellulose ethers i hoʻololi ʻia e hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻomaikaʻi a hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai hana o ka mortar a me nā waiwai o ka mortar maloʻo a paʻakikī.

1.3.2Hoʻopuka pōkole o ka noiʻi kūloko e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cellulose ether i ka mortar

Ua aʻo ʻo Xin Quanchang mai Xiʻan University of Architecture and Technology i ka mana o nā polymers like ʻole ma kekahi mau waiwai o ka mortar hoʻopaʻa ʻana, a ʻike ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pauka polymer dispersible a me ka hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi wale i ka hana o ka mortar hoʻopaʻa. hiki ke hoemiia kekahi hapa o ke kumukuai; Hōʻike nā hopena hoʻāʻo i ka wā e hoʻomalu ʻia ai ka ʻike o ka pauka latex redispersible ma 0.5%, a ʻo ka ʻike o ka hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether e hoʻomalu ʻia ma 0.2%, ʻo ka mortar i hoʻomākaukau ʻia ke kūpaʻa i ke kulou. a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ikaika o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, a loaʻa ka maʻalahi a me ka plasticity.

Ua hōʻike ʻo Polofesa Ma Baoguo mai ke Kulanui o ʻenehana ʻo Wuhan i ka cellulose ether i maopopo ka hopena retardation, a hiki ke hoʻopili i ke ʻano o nā huahana hydration a me ke ʻano pore o ka slurry sima; Hoʻopili nui ʻia ka cellulose ether ma ka ʻili o nā ʻāpana sima e hana i kahi hopena pale. Hoʻopilikia ia i ka nucleation a me ka ulu ʻana o nā huahana hydration; ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ke kāohi nei ka cellulose ether i ka neʻe ʻana a me ka laha ʻana o nā ion ma muli o kona ʻano viscosity e hoʻonui i ka hopena, a laila e hoʻopaneʻe i ka hydration o ka sima i kekahi ʻano; ʻO ka cellulose ether ka paʻa alkali.

Ua hoʻoholo ʻo Jian Shouwei mai ke Kulanui o ʻenehana ʻo Wuhan e ʻike nui ʻia ke kuleana o CE i ka mortar ma nā ʻano ʻekolu: ka mana paʻa wai maikaʻi, ka hopena i ka paʻa ʻana o ka mortar a me ka thixotropy, a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka rheology. ʻAʻole wale ʻo CE e hāʻawi i ka mortar maikaʻi hana hana, akā no ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka wela hydration o ka sima a hoʻopaneʻe i ke kaʻina hydration kinetic o ka sima, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ma muli o nā hihia hoʻohana like ʻole o ka mortar, aia nō nā ʻokoʻa i kāna hana loiloi. .

Hoʻohana ʻia ka mortar hoʻololi ʻia ʻo CE ma ke ʻano o ka mortar thin-layer i kēlā me kēia lā maloʻo-mix mortar (e like me ka binder brick, putty, thin-layer plastering mortar, etc.). Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia kēia hale kūʻokoʻa me ka wikiwiki o ka wai o ka mortar. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka noiʻi nui e pili ana i ka paʻa ʻana o ka tile maka, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka noiʻi ʻana i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka mortar i hoʻololi ʻia CE.

Ua loaʻa iā Su Lei mai ke Kulanui ʻenehana ʻo Wuhan ma o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka nui o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai, ka poho wai a me ka manawa hoʻonohonoho o ka mortar i hoʻololi ʻia me ka cellulose ether. Hoʻemi mālie ka nui o ka wai, a hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka manawa coagulation; ke hiki ka nui o ka wai i O. Ma hope o 6%, ʻaʻole maopopo hou ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka nui o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai a me ka nalowale o ka wai, a ua aneane pālua ʻia ka manawa hoʻonohonoho; a ʻo ka hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua o kona ikaika compressive e hōʻike ana i ka wā i emi iho ai ka ʻike o ka cellulose ether ma mua o 0.8%, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka cellulose ether ma mua o 0.8%. ʻO ka hoʻonui e hoʻemi nui i ka ikaika compressive; a ma ke ʻano o ka hana hoʻopaʻa ʻana me ka papa momi sima, O. Ma lalo o 7% o ka maʻiʻo, hiki i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka ʻike o ka cellulose ether ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka ikaika hoʻopaʻa.

ʻO Lai Jianqing o Xiamen Hongye Engineering Construction Technology Co., Ltd. i kālailai a hoʻoholo i ka helu kūpono o ka cellulose ether i ka wā e noʻonoʻo ai i ka nui o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai a me ka helu helu kūlike ʻo 0 ma o nā hoʻokolohua e pili ana i ka pae paʻa wai, ikaika a me ka ikaika paʻa o ʻO ka mīkini hoʻoheheʻe wela EPS. 2%; ʻO ka cellulose ether he hopena ikaika e komo ai i ka ea, kahi e hoʻemi ai i ka ikaika, ʻoi aku ka emi ʻana o ka ikaika paʻa tensile, no laila ua ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻohana pū me ka pauka polymer redispersible.

Ua alakaʻi ʻo Yuan Wei lāua ʻo Qin Min o Xinjiang Building Materials Research Institute i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana a me ka noiʻi noiʻi o cellulose ether i loko o ka pahu pahu. Hōʻike nā hopena hoʻāʻo e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo HPMC i ka hana paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka pahu pahu hou a hoʻemi i ka nui o ka pohō wai o ka pahu pahu paʻakikī; Hiki i ka HPMC ke ho'ēmi i ka nalo ʻana o ka ʻūhā hou a hoʻemi i ka naʻau o ka hui ʻana i ka wela. ; E hoʻemi nui ka HPMC i ka ikaika compressive o ka pahu pahu. Ma lalo o nā kūlana ho'ōla kūlohelohe, hiki i kahi nui o ka HPMC ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika o ka specimen i kekahi ʻano.

Ua hōʻike ʻo Li Yuhai o Wacker Polymer Materials Co., Ltd. i ke ʻano a me ka nui o ka pauka latex, ke ʻano o ka cellulose ether a me ke ʻano hoʻōla i ka hopena nui i ke kūʻē ʻana o ka mortar plastering. He mea ʻole ka hopena o ka cellulose ethers i ka ikaika o ka hopena i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka ʻike polymer a me nā kūlana hoʻōla.

Ua hoʻohana ʻo Yin Qingli o AkzoNobel Specialty Chemicals (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. iā Bermocoll PADl, he papa polystyrene i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka cellulose ether, no ka hoʻokolohua, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka mīkini hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe pā waho waho. Hiki i ka Bermocoll PADl ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika paʻa ma waena o ka mortar a me ka papa polystyrene me ka hoʻohui i nā hana āpau o cellulose ether. ʻOiai i ka hihia haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaikaʻi wale i ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai a me ka hana o ka mortar hou, akā hiki nō hoʻi ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka ikaika hoʻopaʻa kumu a me ka ikaika hoʻopaʻa wai kūpaʻa ma waena o ka mortar a me ka papa polystyrene ma muli o ka heleuma kū hoʻokahi. ʻenehana. . Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hopena o ka palaki a me ka hana hoʻopaʻa ʻana me ka papa polystyrene. No ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i kēia mau waiwai, pono e hoʻohana ʻia ka pauka latex redispersible.

Ua kālailai ʻo Wang Peiming mai ke Kulanui ʻo Tongji i ka mōʻaukala hoʻomohala ʻana o ka mortar pāʻoihana a kuhikuhi i ka cellulose ether a me ka pauka latex i ka hopena ʻole i ka hopena o ka hana e like me ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai, ka flexural a me ka ikaika compressive, a me ka modulus elastic o ka pauka maloʻo pāʻoihana.

Ua hoʻoholo ʻo Zhang Lin a me nā mea ʻē aʻe o Shantou Special Economic Zone Longhu Technology Co., Ltd., i loko o ka paʻa paʻa o ka papa polystyrene i hoʻonui ʻia i ka pā o waho o ka ʻōnaehana insulation thermal waho (ʻo ia ka ʻōnaehana Eqos), ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ka nui o ka nui. ʻO ka pauka lāʻau he 2.5% ka palena; ʻO ka viscosity haʻahaʻa, cellulose ether i hoʻololi nui ʻia he mea kōkua nui i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ikaika o ka paʻa paʻa paʻa o ka mortar paʻakikī.

Zhao Liqun o Shanghai Institute of Building Research (Group) Co., Ltd. kuhikuhi i loko o ka 'atikala e cellulose etera hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka paʻa wai o ka paʻakai, a me ka nui ho'ēmi i ka bulk density a me ka compressive ikaika o ka mortar, a hooloihi i ka hoonohonoho ana. manawa o ka hamo. Ma lalo o nā kūlana like, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka cellulose ether me ka viscosity kiʻekiʻe i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka nui o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka mortar, akā ʻoi aku ka emi o ka ikaika compressive a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka manawa hoʻonohonoho. ʻO ka pauka mānoanoa a me ka cellulose ether e hoʻopau i ka haki ʻana o ka mortar ma o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka mortar.

Ua aʻo ʻo Fuzhou University ʻo Huang Lipin et al i ka doping o ka hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether a me ka ethylene. ʻO nā waiwai kino a me ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka mortar sima i hoʻololi ʻia o vinyl acetate copolymer latex pauka. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka cellulose ether ka paʻa wai maikaʻi loa, ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka wai a me ka hopena maikaʻi o ka ea, ʻoiai ʻo nā waiwai hoʻemi wai o ka pauka latex a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā waiwai mechanical o ka mortar. Ka hopena hoʻololi; a aia kahi pae hoʻohālikelike kūpono ma waena o nā polymers.

Ma o kekahi mau hoʻokolohua, ua hōʻike ʻo Chen Qian a me nā mea ʻē aʻe mai Hubei Baoye Construction Industrialization Co., Ltd. ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka manawa hoʻouluulu a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻoulu ʻana e hiki ke hāʻawi i ka pāʻani piha i ka hana o ka cellulose ether i loko o ka mortar mākaukau, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ka hana o ka mortar, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka manawa hoʻoulu. ʻO ka pōkole a lohi paha ka wikiwiki e paʻakikī i ka hana ʻana i ka pahū; ʻO ke koho ʻana i ka cellulose ether kūpono hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana o ka mortar mākaukau.

Ua ʻike ʻo Li Sihan mai ke Kulanui ʻo Shenyang Jianzhu a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka mineral i ka deformation maloʻo maloʻo o ka mortar a hoʻomaikaʻi i kona ʻano mechanical; ʻO ka ratio o ka lime i ke one ka hopena i nā waiwai mechanical a me ka emi ʻana o ka mortar; Hiki i ka pauka polymer redispersible ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mortar. ʻO ka pale ʻana i ka māwae, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka adhesion, ka ikaika flexural, cohesion, ka pale ʻana i ka hopena a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻa wai a me ka hana; ʻO ka cellulose ether ka hopena o ka ea, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻa wai o ka mortar; hiki i ka pulupulu laau ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mortar E hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻohana ʻana, operability, a me ka hana anti-slip, a me ka wikiwiki o ke kūkulu ʻana. Ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui like ʻole no ka hoʻololi ʻana, a ma o ka ratio kūpono, hiki ke hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka mīkini paʻa-kū kūʻē no ka ʻōnaehana insulation thermal o waho me ka hana maikaʻi loa.

ʻO Yang Lei o Henan University of Technology i hui pū me ka HEMC i loko o ka mortar a loaʻa iā ia nā hana ʻelua o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka wai a me ka mānoanoa, ka mea e pale ai i ka lewa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia mai ka wikiwiki ʻana i ka wai i loko o ka mortar plastering. hoʻomaʻamaʻa piha ʻia ka mortar, e hana ana i ka mortar ʻO ka hui pū ʻana me ka ʻenekini e ʻoi aku ka paʻa a ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka paʻa; hiki iā ia ke hoʻemi nui i ka delamination o ka pāpaʻi ʻana i ka momi no ka ʻeated concrete. I ka manawa i hoʻohui ʻia ai ka HEMC i ka mortar, ua emi iki ka ikaika flexural o ka mortar, ʻoiai ua emi nui ka ikaika compressive, a ua hōʻike ka piʻi-compression ratio curve i kahi ʻano piʻi, e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻohui ʻana o HEMC hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻakikī o ka pahū.

Ua ʻike ʻo Li Yanling a me nā mea ʻē aʻe mai Henan University of Technology ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia nā waiwai mechanical o ka mortar i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka mortar maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka paʻa ʻana o ka mortar, i ka wā i hoʻohui ʻia ai ka hui ʻana (ʻo ka ʻike o ka cellulose ether he 0.15%). He 2.33 ka nui o ko ka moka ma'amau.

Ua aʻo ʻo Ma Baoguo mai ke Kulanui o ʻenehana ʻo Wuhan a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i nā hopena o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka styrene-acrylic emulsion, dispersible polymer powder, a me ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai, ka ikaika paʻa a me ka paʻakikī o ka mortar plastering thin. , 'ike 'ia i ka manawa o ka styrene-acrylic emulsion he 4% a hiki i ka 6%, ua hiki aku ka ikaika o ka pa'a o ka moka i ka waiwai maika'i loa, a 'o ka lakio compression-folding ka mea liilii loa; ua piʻi ka maʻiʻo o ka cellulose ether i O. Ma ka 4%, hiki i ka ikaika paʻa o ka mortar ke saturation, a ʻo ka lākiō hoʻopiʻi paʻa ka liʻiliʻi loa; inā he 3% ka ʻike o ka pauka lāʻau, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ikaika hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka mortar, a ke emi nei ka ratio hoʻopili-pilipili me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka pauka. ʻano ʻano.

Ua kuhikuhi ʻo Li Qiao a me nā mea ʻē aʻe o Shantou Special Economic Zone Longhu Technology Co., Ltd. i loko o ka ʻatikala i nā hana o ka cellulose ether i loko o ka pahu sima he paʻa wai, mānoanoa, ea entrainment, retardation a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ikaika paʻa tensile, etc. pili nā hana i ka nānā ʻana a me ke koho ʻana i ka MC, ʻo nā hōʻailona o ka MC e pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia e pili ana i ka viscosity, degere o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka etherification, degere o ka hoʻololi ʻana, kūpaʻa huahana, ʻike waiwai kūpono, ka nui o nā ʻāpana a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ke koho ʻana i ka MC i nā huahana mortar like ʻole, pono e waiho ʻia nā koi o ka hana no MC ponoʻī e like me ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā koi o nā huahana mortar kikoʻī, a pono e koho ʻia nā ʻano MC kūpono i hui pū ʻia me ka haku mele a me nā ʻāpana kuhikuhi kumu o MC.

Ua ʻike ʻo Qiu Yongxia o Beijing Wanbo Huijia Science and Trade Co., Ltd. me ka piʻi ʻana o ka viscosity o cellulose ether, ua piʻi ka nui o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka mortar; ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā ʻāpana o ka cellulose ether, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai; ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻa wai o ka cellulose ether; ke emi nei ka paʻa wai o ka cellulose ether me ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana mortar.

Ua kuhikuhi ʻo Zhang Bin o ke Kulanui ʻo Tongji a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka ʻatikala e pili pono ana nā ʻano hana o ka mortar i hoʻololi ʻia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka viscosity o nā cellulose ethers, ʻaʻole ʻo ka cellulose ethers me ka viscosity nominal kiʻekiʻe i ʻike maopopo i nā ʻano hana, no ka mea. pili pū ʻia e ka nui o nā ʻāpana. , ka helu hoʻoheheʻe a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe.

Ua aʻo ʻo Zhou Xiao a me nā mea ʻē aʻe mai ka Institute of Cultural Relics Protection Science and Technology, China Cultural Heritage Research Institute i ka hāʻawi ʻana o ʻelua additives, polymer rubber powder a me cellulose ether, i ka ikaika paʻa i ka NHL (hydraulic lime) mortar system, a ua ʻike ʻo ia. ka maʻalahi Ma muli o ka nui o ka emi ʻana o ka lime hydraulic, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻohua i ka ikaika tensile lawa me ka pā pōhaku. ʻO ka nui kūpono o ka pauka polymer rubber a me ka cellulose ether hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka ikaika paʻa o ka mortar NHL a hoʻokō i nā koi o ka relic relic a me nā mea pale; i mea e pale ai He hopena ia i ka wai permeability a me ka hanu o ka mortar NHL pono'ī a me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā relics moʻomeheu masonry. Ma ka manawa like, e noʻonoʻo ana i ka hana hoʻopaʻa mua o ka mortar NHL, ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻohui maikaʻi ʻana o ka pauka polymer rubber ma lalo o 0.5% a 1%, a me ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka cellulose ether Ua mālama ʻia ka nui ma kahi o 0.2%.

Ua hana ʻo Duan Pengxuan a me nā mea ʻē aʻe mai ka Beijing Institute of Building Materials Science i ʻelua mau mea hōʻike rheological i hana ʻia ma ke kumu o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke kumu hoʻohālike rheological o ka mortar hou, a ua alakaʻi i ka loiloi rheological o ka mortar masonry maʻamau, plastering mortar a plastering gypsum products. Ua anaia ka denaturation, a ua ike ia he hydroxyethyl cellulose etera a me ka hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose etera i oi aku ka maikai o ka waiwai viscosity mua a me ka hana hoemi viscosity me ka pii ana o ka manawa a me ka mama, hiki ke hoonui i ka binder no ka maikai o ka hoopili ana, thixotropy a me ka pale pale.

Ua ʻike ʻo Li Yanling o Henan University of Technology a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka cellulose ether i loko o ka mortar hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka hana paʻa wai o ka mortar, a laila e hōʻoia i ka holomua o ka hydration cement. ʻOiai ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka cellulose ether e hōʻemi i ka ikaika flexural a me ka ikaika compressive o ka mortar, e hoʻonui mau ana i ka ratio flexural-compression ratio a me ka ikaika paʻa o ka mortar i kekahi ʻano.

1.4Ka noiʻi e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā admixtures i ka mortar ma ka home a ma waho

I ka ʻoihana kūkulu hale i kēia lā, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻuala a me ka mortar, a ke piʻi nei hoʻi ke koi no ka sima. ʻO ka hana ʻana o ka sima he mea hoʻohana nui i ka ikehu a me ka ʻoihana pollution kiʻekiʻe. He mea nui ka mālama ʻana i ka sima no ka mālama ʻana i nā kumukūʻai a mālama i ke kaiapuni. Ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana ʻāpana no ka sima, ʻaʻole hiki i ka admixture mineral ke hoʻokō wale i ka hana o ka mortar a me ke koneki, akā mālama pū kekahi i ka nui o ka sima ma lalo o ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana kūpono.

I loko o ka ʻoihana hana hale, ua nui loa ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā admixtures. Nui nā ʻano ʻano sima i loaʻa ka nui a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea hoʻohui. I waena o lākou, ua hoʻohui ʻia ka ciment Portland maʻamau i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka 5% i ka hana. ~20% hoʻohui. I ke kaʻina hana o nā ʻoihana mortar a me nā ʻoihana hoʻonaninani, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka noi o nā admixtures.

No ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā admixtures i ka mortar, ua hana ʻia ka noiʻi lōʻihi a me ka nui ma ka home a ma waho.

1.4.1Hoʻopuka pōkole o ka noiʻi haole e pili ana i ka admixture i hoʻopili ʻia i ka mortar

P. Kulanui o Kaleponi. JM Momeiro Joe IJ K. Wang et al. ʻike ʻia i loko o ke kaʻina hana hydration o ka gelling material, ʻaʻole i pehu ʻia ka gel i ka nui like, a hiki i ka admixture mineral ke hoʻololi i ke ʻano o ka hydrated gel, a ʻike ʻia e pili ana ka pehu o ka gel i nā cations divalent i ka gel. . Ua hōʻike ka helu o nā kope i ka pilina maikaʻi ʻole.

Kevin J. o Amerika Huipuia. ʻO Folliard lāua ʻo Makoto Ohta et al. Ua kuhikuhi ʻia ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka silica fume a me ka lehu laiki i ka pahū hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka ikaika compressive, ʻoiai ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka lehu lele e hōʻemi i ka ikaika, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka pae mua.

Ua ʻike ʻo Philippe Lawrence lāua ʻo Martin Cyr o Farani e hiki i nā ʻano hui like ʻole ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika mortar ma lalo o ke ʻano kūpono. ʻAʻole maopopo ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā mea hoʻohui mineral like ʻole i ka wā mua o ka hydration. I ka pae hope o ka hydration, pili ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ikaika e ka hana o ka mineral admixture, a ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o ka ikaika i hana ʻia e ka inert admixture ʻaʻole hiki ke manaʻo ʻia he hoʻopiha. ka hopena, akā pono e pili i ka hopena kino o ka nucleation multiphase.

ʻO Bulgaria's ValIly0 Stoitchkov Stl Petar Abadjiev a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ʻike ʻo nā mea kumu he silica fume a me ka lehu lele lele calcium haʻahaʻa ma o nā ʻano kino a me ka mechanical o ka sima a me ka pahu i hui pū ʻia me nā mea hoʻohui pozzolanic ikaika, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika o ka pōhaku sima. He hopena koʻikoʻi ka silica fume i ka hydration mua o nā mea cementitious, ʻoiai he hopena koʻikoʻi ka mea lele lehu i ka hydration hope.

1.4.2Hoʻopuka pōkole o ka noiʻi kūloko e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui i ka mortar

Ma o ka noiʻi hoʻokolohua, ua ʻike ʻo Zhong Shiyun lāua ʻo Xiang Keqin o ke Kulanui ʻo Tongji i ka mīkini hoʻololi i hoʻohui ʻia o kekahi fineness o ka lehu lele a me ka polyacrylate emulsion (PAE), i ka wā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai ka lākiō poly-binder ma 0.08, ka lākiō compression-folding o ka. hoʻonui ʻia ka mortar me ka Ua emi ka maikaʻi a me ka maʻi o ka lehu lele me ka piʻi ʻana o ka lehu lele. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka lehu lele hiki ke hoʻoponopono pono i ka pilikia o ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maʻalahi o ka mortar ma ka hoʻonui wale ʻana i ka ʻike o ka polymer.

Ua aʻo ʻo Wang Yinong o Wuhan Iron and Steel Civil Construction Company i kahi hoʻohui ʻana i ka mortar kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka hana o ka mortar, hoʻemi i ke ʻano o ka delamination, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hiki ke hoʻopaʻa. He kūpono ia no ka masonry a me ka plastering o nā poloka ʻaerated concrete. .

Ua aʻo ʻo Chen Miaomiao a me nā mea ʻē aʻe mai ke Kulanui o ʻenehana ʻo Nanjing i ka hopena o ka hui ʻana i ka lehu lele a me ka pauka mineral i ka mortar maloʻo ma ka hana hana a me nā waiwai mechanical o ka mortar, a ua ʻike ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o ʻelua admixtures ʻaʻole i hoʻomaikaʻi wale i ka hana hana a me nā waiwai mechanical. o ka huikau. Hiki i nā waiwai kino a me nā mīkini ke hoʻemi pono i ke kumukūʻai. ʻO ke ʻano kūpono kūpono e hoʻololi i ka 20% o ka lehu lele a me ka pauka mineral i kēlā me kēia, ʻo ka ratio o ka mortar a me ke one he 1:3, a ʻo ka ratio o ka wai me ka mea he 0.16.

Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻo Zhuang Zihao mai South China University of Technology i ka lākiō wai-binder, hoʻololi i ka bentonite, cellulose ether a me ka pauka lāʻau, a ua aʻo i nā waiwai o ka ikaika mortar, ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai a me ka maloʻo maloʻo o ʻekolu mineral admixtures, a ʻike ʻia ua hiki i ka admixture maʻiʻo. Ma ka 50%, piʻi nui ka porosity a emi iho ka ikaika, a ʻo ka hapa maikaʻi loa o nā hui mineral ʻekolu he 8% limestone pauka, 30% slag, a me 4% lehu lele, hiki ke hoʻokō i ka mālama wai. rate, ka waiwai makemake o ka ikaika.

Ua alakaʻi ʻo Li Ying mai ke Kulanui ʻo Qinghai i kahi ʻano o nā hoʻāʻo o ka mortar i hui pū ʻia me nā mineral admixtures, a hoʻopau a hoʻopaʻa ʻia e hiki i nā admixtures mineral ke hoʻonui i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka lua o nā pauka, a me ka hopena micro-filling a me ka hydration lua o nā admixtures hiki i kekahi ʻano, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka paʻa o ka mortar, ma laila e hoʻonui ai i kona ikaika.

Ua hoʻohana ʻo Zhao Yujing o Shanghai Baosteel New Building Materials Co., Ltd. i ke kumumanaʻo o ka paʻakikī o ka haʻihaʻi a me ka ikaika haʻihaʻi e aʻo ai i ka mana o nā mea hoʻohui mineral i ka brittleness o ka siki. Hōʻike ka hoʻāʻo e hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi iki i ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka mineral i ka paʻakikī haʻihaʻi a me ka ikaika haʻihaʻi o ka mortar; i ka hihia o ke ʻano like o ka hoʻohui ʻana, ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻololi ʻana o 40% o ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka mineral ka mea maikaʻi loa i ka paʻakikī haʻihaʻi a me ka ikaika haʻihaʻi.

Ua kuhikuhi ʻo Xu Guangsheng o ke Kulanui ʻo Henan i ka wā i emi iho ai ka ʻāpana kiko o ka pauka mineral ma mua o E350m2/l [g, haʻahaʻa ka hana, ʻo ka ikaika 3d wale nō ma kahi o 30%, a hoʻomohala ka ikaika 28d i 0 ~ 90% ; ʻoiai ma 400m2 melon g, ka ikaika 3d Hiki ke kokoke i 50%, a ʻo ka ikaika 28d ma luna o 95%. Mai ka hiʻohiʻona o nā kumu kumu o ka rheology, e like me ka hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua o ka mortar fluidity a me ka holo wikiwiki, ua huki ʻia kekahi mau manaʻo: lele ka lehu ma lalo o 20% hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka mortar fluidity a me ka holo wikiwiki, a me ka pauka mineral i ka wā i lalo ka dosage. 25%, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka wai o ka mortar akā ua hoʻemi ʻia ke kahe kahe.

Ua kuhikuhi ʻo Professor Wang Dongmin o Kina University of Mining and Technology a me Professor Feng Lufeng o ke Kulanui ʻo Shandong Jianzhu i ka ʻatikala he ʻekolu mau mea i ka ʻili mai ka manaʻo o nā mea i hoʻohui ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ciment paste, aggregate, ciment paste a aggregate. ʻO ka ʻāpana hoʻololi hoʻololi ITZ (Interfacial Transition Zone) ma ka hui. ʻO ITZ kahi wahi waiwai wai, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka lakene wai-cement kūloko, nui ka porosity ma hope o ka hydration, a ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻonui ai i ka calcium hydroxide. ʻO kēia wahi ka mea e hoʻoulu ai i nā māwae mua, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaumaha. Hoʻoholo nui ka manaʻo i ka ikaika. Hōʻike ka haʻawina hoʻokolohua e hiki i ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka wai endocrine i loko o ka ʻāpana hoʻololi interface, e hoʻemi i ka mānoanoa o ka wahi hoʻololi interface, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika.

Ua ʻike ʻo Zhang Jianxin o ke Kulanui ʻo Chongqing a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ma o ka hoʻololi piha ʻana o ka methyl cellulose ether, polypropylene fiber, redispersible polymer powder, a me nā mea hoʻohui, hiki ke hoʻomākaukau ʻia kahi mortar plastering maloʻo me ka hana maikaʻi. ʻO ka mortar maloʻo i hui pū ʻia me ka pāpaʻi kūʻokoʻa he hiki ke hana maikaʻi, ka ikaika paʻa kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi. ʻO ka maikaʻi o nā pahu a me nā māwae he pilikia maʻamau.

Ua aʻo ʻo Ren Chuanyao o ke Kulanui ʻo Zhejiang a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka hopena o ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether ma nā waiwai o ka lele lehu lehu, a ua kālailai i ka pilina ma waena o ka pulu a me ka ikaika compressive. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether i loko o ka pahu lehu lele hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka hana paʻa ʻana o ka wai, hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa paʻa o ka mortar, a hoʻemi i ka mākū a me ka ikaika compressive o ka mortar. Loaʻa ka pilina maikaʻi ma waena o ka pulu pulu a me ka ikaika compressive 28d. Ma lalo o ke kūlana o ka mākū mākū i ʻike ʻia, hiki ke helu ʻia ka ikaika compressive 28d me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano kūpono.

Ua hoʻohana ʻo Polofesa Pang Lufeng lāua ʻo Chang Qingshan o ke Kulanui ʻo Shandong Jianzhu i ke ʻano hoʻolālā like ʻole e aʻo ai i ka mana o nā hui ʻekolu o ka lehu lele, ka pauka mineral a me ka mahu silica ma ka ikaika o ke kaʻa, a waiho i mua i kahi wānana wānana me kekahi waiwai kūpono ma o ka regression. kālailai. , a ua hōʻoia ʻia kona hiki ke hana.

1.5Ke kumu a me ke koʻikoʻi o kēia haʻawina

Ma ke ʻano he mānoanoa mālama wai koʻikoʻi, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka cellulose ether i ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka meaʻai, ka mortar a me ka hana ʻana a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. Ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui koʻikoʻi i loko o nā mortar like ʻole, hiki i nā ʻano cellulose ethers ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke koko o ka mortar fluidity kiʻekiʻe, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka thixotropy a me ka maʻalahi o ke kūkulu ʻana o ka mortar, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana paʻa wai a me ka ikaika paʻa o ka mortar.

Hoʻonui nui ʻia ka noi ʻana o nā mineral admixtures, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻoponopono wale i ka pilikia o ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka nui o nā huahana ʻoihana, mālama i ka ʻāina a mālama i ke kaiapuni, akā hiki ke hoʻohuli i ka ʻōpala i waiwai a hana i nā pono.

Ua nui nā haʻawina e pili ana i nā ʻāpana o nā morta ʻelua ma ka home a me nā ʻāina ʻē, akā ʻaʻole nui nā haʻawina hoʻokolohua e hoʻohui i nā mea ʻelua. ʻO ke kumu o kēia pepa, ʻo ia ka hoʻohui ʻana i kekahi mau cellulose ethers a me nā mineral admixtures i loko o ka paʻi sima i ka manawa like, kiʻekiʻe fluidity mortar a me plastic mortar (lawe i ka mortar hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ke ʻano he laʻana), ma o ka hoʻāʻo ʻimi ʻana o ka wai a me nā ʻano mechanical like ʻole. ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia ke kānāwai mana o nā ʻano morta ʻelua ke hoʻohui pū ʻia nā ʻāpana, e pili ana i ka cellulose ether e hiki mai ana. A ʻo ka hoʻohana hou ʻana o nā mineral admixtures e hāʻawi i kahi kuhikuhi.

Eia kekahi, ke hāpai nei kēia pepa i ke ʻano no ka wānana ʻana i ka ikaika o ka mortar a me ke koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka manaʻo ikaika FERET a me ka coefficient hana o nā mineral admixtures, hiki ke hāʻawi i kekahi kumu alakaʻi no ka hoʻolālā hui ʻana a me ka wānana ikaika o ka mortar a me ke koʻa.

1.6ʻO ka ʻike noiʻi nui o kēia pepa

Aia nā mea noiʻi nui o kēia pepa:

1. Ma ka hui 'ana i kekahi mau cellulose ethers a me na mea ho'ohui mineral like 'ole, ua ho'okō 'ia nā ho'ā'o e pili ana i ka wai o ka slurry ma'ema'e a me ka pahū wai ki'eki'e, a ua hō'ulu'ulu 'ia nā kānāwai mana a ua kālailai 'ia nā kumu.

2. Ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka cellulose ethers a me nā ʻano mineral admixtures i ka mortar fluidity kiʻekiʻe a me ka mortar hoʻopaʻa ʻana, e ʻimi i ko lākou hopena i ka ikaika compressive, ka ikaika flexural, ka pākuʻi-pele ʻana a me ka mortar hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka mortar fluidity kiʻekiʻe a me ka mortar plastic. ikaika.

3. Hoʻohui pū ʻia me ka manaʻo ikaika FERET a me ka coefficient hana o nā mea hoʻohui mineral, ua manaʻo ʻia kahi ala wanana ikaika no ka mortar a me ke koʻa.

Mokuna 2 Ka nānā 'ana i nā mea maka a me kā lākou mau mea no ka ho'ā'o

2.1 Mea ho'āʻo

2.1.1 Sima (C)

Ua hoʻohana ka hoʻāʻo i ka brand "Shanshui Dongyue" PO. 42.5 Sima.

2.1.2 Ka pauda minerala (KF)

Ua koho ʻia ka $95 grade granulated blast blast slag powder mai Shandong Jinan Luxin New Building Materials Co., Ltd.

2.1.3 Lehu Lehu (FA)

ʻO ka papa II lele lehu i hana ʻia e Jinan Huangtai Power Plant ua koho ʻia, ʻo ka fineness (koe i ka sieve o 459m square hole sieve) he 13%, a ʻo ka lakene koi wai he 96%.

2.1.4 Huhu silika (sF)

Hoʻohana ʻo Silica fume i ka silica fume o Shanghai Aika Silica Fume Material Co., Ltd., ʻo kona density he 2.59/cm3; ʻO ka ili kikoʻī he 17500m2/kg, a ʻo ka awelika o ka nui o ka ʻāpana he O. 1 ~ 0.39m, ʻo 28d ka papa kuhikuhi hana he 108%, ʻo ka lākiō koi wai he 120%.

2.1.5 Ka pauda latex hiki ke wehe hou (JF)

Hoʻohana ka pauka lāʻau i ka pauka latex Max redispersible 6070N (ʻano hoʻopaʻa ʻana) mai Gomez Chemical China Co., Ltd.

2.1.6 Cellulose ether (CE)

Hoʻohana ʻo CMC i ka papa uhi CMC mai Zibo Zou Yongning Chemical Co., Ltd., a ua ʻae ʻo HPMC i ʻelua ʻano hydroxypropyl methylcellulose mai Gomez Chemical China Co., Ltd.

2.1.7 Nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe

ʻO ka calcium carbonate kaumaha, ka pulupulu lāʻau, ka mea pale wai, ka calcium formate, etc.

2.1,8 quartz one

Hoʻohana ʻia ke one quartz i hana ʻia e ka mīkini i ʻehā ʻano o ka maikaʻi: 10-20 mesh, 20-40 H, 40.70 mesh a me 70.140 H, ʻo 2650 kg / rn3 ka nui, a ʻo ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka pahu he 1620 kg / m3.

2.1.9 Polycarboxylate superplasticizer pauda (PC)

ʻO ka pauka polycarboxylate o Suzhou Xingbang Chemical Building Materials Co., Ltd.) ʻo 1J1030, a ʻo ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka wai he 30%.

2.1.10 Ke one (S)

Hoʻohana ʻia ke one waena o Dawen River ma Taiʻan.

2.1.11 ʻAiʻiliʻili (G)

E hoʻohana iā Jinan Ganggou e hana i 5" ~ 25 pōhaku i ʻoki ʻia.

2.2 Hana ho'āʻo

2.2.1 Ke ala ho'āʻo no ka slurry fluidity

Lako hoao: NJ. 160 type sima slurry mixer, i hanaia e Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd.

Ua helu ʻia nā ʻano hoʻāʻo a me nā hopena e like me ke ʻano hoʻāʻo no ka wai o ka paʻi sima ma Appendix A o "GB 50119.2003 Nā kikoʻī kikoʻī no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui paʻa" a i ʻole ((GB/T8077--2000 Test Method for Homogeneousness of Concrete Admixtures. ).

2.2.2 Ke ala ho'āʻo no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka pahū wai kiʻekiʻe

Lako hoao: JJ. ʻAno 5 mea hoʻoheheʻe sima, i hana ʻia e Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd.;

TYE-2000B mortar compression testing machine, i hana ʻia e Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd.;

TYE-300B mortar bending test machine, i hana ʻia e Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ke ʻano o ka ʻike ʻana o ka mortar fluidity ma "JC. T 986-2005 Cement-based grouting materials" a me "GB 50119-2003 Technical Specifications for the Application of Concrete Admixtures" Appendix A, ka nui o ka cone make i hoʻohana ʻia, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe he 60mm. , ʻO ke anawaena o loko o ke awa luna he 70mm, ʻo ke anawaena o loko o ka awa haʻahaʻa he 100mm, a ʻo ke anawaena o waho o ka awa haʻahaʻa he 120mm, a ʻo ka nui o ka paona maloʻo o ka mīkini ʻaʻole e emi iho ma mua o 2000g i kēlā me kēia manawa.

Pono nā hopena hoʻāʻo o nā wai ʻelua e lawe i ka waiwai awelika o nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua i ka hopena hope.

2.2.3 Ke ala ho'āʻo no ka ikaika paʻa paʻa o ka momi paʻa

Mea ho'āʻo nui: WDL. Type 5 electronic universal testing machine, i hana ʻia e Tianjin Gangyuan Instrument Factory.

E hoʻokō ʻia ke ʻano hoʻāʻo no ka ikaika paʻa tensile me ka kuhikuhi ʻana i ka Pauku 10 o (JGJ/T70.2009 Kūlana no nā ʻano hoʻāʻo no nā waiwai kumu o nā hale kūkulu hale.

Mokuna 3. Ka hopena o ka cellulose ether ma ka paʻi maʻemaʻe a me ka moka o nā mea sima binary o nā ʻano hui like ʻole.

Ka Piliwaiwai

Ke ʻimi nei kēia mokuna i kekahi mau cellulose ethers a me ka hui ʻana o ka mineral ma o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka nui o nā slurries maʻemaʻe maʻemaʻe maʻemaʻe multi-level a me nā morta a me nā slurries binary cementitious system me nā mea hoʻohui mineral like ʻole a me ko lākou wai a me ka nalowale i ka manawa. ʻO ke kānāwai hoʻoikaika o ka hoʻohana pū ʻana i nā mea i ka wai o ka slurry maʻemaʻe a me ka mortar, a me ka hopena o nā ʻano like ʻole e hōʻuluʻulu ʻia a nānā ʻia.

3.1 Hōʻike o ka protocol hoʻokolohua

I ka nānā ʻana i ka mana o ka cellulose ether i ka hana hana o ka ʻōnaehana cement maʻemaʻe a me nā ʻōnaehana cementitious like ʻole, aʻo nui mākou ma nā ʻano ʻelua:

1. puree. Loaʻa iā ia nā pōmaikaʻi o ka intuition, ka hana maʻalahi a me ka pololei kiʻekiʻe, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka ʻike ʻana i ka adaptability o nā admixtures e like me cellulose ether i ka mea gelling, a ʻike ʻia ka ʻokoʻa.

2. High fluidity mortar. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi kūlana kahe kiʻekiʻe no ka maʻalahi o ke ana a me ka nānā ʻana. Maʻaneʻi,ʻo ka hoʻololiʻana o ka moku'āina kahe e hoʻomaluʻia e nā superplasticizers kiʻekiʻe. I mea e hōʻemi ai i ka hewa o ka hoʻāʻo, hoʻohana mākou i kahi mea hoʻemi wai polycarboxylate me ka hiki ke hoʻololi i ka sima, ka mea maʻalahi i ka mahana, a pono e mālama pono ʻia ka mahana hoʻāʻo.

3.2 Ka ho'āʻo ʻana o ka cellulose ether ma ka wai o ka paʻi sima maʻemaʻe

3.2.1 Papahana ho'āʻo no ka hopena o ka cellulose ether i ka wai o ka paʻi sima maʻemaʻe

Ke manaʻo nei i ka mana o ka cellulose ether i ka wai o ka slurry maʻemaʻe, ua hoʻohana mua ʻia ka slurry sima maʻemaʻe o ka ʻōnaehana cementitious mea hoʻokahi e nānā i ka mana. ʻO ka papa kuhikuhi kuhikuhi nui ma aneʻi e hoʻohana i ka ʻike fluidity intuitive loa.

Manaʻo ʻia nā mea e pili ana i ka neʻe ʻana:

1. Nā ʻano o ka cellulose ethers

2. ʻO ka maʻiʻo ether cellulose

3. Slurry manawa hoomaha

Maʻaneʻi, ua hoʻonohonoho mākou i kaʻike PC o ka pauka ma 0.2%. ʻEkolu pūʻulu a me ʻehā pūʻulu hoʻāʻo i hoʻohana ʻia no ʻekolu ʻano cellulose ethers (carboxymethylcellulose sodium CMC, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC). No ka sodium carboxymethyl cellulose CMC, ʻo ke ʻano o 0%, O. 10%, O. 2%, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Og, 0.39, 0.69 (ʻo ka nui o ka sima i kēlā me kēia hoʻokolohua ʻo 3009). , no ka hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether, he 0%, O. 05%, O. 10%, O. 15%, oia hoi 09, 0.159, 0.39, 0.459.

3.2.2 Nā hopena hoʻāʻo a me ka nānā ʻana i ka hopena o ka cellulose ether i ka wai o ka paʻi sima maʻemaʻe.

(1) ʻO nā hopena hoʻāʻo wai o ka paʻi sima maʻemaʻe i hui pū ʻia me CMC

ʻIkepili o nā hopena hoʻāʻo:

1. Hōʻike mobility:

Ke hoʻohālikelike nei i nā pūʻulu ʻekolu me ka manawa kū hoʻokahi, ma ke ʻano o ka wai mua, me ka hoʻohui ʻana o CMC, ua emi iki ka wai mua; ua emi nui ka hapalua hola me ka nui, ma muli o ka hapalua hola o ka hui blank. ʻO 20mm ka nui ma mua o ka mea mua (ma muli o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka pauka PC): -IJ, emi iki ka wai ma 0.1% dosage, a piʻi hou i ka 0.2% dosage.

I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā pūʻulu ʻekolu me ke ʻano like, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wai o ka hui blank i ka hapalua hola, a ua emi iho i hoʻokahi hola (ma muli paha kēia ma hope o hoʻokahi hola, ʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana sima i ka hydration a me ka hoʻopili ʻana. ua hoʻokumu mua ʻia ka hoʻolālā inter-particle, a ua ʻike hou ʻia ka slurry. ua emi iki ka wai o nā hui C1 a me C2 i ka hapalua hola, e hōʻike ana i ka lawe ʻana o ka wai o CMC i kekahi hopena i ka mokuʻāina; ʻoiai ma ka maʻiʻo o C2, ua piʻi nui i loko o hoʻokahi hola, e hōʻike ana i ka mana o ka hopena o ka hopena retardation o CMC.

2. Ka nānā 'ana i ka wehewehe 'ana.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka ʻike o ka CMC, hoʻomaka ka hanana o ka scratching, e hōʻike ana he hopena ko CMC i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka viscosity o ka paʻi sima, a ʻo ka hopena o ka ea o CMC ke kumu o ka hanauna ʻōhū ea.

(2) ʻO nā hopena hoʻāʻo wai o ka paʻi sima maʻemaʻe i hui pū ʻia me HPMC (viscosity 100,000)

ʻIkepili o nā hopena hoʻāʻo:

1. Hōʻike mobility:

Mai ka laina laina o ka hopena o ka manawa kū i ka fluidity, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka nui o ka fluidity i ka hapalua hola ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hola mua a me hoʻokahi hola, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka ʻike o ka HPMC, nāwaliwali ke ʻano. ʻO ka holoʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole nui ka nalowale o ka wai, e hōʻike ana he paʻa ka wai o ka HPMC i ka slurry, a he hopena hoʻopaneʻe.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻike nui o ka wai i ka ʻike o ka HPMC. Ma ka laulā hoʻokolohua, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻike o ka HPMC, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka wai. He mea paʻakikī loa ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ka mold cone fluidity ma lalo o ka nui o ka wai. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka HPMC, ʻaʻole nui ka nalowale o ka wai i ka manawa no ka slurry maʻemaʻe.

2. Ka nānā 'ana i ka wehewehe 'ana.

ʻO ka pūʻulu blank he mea koko, a hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka wai me ke ʻano o ka HPMC i ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai a me ka hopena mānoanoa ma mua o CMC, a he hana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke kahe koko. ʻAʻole pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā ʻōhū ea nui i ka hopena o ke komo ʻana o ka ea. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ma hope o ka piʻi ʻana o ka viscosity, ʻaʻole hiki ke paʻi ʻia ka ea i hui ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i loko o nā ʻōpū ea liʻiliʻi no ka mea ʻoi loa ka slurry.

(3) ʻO nā hopena hoʻāʻo wai o ka paʻi sima maʻemaʻe i hui pū ʻia me HPMC (viscosity o 150,000)

ʻIkepili o nā hopena hoʻāʻo:

1. Hōʻike mobility:

Mai ka laina laina o ka mana o ka maʻiʻo o ka HPMC (150,000) i ka wai, ʻoi aku ka ʻike o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ʻike ma ka fluidity ma mua o ka 100,000 HPMC, e hōʻike ana e hoʻemi ka piʻi ʻana o ka viscosity o HPMC. ka wailele.

E like me ka nānā ʻana, e like me ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka wai me ka manawa, ʻike ʻia ka hopena o ka hapalua hola o ka HPMC (150,000), ʻoiai ka hopena o -4, ʻoi aku ka ʻino ma mua o ka HPMC (100,000). .

2. Ka nānā 'ana i ka wehewehe 'ana.

He koko i loko o ka hui hakahaka. ʻO ke kumu o ka ʻoki ʻana i ka pā, ʻo ia ka liʻiliʻi o ka ratio wai-cement o ka slurry o lalo ma hope o ke kahe ʻana o ke koko, a ua paʻakikī a paʻakikī ka slurry e ʻohi mai ka pā aniani. He kuleana koʻikoʻi ka hoʻohui ʻana o HPMC i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke ʻano o ke koko. Me ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka maʻiʻo, ua ʻike mua ʻia kahi hua liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a laila ʻike ʻia nā ʻōhū nui. ʻO nā ʻōhū liʻiliʻi ma muli o kekahi kumu. Pēlā nō, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā ʻōpū nui e like me ka hopena o ke komo ʻana o ka ea. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ma hope o ka piʻi ʻana o ka viscosity, ʻo ka ea i hui ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻoulu ʻana he ʻeleʻele loa a ʻaʻole hiki ke kahe mai ka slurry.

3.3 Ka ho'āʻo ʻana o ka cellulose ether ma ka wai o ka slurry maʻemaʻe o nā mea cementitious multi-component.

ʻIke nui kēia ʻāpana i ka hopena o ka hoʻohana pū ʻana o kekahi mau admixtures a me ʻekolu cellulose ethers (carboxymethyl cellulose sodium CMC, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC) ma ka wai o ka pulp.

Pēlā nō, ʻekolu pūʻulu a me ʻehā pūʻulu hoʻāʻo i hoʻohana ʻia no ʻekolu ʻano cellulose ethers (carboxymethylcellulose sodium CMC, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC). No ka sodium carboxymethyl cellulose CMC, ʻo ke ʻano o 0%, 0.10%, a me 0.2%, ʻo ia hoʻi 0g, 0.3g, a me 0.6g (ʻo ke ʻano o ka sima no kēlā me kēia hoʻokolohua he 300g). No ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether, ʻo ke ʻano he 0%, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, ʻo ia hoʻi 0g, 0.15g, 0.3g, 0.45g. Hoʻoponopono ʻia ka ʻike PC o ka pauka ma 0.2%.

Hoʻololi ʻia ka lehu lele a me ka pauka i loko o ka mineral admixture e ka nui like o ke ʻano hui ʻana o loko, a ʻo nā pae hui ʻana he 10%, 20% a me 30%, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻololi ʻana he 30g, 60g a me 90g. Eia naʻe, e noʻonoʻo ana i ka mana o ka hana kiʻekiʻe, ka emi ʻana, a me ka mokuʻāina, mālama ʻia ka ʻike silica fume i 3%, 6%, a me 9%, ʻo ia hoʻi, 9g, 18g, a me 27g.

3.3.1 Hoʻolālā hoʻāʻo no ka hopena o ka cellulose ether ma ka wai o ka slurry maʻemaʻe o ka mea sima binary.

(1) Hoʻolālā hoʻāʻo no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o nā mea cementitious binary i hui pū ʻia me CMC a me nā mea hoʻohui mineral like ʻole.

(2) Hoʻolālā hoʻāʻo no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o nā mea sima binary i hui pū ʻia me HPMC (viscosity 100,000) a me nā mea hoʻohui mineral like ʻole.

(3) Ho'āʻo hoʻolālā no ka wai o nā mea sima binary i hui pū ʻia me HPMC (viscosity o 150,000) a me nā mea hoʻohui mineral like ʻole.

3.3.2 Nā hualoaʻa hoʻāʻo a me ka nānā ʻana i ka hopena o ka cellulose ether i ka wai o nā mea cementitious multi-component.

(1) ʻO ka hopena o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka wai wai mua o ka slurry maʻemaʻe cementitious binary i hui pū ʻia me CMC a me nā mea hoʻohui mineral like ʻole.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai kēia, hiki i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka lehu lele ke hoʻonui maikaʻi i ka wai mua o ka slurry, a hoʻonui ia me ka piʻi ʻana o ka lehu lele. I ka manawa like, i ka wā e hoʻonui ai ka ʻike o ka CMC, e emi iki ka wai, a ʻo ka emi ʻana he 20mm.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia e hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka wai mua o ka slurry maʻemaʻe ma ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka pauka mineral, a ʻaʻole ʻike hou ʻia ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ka wai i ka wā ma luna o 20%. I ka manawa like, ka nui o CMC ma O. Ma ka 1%, ka nui o ka wai.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai kēia mea he hopena maikaʻi ʻole ka ʻike o ka silica fume i ka wai mua o ka slurry. I ka manawa like, ua emi iki ka CMC i ka wai.

ʻO nā hopena hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka wai o ka hapalua hola o nā mea cementitious binary maʻemaʻe i hui pū ʻia me CMC a me nā mea hoʻohui mineral like ʻole.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka wai o ka lehu lele no ka hapalua hola he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ke ʻano haʻahaʻa, akā no ka mea kokoke i ka palena kahe o ka slurry maʻemaʻe. I ka manawa like, loaʻa i ka CMC kahi hōʻemi liʻiliʻi o ka wai.

Eia kekahi, ke hoʻohālikelike i ka wai wai mua a me ka hapalua hola, hiki ke ʻike ʻia he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lehu lele no ka mālama ʻana i ka nalowale o ka wai i ka manawa.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai kēia ka nui o ka pauka mineral ʻaʻohe hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka wai o ka slurry maʻemaʻe no ka hapalua hola, a ʻaʻole ikaika ka maʻamau. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole maopopo ka hopena o ka ʻike CMC i ka wai i loko o ka hapalua hola, akā ʻike ʻia ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o 20% mineral powder replacement group.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka wai o ka slurry maʻemaʻe me ka nui o ka silica fume no ka hapalua hola ʻoi aku ka ʻike ma mua o ka mea mua, ʻoi aku ka ʻike o ka hopena ma ka laulā o 6% a 9%. I ka manawa like, ʻo ka emi ʻana o ka ʻike CMC ma ka fluidity e pili ana i 30mm, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka emi ʻana o ka ʻike CMC i ka mua.

(2) ʻO ka hopena o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka wai wai mua o ka slurry maʻemaʻe cementitious binary i hui pū ʻia me HPMC (viscosity 100,000) a me nā ʻano hui like ʻole.

Mai kēia, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka hopena o ka lehu lele i ka wai, akā ʻike ʻia ma ka hoʻāʻo ʻana ʻaʻohe hopena maikaʻi o ka lehu lele i ke koko. Eia kekahi, ʻike maopopo loa ka hopena hoʻemi o ka HPMC i ka wai (ʻoi loa ma ka laulā o 0.1% a 0.15% o ka nui o ka nui, hiki ke hōʻemi i ka nui ma mua o 50mm).

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia he liʻiliʻi ka hopena o ka pauka mineral i ka wai, a ʻaʻole hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ke koko. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hopena hoʻemi o ka HPMC ma ka fluidity a hiki i 60mm ma ka laulā o 0.1% ~ 0.15% o ka nui kiʻekiʻe.

Mai kēia, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka emi ʻana o ka wai o ka silica fume i ʻoi aku ka ʻike ma ka nui o ka dosage, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka silica fume i ke koko i ka hoʻāʻo. I ka manawa like, he hopena maopopo ka HPMC i ka emi ʻana o ka wai (ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui o ka dosage kiʻekiʻe (0.1% a i ka 0.15%). Ma ke ʻano o nā mea hoʻohālikelike o ka wai, silica fume a me HPMC ke kuleana nui, a 'ē aʻe He mea hoʻoponopono liʻiliʻi kōkua ka admixture.

Hiki keʻikeʻia, ma keʻano laulā, ua like ka hopena o nā mea hoʻohuiʻekolu i ka wai me ka waiwai mua. Aia ka silica fume ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 9% a ʻo ka HPMC maʻiʻo ʻo O. I ka hihia o 15%, ʻo ka hanana i hiki ʻole ke hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka ʻikepili ma muli o ke kūlana maikaʻi ʻole o ka slurry ua paʻakikī ke hoʻopiha i ka mold cone. , e hōʻike ana ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka viscosity o ka silica fume a me ka HPMC ma nā ʻano kiʻekiʻe. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me CMC, ʻike maopopo loa ka hopena o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka viscosity o HPMC.

(3) ʻO ka hopena o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka wai wai mua o ka slurry maʻemaʻe cementitious binary i hui pū ʻia me HPMC (viscosity 100,000) a me nā mea hoʻohui mineral like ʻole.

Mai keia, ua hiki ke ike i ka HPMC (150,000) a me HPMC (100,000) i like ka hopena ma ka slurry, akā, HPMC me kiʻekiʻe viscosity i ka emi iki o ka fluidity, akā,ʻaʻole maopopo, e pono e pili i ka dissolution. o HPMC. He pilina ko ka wikiwiki. Ma waena o nā admixtures, ʻo ka hopena o ka lele lehu ma luna o ka wai o ka slurry he linear a me ka maikaʻi, a hiki i ka 30% o nā mea ke hoʻonui i ka wai e 20,-,30mm; ʻAʻole maopopo ka hopena, a ua kaupalena ʻia kona hopena hoʻomaikaʻi i ke koko; ʻoiai ma kahi kiʻekiʻe liʻiliʻi ma lalo o 10%, ua maopopo loa ka hopena o ka silica fume i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ke koko, a ʻoi aku ka nui o kona ʻili kikoʻī ma mua o ʻelua manawa ka nui o ka sima. ʻO ke kauoha o ka nui, ʻo ka hopena o kāna adsorption o ka wai i ka neʻe ʻana he mea nui loa.

Ma kahi huaʻōlelo, i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka dosage, nā mea e pili ana i ka wai o ka slurry, ʻo ke ʻano o ka silica fume a me HPMC ka mea nui, inā ʻo ia ka mana o ke koko a i ʻole ka mana o ke kahe kahe, ʻo ia. ʻoi aku ka maopopo, ʻē aʻe ʻO ka hopena o nā admixtures he lua a hoʻokani i kahi hana hoʻoponopono kōkua.

ʻO ka hapakolu e hōʻuluʻulu i ka mana o ka HPMC (150,000) a me nā mea hoʻohui i ka wai o ka pulp maʻemaʻe i ka hapalua hola, e like me ke kānāwai mana o ka waiwai mua. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka piʻi ʻana o ka lehu lele ma ka wai o ka slurry maʻemaʻe no ka hapalua hola ma mua o ka piʻi ʻana o ka wai mua, ʻaʻole maopopo ka mana o ka pauda slag, a ʻo ka mana o ka silica fume content ma ka wai. ua maopopo loa. Eia kekahi, ma keʻano o ka maʻiʻo o ka HPMC, he nui nā hanana i hikiʻole ke nininiʻia i nā mea kiʻekiʻe, e hōʻike ana he hopena koʻikoʻi kona O. 15% i ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka viscosity a me ka ho'ēmiʻana i ka wai, a ma keʻano o ka wai no ka hapalua. hoʻokahi hola, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka waiwai mua, ʻo ka pūʻulu slag O. Ua emi maopopo ka wai o 05% HPMC.

Ma keʻano o ka liloʻana o ka wai i ka manawa,ʻo ka hoʻokomoʻiaʻana o ka silica fume ka hopena nui ma luna o ia mea, no ka mea he nui ka maikaʻi o ka silica fume, ka hana kiʻekiʻe, ka wikiwiki wikiwiki, a me ka ikaika ikaika e komo i ka makū, e hopena i kahi maʻalahi. fluidity i ka wā kū. I ka.

3.4 E hoʻāʻo i ka hopena o ka cellulose ether i ka wai o ka mortar kiʻekiʻe-fluidity maʻemaʻe.

3.4.1 Papahana ho'āʻo no ka hopena o ka cellulose ether ma luna o ka wai o ka mortar kiʻekiʻe-fluidity maʻemaʻe.

E hoʻohana i ka mortar fluidity kiʻekiʻe e nānā i kona hopena i ka hana. ʻO ka papa kuhikuhi kuhikuhi nui ma ʻaneʻi ʻo ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka mortar fluidity mua a me ka hapalua hola.

Manaʻo ʻia nā mea e pili ana i ka neʻe ʻana:

1 mau ʻano o ka cellulose ethers,

2 Ka nui o ka cellulose ether,

3 Manawa ku ana o ka moka

3.4.2 Nā hualoaʻa hoʻāʻo a me ka nānā ʻana i ka hopena o ka cellulose ether ma ka wai o ka mortar kiʻekiʻe-fluidity maʻemaʻe.

(1) Nā hualoaʻa hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka wai o ka mīkini sima maʻemaʻe i hui pū ʻia me CMC

ʻO ka hōʻuluʻulu a me ka nānā ʻana o nā hopena hōʻike:

1. Hōʻike mobility:

Ke hoʻohālikelike nei i nā pūʻulu ʻekolu me ka manawa kū hoʻokahi, ma ke ʻano o ka wai mua, me ka hoʻohui ʻana o CMC, ua emi iki ka wai mua, a i ka wā i hōʻea ai ka ʻike i ka O. Ma 15%, aia kahi emi ʻike maopopo; ʻo ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ka wai me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka mea i loko o ka hapalua hola e like me ka waiwai mua.

2. Hōʻailona:

Ma ka manaʻo manaʻo, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka slurry maʻemaʻe, ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā aggregates i loko o ka mortar e maʻalahi i ka hoʻokomo ʻana o nā ea i loko o ka slurry, a ʻo ka hopena hoʻopaʻa ʻana o nā aggregates ma nā lua koko e maʻalahi hoʻi i ka mālama ʻana i nā ea a i ʻole ke koko. I loko o ka slurry, no laila, ʻoi aku ka nui a me ka nui o ka ea a me ka nui o ka mortar ma mua o ka slurry neat. Ma ka lima ʻē aʻe, hiki ke ʻike ʻia me ka piʻi ʻana o ka maʻiʻo o ka CMC, e emi ana ka wai, e hōʻike ana i ka CMC i kahi hopena mānoanoa ma ka mortar, a ʻo ka hapalua hola fluidity hōʻike i nā ʻōpū e kahe ana ma luna o ka ʻili. mahuahua iki. , he hōʻike hoʻi ia o ka piʻi ʻana o ke kūpaʻa, a i ka hiki ʻana o ke kūpaʻa i kahi pae, e paʻakikī ke kahe ʻana o nā ʻōhū, a ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā ʻōhū ma luna o ka ʻili.

(2) ʻO nā hopena hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka wai o ka pahu sima maʻemaʻe i hui pū ʻia me HPMC (100,000)

ʻIkepili o nā hopena hoʻāʻo:

1. Hōʻike mobility:

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai ke kiʻi me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka ʻike o ka HPMC, ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ka wai. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me CMC, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka ikaika o ka HPMC. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopena a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wai. Mai ka 0.05% a hiki i ka 0.1%, ʻoi aku ka ʻike o ka nui o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka wai, a mai O. Ma hope o 1%, ʻaʻole nui ka hoʻololi mua a i ʻole ka hapalua hola i ka fluidity.

2. Ka nānā 'ana i ka wehewehe 'ana.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai ka papa ʻaina a me ke kiʻi ʻaʻohe kumu ʻaʻohe ohu i loko o nā pūʻulu ʻelua o Mh2 a me Mh3, e hōʻike ana i ka nui o ka viscosity o nā pūʻulu ʻelua, e pale ana i ke kahe ʻana o nā ʻōhū i loko o ka slurry.

(3) Ka hopena o ka ho'āʻo ʻana i ka wai o ka momi sima maʻemaʻe i hui pū ʻia me HPMC (150,000)

ʻIkepili o nā hopena hoʻāʻo:

1. Hōʻike mobility:

I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i kekahi mau pūʻulu me ka manawa kū hoʻokahi, ʻo ke ʻano maʻamau ka emi ʻana o ka fluidity mua a me ka hapalua hola me ka piʻi ʻana o ka maʻiʻo o ka HPMC, a ʻoi aku ka maopopo o ka emi ʻana ma mua o ka HPMC me ka viscosity o 100,000, e hōʻike ana i kēlā. ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka viscosity o HPMC e hoʻonui ai. Hoʻoikaika ʻia ka hopena mānoanoa, akā ma O. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka hopena o ka dosage ma lalo o 05%, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka fluidity ma waena o 0.05% a 0.1%, a ʻo ke ʻano hou i ka laulā o 0.1% i ka 0.15%. E lohi, a oki paha i ka loli. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā waiwai lilo o ka hapalua hola (ka wai mua a me ka hapalua hola) o ka HPMC me ʻelua mau viscosities, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo HPMC me ka viscosity kiʻekiʻe hiki ke hōʻemi i ka waiwai pohō, e hōʻike ana i ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka hopena retardation. ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka haʻahaʻa viscosity.

2. Ka nānā 'ana i ka wehewehe 'ana.

Ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ke koko, ʻokoʻa iki ka hopena o nā HPMC ʻelua, hiki iā ia mau mea ʻelua ke mālama pono i ka wai a mānoanoa, hoʻopau i nā hopena ʻino o ke koko, a i ka manawa like e ʻae i nā ʻōhū e kahe maikaʻi.

3.5 E hoʻāʻo i ka hopena o ka cellulose ether ma ka wai o ka mortar fluidity kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻōnaehana cementitious like ʻole.

3.5.1 Hoʻolālā hoʻāʻo no ka hopena o ka cellulose ethers i ka wai o nā morta wai kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻōnaehana mea sima.

Hoʻohana mau ʻia ka mortar fluidity kiʻekiʻe e nānā i kona hopena i ka wai. ʻO nā hōʻailona kuhikuhi nui ka ʻike mua a me ka hapalua hola mortar fluidity detection.

(1) ʻO ka hoʻolālā hoʻāʻo o ka mortar fluidity me nā mea cementitious binary i hui pū ʻia me CMC a me nā ʻano hui like ʻole.

(2) Ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka wai o ka mortar me ka HPMC (viscosity 100,000) a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe binary o nā ʻano hui like ʻole.

(3) Hoʻolālā hoʻāʻo o ka wai o ka mortar me HPMC (viscosity 150,000) a me nā mea sima binary o nā ʻano hui like ʻole.

3.5.2 ʻO ka hopena o ka cellulose ether i ka wai o ka mortar wai kiʻekiʻe i loko o kahi ʻōnaehana cementitious binary o nā mea hoʻohui mineral like ʻole.

(1) Nā hopena hoʻāʻo wai wai mua o ka mortar cementitious binary i hui pū ʻia me CMC a me nā mea hoʻohui like ʻole.

Mai nā hopena ho'āʻo o ka wai mua, hiki ke hoʻoholo i ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka lehu lele hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi iki i ka wai o ka mortar; inā he 10% ka nui o ka pauka mineral, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi iki i ka wai o ka mortar; a ʻoi aku ka hopena o ka silica fume i ka fluidity, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka 6% ~ 9% o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ʻike, ka hopena i ka emi ʻana o ka wai ma kahi o 90mm.

I loko o nā pūʻulu ʻelua o ka lehu lele a me ka pauka mineral, hoʻemi ʻo CMC i ka wai o ka mortar i kekahi ʻano, ʻoiai i loko o ka hui silica fume, O. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka ʻike CMC ma luna o 1% ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopili nui i ka wai o ka mortar.

ʻO nā hopena hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka hapalua hola o ka mortar cementitious binary i hui pū ʻia me CMC a me nā mea hoʻohui like ʻole.

Mai nā hopena ho'āʻo o ka wai i loko o ka hapalua hola, hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia he like ka hopena o ka ʻike o ka admixture a me CMC me ka mea mua, akā hoʻololi ka ʻike o ka CMC i ka hui pauka mineral mai O. 1% i O. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hoʻololi 2%, ma 30mm.

Ma keʻano o ka liloʻana o ka wai i ka manawa,ʻo ka lehu lele ka hopena o ka ho'ēmiʻana i ka poho,ʻoiaiʻo ka pauka mineral a me ka silica fume e hoʻonui i ka waiwai poho ma lalo o ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka 9% dosage o ka silica fume ka mea e hoʻopiha ʻole ʻia ai ka mold hoʻāʻo iā ia iho. , ʻaʻole hiki ke ana pololei ʻia ka wai.

(2) ʻO nā hopena hoʻāʻo wai wai mua o ka mortar cementitious binary i hui pū ʻia me HPMC (viscosity 100,000) a me nā mea hoʻohui like ʻole.

ʻO nā hopena hoʻāʻo wai wai hapalua hola o ka mortar cementitious binary i hui pū ʻia me HPMC (viscosity 100,000) a me nā mea hoʻohui like ʻole.

Hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ma o nā hoʻokolohua e hiki ai i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka lehu lele ke hoʻomaikaʻi iki i ka wai o ka mortar; inā he 10% ka nui o ka pauka mineral, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi iki i ka wai o ka mortar; He maʻalahi loa ke ʻano, a ʻo ka hui HPMC me ka nui kiʻekiʻe ma 9% he mau wahi make, a nalowale ka wai.

ʻO ka maʻiʻo o ka cellulose ether a me ka silica fume ka mea maopopo loa e pili ana i ka wai o ka mortar. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka HPMC ma mua o ka CMC. Hiki i nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka nalowale o ka wai i ka manawa.

(3) ʻO nā hopena hoʻāʻo wai mua o ka mortar cementitious binary i hui pū ʻia me HPMC (viscosity o 150,000) a me nā mea hoʻohui like ʻole.

ʻO nā hopena hoʻāʻo wai wai hapalua hola o ka mortar cementitious binary i hui pū ʻia me HPMC (viscosity 150,000) a me nā mea hoʻohui like ʻole.

Hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ma o nā hoʻokolohua e hiki ai i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka lehu lele ke hoʻomaikaʻi iki i ka wai o ka mortar; inā he 10% ka nui o ka pauka mineral, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi iki ʻia ka wai o ka mortar: ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka silica fume i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke kahe koko, ʻoiai ʻo ka Fluidity kahi hopena koʻikoʻi, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o kona hopena i nā slurries maʻemaʻe. .

Ua ʻike ʻia kahi helu nui o nā wahi make ma lalo o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka cellulose ether (ʻoi loa i ka papa o ka hapalua hola fluidity), e hōʻike ana he hopena koʻikoʻi ka HPMC i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka wai o ka mortar, a me ka pauka mineral a me ka lehu lele hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka nalowale. o ka fluidity i ka manawa.

3.5 Mokuna Mokuna

1. I ka hoʻohālikelike piha ʻana i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka wai o ka paʻi sima maʻemaʻe i hui pū ʻia me ʻekolu cellulose ethers, hiki ke ʻike ʻia.

1. Loaʻa i ka CMC kekahi hopena hoʻopaneʻe a hoʻopaʻa i ka ea, paʻa paʻa wai, a me kekahi poho i ka manawa.

2. ʻIke ʻia ka hopena paʻa wai o ka HPMC, a he mana koʻikoʻi kona ma ka mokuʻāina, a emi nui ka wai me ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻike. Loaʻa iā ia kekahi hopena ea, a maopopo ka mānoanoa. ʻO 15% ka mea e hoʻoulu ai i nā ʻōpū nui i loko o ka slurry, kahi mea e hōʻino ai i ka ikaika. Me ka piʻi ʻana o ka viscosity HPMC, ua piʻi iki ka nalowale o ka slurry fluidity, akā ʻaʻole maopopo.

2. I ka hoʻohālikelike piha ʻana i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka slurry fluidity o ka ʻōnaehana gelling binary o nā mea hoʻohui mineral like ʻole i hui pū ʻia me ʻekolu cellulose ethers, hiki ke ʻike ʻia:

1. ʻO ke kānāwai hoʻoikaika o nā etera cellulose ʻekolu i ka wai o ka slurry o ka ʻōnaehana cementitious binary o nā ʻano mineral admixtures he ʻano like me ke kānāwai mana o ka wai o ka slurry sima maʻemaʻe. He liʻiliʻi ka hopena o ka CMC i ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ke koko, a he hopena nāwaliwali i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka wai; Hiki i nā ʻano ʻelua o ka HPMC ke hoʻonui i ka viscosity o ka slurry a hoʻemi nui i ka wai, a ʻo ka mea me ka viscosity kiʻekiʻe he hopena ʻoi aku ka maopopo.

2. Ma waena o ka admixtures, lele lehu i kekahi degere o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ma ka mua a me ka hapalua hola fluidity o ka maemae slurry, a me ka maʻiʻo o 30% hiki ke hoonui ma kahi o 30mm; ʻO ka hopena o ka pauka mineral ma ka wai o ka slurry maʻemaʻe ʻaʻohe mea maʻamau; silika ʻOiai he haʻahaʻa ka maʻiʻo o ka lehu, ʻo kona ʻano ultra-fineness, wikiwiki ka hopena, a me ka adsorption ikaika e hoʻemi nui i ka wai o ka slurry, ʻoi loa ke hoʻohui ʻia ʻo 0.15% HPMC, e loaʻa ana nā poni cone ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopiha. ʻO ka hanana.

3. I ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ke koko, ʻaʻole maopopo ka lehu lele a me ka pauka mineral, a hiki i ka silica fume ke hōʻemi i ka nui o ke koko.

4. Ma keʻano o ka hapalua hola o ka lilo o ka wai, uaʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka poho o ka lehu lele, aʻoi aku ka nui o ka poho o ka hui e hoʻokomo i ka silica fume.

5. I loko o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka maʻiʻo, nā mea e pili ana i ka wai o ka slurry, ʻo ka ʻike o ka HPMC a me ka silica fume nā kumu nui, inā ʻo ia ka mana o ke koko a i ʻole ka mana o ke kahe kahe, ʻo ia. ʻano maopopo. ʻO ka mana o ka pauka mineral a me ka pauka mineral ka lua, a ke pāʻani nei i kahi hana hoʻoponopono kōkua.

3. I ka hoʻohālikelike piha ʻana i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka wai o ka mīkini sima maʻemaʻe i hui pū ʻia me ʻekolu cellulose ethers, hiki ke ʻike ʻia.

1. Ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ʻekolu cellulose ethers, ua hoʻopau maikaʻi ʻia ke kahe koko, a ua emi ka wai o ka mortar. ʻO kekahi mānoanoa, hopena paʻa wai. Loaʻa i ka CMC kekahi mau hopena hoʻopaneʻe a komo i ka ea, paʻa wai nāwaliwali, a me kekahi poho i ka manawa.

2. Ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka CMC, piʻi aʻe ka nalowale o ka mortar fluidity i ka manawa, ʻo ia paha no ka CMC he ionic cellulose ether, kahi maʻalahi e hana i ka ua me Ca2 + i ka sima.

3. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o nā etera cellulose ʻekolu e hōʻike ana he liʻiliʻi ka hopena o ka CMC i ka wai, a ʻo nā ʻano ʻelua o ka HPMC e hoʻemi nui i ka wai o ka mortar ma ka maʻiʻo o 1/1000, a ʻo ka mea me ka viscosity kiʻekiʻe aʻe iki. maopopo.

4. ʻO nā ʻano ʻekolu o ka cellulose ethers i loaʻa kekahi hopena ea, e hoʻomāhuahua ai ka ʻili o ka ʻili, akā ke piʻi ka maʻiʻo o ka HPMC ma mua o 0.1%, ma muli o ka viscosity kiʻekiʻe o ka slurry, e noho mau nā ʻōpala i loko o ka pahu. slurry a hiki ole ke kahe.

5. ʻO ka hopena o ka mālamaʻana i ka wai o ka HPMC he mea maopopo, he hopena koʻikoʻi i ka moku'āina o ka huiʻana, a emi nui ka wai me ka piʻiʻana o ka mea, a maopopo ka mānoanoa.

4. Hoʻohālikelike piha i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka wai o nā mea hoʻohui ʻia me nā kumulāʻau binary cementitious i hui pū ʻia me ʻekolu cellulose ethers.

E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia:

1. ʻO ke kānāwai hoʻoikaika o ʻekolu cellulose ethers ma ka wai o ka mortar simentitious multi-component ua like ia me ke kānāwai hoʻoikaika i ka wai o ka slurry maʻemaʻe. He liʻiliʻi ka hopena o ka CMC i ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ke koko, a he hopena nāwaliwali i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka wai; Hiki i nā ʻano ʻelua o ka HPMC ke hoʻonui i ka viscosity o ka mortar a hoʻemi nui i ka wai, a ʻo ka mea me ka viscosity kiʻekiʻe he hopena ʻoi aku ka maopopo.

2. Ma waena o nā mea hoʻohui, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lehu lele i ka wai mua a me ka hapalua hola o ka slurry maʻemaʻe; ʻAʻohe mea maʻamau i ka mana o ka pauka slag i ka wai o ka slurry maʻemaʻe; ʻoiai he haʻahaʻa ka ʻike o ka silica fume, ʻo ia ʻO ka ultra-fineness kūʻokoʻa, ka wikiwiki wikiwiki a me ka adsorption ikaika e loaʻa iā ia kahi hopena hoʻemi nui i ka wai o ka slurry. Eia naʻe, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā hopena hoʻāʻo o ka paʻi maʻemaʻe, ʻike ʻia e nāwaliwali ka hopena o nā admixtures.

3. I ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ke koko, ʻaʻole maopopo ka lehu lele a me ka pauka mineral, a hiki i ka silica fume ke hōʻemi i ka nui o ke koko.

4. Ma nā ʻano like ʻole o ka dosage, nā mea e pili ana i ka wai o ka mortar, ʻo ke ʻano o ka HPMC a me ka silica fume nā kumu mua, inā ʻo ia ka mana o ke koko a i ʻole ka mana o ke kahe kahe, ʻoi aku ia. ʻIke ʻia, ʻo ka silica fume 9% Ke 0.15% ka maʻiʻo o ka HPMC, maʻalahi ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ka pahu hoʻopiha piha, a ʻo ka mana o nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe ka lua a ke pāʻani nei i kahi hana hoʻoponopono kōkua.

5. Aia nā ʻōhū ma luna o ka ʻili o ka mortar me ka wai o ka ʻoi aku ma mua o 250mm, akā ʻo ka hui blank me ka cellulose ether maʻamau ʻaʻohe ʻōhū a i ʻole he liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi wale nō o nā puʻupuʻu, e hōʻike ana ua loaʻa i ka cellulose ether kekahi ea-entraining. ka hopena a hana i ka slurry viscous. Eia kekahi, ma muli o ka nui o ka viscosity o ka mortar me ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka wai, he paʻakikī i ka lele ʻana o ka ea i luna e ka hopena paona ponoʻī o ka slurry, akā paʻa ʻia i loko o ka mortar, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoikaika i ka ikaika. mālama ʻole ʻia.

Mokuna 4 Nā hopena o nā Cellulose Ethers ma nā ʻano Mechanical of Mortar

Ua aʻo ka mokuna mua i ka hopena o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cellulose ether a me nā mea hoʻohui mineral like ʻole i ka wai o ka slurry maʻemaʻe a me ka mortar fluidity kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻopili nui kēia mokuna i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka cellulose ether a me nā mea hoʻohui like ʻole ma ka mortar fluidity kiʻekiʻe A me ka mana o ka ikaika compressive a me ka flexural o ka mortar hoʻopaʻa, a me ka pilina ma waena o ka ikaika hoʻopaʻa tensile o ka mortar hoʻopaʻa a me ka cellulose ether a me ka mineral. ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā admixtures.

Wahi a ka noiʻi e pili ana i ka hana hana o ka cellulose ether i ka ciment-based material of pure paste and mortar ma ka Mokuna 3, ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻāʻo ikaika, ʻo ka ʻike o ka cellulose ether he 0.1%.

4.1 Ka ho'āʻo ikaika compressive a me ka flexural o ka pahū wai kiʻekiʻe

Ua noiʻi ʻia ka ikaika compressive a me ka flexural o nā mea hoʻohui mineral a me nā cellulose ethers i loko o ka mortar infusion kiʻekiʻe.

4.1.1 Ka ho'āʻo hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka ikaika compressive a me ka flexural o ka mortar fluidity kiʻekiʻe.

Ua alakaʻi ʻia ka hopena o ʻekolu ʻano cellulose ethers ma nā waiwai compressive a me ka flexural o ka mortar wai kiʻekiʻe i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka sima maʻemaʻe i nā makahiki like ʻole ma kahi maʻiʻo paʻa o 0.1% i alakaʻi ʻia ma ʻaneʻi.

Ka nānā 'ana i ka ikaika mua: Ma ke 'ano o ka ikaika flexural, loa'a i ka CMC kekahi hopena ho'oikaika, a'o HPMC kekahi hopena ho'emi; ma ke ʻano o ka ikaika compressive, ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka cellulose ether he kānāwai like me ka ikaika flexural; pili ka viscosity o HPMC i nā ikaika ʻelua. He liʻiliʻi ka hopena: ma ke ʻano o ka ratio kaomi-fold, hiki i nā ether cellulose ʻekolu ke hoʻemi pono i ka ratio kaomi-fold a hoʻonui i ka maʻalahi o ka mortar. I waena o lākou, ʻo HPMC me ka viscosity o 150,000 ka hopena ʻike loa.

(2) Nā hopena ho'āʻo hoʻohālikelike ikaika ʻehiku lā

Ka nānā 'ana i ka ikaika ehiku lā: Ma ke 'ano o ka ikaika flexural a me ka ikaika compressive, aia kekahi kānāwai like me ka ikaika o nā lā 'ekolu. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā lā ʻekolu o ka paʻi ʻana, aia kahi piʻi iki o ka ikaika o ka paʻi. Eia naʻe, hiki ke ʻike i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ka ʻikepili o ka makahiki like i ka hopena o ka HPMC i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka lākiō kaomi-pele. ʻano maopopo.

(3) He iwakāluakūmāwalu lā nā hopena hoʻohālikelike ikaika

He iwakāluakūmāwalu lā ka nānā ʻana i ka ikaika: Ma ke ʻano o ka ikaika flexural a me ka ikaika compressive, aia nā kānāwai like me ka ikaika o nā lā ʻekolu. Piʻi mālie ka ikaika flexural, a piʻi mau ka ikaika compressive i kekahi ʻano. Hōʻike ka hoʻohālikelike ʻikepili o ka manawa makahiki hoʻokahi he hopena ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka HPMC i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ratio hoʻopili-pilikia.

Wahi a ka hoʻāʻo ikaika o kēia ʻāpana, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka brittleness o ka mortar i kaupalena ʻia e CMC, a i kekahi manawa ua hoʻonui ʻia ka lākiō hoʻoemi-a-fold, e ʻoi aku ka palupalu o ka mortar. Ma ka manawa like, no ka mea ʻoi aku ka laulā o ka hopena paʻa wai ma mua o ka HPMC, ʻo ka cellulose ether a mākou e noʻonoʻo nei no ka hoʻāʻo ikaika ma aneʻi ʻo HPMC o ʻelua viscosities. ʻOiai he hopena ko ka HPMC i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka ikaika (ʻoi loa no ka ikaika mua), he mea maikaʻi ia e hoʻemi i ka ratio compression-refraction, i mea e pono ai i ka paʻakikī o ka mortar. Eia kekahi, hui pū ʻia me nā mea e pili ana i ka fluidity ma ka Mokuna 3, i ke aʻo ʻana i ka hui ʻana o nā admixtures a me CE I ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka hopena, e hoʻohana mākou i ka HPMC (100,000) e like me ka CE pili.

4.1.2 Ka ho'āʻo ʻana o ka ikaika compressive a me ka flexural o ka mineral admixture kiʻekiʻe fluidity mortar.

Wahi a ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka wai o ka slurry maʻemaʻe a me ka mortar i hui pū ʻia me nā admixtures i ka mokuna mua, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ka wai o ka silica fume ma muli o ke koi nui o ka wai, ʻoiai hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka nui a me ka ikaika. kahi ākea. , ʻoi aku ka ikaika compressive, akā he mea maʻalahi ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ratio compression-to-fold, i mea kupanaha ka hiʻohiʻona o ka mortar brittleness, a ʻo ia ka ʻae ʻana e hoʻonui ka silica fume i ka shrinkage o ka mortar. I ka manawa like, ma muli o ka nele o ka ʻili o ka ʻiʻo o ka aggregate coarse, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka emi ʻana o ka mortar e pili ana i ke kaʻa. No ka mortar (ʻoi aku ka mortar kūikawā e like me ka mortar hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka mortar plastering), ʻo ka pōʻino nui loa ka emi ʻana. No nā māwae ma muli o ka lilo ʻana o ka wai, ʻaʻole pinepine ka ikaika i ke kumu koʻikoʻi. No laila, ua hoʻolei ʻia ka silica fume ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui, a ʻo ka lehu lele a me ka pauka mineral wale nō i hoʻohana ʻia e ʻimi i ka hopena o kāna hopena composite me cellulose ether ma ka ikaika.

4.1.1

Ma kēia hoʻokolohua, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hapa o ka mortar ma 4.1.1, a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka ʻike o ka cellulose ether ma 0.1% a hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hui blank. ʻO ka pae dosage o ka hoʻāʻo admixture he 0%, 10%, 20% a me 30%.

4.1.2.2 Nā hopena hōʻike hoʻāʻo ikaika compressive a flexural a me ka nānā ʻana o ka mortar wai kiʻekiʻe

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai ka waiwai hoʻāʻo ikaika compressive ʻo ka ikaika compressive 3d ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka HPMC ma kahi o 5/VIPa haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka hui blank. Ma keʻano laulā, me ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o ka admixture i hoʻohui ʻia, hōʻike ka ikaika compressive i kahi ʻano emi. . Ma keʻano o nā mea hoʻohui, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ikaika o ka hui pauka mineral me ka ʻole o ka HPMC, ʻoiai ʻo ka ikaika o ka pūʻulu lehu lele he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka hui o ka pauka mineral, e hōʻike ana ʻaʻole ikaika ka pauka mineral e like me ka sima. a ʻo kona hoʻohui ʻia e hoʻemi iki i ka ikaika mua o ka ʻōnaehana. ʻO ka lehu lele me ka hana ʻilihune e hōʻemi i ka ikaika me ka maopopo. ʻO ke kumu o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, ʻo ia ke komo nui ʻana o ka lehu lele i ka lua o ka hydration o ka sima, a ʻaʻole i hāʻawi nui i ka ikaika mua o ka mortar.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai nā waiwai hoʻāʻo ikaika flexural e loaʻa mau ana ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka HPMC i ka ikaika flexural, akā inā ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻike o ka admixture, ʻaʻole ʻike hou ʻia ke ʻano o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka ikaika flexural. ʻO ke kumu paha ka hopena paʻa wai o HPMC. Hoʻolohi ʻia ka nui o ka pohō o ka wai ma ka ʻili o ka poloka hoʻāʻo mortar, a ua lawa ka wai no ka hydration.

Ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻohui ʻana, hōʻike ka ikaika flexural i ka emi ʻana me ka piʻi ʻana o ka mea hoʻohui, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ikaika flexural o ka hui pauka mineral ma mua o ka hui lele lele, e hōʻike ana i ka hana o ka pauka mineral. oi aku mamua o ka lehu lele.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai ka helu helu ʻana o ka lākiō hoʻoemi-hoʻemi ʻana o ka hoʻohui ʻana o HPMC e hoʻohaʻahaʻa maikaʻi i ka lākiō hoʻopiʻi a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maʻalahi o ka mortar, akā ʻoiaʻiʻo ma ka lilo o ka hoʻemi nui o ka ikaika compressive.

Ma keʻano o ka hoʻohuiʻana, e like me ka piʻiʻana o ka nui o ka hoʻohuiʻana, e piʻi aʻe ka ratio compression-fold, e hōʻike anaʻaʻole kūpono ka hoʻohuiʻana i ka maʻalahi o ka mortar. Eia kekahi, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka piʻi ʻana o ka pākuʻi-fold ratio o ka mortar me ka ʻole o ka HPMC me ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka admixture. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hoʻonui ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki i ka HPMC ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka embrittlement o ka mortar ma muli o ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā admixtures i kekahi ʻano.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia no ka ikaika compressive o 7d, ʻaʻole ʻike hou ʻia nā hopena ʻino o nā admixtures. Ua like like nā waiwai o ka ikaika compressive i kēlā me kēia pae hoʻohui hoʻohui, a loaʻa nō i ka HPMC kahi hemahema o ka ikaika compressive. hopena.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka ikaika flexural, ʻoi aku ka hopena o ka admixture i ka 7d flexural resistance ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, a ʻo ka hui o nā pauka mineral wale nō i hana maikaʻi, mālama ʻia ma 11-12MPa.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia he hopena ʻino ka admixture ma ke ʻano o ka ratio indentation. Me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o ka mea hoʻohui, e piʻi mālie ka lakene indentation, ʻo ia hoʻi, he brittle ka mortar. Hiki i ka HPMC ke hōʻemi i ka ratio hoʻoemi-fold a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka brittleness o ka mortar.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai ka ikaika compressive 28d, ua pāʻani ka admixture i kahi hopena maikaʻi loa i ka ikaika hope, a ua hoʻonui ʻia ka ikaika compressive e 3-5MPa, ʻo ia ka mea ma muli o ka hopena micro-filling o ka admixture. a me ka mea pozzolanic. ʻO ka hopena hydration lua o ka mea, ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi, hiki ke hoʻohana a hoʻopau i ka calcium hydroxide i hana ʻia e ka hydration cement (ʻo ka calcium hydroxide he wahi nāwaliwali i ka mortar, a ʻo kona hoʻonui ʻana i ka wahi hoʻololi o ka interface e hōʻino i ka ikaika), e hoʻonui i nā huahana hydration hou aʻe, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, e hoʻoikaika i ka degere hydration o ka sima a hoʻomāhuahua i ka mortar. Loaʻa i ka HPMC kahi hopena koʻikoʻi i ka ikaika compressive, a hiki i ka ikaika nāwaliwali ke hiki i ka 10MPa. No ke kālailai ʻana i nā kumu, hoʻolauna ʻo HPMC i kahi nui o nā ʻōhū ea i loko o ke kaʻina hana hui ʻana, e hōʻemi ana i ka paʻa o ke kino moka. ʻO kēia kekahi kumu. Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka HPMC ma luna o ka ʻili o nā ʻāpana paʻa e hana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni, keʻakeʻa nei i ke kaʻina hana hydration, a ʻoi aku ka nāwaliwali o ka pae hoʻololi, ʻaʻole kūpono i ka ikaika.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka ikaika flexural 28d, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka dispersion o ka ʻikepili ma mua o ka ikaika compressive, akā hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka hopena ʻino o HPMC.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia, mai ka manaʻo o ka lākiō hoʻohaʻahaʻa hoʻohaʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka HPMC e hōʻemi i ka lākiō hoʻohaʻahaʻa hoʻoemi a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻakikī o ka mortar. I ka hui hoʻokahi, me ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o nā admixtures, piʻi ka ratio compression-refraction. Hōʻike ka loiloi o nā kumu i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ka admixture i ka ikaika compressive hope, akā i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ikaika flexural hope, ka hopena i ka ratio compression-refraction. hoʻomaikaʻi.

4.2 Nā ho'āʻo ikaika compressive a flexural o ka paʻa paʻa

I mea e 'imi ai i ka mana o ka cellulose etera a me ka admixture ma ka compressive a me ka flexural ikaika o ka paʻa paʻa, ua hoʻopaʻa ka hoʻokolohua i ka maʻiʻo o cellulose etera HPMC (viscosity 100,000) e like me 0.30% o ke kaumaha maloʻo o ka mortar. a hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka pūʻulu hakahaka.

Ho'āʻo mau ʻia nā mea hoʻohui (lehu lele a me ka pauka slag) ma 0%, 10%, 20%, a me 30%.

4.2.1 Ka ho'āʻo ʻana i ka ikaika compressive a me ka flexural o ka momi paʻa

4.2.2 Nā hualoaʻa hoʻāʻo a me ka nānā ʻana i ka mana o ka ikaika compressive a flexural o ka mortar paʻa.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai ka hoʻokolohua ʻana ʻaʻole maikaʻi ʻo HPMC ma ke ʻano o ka ikaika compressive 28d o ka mortar hoʻopaʻa ʻana, e hoʻemi ai ka ikaika ma kahi o 5MPa, akā ʻo ka hōʻailona kī no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka mortar paʻa ʻaʻole ia ikaika compressive, no laila ua ʻae ʻia; I ka 20% o ka mea hoʻohuihui, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ikaika compressive.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai ka hoʻokolohua mai ka manaʻo o ka ikaika flexural, ʻaʻole nui ka emi ʻana o ka ikaika i hana ʻia e HPMC. Maliʻa paha he ʻino ka wai o ka mortar hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me nā hiʻohiʻona plastic i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka mortar wai kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā hopena maikaʻi o ka pahee a me ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai e hoʻopau maikaʻi i kekahi o nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ke kinoea e hōʻemi i ka compactness a me ka nāwaliwali o ka interface; ʻAʻohe hopena ʻike o nā mea hoʻohui i ka ikaika flexural, a ke loli iki nei ka ʻikepili o ka hui lehu lele.

Hiki keʻikeʻia mai nā ho'āʻoʻana, e like me keʻano o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa puʻupuʻu, ma keʻano nui,ʻo ka hoʻonuiʻana o ka mea hoʻohui i hoʻonui i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa hoʻohaʻahaʻa, kahi kūponoʻole i ka paʻakikī o ka mortar; He hopena maikaʻi ko HPMC, hiki ke hoʻemi i ka lākiō hoʻemi puʻe e O. 5 ma luna, pono e kuhikuhi ʻia, e like me "JG 149.2003 Expanded Polystyrene Board Thin Plaster External Wall External Insulation System", ʻaʻohe koi koi. no ka lākiō hoʻopiʻi hoʻopili i ka helu ʻike o ka mīkini hoʻopaʻa ʻana, a ʻo ka lākiō hoʻopiʻi hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau. moka.

4.3 Ho'āʻo ikaika no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana

I mea e ʻimi ai i ke kānāwai o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cellulose ether a me ka admixture ma ka ikaika paʻa o ka mortar i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, e nānā i ka "JG/T3049.1998 Putty no ke kūkulu ʻana i loko" a me "JG 149.2003 Expanded Polystyrene Board Thin Plastering Exterior Walls" Insulation System", ua hoʻokō mākou i ka ho'āʻo ikaika paʻa o ka mortar hoʻopaʻa ʻana, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lākiō paʻa paʻa ma ka Papa 4.2.1, a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ʻike o ka cellulose ether HPMC (viscosity 100,000) i ka 0 o ke kaumaha maloʻo o ka mortar .30% , a hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka pūʻulu hakahaka.

Ho'āʻo mau ʻia nā mea hoʻohui (lehu lele a me ka pauka slag) ma 0%, 10%, 20%, a me 30%.

4.3.1 Ho'āʻo ʻana i ka ikaika o ka paʻa paʻa

4.3.2 Nā hualoaʻa hoʻāʻo a me ka nānā ʻana i ka ikaika paʻa o ka mīkini paʻa

(1) 14d mau hopena ho'āʻo i ka ikaika o ka paʻa paʻa ʻana o ka hamo paʻa a me ka pahu sima

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma ka hoʻokolohua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā hui i hoʻohui ʻia me ka HPMC ma mua o ka pūʻulu blank, e hōʻike ana he pono ka HPMC i ka ikaika hoʻopaʻa ʻana, no ka mea, ʻo ka hopena paʻa wai o HPMC e pale ai i ka wai ma ka pilina paʻa ma waena o ka mortar a. ka pahu hoao sima. Hoʻopiha piha ʻia ka mortar hoʻopaʻa ʻana ma ka interface, a laila e hoʻonui ai i ka ikaika pili.

Ma ke ʻano o ka admixtures, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ikaika paʻa ma kahi ʻano o 10%, a ʻoiai hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ke kiʻekiʻe hydration a me ka wikiwiki o ka sima ma kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, e alakaʻi ia i ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ka hydration degere o ka cementitious. mea, no laila e hoʻopili ai. ka emi ʻana o ka ikaika puʻupuʻu.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai ka hoʻokolohua ma ke ʻano o ka waiwai hoʻāʻo o ka ikaika manawa hana, ʻokoʻa ka ʻikepili, a he liʻiliʻi ka hopena o ka admixture, akā ma ke ʻano nui, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka ikaika kumu, aia kekahi emi, a ʻo ka emi o ka HPMC he mea liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka pūʻulu blank, e hōʻike ana ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka hopena o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai o ka HPMC i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o ka wai, no laila e emi iho ka ikaika o ka mortar ma hope o 2.5h.

(2) 14d mau hopena ho'āʻo ikaika o ka pahu paʻa a me ka papa polystyrene i hoʻonui ʻia

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai ka hoʻokolohua ʻana ʻoi aku ka discrete o ka waiwai hoʻāʻo o ka ikaika paʻa ma waena o ka pahu paʻa a me ka papa polystyrene. Ma keʻano laulā, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hui i hui pū ʻia me HPMC ma mua o ka pūʻulu hakahaka ma muli o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai. ʻAe, ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā admixtures e hōʻemi i ka paʻa o ka hoʻāʻo ikaika paʻa.

4.4 Mokuna Hōʻuluʻulu

1. No ka mortar fluidity kiʻekiʻe, me ka piʻi ʻana o ka makahiki, ʻoi aku ka piʻi ʻana o ka ratio compressive-fold; ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka HPMC he hopena maopopo o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka ikaika (ʻoi aku ka ʻike o ka emi ʻana o ka ikaika compressive), a ke alakaʻi nei hoʻi i ka ʻO ka emi ʻana o ka ratio compress-folding, ʻo ia hoʻi, loaʻa i ka HPMC ke kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka paʻakikī paʻa. . Ma ke ʻano o ka ikaika o ʻekolu mau lā, hiki i ka lehu lele a me ka pauka mineral ke hāʻawi iki i ka ikaika ma 10%, ʻoiai e emi ana ka ikaika ma ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe, a piʻi ka pākuʻi ʻana me ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā mea hoʻohui mineral; i loko o ka ikaika o nā lā ʻehiku, ʻAʻole liʻiliʻi ka hopena o nā mea hoʻohui ʻelua i ka ikaika, akā ʻike mau ka hopena holoʻokoʻa o ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka ikaika lehu lele; e pili ana i ka ikaika 28-lā, ua kōkua nā mea hoʻohui ʻelua i ka ikaika, compressive a me ka flexural ikaika. Ua hoʻonui iki ʻia nā mea ʻelua, akā ua hoʻonui ʻia ka lākiō puʻe me ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻike.

2. No ka 28d compressive a me ka flexural ikaika o ka mortar paʻa, i ka wā o ka admixture maʻiʻo he 20%, ka compressive a me ka flexural ikaika hana 'oi aku ka maikaʻi, a me ka admixture mau alakai i ka uuku mahuahua o ka compressive-fold ratio, e hoike ana i kona Adverse. ka hopena i ka paʻakikī o ka mortar; Ke alakaʻi nei ʻo HPMC i kahi emi nui o ka ikaika, akā hiki ke hoʻemi nui i ka ratio hoʻopili-a-fold.

3. E pili ana i ka ikaika paʻa o ka mortar i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, loaʻa i ka HPMC kekahi hopena maikaʻi i ka ikaika paʻa. ʻO ka nānā ʻana ʻo ia ka hopena o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai e hōʻemi i ka nalowale o ka mortar mortar a hōʻoia i ka lawa o ka hydration; ʻAʻole maʻamau ka pilina ma waena o ka ʻike o ka hui ʻana, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana holoʻokoʻa me ka mortar sima i ka wā he 10%.

Mokuna 5 He ala no ka wānana ʻana i ka ikaika hoʻoemi o ka momi a me ka paʻa

Ma kēia mokuna, ua manaʻo ʻia ke ʻano no ka wānana ʻana i ka ikaika o nā mea hana sima e pili ana i ka coefficient hana hoʻohui a me ka manaʻo ikaika FERET. Manaʻo mua mākou i ka mortar ma ke ʻano he ʻano kuʻikuʻi kūikawā me ka ʻole o nā mea hoʻohui.

Ua ʻike maopopo ʻia ʻo ka ikaika compressive kahi hōʻailona koʻikoʻi no nā mea hana sima (ka ʻoki a me ka mortar) i hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā mea hana. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ka nui o nā mea hoʻoikaika, ʻaʻohe kumu hoʻohālike makemakika hiki ke wānana pololei i kona ikaika. Hoʻopilikia kēia i ka hoʻolālā ʻana, ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mortar a me ke kaʻa. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona e kū nei o ka ikaika paʻa i ko lākou mau pono ponoʻī a me nā pōʻino: wānana kekahi i ka ikaika o ke kaʻa ma o ka porosity o ka pahu mai ka manaʻo maʻamau o ka porosity o nā mea paʻa; ke nānā aku nei kekahi i ka mana o ka pilina pili wai-binder i ka ikaika. Hoʻohui nui ʻia kēia pepa i ka coefficient hana o ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka pozzolanic me ka manaʻo ikaika o Feret, a hana i kekahi mau hoʻomaikaʻi i mea e ʻoi aku ka pololei o ka wānana i ka ikaika compressive.

5.1 Ka Manaʻo ikaika o Feret

I ka makahiki 1892, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Feret i ke kumu hoʻohālike makemakika mua loa no ka wānana ʻana i ka ikaika compressive. Ma lalo o ka manaʻo o nā mea maka i hāʻawi ʻia, ʻo ke ʻano no ka wānana ʻana i ka ikaika ʻoi aku ka manaʻo no ka manawa mua.

ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi o kēia ʻano hoʻohālikelike, ʻo ia ka manaʻo o ka grout, i hoʻopili ʻia me ka ikaika paʻa, he ʻano kino i wehewehe maikaʻi ʻia. I ka manawa like, e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka mana o ka ʻike o ka ea, a hiki ke hōʻoia i ka pololei o ke ʻano. ʻO ke kumu o kēia ʻano hana ʻo ia ka hōʻike ʻana i ka ʻike he palena i ka ikaika paʻa hiki ke loaʻa. ʻO ka hemahema ʻo ia ka nānā ʻole ʻana i ka mana o ka nui o ka ʻāpana aggregate, ke ʻano o ka ʻāpana a me ke ʻano aggregate. I ka wānana ʻana i ka ikaika o ke koʻa i nā makahiki like ʻole ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka waiwai K, hōʻike ʻia ka pilina ma waena o ka ikaika like ʻole a me nā makahiki ma ke ʻano he hoʻonohonoho o nā ʻokoʻa ma o ke kumu hoʻonohonoho. ʻAʻole kūlike ka pihi me ke kūlana maoli (ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka makahiki). ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻolālā ʻia kēia ʻano kumu e Feret no ka mortar o 10.20MPa. ʻAʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻololi piha i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ikaika compressive concrete a me ka mana o ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā ʻāpana ma muli o ka holomua o ka ʻenehana mīkini mortar.

Manaʻo ʻia ma ʻaneʻi ʻo ka ikaika o ka pāpaʻi (ʻoi loa no ka pāpaʻi maʻamau) e hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ka ikaika o ka momi sima i loko o ka pahu, a ʻo ka ikaika o ka pahu sima e pili ana i ka nui o ka paʻi sima, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka pākēneka leo. o ka mea sima i loko o ka paʻi.

Pili loa ka manaʻo i ka hopena o ka ratio void factor i ka ikaika. Eia naʻe, no ka mea, ua hoʻopuka mua ʻia ke kumumanaʻo, ʻaʻole i noʻonoʻo ʻia ka mana o nā mea hoʻohui i ka ikaika paʻa. Ma muli o kēia, e hōʻike ana kēia pepa i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka hoʻohui ʻana ma muli o ka coefficient hana no ka hoʻoponopono hapa. I ka manawa like, ma ke kumu o kēia ʻano, ua kūkulu hou ʻia kahi coefficient o ka porosity i ka ikaika paʻa.

5.2 Ka helu hana

Hoʻohana ʻia ka coefficient hana, Kp, e wehewehe i ka hopena o nā mea pozzolanic i ka ikaika compressive. ʻOiaʻiʻo, pili ia i ke ʻano o ka mea pozzolanic ponoʻī, akā i ka makahiki o ke kaʻa. ʻO ke kumumanaʻo o ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka coefficient hana ʻo ia ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka ikaika compressive o kahi mortar maʻamau me ka ikaika compressive o kekahi mortar me nā mea hoʻohui pozzolanic a hoʻololi i ka sima me ka nui like o ka maikaʻi sima (ʻo ka ʻāina p ka hoʻāʻo coefficient hana. E hoʻohana i ka surrogate. pākēneka). ʻO ka ratio o kēia mau ikaika ʻelua ua kapa ʻia ʻo ka coefficient hana fO), kahi t ka makahiki o ka mortar i ka manawa o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana. Inā emi ka fO) ma mua o 1, emi ka hana o ka pozzolan ma mua o ka hana o ka sima r. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka fO) ma mua o 1, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hana hou o ka pozzolan.

No ka helu hana maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ikaika compressive 28-lā, e like me ((GBT18046.2008 Granulated blast furnace slag pauka i hoʻohana ʻia i ka sima a me ka paʻa) H90, ka coefficient o ka hana o ka granulated blast furnace slag pauka i loko o ka mortar sima maʻamau. loaʻa ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka 50% sima ma ke kumu o ka hoʻāʻo e like me ((GBT1596.2005 Fly lehu i hoʻohana ʻia i ka sima a me ka ʻuala), loaʻa ka coefficient hana o ka lehu lele ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka 30% cement ma ke kumu o ka mortar sima maʻamau; ho'āʻo Wahi a "GB.T27690.2011 Silica Fume for Mortar and Concrete", ʻo ka coefficient hana o ka silica fume ʻo ia ka lākiō ikaika i loaʻa ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka 10% cement ma ke kumu o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka mortar sima maʻamau.

ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo ka pauka pahū pahū pahū Kp=0.95～1.10, lehu lele Kp=0.7-1.05, ka mahu silica Kp=1.00～1.15. Manaʻo mākou he kūʻokoʻa kona hopena i ka ikaika i ka sima. ʻO ia hoʻi, pono e hoʻomalu ʻia ke ʻano o ka hopena pozzolanic e ka reactivity o ka pozzolan, ʻaʻole ma ka lime precipitation rate o ka hydration cement.

5.3 Ka hopena o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka ikaika

5.4 Ka hopena o ka hoʻohana wai i ka ikaika

5.5 Koefficient hoʻoikaika o ka haku mele ma luna o ka ikaika

E like me nā manaʻo o nā polopeka PK Mehta a me PC Aitcin ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, i mea e hoʻokō ai i ka hana maikaʻi loa a me nā waiwai ikaika o ka HPC i ka manawa like, ʻo ka nui o ka lakene o ka slurry cement i ka hui ʻana he 35:65 [4810] No ka mea. o ka plasticity maʻamau a me ka wai ʻaʻole e loli nui ka huina o ka hui ʻana. I ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻokō ʻana o ka ikaika o ka waihona kumu aggregate i nā koi o ka kikoʻī, ʻaʻole i nānā ʻia ka mana o ka huina o ka aggregate ma ka ikaika, a hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ka hapa hoʻohui holoʻokoʻa i loko o 60-70% e like me nā koi slump. .

Ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia ʻo ka lākiō o nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi a me ka maikaʻi e loaʻa i kekahi mana i ka ikaika o ke kaʻa. E like me kā mākou e ʻike ai, ʻo ka mea nāwaliwali loa o ka ʻiʻo ʻo ia ka ʻāpana hoʻololi ma waena o ka aggregate a me ka sima a me nā mea paʻi cementitious ʻē aʻe. No laila, ʻo ka hāʻule hope loa o ke koki maʻamau ma muli o ka pōʻino mua o ka wahi hoʻololi o ka interface ma lalo o ke koʻikoʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā kumu e like me ka ukana a i ʻole ka hoʻololi wela. ma muli o ka ulu mau ʻana o nā māwae. No laila, ke ʻano like ka degere o ka hydration, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻāpana hoʻololi o ka interface, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka māwae mua e ulu a lōʻihi ma hope o ka neʻe ʻana o ke kaumaha. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻo ka ʻoi aku o ka ʻoi aku o ka nui o nā ʻāpana me nā ʻano geometric maʻamau a me nā unahi nui i ka ʻāpana hoʻololi interface, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi o nā māwae mua, a me ka macroscopically i hōʻike ʻia i ka piʻi ʻana o ka ikaika paʻa me ka piʻi ʻana o ka aggregate coarse. ratio. hoemiia. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka manaʻo ma luna nei he pono ke one waena me ka liʻiliʻi o ka lepo lepo.

Aia kekahi mana o ka nui o ke one i ka hāʻule. No laila, hiki ke hoʻonohonoho mua ʻia ka nui o ke one e nā koi slump, a hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia i loko o 32% a i 46% no ke kaila maʻamau.

Hoʻoholo ʻia ka nui a me ke ʻano o nā admixtures a me nā mineral admixtures e ka hui hoʻāʻo. I loko o ka pāpaʻi maʻamau, ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka mineral e emi iho ma mua o 40%, aʻo ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole pono ka silica fume ma mua o 10%. ʻAʻole pono ka nui o ka sima ma mua o 500kg/m3.

5.6 Ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia ʻano wānana no ke alakaʻi ʻana i ka laʻana helu hoʻohui hui

ʻO nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia penei:

ʻO ka sima ʻo E042.5 cement i hana ʻia e Lubi Cement Factory, Laiwu City, Shandong Province, a ʻo kona density he 3.19 / cm3;

ʻO ka lehu lele ka lehu pōleʻa papa II i hana ʻia e Jinan Huangtai Power Plant, a ʻo kāna coefficient hana ʻo O. 828, ʻo 2.59/cm3 kona mānoanoa;

ʻO ka silica fume i hana ʻia e Shandong Sanmei Silicon Material Co., Ltd. he helu hana o 1.10 a me ka mānoanoa o 2.59/cm3;

ʻO ke one kahawai maloʻo Taian he 2.6 g/cm3, he 1480kg/m3, a he modulus fineness o Mx=2.8;

Hoʻopuka ʻo Jinan Ganggou i ka pōhaku maloʻo 5-'25mm me ka nui nui o 1500kg / m3 a me ka nui o kahi 2.7∥cm3;

ʻO ka mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa wai i hoʻohanaʻia he aliphatic kiʻekiʻe i hanaʻia e ka mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa wai, me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa wai o 20%; Hoʻoholo ʻia ka dosage kikoʻī ma ka hoʻokolohua e like me nā koi o ka slump. ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau hoʻāʻo ʻana o C30 concrete, pono ka slump e ʻoi aku ma mua o 90mm.

1. ikaika hana

2. maikai one

3. Ka Ho'oholo 'ana i nā mea ho'oikaika o kēlā me kēia ikaika

4. E noi i ka inu wai

5. Hoʻoponopono ʻia ke ʻano o ka mea hoʻemi wai e like me ke koi o ka slump. ʻO 1% ka nui, a ua hoʻohui ʻia ʻo Ma=4kg i ka nuipa.

6. Ma keia ano, ua loaa ka ratio helu

7. Ma hope o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka hui ʻana, hiki ke hoʻokō i nā koi slump. ʻO ka ikaika compressive 28d i ana ʻia ʻo 39.32MPa, e kū ana i nā koi.

5.7 Mokuna Hōʻuluʻulu

Ma ka hihia o ka nānā ʻole ʻana i ka launa pū ʻana o nā mea hoʻohui I a me F, ua kūkākūkā mākou i ka coefficient hana a me ka manaʻo ikaika o Feret, a loaʻa iā mākou ka mana o nā kumu he nui i ka ikaika o ka ʻuala.

1 Koefficient hoʻopili paʻa paʻa

2 Ka hopena o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai

3 Ka helu hoʻoikaika o ka haku mele ʻana

4 Hoʻohālikelike maoli. Ua hōʻoia ʻia ʻo ke ʻano wānana ikaika 28d i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia e ka coefficient haʻawina a me ka manaʻo ikaika o Feret i ʻaelike maikaʻi me ke kūlana maoli, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e alakaʻi i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka mortar a me ka pā.

Mokuna 6 Ka Hopena a me ka Manao

6.1 Nā hopena nui

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka ʻāpana mua i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka slurry maʻemaʻe a me ka mortar fluidity test o nā ʻano mineral admixtures i hui pū ʻia me ʻekolu ʻano cellulose ethers, a loaʻa i kēia mau lula nui:

1. Loaʻa i ka cellulose ether kekahi mau hopena hoʻopaneʻe a me ka ea. Ma waena o lākou, he nāwaliwali ka mālama ʻana o ka wai i ka CMC ma ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a loaʻa kekahi poho i ka manawa; oiai HPMC he nui ka wai paa a me ka mānoanoa hopena, e hoemi loa i ka wai o ka maemae pulp a me ka mortar, a me ka mānoanoa o ka HPMC me ke kiʻekiʻe nominal viscosity ua ike iki.

2. Ma waena o nā admixtures, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka wai mua a me ka hapalua hola o ka lehu lele ma ka slurry maʻemaʻe a me ka mortar i kekahi ʻano. Hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka 30% o ka hoʻāʻo slurry maʻemaʻe ma kahi o 30mm; ka wai o ka pauda mineral ma ka slurry maʻemaʻe a me ka mortar ʻAʻohe lula o ka mana; ʻoiai he haʻahaʻa ka ʻike o ka silica fume, kona ʻano ultra-fineness, wikiwiki wikiwiki, a me ka adsorption ikaika e hoʻemi nui i ka wai o ka slurry maʻemaʻe a me ka mortar, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hui ʻana me 0.15 Ke % HPMC, e loaʻa kahi mea hiki ole ke hoopihaia ka cone make. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā hopena hoʻāʻo o ka slurry maʻemaʻe, ʻike ʻia ka hopena o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka hoʻāʻo mortar e nāwaliwali. Ma ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i ke koko, ʻaʻole maopopo ka lehu lele a me ka pauka mineral. Hiki i ka silica fume ke hoʻemi nui i ka nui o ke koko, akā ʻaʻole kūpono i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka wai o ka mortar a me ka nalowale i ka manawa, a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻemi i ka manawa hana.

3. Ma nā ʻano like ʻole o ka hoʻololi ʻana, ʻo nā mea e pili ana i ka wai o ka slurry e pili ana i ka sima, ʻo ke ʻano o ka HPMC a me ka silica fume nā kumu nui, ʻelua i ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ke koko a me ka hoʻokele ʻana i ke kūlana kahe. ʻO ka mana o ka lehu lanahu a me ka pauka mineral ka lua a hoʻokani i kahi hana hoʻoponopono kōkua.

4. Loaʻa i nā ʻano ʻekolu o ka cellulose ethers kekahi hopena e hoʻopili ai i ka ea, kahi e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ai nā ʻōhū ma luna o ka ʻili o ka slurry maʻemaʻe. Eia nō naʻe, ke piʻi aku ka ʻike o ka HPMC ma mua o 0.1%, ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka viscosity o ka slurry, ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia nā ʻōpala i ka slurry. e kahe ana. E loaʻa nā ʻōhū ma ka ʻili o ka pahū me ka wai ma luna o 250ram, akā ʻo ka hui paʻa ʻole me ka cellulose ether maʻamau ʻaʻohe ʻōhū a liʻiliʻi wale nō o nā ʻōhū, e hōʻike ana i ka cellulose ether kekahi hopena e komo i ka ea a hana i ka slurry. ʻoʻoleʻa. Eia kekahi, ma muli o ka nui o ka viscosity o ka mortar me ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka wai, he paʻakikī i ka lele ʻana o ka ea i luna e ka hopena paona ponoʻī o ka slurry, akā paʻa ʻia i loko o ka mortar, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoikaika i ka ikaika. mālama ʻole ʻia.

Mahele II Na Waiwai Mekani Moka

1. No ka mortar fluidity kiʻekiʻe, me ka piʻi ʻana o ka makahiki, ʻoi aku ka piʻi ʻana o ka lākiō kuʻi; ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka HPMC he hopena koʻikoʻi o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka ikaika (ʻoi aku ka ʻike o ka emi ʻana o ka ikaika compressive), a ke alakaʻi nei hoʻi i ka paʻi ʻana ʻO ka emi ʻana o ka ratio, ʻo ia hoʻi, he kōkua maopopo ka HPMC i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka paʻakikī paʻa. Ma ke ʻano o ka ikaika o ʻekolu mau lā, hiki i ka lehu lele a me ka pauka mineral ke hāʻawi iki i ka ikaika ma 10%, ʻoiai e emi ana ka ikaika ma ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe, a piʻi ka pākuʻi ʻana me ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā mea hoʻohui mineral; i loko o ka ikaika o nā lā ʻehiku, ʻAʻole liʻiliʻi ka hopena o nā mea hoʻohui ʻelua i ka ikaika, akā ʻike mau ka hopena holoʻokoʻa o ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka ikaika lehu lele; e pili ana i ka ikaika 28-lā, ua kōkua nā mea hoʻohui ʻelua i ka ikaika, compressive a me ka flexural ikaika. Ua hoʻonui iki ʻia nā mea ʻelua, akā ua hoʻonui ʻia ka lākiō puʻe me ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻike.

2. No ka 28d compressive a me ka flexural ikaika o ka mortar paʻa, i ka wā o ka admixture maʻiʻo he 20%, ka compressive a me ka flexural ikaika oi aku ka maikai, a me ka admixture ke alakai aku nei i ka hoonui iki o ka compressive-to-fold ratio, e hoike ana i kona. ka hopena ma ka moka. Nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka paʻakikī; Ke alakaʻi nei ka HPMC i ka emi nui o ka ikaika.

3. E pili ana i ka ikaika paʻa o ka mortar i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, he hopena maikaʻi ko HPMC i ka ikaika paʻa. ʻO ka nānā ʻana ʻo ia ka hopena o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai e hōʻemi i ka nalowale o ka wai i loko o ka pahū a hōʻoia i ka hydration lawa. ʻO ka ikaika pili e pili ana i ka hoʻohui. ʻAʻole maʻamau ka pilina ma waena o ka dosage, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana holoʻokoʻa me ka mortar sima i ka wā he 10%.

4. ʻAʻole kūpono ʻo CMC i nā mea cementious i hoʻokumu ʻia, ʻaʻole maopopo ka hopena o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai, a i ka manawa like, ʻoi aku ka palupalu o ka mortar; ʻoiai hiki i ka HPMC ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa maikaʻi i ka ratio compression-to-fold a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻakikī o ka mortar, akā ʻo ia ke kumu o ka hoʻemi nui ʻana o ka ikaika compressive.

5. ʻO ka wai piha piha a me nā koi ikaika, ʻoi aku ka pono o ka ʻike HPMC o 0.1%. Ke hoʻohana ʻia ka lehu lele no ka mortar kūkulu a hoʻoikaika ʻia paha e koi ai i ka paʻakikī wikiwiki a me ka ikaika mua, ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ke ʻano, a ʻo ka nui o ka nui ma kahi o 10%. Nā koi; e noʻonoʻo ana i nā mea e like me ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka leo paʻa o ka pauka mineral a me ka silica fume, pono lākou e hoʻomalu ʻia ma 10% a me n 3%. ʻAʻole pili nui nā hopena o nā admixtures a me cellulose ethers, me

he hopena kūʻokoʻa.

ʻO ke kolu o ka ʻāpana I ka hihia o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka pilina ma waena o nā admixtures, ma o ke kūkākūkā ʻana o ka coefficient hana o nā mea hoʻohui mineral a me ka manaʻo ikaika o Feret, loaʻa ke kānāwai hoʻoikaika o nā kumu he nui i ka ikaika o ka lepo (motar):

1. Koefficient hoʻohuihui minerala

2. Ka hopena o ka hoʻohana wai

3. Ke kumu hoʻoikaika o ka haku mele ʻana

4. Hōʻike ka hoʻohālikelike maoli i ke ʻano o ka wānana ikaika 28d i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia e ka coefficient haʻawina a me ka manaʻo ikaika Feret i ʻaelike maikaʻi me ke kūlana maoli, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e alakaʻi i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka mortar a me ka pā.

6.2 Nā hemahema a me nā manaʻo

Ke aʻo nui nei kēia pepa i ka wai a me nā waiwai mechanical o ka paʻi maʻemaʻe a me ka mortar o ka ʻōnaehana cementitious binary. Pono e aʻo hou ʻia ka hopena a me ka hopena o ka hana hui ʻana o nā mea sima nui. Ma ke ʻano hoʻāʻo, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka mortar consistency a stratification. ʻO ka hopena o ka cellulose ether ma ke kūlike a me ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka mortar e aʻo ʻia e ka pae o ka cellulose ether. Eia kekahi, e aʻo pū ʻia ka microstructure o ka mortar ma lalo o ka hana hoʻohui o cellulose ether a me ka mineral admixture.

ʻO ka cellulose ether kekahi o nā mea hoʻohui pono ʻole o nā morta like ʻole. ʻO kona hopena paʻa wai maikaʻi e hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa hana o ka mortar, hana i ka mortar i thixotropy maikaʻi, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻakikī o ka mortar. He kūpono no ke kūkulu ʻana; a ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lehu lele a me ka pauka mineral ma ke ʻano he ʻōpala ʻoihana i loko o ka mortar hiki ke hana i nā pono waiwai nui a me ke kaiapuni

Mokuna 1 Hoolauna

1.1 commodity mortar

1.1.1 ʻO ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka mortar kalepa

Ma ka ʻoihana hale kūkulu hale o koʻu ʻāina, ua loaʻa i ka ʻuala ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻoihana kūʻai, a ke piʻi aʻe nei ke kūʻai aku ʻana o ka mortar i ke kiʻekiʻe a kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku hoʻi no nā morta kūikawā like ʻole, koi ʻia nā mea hana me nā mana ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe e hōʻoia i nā morta like ʻole. Ua kūpono nā hōʻailona hana. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka mortar ʻoihana i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: ka mortar mākaukau a me ka mortar maloʻo. ʻO ka mortar i hoʻomākaukau ʻia ʻo ia ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka mortar i ke kahua kūkulu ma hope o ka hui ʻana me ka wai e ka mea hoʻolako ma mua e like me nā koi o ka papahana, ʻoiai ua hana ʻia ka mortar maloʻo e ka mea hana mortar ma o ka hui ʻana a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā mea cementitious. aggregates a me nā mea hoʻohui e like me kekahi ratio. E hoʻohui i kahi nui o ka wai i ke kahua kūkulu a hui ʻia ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana.

Nui nā nāwaliwali o ka hoʻohana ʻana a me ka hana ʻana o ka mortar kuʻuna. No ka laʻana, ʻaʻole hiki i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o nā mea maka a me ka hui ʻana ma ka pūnaewele ke hoʻokō i nā koi o ke kūkulu civili a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni. Eia kekahi, ma muli o nā kūlana kūkulu hale a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe, maʻalahi ka hana ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka mortar paʻakikī e hōʻoiaʻiʻo, a ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa ka hana kiʻekiʻe. moka. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka mortar maʻamau, loaʻa i ka mortar pāʻoihana kekahi mau mea maikaʻi. ʻO ka mea mua, he maʻalahi kona maikaʻi e hoʻomalu a hōʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kāna hana, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia kāna mau ʻano, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka manaʻo i nā koi ʻenehana. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka mortar maloʻo ʻEulopa i nā makahiki 1950, a ke kākoʻo ikaika nei koʻu ʻāina i ka noi ʻana i ka mortar kalepa. Ua hoʻohana mua ʻo Shanghai i ka mortar pāʻoihana i ka makahiki 2004. Me ka hoʻomohala mau ʻana o ke kaʻina hana urbanization o koʻu ʻāina, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa ma ka mākeke kūlanakauhale, ʻaʻole e hiki ke hoʻololi i ka mortar pāʻoihana me nā pono like ʻole e pani i ka mortar kuʻuna.

1.1.2ʻO nā pilikia i loaʻa i ka mortar pāʻoihana

ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mortar kūʻai ma mua o ka mortar kuʻuna, aia nō ka nui o nā pilikia ʻenehana e like me ka mortar. High fluidity mortar, e like me ka reinforcement mortar, cement-based grouting material, etc., he koi kiʻekiʻe loa i ka ikaika a me ka hana hana, no laila, nui ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā superplasticizers, kahi e hoʻoulu ai i ke koko koʻikoʻi a pili i ka mortar. Hana piha; a no kekahi mau mīkini palaki, no ka mea, ua maʻalahi lākou i ka nalowale o ka wai, ua maʻalahi ka emi ʻana o ka hana ma muli o ka nalowale o ka wai i ka manawa pōkole ma hope o ka hui ʻana, a pōkole loa ka manawa hana: , no ka mea, ma ke ʻano o ka mortar hoʻopaʻa ʻana, ua maloʻo pinepine ka matrix hoʻopaʻa. I ke kaʻina hana, ma muli o ka lawa ʻole o ka mortar e mālama i ka wai, e hoʻopili ʻia ka nui o ka wai e ka matrix, e hopena i ka nele o ka wai kūloko o ka mortar hoʻopaʻa a lawa ʻole ka hydration. ʻO ke ʻano o ka emi ʻana o ka ikaika a me ka emi ʻana o ka ikaika adhesive.

I ka pane ʻana i nā nīnau i luna, hoʻohana nui ʻia kahi mea hoʻohui koʻikoʻi, cellulose ether, i ka mortar. E like me ke ʻano o ka cellulose etherified, cellulose ether ka pili i ka wai, a ʻo kēia pūhui polymer he mea maikaʻi loa ka absorption wai a me ka hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka wai, hiki ke hoʻoponopono maikaʻi i ke kahe koko, ka manawa hana pōkole, stickiness, etc. pilikia.

Eia kekahi, ʻo nā admixtures ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana pani no ka sima, e like me ka lehu lele, granulated blast furnace slag powder (mineral powder), silica fume, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia manawa. ʻIke mākou ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea hoʻohui i nā huahana o nā ʻoihana e like me ka mana uila, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ke kila, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka ferrosilicon a me ka silicon industrial. Inā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana piha ʻia, ʻo ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā mea hoʻohui e noho a luku i kahi ʻāina nui a hoʻopilikia nui. haumia kaiapuni. Ma ka lima ʻē aʻe, inā hoʻohana pono ʻia nā admixtures, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia kekahi mau waiwai o ka ʻuala a me ka mīkini, a hiki ke hoʻoponopono maikaʻi ʻia kekahi mau pilikia ʻenekinia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pahu a me ka mortar. No laila, ʻo ka hoʻohana ākea o nā admixtures he mea pono i ke kaiapuni a me ka ʻoihana. he pomaikai.

1.2Cellulose ethers

ʻO ka cellulose ether (cellulose ether) he pūhui polymer me ka hana ether i hana ʻia e ka etherification o cellulose. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia apo glucosyl i loko o nā macromolecules cellulose ʻekolu mau pūʻulu hydroxyl, kahi hui hydroxyl mua ma ke ono o ke kalapona kalapona, kahi hui hydroxyl lua ma ka lua a me ke kolu o nā kalapona kalapona, a ua pani ʻia ka hydrogen i loko o ka pūʻulu hydroxyl e kahi pūʻulu hydrocarbon e hana i ka cellulose ether. nā mea hoʻopuka. mea. ʻO ka cellulose kahi polyhydroxy polymer pūhui ʻaʻole e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻaʻole hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, akā hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka cellulose i ka wai, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka hopena alkali a me ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kūlohelohe ma hope o ka etherification, a he thermoplasticity kekahi.

Lawe ʻo Cellulose ether i ka cellulose maoli ma ke ʻano he mea maka a hoʻomākaukau ʻia e ka hoʻololi kemika. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ia i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: ionic a me non-ionic ma ke ʻano ionized. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka kemika, ka ʻaila, ke kūkulu ʻana, ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ka keramika a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. .

1.2.1Hoʻokaʻawale i nā cellulose ethers no ke kūkulu ʻana

ʻO ka cellulose ether no ke kūkulu ʻana he huaʻōlelo maʻamau no nā ʻano huahana i hana ʻia e ka hopena o ka cellulose alkali a me ka etherifying agent ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana. Hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻano like ʻole o ka cellulose ethers ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka cellulose alkali me nā mea etherifying ʻokoʻa.

1. E like me ka ionization waiwai o nā substituents, cellulose ethers hiki ke maheleia i elua mahele: ionic (e like me carboxymethyl cellulose) a me ka non-ionic (e like me methyl cellulose).

2. E like me nā ʻano o nā mea pani, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ether cellulose i nā ethers hoʻokahi (e like me ka methyl cellulose) a me nā ethers i hui pū ʻia (e like me ka hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose).

3. E like me ka like ole solubility, ua maheleia i ka wai-soluble (e like me ka hydroxyethyl cellulose) a me ka organic solvent solubility (e like me ka ethyl cellulose), etc. ʻO keʻano noi nui i loko o ka mortar maloʻo maloʻo he wai-soluble cellulose,ʻoiai ka wai. -soluble cellulose Ua māhele ʻia i ke ʻano koke a me ke ʻano dissolution lohi ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻili.

1.2.2 Ka wehewehe ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hana o ka cellulose ether i loko o ka mortar

ʻO ka cellulose ether kahi mea hoʻohui nui e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai o ka mortar maloʻo maloʻo, a ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea hoʻohui kī e hoʻoholo ai i ke kumukūʻai o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe maloʻo.

1. Ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ka cellulose etera i loko o ka wai, ʻo ka ʻoihana kūʻokoʻa e hōʻoia i ka hoʻopuehu ʻia o ka cementitious i ka ʻōnaehana slurry, a me ka cellulose etera, e like me ka colloid pale, hiki ke "encapsulate" i nā mea paʻa. , Hoʻokumuʻia kahi kiʻi lubricating ma kaʻaoʻao o waho, a hiki i ka lubricating film ke hana i ke kino mortar i ka thixotropy maikaʻi. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka paʻa o ka leo ma ke kūlana kū, a ʻaʻohe mea ʻino e like me ke kahe ʻana a i ʻole ka stratification o nā mea māmā a me nā mea kaumaha, ʻo ia ka mea e paʻa ai ka ʻōnaehana mortar; ʻoiai i loko o ke kūlana hana hoʻonāukiuki, e pāʻani ka cellulose ether i ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka ʻako ʻana o ka slurry. ʻO ka hopena o ke kūpaʻa ʻokoʻa e loaʻa i ka mortar ka wai maikaʻi a me ka maʻalahi i ka wā o ke kūkulu ʻana i ka wā o ka hui ʻana.

2. Ma muli o nā hiʻohiʻona o kāna ʻano molekala ponoʻī, hiki i ka cellulose ether solution ke mālama i ka wai a ʻaʻole maʻalahi e nalowale ma hope o ka hui ʻana i loko o ka pahū, a e hoʻokuʻu mālie ʻia i kahi manawa lōʻihi, e hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa hana o ka mortar. a hāʻawi i ka mortar i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai maikaʻi a me ka hana.

1.2.3 He mau mea koʻikoʻi o ke kūkulu hale cellulose ethers

1. Methyl Cellulose (MC)

Ma hope o ka mālama ʻia ʻana o ka pulupulu hoʻomaʻemaʻe me ka alkali, hoʻohana ʻia ka methyl chloride ma ke ʻano he etherifying agent e hana ai i ka cellulose ether ma o ke ʻano o nā hopena. ʻO ka degere pani maʻamau ʻo 1. Heʻe 2.0, ʻokoʻa ke degere o ka hoʻololi ʻana a ʻokoʻa hoʻi ka solubility. No ka non-ionic cellulose ether.

2. Hydroxyethyl Cellulose (HEC)

Hoʻomākaukau ʻia ma ka hana ʻana me ka ethylene oxide ma ke ʻano he etherifying agent i mua o ka acetone ma hope o ka mālama ʻia ʻana o ka pulupulu hoʻomaʻemaʻe me ka alkali. ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻololi ʻana he 1.5 a 2.0. Loaʻa iā ia ka hydrophilicity ikaika a maʻalahi ke komo i ka wai.

3. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)

ʻO ka Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kahi ʻano cellulose nona ka hoʻopuka a me ka hoʻohana wikiwiki ʻana i nā makahiki i hala. He cellulose non-ionic i hui ʻia eter i hana ʻia mai ka pulupulu hoʻomaʻemaʻe ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka alkali, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka propylene oxide a me ka methyl chloride ma ke ʻano he etherifying agents, a ma o ke ʻano o nā hopena. ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻololi ʻana he 1.2 a 2.0. ʻOkoʻa kona mau waiwai e like me ka ratio o ka methoxyl content a me ka hydroxypropyl content.

4. Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)

Hoʻomākaukau ʻia ʻo Ionic cellulose ether mai nā fiber maoli (ka pulupulu, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka alkali, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka sodium monochloroacetate ma ke ʻano he etherifying agent, a ma o ke ʻano o nā ʻano lapaʻau. ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻololi ʻana he 0.4-d. 4. Hoʻopilikia nui ʻia kāna hana e ka pae o ka hoʻololi ʻana.

Ma waena o lākou, ʻo ke kolu a me ka hā o nā ʻano cellulose ʻelua i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia hoʻokolohua.

1.2.4 Kūlana Hoʻomohala o ka ʻoihana Cellulose Ether

Ma hope o nā makahiki o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ua lilo ka mākeke cellulose ether i nā ʻāina i hoʻomohala ʻia, a ʻo ka mākeke i nā ʻāina e ulu ana i ka ulu ulu, e lilo ia i mea hoʻoikaika nui no ka ulu ʻana o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka cellulose ether honua i ka wā e hiki mai ana. I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui o ka mana o ka cellulose ether ma mua o 1 miliona tons, me ka helu ʻana o ʻEulopa no 35% o ka nui o ka hoʻohana honua, ukali ʻia e Asia a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. ʻO Carboxymethyl cellulose ether (CMC) ka mea kūʻai nui, ʻo ia ka 56% o ka huina, a ukali ʻia e ka methyl cellulose ether (MC/HPMC) a me ka hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEC), ʻo ia ka 56% o ka huina. 25% a me 12%. ʻO ka ʻoihana cellulose ether haole ka hoʻokūkū nui. Ma hope o ka nui o ka hoʻohui ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hopena i loko o kekahi mau hui nui, e like me Dow Chemical Company a me Hercules Company ma United States, Akzo Nobel i Netherlands, Noviant ma Finland a me DAICEL ma Iapana, etc.

ʻO koʻu ʻāina ka mea hana nui loa a me ka mea kūʻai aku i ka cellulose ether, me ka awelika o ka ulu ʻana o ka makahiki ma mua o 20%. Wahi a nā helu helu mua, aia ma kahi o 50 mau ʻoihana hana cellulose ether ma Kina. Ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mana hana o ka ʻoihana cellulose ether ma mua o 400,000 tons, a aia ma kahi o 20 mau ʻoihana me ka nui o 10,000 tons, aia ma Shandong, Hebei, Chongqing a me Jiangsu. , Zhejiang, Shanghai a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe. I ka makahiki 2011, he 300,000 tons ka mana hana CMC o Kina. Me ka piʻi nui ʻana o ka noi no nā cellulose ethers kiʻekiʻe i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, meaʻai, kemika i kēlā me kēia lā a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ke piʻi nei ka noi home no nā huahana cellulose ether ʻē aʻe ma mua o CMC. ʻOi aku ka nui, ʻo ka mana o MC/HPMC ma kahi o 120,000 tons, a ʻo ka hiki o HEC ma kahi o 20,000 tons. Aia ʻo PAC i ka pae o ka hoʻolaha a me ka noi ʻana ma Kina. Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā māla aila nui o waho a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea kūkulu hale, nā meaʻai, nā kemika a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, ke hoʻonui nei ka nui a me ka māla o PAC i kēlā me kēia makahiki, me ka nui o ka hana ma mua o 10,000 tons.

1.3E noiʻi e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cellulose ether i ka mortar

E pili ana i ka noiʻi noiʻi ʻenekinia o cellulose ether i ka ʻoihana kūkulu, ua alakaʻi nā loea kūloko a me nā haole i kahi helu nui o ka noiʻi hoʻokolohua a me ka nānā ʻana i nā mīkini.

1.3.1Hoʻopuka pōkole o ka noiʻi haole e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cellulose ether i ka mortar

ʻO Laetitia Patural, Philippe Marchal a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ma Palani i kuhikuhi i ka cellulose ether i ka hopena nui i ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka mortar, a ʻo ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike ke kī, a ʻo ke kaumaha mole ke kī e hoʻomalu ai i ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai a me ke kūlike. Me ka piʻi ʻana o ka paona molekala, e emi ana ke koʻikoʻi o ka hua, piʻi ka paʻa, a piʻi ka hana paʻa wai; akā, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hopena o ka molar substitution degree (pili i ka ʻike o ka hydroxyethyl a i ʻole hydroxypropyl) i ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka mortar maloʻo. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ka mālama ʻana o ka wai i nā cellulose ethers me nā degere molar haʻahaʻa.

ʻO kahi hopena koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka mīkini paʻa wai he mea koʻikoʻi nā waiwai rheological o ka mortar. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai nā hopena hoʻāʻo ʻana, no ka mortar maloʻo i hui pū ʻia me ka ratio wai-cement paʻa a me nā mea hoʻohui, ʻo ka hana paʻa ʻana o ka wai maʻamau e like me kona kūlike. Eia naʻe, no kekahi mau cellulose ethers, ʻaʻole maopopo ke ʻano; Eia kekahi, no ka starch ethers, aia kahi ʻano like ʻole. ʻAʻole ʻo ka viscosity o ka hui hou ka mea hoʻohālikelike no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai.

ʻO Laetitia Patural, Patrice Potion, et al., Me ke kōkua o ka pulsed field gradient a me nā ʻenehana MRI, ua ʻike ʻia ka neʻe ʻana o ka wai ma ke kikowaena o ka mortar a me ka substrate unsaturated e hoʻohui ʻia i kahi liʻiliʻi o CE. ʻO ka nalowale o ka wai ma muli o ka hana capillary ma mua o ka hoʻopuehu wai. Hoʻoponopono ʻia ka neʻe ʻana o ka wai e ka hana capillary e ka substrate micropore pressure, a ma ka huli ʻana e hoʻoholo ʻia e ka nui micropore a me Laplace theory interfacial tension, a me ka wai viscosity. Hōʻike kēia i nā waiwai rheological o ka hopena aqueous CE ke kī i ka hana paʻa wai. Eia nō naʻe, kūʻē kēia kuhiakau i kekahi manaʻo ʻae (ʻaʻole i like ka maikaʻi o nā tackifiers e like me ka polyethylene oxide kiʻekiʻe a me ka starch ethers).

Jean. ʻO Yves Petit, Erie Wirquin et al. hoʻohana i ka cellulose ether ma o nā hoʻokolohua, a ʻo kāna 2% solution viscosity mai 5000 a 44500mpa. S mai MC a me HEMC. Huli:

1. No ka helu paʻa o CE, ʻo ke ʻano o ka CE he mana nui i ka viscosity o ka mortar adhesive no nā tile. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka hoʻokūkū ma waena o CE a me ka pauka polymer dispersible no ka adsorption o nā ʻāpana sima.

2. He hopena koʻikoʻi ka adsorption hoʻokūkū o CE a me ka pauka rubber i ka manawa hoʻonohonoho a me ka spalling i ka manawa o ke kūkulu ʻana he 20-30min.

3. Hoʻopili ʻia ka ikaika paʻa e ka hui ʻana o CE a me ka pauka rubber. Inā ʻaʻole hiki i ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni CE ke pale i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka makū ma ke kikowaena o ka tile a me ka mortar, e emi ana ka adhesion ma lalo o ka hoʻōla wela kiʻekiʻe.

4. Pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana a me ka launa pū ʻana o CE a me ka pauka polymer dispersible i ka wā e hoʻolālā ai i ka hapa o ka mortar adhesive no nā tile.

ʻO LSchmitzC o Kelemānia. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo J. Dr. H(a)cker ma ka ʻatikala he kuleana koʻikoʻi ko HPMC a me HEMC i ka cellulose ether i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai i loko o ka palaki maloʻo. Ma waho aʻe o ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka wai paʻa o ka cellulose ether, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻohana i nā cellulose ethers i hoʻololi ʻia e hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻomaikaʻi a hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai hana o ka mortar a me nā waiwai o ka mortar maloʻo a paʻakikī.

1.3.2Hoʻopuka pōkole o ka noiʻi kūloko e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cellulose ether i ka mortar

Ua aʻo ʻo Xin Quanchang mai Xiʻan University of Architecture and Technology i ka mana o nā polymers like ʻole ma kekahi mau waiwai o ka mortar hoʻopaʻa ʻana, a ʻike ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pauka polymer dispersible a me ka hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi wale i ka hana o ka mortar hoʻopaʻa. hiki ke hoemiia kekahi hapa o ke kumukuai; Hōʻike nā hopena hoʻāʻo i ka wā e hoʻomalu ʻia ai ka ʻike o ka pauka latex redispersible ma 0.5%, a ʻo ka ʻike o ka hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether e hoʻomalu ʻia ma 0.2%, ʻo ka mortar i hoʻomākaukau ʻia ke kūpaʻa i ke kulou. a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ikaika o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, a loaʻa ka maʻalahi a me ka plasticity.

Ua hōʻike ʻo Polofesa Ma Baoguo mai ke Kulanui o ʻenehana ʻo Wuhan i ka cellulose ether i maopopo ka hopena retardation, a hiki ke hoʻopili i ke ʻano o nā huahana hydration a me ke ʻano pore o ka slurry sima; Hoʻopili nui ʻia ka cellulose ether ma ka ʻili o nā ʻāpana sima e hana i kahi hopena pale. Hoʻopilikia ia i ka nucleation a me ka ulu ʻana o nā huahana hydration; ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ke kāohi nei ka cellulose ether i ka neʻe ʻana a me ka laha ʻana o nā ion ma muli o kona ʻano viscosity e hoʻonui i ka hopena, a laila e hoʻopaneʻe i ka hydration o ka sima i kekahi ʻano; ʻO ka cellulose ether ka paʻa alkali.

Ua hoʻoholo ʻo Jian Shouwei mai ke Kulanui o ʻenehana ʻo Wuhan e ʻike nui ʻia ke kuleana o CE i ka mortar ma nā ʻano ʻekolu: ka mana paʻa wai maikaʻi, ka hopena i ka paʻa ʻana o ka mortar a me ka thixotropy, a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka rheology. ʻAʻole wale ʻo CE e hāʻawi i ka mortar maikaʻi hana hana, akā no ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka wela hydration o ka sima a hoʻopaneʻe i ke kaʻina hydration kinetic o ka sima, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ma muli o nā hihia hoʻohana like ʻole o ka mortar, aia nō nā ʻokoʻa i kāna hana loiloi. .

Hoʻohana ʻia ka mortar hoʻololi ʻia ʻo CE ma ke ʻano o ka mortar thin-layer i kēlā me kēia lā maloʻo-mix mortar (e like me ka binder brick, putty, thin-layer plastering mortar, etc.). Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia kēia hale kūʻokoʻa me ka wikiwiki o ka wai o ka mortar. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka noiʻi nui e pili ana i ka paʻa ʻana o ka tile maka, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka noiʻi ʻana i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka mortar i hoʻololi ʻia CE.

Ua loaʻa iā Su Lei mai ke Kulanui ʻenehana ʻo Wuhan ma o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka nui o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai, ka poho wai a me ka manawa hoʻonohonoho o ka mortar i hoʻololi ʻia me ka cellulose ether. Hoʻemi mālie ka nui o ka wai, a hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka manawa coagulation; ke hiki ka nui o ka wai i O. Ma hope o 6%, ʻaʻole maopopo hou ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka nui o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai a me ka nalowale o ka wai, a ua aneane pālua ʻia ka manawa hoʻonohonoho; a ʻo ka hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua o kona ikaika compressive e hōʻike ana i ka wā i emi iho ai ka ʻike o ka cellulose ether ma mua o 0.8%, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka cellulose ether ma mua o 0.8%. ʻO ka hoʻonui e hoʻemi nui i ka ikaika compressive; a ma ke ʻano o ka hana hoʻopaʻa ʻana me ka papa momi sima, O. Ma lalo o 7% o ka maʻiʻo, hiki i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka ʻike o ka cellulose ether ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka ikaika hoʻopaʻa.

ʻO Lai Jianqing o Xiamen Hongye Engineering Construction Technology Co., Ltd. i kālailai a hoʻoholo i ka helu kūpono o ka cellulose ether i ka wā e noʻonoʻo ai i ka nui o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai a me ka helu helu kūlike ʻo 0 ma o nā hoʻokolohua e pili ana i ka pae paʻa wai, ikaika a me ka ikaika paʻa o ʻO ka mīkini hoʻoheheʻe wela EPS. 2%; ʻO ka cellulose ether he hopena ikaika e komo ai i ka ea, kahi e hoʻemi ai i ka ikaika, ʻoi aku ka emi ʻana o ka ikaika paʻa tensile, no laila ua ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻohana pū me ka pauka polymer redispersible.

Ua alakaʻi ʻo Yuan Wei lāua ʻo Qin Min o Xinjiang Building Materials Research Institute i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana a me ka noiʻi noiʻi o cellulose ether i loko o ka pahu pahu. Hōʻike nā hopena hoʻāʻo e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo HPMC i ka hana paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka pahu pahu hou a hoʻemi i ka nui o ka pohō wai o ka pahu pahu paʻakikī; Hiki i ka HPMC ke ho'ēmi i ka nalo ʻana o ka ʻūhā hou a hoʻemi i ka naʻau o ka hui ʻana i ka wela. ; E hoʻemi nui ka HPMC i ka ikaika compressive o ka pahu pahu. Ma lalo o nā kūlana ho'ōla kūlohelohe, hiki i kahi nui o ka HPMC ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika o ka specimen i kekahi ʻano.

Ua hōʻike ʻo Li Yuhai o Wacker Polymer Materials Co., Ltd. i ke ʻano a me ka nui o ka pauka latex, ke ʻano o ka cellulose ether a me ke ʻano hoʻōla i ka hopena nui i ke kūʻē ʻana o ka mortar plastering. He mea ʻole ka hopena o ka cellulose ethers i ka ikaika o ka hopena i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka ʻike polymer a me nā kūlana hoʻōla.

Ua hoʻohana ʻo Yin Qingli o AkzoNobel Specialty Chemicals (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. iā Bermocoll PADl, he papa polystyrene i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka cellulose ether, no ka hoʻokolohua, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka mīkini hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe pā waho waho. Hiki i ka Bermocoll PADl ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika paʻa ma waena o ka mortar a me ka papa polystyrene me ka hoʻohui i nā hana āpau o cellulose ether. ʻOiai i ka hihia haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaikaʻi wale i ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai a me ka hana o ka mortar hou, akā hiki nō hoʻi ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka ikaika hoʻopaʻa kumu a me ka ikaika hoʻopaʻa wai kūpaʻa ma waena o ka mortar a me ka papa polystyrene ma muli o ka heleuma kū hoʻokahi. ʻenehana. . Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hopena o ka palaki a me ka hana hoʻopaʻa ʻana me ka papa polystyrene. No ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i kēia mau waiwai, pono e hoʻohana ʻia ka pauka latex redispersible.

Ua kālailai ʻo Wang Peiming mai ke Kulanui ʻo Tongji i ka mōʻaukala hoʻomohala ʻana o ka mortar pāʻoihana a kuhikuhi i ka cellulose ether a me ka pauka latex i ka hopena ʻole i ka hopena o ka hana e like me ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai, ka flexural a me ka ikaika compressive, a me ka modulus elastic o ka pauka maloʻo pāʻoihana.

Ua hoʻoholo ʻo Zhang Lin a me nā mea ʻē aʻe o Shantou Special Economic Zone Longhu Technology Co., Ltd., i loko o ka paʻa paʻa o ka papa polystyrene i hoʻonui ʻia i ka pā o waho o ka ʻōnaehana insulation thermal waho (ʻo ia ka ʻōnaehana Eqos), ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ka nui o ka nui. ʻO ka pauka lāʻau he 2.5% ka palena; ʻO ka viscosity haʻahaʻa, cellulose ether i hoʻololi nui ʻia he mea kōkua nui i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ikaika o ka paʻa paʻa paʻa o ka mortar paʻakikī.

Zhao Liqun o Shanghai Institute of Building Research (Group) Co., Ltd. kuhikuhi i loko o ka 'atikala e cellulose etera hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka paʻa wai o ka paʻakai, a me ka nui ho'ēmi i ka bulk density a me ka compressive ikaika o ka mortar, a hooloihi i ka hoonohonoho ana. manawa o ka hamo. Ma lalo o nā kūlana like, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka cellulose ether me ka viscosity kiʻekiʻe i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka nui o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka mortar, akā ʻoi aku ka emi o ka ikaika compressive a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka manawa hoʻonohonoho. ʻO ka pauka mānoanoa a me ka cellulose ether e hoʻopau i ka haki ʻana o ka mortar ma o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka mortar.

Ua aʻo ʻo Fuzhou University ʻo Huang Lipin et al i ka doping o ka hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether a me ka ethylene. ʻO nā waiwai kino a me ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka mortar sima i hoʻololi ʻia o vinyl acetate copolymer latex pauka. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka cellulose ether ka paʻa wai maikaʻi loa, ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka wai a me ka hopena maikaʻi o ka ea, ʻoiai ʻo nā waiwai hoʻemi wai o ka pauka latex a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā waiwai mechanical o ka mortar. Ka hopena hoʻololi; a aia kahi pae hoʻohālikelike kūpono ma waena o nā polymers.

Ma o kekahi mau hoʻokolohua, ua hōʻike ʻo Chen Qian a me nā mea ʻē aʻe mai Hubei Baoye Construction Industrialization Co., Ltd. ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka manawa hoʻouluulu a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻoulu ʻana e hiki ke hāʻawi i ka pāʻani piha i ka hana o ka cellulose ether i loko o ka mortar mākaukau, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ka hana o ka mortar, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka manawa hoʻoulu. ʻO ka pōkole a lohi paha ka wikiwiki e paʻakikī i ka hana ʻana i ka pahū; ʻO ke koho ʻana i ka cellulose ether kūpono hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana o ka mortar mākaukau.

Ua ʻike ʻo Li Sihan mai ke Kulanui ʻo Shenyang Jianzhu a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka mineral i ka deformation maloʻo maloʻo o ka mortar a hoʻomaikaʻi i kona ʻano mechanical; ʻO ka ratio o ka lime i ke one ka hopena i nā waiwai mechanical a me ka emi ʻana o ka mortar; Hiki i ka pauka polymer redispersible ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mortar. ʻO ka pale ʻana i ka māwae, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka adhesion, ka ikaika flexural, cohesion, ka pale ʻana i ka hopena a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻa wai a me ka hana; ʻO ka cellulose ether ka hopena o ka ea, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻa wai o ka mortar; hiki i ka pulupulu laau ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mortar E hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻohana ʻana, operability, a me ka hana anti-slip, a me ka wikiwiki o ke kūkulu ʻana. Ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui like ʻole no ka hoʻololi ʻana, a ma o ka ratio kūpono, hiki ke hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka mīkini paʻa-kū kūʻē no ka ʻōnaehana insulation thermal o waho me ka hana maikaʻi loa.

ʻO Yang Lei o Henan University of Technology i hui pū me ka HEMC i loko o ka mortar a loaʻa iā ia nā hana ʻelua o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka wai a me ka mānoanoa, ka mea e pale ai i ka lewa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia mai ka wikiwiki ʻana i ka wai i loko o ka mortar plastering. hoʻomaʻamaʻa piha ʻia ka mortar, e hana ana i ka mortar ʻO ka hui pū ʻana me ka ʻenekini e ʻoi aku ka paʻa a ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka paʻa; hiki iā ia ke hoʻemi nui i ka delamination o ka pāpaʻi ʻana i ka momi no ka ʻeated concrete. I ka manawa i hoʻohui ʻia ai ka HEMC i ka mortar, ua emi iki ka ikaika flexural o ka mortar, ʻoiai ua emi nui ka ikaika compressive, a ua hōʻike ka piʻi-compression ratio curve i kahi ʻano piʻi, e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻohui ʻana o HEMC hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻakikī o ka pahū.

Ua ʻike ʻo Li Yanling a me nā mea ʻē aʻe mai Henan University of Technology ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia nā waiwai mechanical o ka mortar i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka mortar maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka paʻa ʻana o ka mortar, i ka wā i hoʻohui ʻia ai ka hui ʻana (ʻo ka ʻike o ka cellulose ether he 0.15%). He 2.33 ka nui o ko ka moka ma'amau.

Ua aʻo ʻo Ma Baoguo mai ke Kulanui o ʻenehana ʻo Wuhan a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i nā hopena o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka styrene-acrylic emulsion, dispersible polymer powder, a me ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai, ka ikaika paʻa a me ka paʻakikī o ka mortar plastering thin. , 'ike 'ia i ka manawa o ka styrene-acrylic emulsion he 4% a hiki i ka 6%, ua hiki aku ka ikaika o ka pa'a o ka moka i ka waiwai maika'i loa, a 'o ka lakio compression-folding ka mea liilii loa; ua piʻi ka maʻiʻo o ka cellulose ether i O. Ma ka 4%, hiki i ka ikaika paʻa o ka mortar ke saturation, a ʻo ka lākiō hoʻopiʻi paʻa ka liʻiliʻi loa; inā he 3% ka ʻike o ka pauka lāʻau, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ikaika hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka mortar, a ke emi nei ka ratio hoʻopili-pilipili me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka pauka. ʻano ʻano.

Ua kuhikuhi ʻo Li Qiao a me nā mea ʻē aʻe o Shantou Special Economic Zone Longhu Technology Co., Ltd. i loko o ka ʻatikala i nā hana o ka cellulose ether i loko o ka pahu sima he paʻa wai, mānoanoa, ea entrainment, retardation a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ikaika paʻa tensile, etc. pili nā hana i ka nānā ʻana a me ke koho ʻana i ka MC, ʻo nā hōʻailona o ka MC e pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia e pili ana i ka viscosity, degere o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka etherification, degere o ka hoʻololi ʻana, kūpaʻa huahana, ʻike waiwai kūpono, ka nui o nā ʻāpana a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ke koho ʻana i ka MC i nā huahana mortar like ʻole, pono e waiho ʻia nā koi o ka hana no MC ponoʻī e like me ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā koi o nā huahana mortar kikoʻī, a pono e koho ʻia nā ʻano MC kūpono i hui pū ʻia me ka haku mele a me nā ʻāpana kuhikuhi kumu o MC.

Ua ʻike ʻo Qiu Yongxia o Beijing Wanbo Huijia Science and Trade Co., Ltd. me ka piʻi ʻana o ka viscosity o cellulose ether, ua piʻi ka nui o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka mortar; ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā ʻāpana o ka cellulose ether, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai; ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻa wai o ka cellulose ether; ke emi nei ka paʻa wai o ka cellulose ether me ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana mortar.

Ua kuhikuhi ʻo Zhang Bin o ke Kulanui ʻo Tongji a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka ʻatikala e pili pono ana nā ʻano hana o ka mortar i hoʻololi ʻia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka viscosity o nā cellulose ethers, ʻaʻole ʻo ka cellulose ethers me ka viscosity nominal kiʻekiʻe i ʻike maopopo i nā ʻano hana, no ka mea. pili pū ʻia e ka nui o nā ʻāpana. , ka helu hoʻoheheʻe a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe.

Ua aʻo ʻo Zhou Xiao a me nā mea ʻē aʻe mai ka Institute of Cultural Relics Protection Science and Technology, China Cultural Heritage Research Institute i ka hāʻawi ʻana o ʻelua additives, polymer rubber powder a me cellulose ether, i ka ikaika paʻa i ka NHL (hydraulic lime) mortar system, a ua ʻike ʻo ia. ka maʻalahi Ma muli o ka nui o ka emi ʻana o ka lime hydraulic, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻohua i ka ikaika tensile lawa me ka pā pōhaku. ʻO ka nui kūpono o ka pauka polymer rubber a me ka cellulose ether hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka ikaika paʻa o ka mortar NHL a hoʻokō i nā koi o ka relic relic a me nā mea pale; i mea e pale ai He hopena ia i ka wai permeability a me ka hanu o ka mortar NHL pono'ī a me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā relics moʻomeheu masonry. Ma ka manawa like, e noʻonoʻo ana i ka hana hoʻopaʻa mua o ka mortar NHL, ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻohui maikaʻi ʻana o ka pauka polymer rubber ma lalo o 0.5% a 1%, a me ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka cellulose ether Ua mālama ʻia ka nui ma kahi o 0.2%.

Ua hana ʻo Duan Pengxuan a me nā mea ʻē aʻe mai ka Beijing Institute of Building Materials Science i ʻelua mau mea hōʻike rheological i hana ʻia ma ke kumu o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke kumu hoʻohālike rheological o ka mortar hou, a ua alakaʻi i ka loiloi rheological o ka mortar masonry maʻamau, plastering mortar a plastering gypsum products. Ua anaia ka denaturation, a ua ike ia he hydroxyethyl cellulose etera a me ka hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose etera i oi aku ka maikai o ka waiwai viscosity mua a me ka hana hoemi viscosity me ka pii ana o ka manawa a me ka mama, hiki ke hoonui i ka binder no ka maikai o ka hoopili ana, thixotropy a me ka pale pale.

Ua ʻike ʻo Li Yanling o Henan University of Technology a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka cellulose ether i loko o ka mortar hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka hana paʻa wai o ka mortar, a laila e hōʻoia i ka holomua o ka hydration cement. ʻOiai ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka cellulose ether e hōʻemi i ka ikaika flexural a me ka ikaika compressive o ka mortar, e hoʻonui mau ana i ka ratio flexural-compression ratio a me ka ikaika paʻa o ka mortar i kekahi ʻano.

1.4Ka noiʻi e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā admixtures i ka mortar ma ka home a ma waho

I ka ʻoihana kūkulu hale i kēia lā, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻuala a me ka mortar, a ke piʻi nei hoʻi ke koi no ka sima. ʻO ka hana ʻana o ka sima he mea hoʻohana nui i ka ikehu a me ka ʻoihana pollution kiʻekiʻe. He mea nui ka mālama ʻana i ka sima no ka mālama ʻana i nā kumukūʻai a mālama i ke kaiapuni. Ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana ʻāpana no ka sima, ʻaʻole hiki i ka admixture mineral ke hoʻokō wale i ka hana o ka mortar a me ke koneki, akā mālama pū kekahi i ka nui o ka sima ma lalo o ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana kūpono.

I loko o ka ʻoihana hana hale, ua nui loa ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā admixtures. Nui nā ʻano ʻano sima i loaʻa ka nui a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea hoʻohui. I waena o lākou, ua hoʻohui ʻia ka ciment Portland maʻamau i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka 5% i ka hana. ~20% hoʻohui. I ke kaʻina hana o nā ʻoihana mortar a me nā ʻoihana hoʻonaninani, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka noi o nā admixtures.

No ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā admixtures i ka mortar, ua hana ʻia ka noiʻi lōʻihi a me ka nui ma ka home a ma waho.

1.4.1Hoʻopuka pōkole o ka noiʻi haole e pili ana i ka admixture i hoʻopili ʻia i ka mortar

P. Kulanui o Kaleponi. JM Momeiro Joe IJ K. Wang et al. ʻike ʻia i loko o ke kaʻina hana hydration o ka gelling material, ʻaʻole i pehu ʻia ka gel i ka nui like, a hiki i ka admixture mineral ke hoʻololi i ke ʻano o ka hydrated gel, a ʻike ʻia e pili ana ka pehu o ka gel i nā cations divalent i ka gel. . Ua hōʻike ka helu o nā kope i ka pilina maikaʻi ʻole.

Kevin J. o Amerika Huipuia. ʻO Folliard lāua ʻo Makoto Ohta et al. Ua kuhikuhi ʻia ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka silica fume a me ka lehu laiki i ka pahū hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka ikaika compressive, ʻoiai ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka lehu lele e hōʻemi i ka ikaika, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka pae mua.

Ua ʻike ʻo Philippe Lawrence lāua ʻo Martin Cyr o Farani e hiki i nā ʻano hui like ʻole ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika mortar ma lalo o ke ʻano kūpono. ʻAʻole maopopo ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā mea hoʻohui mineral like ʻole i ka wā mua o ka hydration. I ka pae hope o ka hydration, pili ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ikaika e ka hana o ka mineral admixture, a ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o ka ikaika i hana ʻia e ka inert admixture ʻaʻole hiki ke manaʻo ʻia he hoʻopiha. ka hopena, akā pono e pili i ka hopena kino o ka nucleation multiphase.

ʻO Bulgaria's ValIly0 Stoitchkov Stl Petar Abadjiev a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ʻike ʻo nā mea kumu he silica fume a me ka lehu lele lele calcium haʻahaʻa ma o nā ʻano kino a me ka mechanical o ka sima a me ka pahu i hui pū ʻia me nā mea hoʻohui pozzolanic ikaika, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika o ka pōhaku sima. He hopena koʻikoʻi ka silica fume i ka hydration mua o nā mea cementitious, ʻoiai he hopena koʻikoʻi ka mea lele lehu i ka hydration hope.

1.4.2Hoʻopuka pōkole o ka noiʻi kūloko e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui i ka mortar

Ma o ka noiʻi hoʻokolohua, ua ʻike ʻo Zhong Shiyun lāua ʻo Xiang Keqin o ke Kulanui ʻo Tongji i ka mīkini hoʻololi i hoʻohui ʻia o kekahi fineness o ka lehu lele a me ka polyacrylate emulsion (PAE), i ka wā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai ka lākiō poly-binder ma 0.08, ka lākiō compression-folding o ka. hoʻonui ʻia ka mortar me ka Ua emi ka maikaʻi a me ka maʻi o ka lehu lele me ka piʻi ʻana o ka lehu lele. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka lehu lele hiki ke hoʻoponopono pono i ka pilikia o ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maʻalahi o ka mortar ma ka hoʻonui wale ʻana i ka ʻike o ka polymer.

Ua aʻo ʻo Wang Yinong o Wuhan Iron and Steel Civil Construction Company i kahi hoʻohui ʻana i ka mortar kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka hana o ka mortar, hoʻemi i ke ʻano o ka delamination, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hiki ke hoʻopaʻa. He kūpono ia no ka masonry a me ka plastering o nā poloka ʻaerated concrete. .

Ua aʻo ʻo Chen Miaomiao a me nā mea ʻē aʻe mai ke Kulanui o ʻenehana ʻo Nanjing i ka hopena o ka hui ʻana i ka lehu lele a me ka pauka mineral i ka mortar maloʻo ma ka hana hana a me nā waiwai mechanical o ka mortar, a ua ʻike ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o ʻelua admixtures ʻaʻole i hoʻomaikaʻi wale i ka hana hana a me nā waiwai mechanical. o ka huikau. Hiki i nā waiwai kino a me nā mīkini ke hoʻemi pono i ke kumukūʻai. ʻO ke ʻano kūpono kūpono e hoʻololi i ka 20% o ka lehu lele a me ka pauka mineral i kēlā me kēia, ʻo ka ratio o ka mortar a me ke one he 1:3, a ʻo ka ratio o ka wai me ka mea he 0.16.

Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻo Zhuang Zihao mai South China University of Technology i ka lākiō wai-binder, hoʻololi i ka bentonite, cellulose ether a me ka pauka lāʻau, a ua aʻo i nā waiwai o ka ikaika mortar, ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai a me ka maloʻo maloʻo o ʻekolu mineral admixtures, a ʻike ʻia ua hiki i ka admixture maʻiʻo. Ma ka 50%, piʻi nui ka porosity a emi iho ka ikaika, a ʻo ka hapa maikaʻi loa o nā hui mineral ʻekolu he 8% limestone pauka, 30% slag, a me 4% lehu lele, hiki ke hoʻokō i ka mālama wai. rate, ka waiwai makemake o ka ikaika.

Ua alakaʻi ʻo Li Ying mai ke Kulanui ʻo Qinghai i kahi ʻano o nā hoʻāʻo o ka mortar i hui pū ʻia me nā mineral admixtures, a hoʻopau a hoʻopaʻa ʻia e hiki i nā admixtures mineral ke hoʻonui i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka lua o nā pauka, a me ka hopena micro-filling a me ka hydration lua o nā admixtures hiki i kekahi ʻano, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka paʻa o ka mortar, ma laila e hoʻonui ai i kona ikaika.

Ua hoʻohana ʻo Zhao Yujing o Shanghai Baosteel New Building Materials Co., Ltd. i ke kumumanaʻo o ka paʻakikī o ka haʻihaʻi a me ka ikaika haʻihaʻi e aʻo ai i ka mana o nā mea hoʻohui mineral i ka brittleness o ka siki. Hōʻike ka hoʻāʻo e hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi iki i ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka mineral i ka paʻakikī haʻihaʻi a me ka ikaika haʻihaʻi o ka mortar; i ka hihia o ke ʻano like o ka hoʻohui ʻana, ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻololi ʻana o 40% o ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka mineral ka mea maikaʻi loa i ka paʻakikī haʻihaʻi a me ka ikaika haʻihaʻi.

Ua kuhikuhi ʻo Xu Guangsheng o ke Kulanui ʻo Henan i ka wā i emi iho ai ka ʻāpana kiko o ka pauka mineral ma mua o E350m2/l [g, haʻahaʻa ka hana, ʻo ka ikaika 3d wale nō ma kahi o 30%, a hoʻomohala ka ikaika 28d i 0 ~ 90% ; ʻoiai ma 400m2 melon g, ka ikaika 3d Hiki ke kokoke i 50%, a ʻo ka ikaika 28d ma luna o 95%. Mai ka hiʻohiʻona o nā kumu kumu o ka rheology, e like me ka hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua o ka mortar fluidity a me ka holo wikiwiki, ua huki ʻia kekahi mau manaʻo: lele ka lehu ma lalo o 20% hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka mortar fluidity a me ka holo wikiwiki, a me ka pauka mineral i ka wā i lalo ka dosage. 25%, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka wai o ka mortar akā ua hoʻemi ʻia ke kahe kahe.

Ua kuhikuhi ʻo Professor Wang Dongmin o Kina University of Mining and Technology a me Professor Feng Lufeng o ke Kulanui ʻo Shandong Jianzhu i ka ʻatikala he ʻekolu mau mea i ka ʻili mai ka manaʻo o nā mea i hoʻohui ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ciment paste, aggregate, ciment paste a aggregate. ʻO ka ʻāpana hoʻololi hoʻololi ITZ (Interfacial Transition Zone) ma ka hui. ʻO ITZ kahi wahi waiwai wai, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka lakene wai-cement kūloko, nui ka porosity ma hope o ka hydration, a ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻonui ai i ka calcium hydroxide. ʻO kēia wahi ka mea e hoʻoulu ai i nā māwae mua, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaumaha. Hoʻoholo nui ka manaʻo i ka ikaika. Hōʻike ka haʻawina hoʻokolohua e hiki i ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka wai endocrine i loko o ka ʻāpana hoʻololi interface, e hoʻemi i ka mānoanoa o ka wahi hoʻololi interface, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika.

Ua ʻike ʻo Zhang Jianxin o ke Kulanui ʻo Chongqing a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ma o ka hoʻololi piha ʻana o ka methyl cellulose ether, polypropylene fiber, redispersible polymer powder, a me nā mea hoʻohui, hiki ke hoʻomākaukau ʻia kahi mortar plastering maloʻo me ka hana maikaʻi. ʻO ka mortar maloʻo i hui pū ʻia me ka pāpaʻi kūʻokoʻa he hiki ke hana maikaʻi, ka ikaika paʻa kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi. ʻO ka maikaʻi o nā pahu a me nā māwae he pilikia maʻamau.

Ua aʻo ʻo Ren Chuanyao o ke Kulanui ʻo Zhejiang a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka hopena o ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether ma nā waiwai o ka lele lehu lehu, a ua kālailai i ka pilina ma waena o ka pulu a me ka ikaika compressive. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether i loko o ka pahu lehu lele hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka hana paʻa ʻana o ka wai, hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa paʻa o ka mortar, a hoʻemi i ka mākū a me ka ikaika compressive o ka mortar. Loaʻa ka pilina maikaʻi ma waena o ka pulu pulu a me ka ikaika compressive 28d. Ma lalo o ke kūlana o ka mākū mākū i ʻike ʻia, hiki ke helu ʻia ka ikaika compressive 28d me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano kūpono.

Ua hoʻohana ʻo Polofesa Pang Lufeng lāua ʻo Chang Qingshan o ke Kulanui ʻo Shandong Jianzhu i ke ʻano hoʻolālā like ʻole e aʻo ai i ka mana o nā hui ʻekolu o ka lehu lele, ka pauka mineral a me ka mahu silica ma ka ikaika o ke kaʻa, a waiho i mua i kahi wānana wānana me kekahi waiwai kūpono ma o ka regression. kālailai. , a ua hōʻoia ʻia kona hiki ke hana.

Ke kumu a me ke koʻikoʻi o kēia haʻawina

Ma ke ʻano he mānoanoa mālama wai koʻikoʻi, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka cellulose ether i ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka meaʻai, ka mortar a me ka hana ʻana a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. Ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui koʻikoʻi i loko o nā mortar like ʻole, hiki i nā ʻano cellulose ethers ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke koko o ka mortar fluidity kiʻekiʻe, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka thixotropy a me ka maʻalahi o ke kūkulu ʻana o ka mortar, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana paʻa wai a me ka ikaika paʻa o ka mortar.

Hoʻonui nui ʻia ka noi ʻana o nā mineral admixtures, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻoponopono wale i ka pilikia o ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka nui o nā huahana ʻoihana, mālama i ka ʻāina a mālama i ke kaiapuni, akā hiki ke hoʻohuli i ka ʻōpala i waiwai a hana i nā pono.

Ua nui nā haʻawina e pili ana i nā ʻāpana o nā morta ʻelua ma ka home a me nā ʻāina ʻē, akā ʻaʻole nui nā haʻawina hoʻokolohua e hoʻohui i nā mea ʻelua. ʻO ke kumu o kēia pepa, ʻo ia ka hoʻohui ʻana i kekahi mau cellulose ethers a me nā mineral admixtures i loko o ka paʻi sima i ka manawa like, kiʻekiʻe fluidity mortar a me plastic mortar (lawe i ka mortar hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ke ʻano he laʻana), ma o ka hoʻāʻo ʻimi ʻana o ka wai a me nā ʻano mechanical like ʻole. ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia ke kānāwai mana o nā ʻano morta ʻelua ke hoʻohui pū ʻia nā ʻāpana, e pili ana i ka cellulose ether e hiki mai ana. A ʻo ka hoʻohana hou ʻana o nā mineral admixtures e hāʻawi i kahi kuhikuhi.

Eia kekahi, ke hāpai nei kēia pepa i ke ʻano no ka wānana ʻana i ka ikaika o ka mortar a me ke koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka manaʻo ikaika FERET a me ka coefficient hana o nā mineral admixtures, hiki ke hāʻawi i kekahi kumu alakaʻi no ka hoʻolālā hui ʻana a me ka wānana ikaika o ka mortar a me ke koʻa.

1.6ʻO ka ʻike noiʻi nui o kēia pepa

Aia nā mea noiʻi nui o kēia pepa:

1. Ma ka hui 'ana i kekahi mau cellulose ethers a me na mea ho'ohui mineral like 'ole, ua ho'okō 'ia nā ho'ā'o e pili ana i ka wai o ka slurry ma'ema'e a me ka pahū wai ki'eki'e, a ua hō'ulu'ulu 'ia nā kānāwai mana a ua kālailai 'ia nā kumu.

2. Ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka cellulose ethers a me nā ʻano mineral admixtures i ka mortar fluidity kiʻekiʻe a me ka mortar hoʻopaʻa ʻana, e ʻimi i ko lākou hopena i ka ikaika compressive, ka ikaika flexural, ka pākuʻi-pele ʻana a me ka mortar hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka mortar fluidity kiʻekiʻe a me ka mortar plastic. ikaika.

3. Hoʻohui pū ʻia me ka manaʻo ikaika FERET a me ka coefficient hana o nā mea hoʻohui mineral, ua manaʻo ʻia kahi ala wanana ikaika no ka mortar a me ke koʻa.

Mokuna 2 Ka nānā 'ana i nā mea maka a me kā lākou mau mea no ka ho'ā'o

2.1 Mea ho'āʻo

2.1.1 Sima (C)

Ua hoʻohana ka hoʻāʻo i ka "Shanshui Dongyue" brand PO. 42.5 Sima.

2.1.2 Ka pauda minerala (KF)

Ua koho ʻia ka $95 grade granulated blast blast slag powder mai Shandong Jinan Luxin New Building Materials Co., Ltd.

2.1.3 Lehu Lehu (FA)

ʻO ka papa II lele lehu i hana ʻia e Jinan Huangtai Power Plant ua koho ʻia, ʻo ka fineness (koe i ka sieve o 459m square hole sieve) he 13%, a ʻo ka lakene koi wai he 96%.

2.1.4 Huhu silika (sF)

Hoʻohana ʻo Silica fume i ka silica fume o Shanghai Aika Silica Fume Material Co., Ltd., ʻo kona density he 2.59/cm3; ʻO 17500m2/kg ka ʻāpana ili kikoʻī, a ʻo ka nui o ka nui o ka ʻāpana ʻo O. 1～0.39m, he 108% ka helu hana 28d, 120% ka lakene koi wai.

2.1.5 Ka pauda latex hiki ke wehe hou (JF)

Hoʻohana ka pauka lāʻau i ka pauka latex Max redispersible 6070N (ʻano hoʻopaʻa ʻana) mai Gomez Chemical China Co., Ltd.

2.1.6 Cellulose ether (CE)

Hoʻohana ʻo CMC i ka papa uhi CMC mai Zibo Zou Yongning Chemical Co., Ltd., a ua ʻae ʻo HPMC i ʻelua ʻano hydroxypropyl methylcellulose mai Gomez Chemical China Co., Ltd.

2.1.7 Nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe

ʻO ka calcium carbonate kaumaha, ka pulupulu lāʻau, ka mea pale wai, ka calcium formate, etc.

2.1,8 quartz one

Hoʻohana ʻia ke one quartz i hana ʻia e ka mīkini i ʻehā ʻano o ka maikaʻi: 10-20 mesh, 20-40 H, 40.70 mesh a me 70.140 H, ʻo 2650 kg / rn3 ka nui, a ʻo ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka pahu he 1620 kg / m3.

2.1.9 Polycarboxylate superplasticizer pauda (PC)

ʻO ka pauka polycarboxylate o Suzhou Xingbang Chemical Building Materials Co., Ltd.) ʻo 1J1030, a ʻo ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka wai he 30%.

2.1.10 Ke one (S)

Hoʻohana ʻia ke one waena o Dawen River ma Taiʻan.

2.1.11 ʻAiʻiliʻili (G)

E hoʻohana iā Jinan Ganggou e hana i 5″ ~ 25 pōhaku ʻoki.

2.2 Hana ho'āʻo

2.2.1 Ke ala ho'āʻo no ka slurry fluidity

Lako hoao: NJ. 160 type sima slurry mixer, i hanaia e Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd.

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā ʻano hoʻāʻo a me nā hopena e like me ke ʻano hoʻāʻo no ka wai o ka paʻi sima ma Appendix A o "GB 50119.2003 Nā kikoʻī kikoʻī no ka noi ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui ʻia" a i ʻole (((GB/T8077-2000 Test Method for Homogeneousness of Concrete Admixtures) .

2.2.2 Ke ala ho'āʻo no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka pahū wai kiʻekiʻe

Lako hoao: JJ. ʻAno 5 mea hoʻoheheʻe sima, i hana ʻia e Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd.;

TYE-2000B mortar compression testing machine, i hana ʻia e Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd.;

TYE-300B mortar bending test machine, i hana ʻia e Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ke ʻano ʻike wai mortar ma "JC. T 986-2005 Cement-based grouting materials” a me “GB 50119-2003 Technical Specifications for the Application of Concrete Admixtures” Appendix A, ka nui o ka cone make i hoʻohana ʻia, ke kiʻekiʻe he 60mm, ʻo ke anawaena o loko o ka awa luna he 70mm. , He 100mm ka anawaena o loko o ka awa haʻahaʻa, a he 120mm ka anawaena o waho o ka awa haʻahaʻa, a ʻaʻole pono e emi iho ka nui o ka paona maloʻo ma mua o 2000g i kēlā me kēia manawa.

Pono nā hopena hoʻāʻo o nā wai ʻelua e lawe i ka waiwai awelika o nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua i ka hopena hope.

2.2.3 Ke ala ho'āʻo no ka ikaika paʻa paʻa o ka momi paʻa

Mea ho'āʻo nui: WDL. Type 5 electronic universal testing machine, i hana ʻia e Tianjin Gangyuan Instrument Factory.

E hoʻokō ʻia ke ʻano hoʻāʻo no ka ikaika paʻa tensile me ka kuhikuhi ʻana i ka Pauku 10 o (JGJ/T70.2009 Kūlana no nā ʻano hoʻāʻo no nā waiwai kumu o nā hale kūkulu hale.

Mokuna 3. Ka hopena o ka cellulose ether ma ka paʻi maʻemaʻe a me ka moka o nā mea sima binary o nā ʻano hui like ʻole.

Ka Piliwaiwai

Ke ʻimi nei kēia mokuna i kekahi mau cellulose ethers a me ka hui ʻana o ka mineral ma o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka nui o nā slurries maʻemaʻe maʻemaʻe maʻemaʻe multi-level a me nā morta a me nā slurries binary cementitious system me nā mea hoʻohui mineral like ʻole a me ko lākou wai a me ka nalowale i ka manawa. ʻO ke kānāwai hoʻoikaika o ka hoʻohana pū ʻana i nā mea i ka wai o ka slurry maʻemaʻe a me ka mortar, a me ka hopena o nā ʻano like ʻole e hōʻuluʻulu ʻia a nānā ʻia.

3.1 Hōʻike o ka protocol hoʻokolohua

I ka nānā ʻana i ka mana o ka cellulose ether i ka hana hana o ka ʻōnaehana cement maʻemaʻe a me nā ʻōnaehana cementitious like ʻole, aʻo nui mākou ma nā ʻano ʻelua:

1. puree. Loaʻa iā ia nā pōmaikaʻi o ka intuition, ka hana maʻalahi a me ka pololei kiʻekiʻe, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka ʻike ʻana i ka adaptability o nā admixtures e like me cellulose ether i ka mea gelling, a ʻike ʻia ka ʻokoʻa.

2. High fluidity mortar. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi kūlana kahe kiʻekiʻe no ka maʻalahi o ke ana a me ka nānā ʻana. Maʻaneʻi,ʻo ka hoʻololiʻana o ka moku'āina kahe e hoʻomaluʻia e nā superplasticizers kiʻekiʻe. I mea e hōʻemi ai i ka hewa o ka hoʻāʻo, hoʻohana mākou i kahi mea hoʻemi wai polycarboxylate me ka hiki ke hoʻololi i ka sima, ka mea maʻalahi i ka mahana, a pono e mālama pono ʻia ka mahana hoʻāʻo.

3.2 Ka ho'āʻo ʻana o ka cellulose ether ma ka wai o ka paʻi sima maʻemaʻe

3.2.1 Papahana ho'āʻo no ka hopena o ka cellulose ether i ka wai o ka paʻi sima maʻemaʻe

Ke manaʻo nei i ka mana o ka cellulose ether i ka wai o ka slurry maʻemaʻe, ua hoʻohana mua ʻia ka slurry sima maʻemaʻe o ka ʻōnaehana cementitious mea hoʻokahi e nānā i ka mana. ʻO ka papa kuhikuhi kuhikuhi nui ma aneʻi e hoʻohana i ka ʻike fluidity intuitive loa.

Manaʻo ʻia nā mea e pili ana i ka neʻe ʻana:

1. Nā ʻano o ka cellulose ethers

2. ʻO ka maʻiʻo ether cellulose

3. Slurry manawa hoomaha

Maʻaneʻi, ua hoʻonohonoho mākou i kaʻike PC o ka pauka ma 0.2%. ʻEkolu pūʻulu a me ʻehā pūʻulu hoʻāʻo i hoʻohana ʻia no ʻekolu ʻano cellulose ethers (carboxymethylcellulose sodium CMC, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC). No ka sodium carboxymethyl cellulose CMC, ʻo ke ʻano o 0%, O. 10%, O. 2%, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Og, 0.39, 0.69 (ʻo ka nui o ka sima i kēlā me kēia hoʻokolohua ʻo 3009). , no ka hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether, he 0%, O. 05%, O. 10%, O. 15%, oia hoi 09, 0.159, 0.39, 0.459.

3.2.2 Nā hopena hoʻāʻo a me ka nānā ʻana i ka hopena o ka cellulose ether i ka wai o ka paʻi sima maʻemaʻe.

(1) ʻO nā hopena hoʻāʻo wai o ka paʻi sima maʻemaʻe i hui pū ʻia me CMC

ʻIkepili o nā hopena hoʻāʻo:

1. Hōʻike mobility:

Ke hoʻohālikelike nei i nā pūʻulu ʻekolu me ka manawa kū hoʻokahi, ma ke ʻano o ka wai mua, me ka hoʻohui ʻana o CMC, ua emi iki ka wai mua; ua emi nui ka hapalua hola me ka nui, ma muli o ka hapalua hola o ka hui blank. ʻO 20mm ka nui ma mua o ka mea mua (ma muli o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka pauka PC): -IJ, emi iki ka wai ma 0.1% dosage, a piʻi hou i ka 0.2% dosage.

I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā pūʻulu ʻekolu me ke ʻano like, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wai o ka hui blank i ka hapalua hola, a ua emi iho i hoʻokahi hola (ma muli paha kēia ma hope o hoʻokahi hola, ʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana sima i ka hydration a me ka hoʻopili ʻana. ua hoʻokumu mua ʻia ka hoʻolālā inter-particle, a ua ʻike hou ʻia ka slurry. ua emi iki ka wai o nā hui C1 a me C2 i ka hapalua hola, e hōʻike ana i ka lawe ʻana o ka wai o CMC i kekahi hopena i ka mokuʻāina; ʻoiai ma ka maʻiʻo o C2, ua piʻi nui i loko o hoʻokahi hola, e hōʻike ana i ka mana o ka hopena o ka hopena retardation o CMC.

2. Ka nānā 'ana i ka wehewehe 'ana.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka ʻike o ka CMC, hoʻomaka ka hanana o ka scratching, e hōʻike ana he hopena ko CMC i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka viscosity o ka paʻi sima, a ʻo ka hopena o ka ea o CMC ke kumu o ka hanauna ʻōhū ea.

(2) ʻO nā hopena hoʻāʻo wai o ka paʻi sima maʻemaʻe i hui pū ʻia me HPMC (viscosity 100,000)

ʻIkepili o nā hopena hoʻāʻo:

1. Hōʻike mobility:

Mai ka laina laina o ka hopena o ka manawa kū i ka fluidity, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka nui o ka fluidity i ka hapalua hola ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hola mua a me hoʻokahi hola, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka ʻike o ka HPMC, nāwaliwali ke ʻano. ʻO ka holoʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole nui ka nalowale o ka wai, e hōʻike ana he paʻa ka wai o ka HPMC i ka slurry, a he hopena hoʻopaneʻe.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻike nui o ka wai i ka ʻike o ka HPMC. Ma ka laulā hoʻokolohua, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻike o ka HPMC, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka wai. He mea paʻakikī loa ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ka mold cone fluidity ma lalo o ka nui o ka wai. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka HPMC, ʻaʻole nui ka nalowale o ka wai i ka manawa no ka slurry maʻemaʻe.

2. Ka nānā 'ana i ka wehewehe 'ana.

ʻO ka pūʻulu blank he mea koko, a hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka wai me ke ʻano o ka HPMC i ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai a me ka hopena mānoanoa ma mua o CMC, a he hana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke kahe koko. ʻAʻole pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā ʻōhū ea nui i ka hopena o ke komo ʻana o ka ea. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ma hope o ka piʻi ʻana o ka viscosity, ʻaʻole hiki ke paʻi ʻia ka ea i hui ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i loko o nā ʻōpū ea liʻiliʻi no ka mea ʻoi loa ka slurry.

(3) ʻO nā hopena hoʻāʻo wai o ka paʻi sima maʻemaʻe i hui pū ʻia me HPMC (viscosity o 150,000)

ʻIkepili o nā hopena hoʻāʻo:

1. Hōʻike mobility:

Mai ka laina laina o ka mana o ka maʻiʻo o ka HPMC (150,000) i ka wai, ʻoi aku ka ʻike o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ʻike ma ka fluidity ma mua o ka 100,000 HPMC, e hōʻike ana e hoʻemi ka piʻi ʻana o ka viscosity o HPMC. ka wailele.

E like me ka nānā ʻana, e like me ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka wai me ka manawa, ʻike ʻia ka hopena o ka hapalua hola o ka HPMC (150,000), ʻoiai ka hopena o -4, ʻoi aku ka ʻino ma mua o ka HPMC (100,000). .

2. Ka nānā 'ana i ka wehewehe 'ana.

He koko i loko o ka hui hakahaka. ʻO ke kumu o ka ʻoki ʻana i ka pā, ʻo ia ka liʻiliʻi o ka ratio wai-cement o ka slurry o lalo ma hope o ke kahe ʻana o ke koko, a ua paʻakikī a paʻakikī ka slurry e ʻohi mai ka pā aniani. He kuleana koʻikoʻi ka hoʻohui ʻana o HPMC i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke ʻano o ke koko. Me ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka maʻiʻo, ua ʻike mua ʻia kahi hua liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a laila ʻike ʻia nā ʻōhū nui. ʻO nā ʻōhū liʻiliʻi ma muli o kekahi kumu. Pēlā nō, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā ʻōpū nui e like me ka hopena o ke komo ʻana o ka ea. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ma hope o ka piʻi ʻana o ka viscosity, ʻo ka ea i hui ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻoulu ʻana he ʻeleʻele loa a ʻaʻole hiki ke kahe mai ka slurry.

3.3 Ka ho'āʻo ʻana o ka cellulose ether ma ka wai o ka slurry maʻemaʻe o nā mea cementitious multi-component.

ʻIke nui kēia ʻāpana i ka hopena o ka hoʻohana pū ʻana o kekahi mau admixtures a me ʻekolu cellulose ethers (carboxymethyl cellulose sodium CMC, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC) ma ka wai o ka pulp.

Pēlā nō, ʻekolu pūʻulu a me ʻehā pūʻulu hoʻāʻo i hoʻohana ʻia no ʻekolu ʻano cellulose ethers (carboxymethylcellulose sodium CMC, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC). No ka sodium carboxymethyl cellulose CMC, ʻo ke ʻano o 0%, 0.10%, a me 0.2%, ʻo ia hoʻi 0g, 0.3g, a me 0.6g (ʻo ke ʻano o ka sima no kēlā me kēia hoʻokolohua he 300g). No ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether, ʻo ke ʻano he 0%, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, ʻo ia hoʻi 0g, 0.15g, 0.3g, 0.45g. Hoʻoponopono ʻia ka ʻike PC o ka pauka ma 0.2%.

Hoʻololi ʻia ka lehu lele a me ka pauka i loko o ka mineral admixture e ka nui like o ke ʻano hui ʻana o loko, a ʻo nā pae hui ʻana he 10%, 20% a me 30%, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻololi ʻana he 30g, 60g a me 90g. Eia naʻe, e noʻonoʻo ana i ka mana o ka hana kiʻekiʻe, ka emi ʻana, a me ka mokuʻāina, mālama ʻia ka ʻike silica fume i 3%, 6%, a me 9%, ʻo ia hoʻi, 9g, 18g, a me 27g.

3.3.1 Hoʻolālā hoʻāʻo no ka hopena o ka cellulose ether ma ka wai o ka slurry maʻemaʻe o ka mea sima binary.

(1) Hoʻolālā hoʻāʻo no ka wai o nā mea cementitious binary i hui pū ʻia me CMC a me nā ʻano hui like ʻole..

(2) Hoʻolālā hoʻāʻo no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o nā mea sima binary i hui pū ʻia me HPMC (viscosity 100,000) a me nā mea hoʻohui mineral like ʻole..

(3) Hoʻolālā hoʻāʻo no ka wai o nā mea sima binary i hui pū ʻia me HPMC (viscosity o 150,000) a me nā ʻano hui like ʻole..

3.3.2 Nā hualoaʻa hoʻāʻo a me ka nānā ʻana i ka hopena o ka cellulose ether i ka wai o nā mea cementitious multi-component.

(1) ʻO nā hopena hoʻāʻo wai wai mua o ka binary cementitious material slurry maʻemaʻe i hui pū ʻia me CMC a me nā ʻano hui like ʻole..

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai kēia, hiki i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka lehu lele ke hoʻonui maikaʻi i ka wai mua o ka slurry, a hoʻonui ia me ka piʻi ʻana o ka lehu lele. I ka manawa like, i ka wā e hoʻonui ai ka ʻike o ka CMC, e emi iki ka wai, a ʻo ka emi ʻana he 20mm.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia e hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka wai mua o ka slurry maʻemaʻe ma ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka pauka mineral, a ʻaʻole ʻike hou ʻia ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ka wai i ka wā ma luna o 20%. I ka manawa like, ka nui o CMC ma O. Ma ka 1%, ka nui o ka wai.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai kēia mea he hopena maikaʻi ʻole ka ʻike o ka silica fume i ka wai mua o ka slurry. I ka manawa like, ua emi iki ka CMC i ka wai.

ʻO nā hopena hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka hapalua hola o nā mea cementitious binary maʻemaʻe i hui pū ʻia me CMC a me nā ʻano hui like ʻole..

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka wai o ka lehu lele no ka hapalua hola he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ke ʻano haʻahaʻa, akā no ka mea kokoke i ka palena kahe o ka slurry maʻemaʻe. I ka manawa like, loaʻa i ka CMC kahi hōʻemi liʻiliʻi o ka wai.

Eia kekahi, ke hoʻohālikelike i ka wai wai mua a me ka hapalua hola, hiki ke ʻike ʻia he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lehu lele no ka mālama ʻana i ka nalowale o ka wai i ka manawa.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai kēia ka nui o ka pauka mineral ʻaʻohe hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka wai o ka slurry maʻemaʻe no ka hapalua hola, a ʻaʻole ikaika ka maʻamau. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole maopopo ka hopena o ka ʻike CMC i ka wai i loko o ka hapalua hola, akā ʻike ʻia ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o 20% mineral powder replacement group.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka wai o ka slurry maʻemaʻe me ka nui o ka silica fume no ka hapalua hola ʻoi aku ka ʻike ma mua o ka mea mua, ʻoi aku ka ʻike o ka hopena ma ka laulā o 6% a 9%. I ka manawa like, ʻo ka emi ʻana o ka ʻike CMC ma ka fluidity e pili ana i 30mm, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka emi ʻana o ka ʻike CMC i ka mua.

(2) ʻO ka hopena o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka wai wai mua o ka slurry maʻemaʻe cementitious binary i hui pū ʻia me HPMC (viscosity 100,000) a me nā ʻano hui like ʻole.

Mai kēia, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka hopena o ka lehu lele i ka wai, akā ʻike ʻia ma ka hoʻāʻo ʻana ʻaʻohe hopena maikaʻi o ka lehu lele i ke koko. Eia kekahi, ʻike maopopo loa ka hopena hoʻemi o ka HPMC i ka wai (ʻoi loa ma ka laulā o 0.1% a 0.15% o ka nui o ka nui, hiki ke hōʻemi i ka nui ma mua o 50mm).

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia he liʻiliʻi ka hopena o ka pauka mineral i ka wai, a ʻaʻole hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ke koko. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka hopena o ka HPMC ma ka fluidity a hiki i 60mm ma ka laulā o 0.1%～0.15% o ka nui kiʻekiʻe.

Mai kēia, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka emi ʻana o ka wai o ka silica fume i ʻoi aku ka ʻike ma ka nui o ka dosage, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka silica fume i ke koko i ka hoʻāʻo. I ka manawa like, he hopena maopopo ka HPMC i ka emi ʻana o ka wai (ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui o ka dosage kiʻekiʻe (0.1% a i ka 0.15%). Ma ke ʻano o nā mea hoʻohālikelike o ka wai, silica fume a me HPMC ke kuleana nui, a 'ē aʻe He mea hoʻoponopono liʻiliʻi kōkua ka admixture.

Hiki keʻikeʻia, ma keʻano laulā, ua like ka hopena o nā mea hoʻohuiʻekolu i ka wai me ka waiwai mua. Aia ka silica fume ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 9% a ʻo ka HPMC maʻiʻo ʻo O. I ka hihia o 15%, ʻo ka hanana i hiki ʻole ke hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka ʻikepili ma muli o ke kūlana maikaʻi ʻole o ka slurry ua paʻakikī ke hoʻopiha i ka mold cone. , e hōʻike ana ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka viscosity o ka silica fume a me ka HPMC ma nā ʻano kiʻekiʻe. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me CMC, ʻike maopopo loa ka hopena o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka viscosity o HPMC.

(3) ʻO ka hopena o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka wai wai mua o ka slurry maʻemaʻe cementitious binary i hui pū ʻia me HPMC (viscosity 100,000) a me nā mea hoʻohui mineral like ʻole.

Mai keia, ua hiki ke ike i ka HPMC (150,000) a me HPMC (100,000) i like ka hopena ma ka slurry, akā, HPMC me kiʻekiʻe viscosity i ka emi iki o ka fluidity, akā,ʻaʻole maopopo, e pono e pili i ka dissolution. o HPMC. He pilina ko ka wikiwiki. Ma waena o nā admixtures, ʻo ka hopena o ka lele lehu ma luna o ka wai o ka slurry he linear a me ka maikaʻi, a hiki i ka 30% o nā mea ke hoʻonui i ka wai e 20,-,30mm; ʻAʻole maopopo ka hopena, a ua kaupalena ʻia kona hopena hoʻomaikaʻi i ke koko; ʻoiai ma kahi kiʻekiʻe liʻiliʻi ma lalo o 10%, ua maopopo loa ka hopena o ka silica fume i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ke koko, a ʻoi aku ka nui o kona ʻili kikoʻī ma mua o ʻelua manawa ka nui o ka sima. ʻO ke kauoha o ka nui, ʻo ka hopena o kāna adsorption o ka wai i ka neʻe ʻana he mea nui loa.

Ma kahi huaʻōlelo, i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka dosage, nā mea e pili ana i ka wai o ka slurry, ʻo ke ʻano o ka silica fume a me HPMC ka mea nui, inā ʻo ia ka mana o ke koko a i ʻole ka mana o ke kahe kahe, ʻo ia. ʻoi aku ka maopopo, ʻē aʻe ʻO ka hopena o nā admixtures he lua a hoʻokani i kahi hana hoʻoponopono kōkua.

ʻO ka hapakolu e hōʻuluʻulu i ka mana o ka HPMC (150,000) a me nā mea hoʻohui i ka wai o ka pulp maʻemaʻe i ka hapalua hola, e like me ke kānāwai mana o ka waiwai mua. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka piʻi ʻana o ka lehu lele ma ka wai o ka slurry maʻemaʻe no ka hapalua hola ma mua o ka piʻi ʻana o ka wai mua, ʻaʻole maopopo ka mana o ka pauda slag, a ʻo ka mana o ka silica fume content ma ka wai. ua maopopo loa. Eia kekahi, ma keʻano o ka maʻiʻo o ka HPMC, he nui nā hanana i hikiʻole ke nininiʻia i nā mea kiʻekiʻe, e hōʻike ana he hopena koʻikoʻi kona O. 15% i ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka viscosity a me ka ho'ēmiʻana i ka wai, a ma keʻano o ka wai no ka hapalua. hoʻokahi hola, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka waiwai mua, ʻo ka pūʻulu slag O. Ua emi maopopo ka wai o 05% HPMC.

Ma keʻano o ka liloʻana o ka wai i ka manawa,ʻo ka hoʻokomoʻiaʻana o ka silica fume ka hopena nui ma luna o ia mea, no ka mea he nui ka maikaʻi o ka silica fume, ka hana kiʻekiʻe, ka wikiwiki wikiwiki, a me ka ikaika ikaika e komo i ka makū, e hopena i kahi maʻalahi. fluidity i ka wā kū. I ka.

3.4 E hoʻāʻo i ka hopena o ka cellulose ether i ka wai o ka mortar kiʻekiʻe-fluidity maʻemaʻe.

3.4.1 Papahana ho'āʻo no ka hopena o ka cellulose ether ma luna o ka wai o ka mortar kiʻekiʻe-fluidity maʻemaʻe.

E hoʻohana i ka mortar fluidity kiʻekiʻe e nānā i kona hopena i ka hana. ʻO ka papa kuhikuhi kuhikuhi nui ma ʻaneʻi ʻo ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka mortar fluidity mua a me ka hapalua hola.

Manaʻo ʻia nā mea e pili ana i ka neʻe ʻana:

1 mau ʻano o ka cellulose ethers,

2 Ka nui o ka cellulose ether,

3 Manawa ku ana o ka moka

3.4.2 Nā hualoaʻa hoʻāʻo a me ka nānā ʻana i ka hopena o ka cellulose ether ma ka wai o ka mortar kiʻekiʻe-fluidity maʻemaʻe.

(1) Nā hualoaʻa hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka wai o ka mīkini sima maʻemaʻe i hui pū ʻia me CMC

ʻO ka hōʻuluʻulu a me ka nānā ʻana o nā hopena hōʻike:

1. Hōʻike mobility:

Ke hoʻohālikelike nei i nā pūʻulu ʻekolu me ka manawa kū hoʻokahi, ma ke ʻano o ka wai mua, me ka hoʻohui ʻana o CMC, ua emi iki ka wai mua, a i ka wā i hōʻea ai ka ʻike i ka O. Ma 15%, aia kahi emi ʻike maopopo; ʻo ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ka wai me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka mea i loko o ka hapalua hola e like me ka waiwai mua.

2. Hōʻailona:

Ma ka manaʻo manaʻo, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka slurry maʻemaʻe, ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā aggregates i loko o ka mortar e maʻalahi i ka hoʻokomo ʻana o nā ea i loko o ka slurry, a ʻo ka hopena hoʻopaʻa ʻana o nā aggregates ma nā lua koko e maʻalahi hoʻi i ka mālama ʻana i nā ea a i ʻole ke koko. I loko o ka slurry, no laila, ʻoi aku ka nui a me ka nui o ka ea a me ka nui o ka mortar ma mua o ka slurry neat. Ma ka lima ʻē aʻe, hiki ke ʻike ʻia me ka piʻi ʻana o ka maʻiʻo o ka CMC, e emi ana ka wai, e hōʻike ana i ka CMC i kahi hopena mānoanoa ma ka mortar, a ʻo ka hapalua hola fluidity hōʻike i nā ʻōpū e kahe ana ma luna o ka ʻili. mahuahua iki. , he hōʻike hoʻi ia o ka piʻi ʻana o ke kūpaʻa, a i ka hiki ʻana o ke kūpaʻa i kahi pae, e paʻakikī ke kahe ʻana o nā ʻōhū, a ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā ʻōhū ma luna o ka ʻili.

(2) ʻO nā hopena hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka wai o ka pahu sima maʻemaʻe i hui pū ʻia me HPMC (100,000)

ʻIkepili o nā hopena hoʻāʻo:

1. Hōʻike mobility:

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai ke kiʻi me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka ʻike o ka HPMC, ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ka wai. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me CMC, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka ikaika o ka HPMC. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopena a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wai. Mai ka 0.05% a hiki i ka 0.1%, ʻoi aku ka ʻike o ka nui o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka wai, a mai O. Ma hope o 1%, ʻaʻole nui ka hoʻololi mua a i ʻole ka hapalua hola i ka fluidity.

2. Ka nānā 'ana i ka wehewehe 'ana.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai ka papa ʻaina a me ke kiʻi ʻaʻohe kumu ʻaʻohe ohu i loko o nā pūʻulu ʻelua o Mh2 a me Mh3, e hōʻike ana i ka nui o ka viscosity o nā pūʻulu ʻelua, e pale ana i ke kahe ʻana o nā ʻōhū i loko o ka slurry.

(3) Ka hopena o ka ho'āʻo ʻana i ka wai o ka momi sima maʻemaʻe i hui pū ʻia me HPMC (150,000)

ʻIkepili o nā hopena hoʻāʻo:

1. Hōʻike mobility:

I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i kekahi mau pūʻulu me ka manawa kū hoʻokahi, ʻo ke ʻano maʻamau ka emi ʻana o ka fluidity mua a me ka hapalua hola me ka piʻi ʻana o ka maʻiʻo o ka HPMC, a ʻoi aku ka maopopo o ka emi ʻana ma mua o ka HPMC me ka viscosity o 100,000, e hōʻike ana i kēlā. ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka viscosity o HPMC e hoʻonui ai. Hoʻoikaika ʻia ka hopena mānoanoa, akā ma O. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka hopena o ka dosage ma lalo o 05%, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka fluidity ma waena o 0.05% a 0.1%, a ʻo ke ʻano hou i ka laulā o 0.1% i ka 0.15%. E lohi, a oki paha i ka loli. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā waiwai lilo o ka hapalua hola (ka wai mua a me ka hapalua hola) o ka HPMC me ʻelua mau viscosities, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo HPMC me ka viscosity kiʻekiʻe hiki ke hōʻemi i ka waiwai pohō, e hōʻike ana i ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka hopena retardation. ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka haʻahaʻa viscosity.

2. Ka nānā 'ana i ka wehewehe 'ana.

Ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ke koko, ʻokoʻa iki ka hopena o nā HPMC ʻelua, hiki iā ia mau mea ʻelua ke mālama pono i ka wai a mānoanoa, hoʻopau i nā hopena ʻino o ke koko, a i ka manawa like e ʻae i nā ʻōhū e kahe maikaʻi.

3.5 E hoʻāʻo i ka hopena o ka cellulose ether ma ka wai o ka mortar fluidity kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻōnaehana cementitious like ʻole.

3.5.1 Hoʻolālā hoʻāʻo no ka hopena o ka cellulose ethers i ka wai o nā morta wai kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻōnaehana mea sima.

Hoʻohana mau ʻia ka mortar fluidity kiʻekiʻe e nānā i kona hopena i ka wai. ʻO nā hōʻailona kuhikuhi nui ka ʻike mua a me ka hapalua hola mortar fluidity detection.

(1) ʻO ka hoʻolālā hoʻāʻo o ka mortar fluidity me nā mea cementitious binary i hui pū ʻia me CMC a me nā ʻano hui like ʻole.

(2) Ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka wai o ka mortar me ka HPMC (viscosity 100,000) a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe binary o nā ʻano hui like ʻole.

(3) Hoʻolālā hoʻāʻo o ka wai o ka mortar me HPMC (viscosity 150,000) a me nā mea sima binary o nā ʻano hui like ʻole.

3.5.2 ʻO ka hopena o ka cellulose ether i ka wai o ka mortar wai kiʻekiʻe i loko o kahi ʻōnaehana cementitious binary o nā mea hoʻohui mineral like ʻole.

(1) Nā hopena hoʻāʻo wai wai mua o ka mortar cementitious binary i hui pū ʻia me CMC a me nā mea hoʻohui like ʻole.

Mai nā hopena ho'āʻo o ka wai mua, hiki ke hoʻoholo i ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka lehu lele hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi iki i ka wai o ka mortar; inā he 10% ka nui o ka pauka mineral, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi iki i ka wai o ka mortar; a ʻoi aku ka hopena o ka silica fume i ka fluidity, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka 6% ~ 9% o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ʻike, ka hopena i ka emi ʻana o ka wai ma kahi o 90mm.

I loko o nā pūʻulu ʻelua o ka lehu lele a me ka pauka mineral, hoʻemi ʻo CMC i ka wai o ka mortar i kekahi ʻano, ʻoiai i loko o ka hui silica fume, O. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka ʻike CMC ma luna o 1% ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopili nui i ka wai o ka mortar.

ʻO nā hopena hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka hapalua hola o ka mortar cementitious binary i hui pū ʻia me CMC a me nā mea hoʻohui like ʻole.

Mai nā hopena ho'āʻo o ka wai i loko o ka hapalua hola, hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia he like ka hopena o ka ʻike o ka admixture a me CMC me ka mea mua, akā hoʻololi ka ʻike o ka CMC i ka hui pauka mineral mai O. 1% i O. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hoʻololi 2%, ma 30mm.

Ma keʻano o ka liloʻana o ka wai i ka manawa,ʻo ka lehu lele ka hopena o ka ho'ēmiʻana i ka poho,ʻoiaiʻo ka pauka mineral a me ka silica fume e hoʻonui i ka waiwai poho ma lalo o ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka 9% dosage o ka silica fume ka mea e hoʻopiha ʻole ʻia ai ka mold hoʻāʻo iā ia iho. , ʻaʻole hiki ke ana pololei ʻia ka wai.

(2) ʻO nā hopena hoʻāʻo wai wai mua o ka mortar cementitious binary i hui pū ʻia me HPMC (viscosity 100,000) a me nā mea hoʻohui like ʻole.

ʻO nā hopena hoʻāʻo wai wai hapalua hola o ka mortar cementitious binary i hui pū ʻia me HPMC (viscosity 100,000) a me nā mea hoʻohui like ʻole.

Hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ma o nā hoʻokolohua e hiki ai i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka lehu lele ke hoʻomaikaʻi iki i ka wai o ka mortar; inā he 10% ka nui o ka pauka mineral, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi iki i ka wai o ka mortar; He maʻalahi loa ke ʻano, a ʻo ka hui HPMC me ka nui kiʻekiʻe ma 9% he mau wahi make, a nalowale ka wai.

ʻO ka maʻiʻo o ka cellulose ether a me ka silica fume ka mea maopopo loa e pili ana i ka wai o ka mortar. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka HPMC ma mua o ka CMC. Hiki i nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka nalowale o ka wai i ka manawa.

(3) ʻO nā hopena hoʻāʻo wai mua o ka mortar cementitious binary i hui pū ʻia me HPMC (viscosity o 150,000) a me nā mea hoʻohui like ʻole.

ʻO nā hopena hoʻāʻo wai wai hapalua hola o ka mortar cementitious binary i hui pū ʻia me HPMC (viscosity 150,000) a me nā mea hoʻohui like ʻole.

Hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ma o nā hoʻokolohua e hiki ai i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka lehu lele ke hoʻomaikaʻi iki i ka wai o ka mortar; inā he 10% ka nui o ka pauka mineral, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi iki ʻia ka wai o ka mortar: ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka silica fume i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke kahe koko, ʻoiai ʻo ka Fluidity kahi hopena koʻikoʻi, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o kona hopena i nā slurries maʻemaʻe. .

Ua ʻike ʻia kahi helu nui o nā wahi make ma lalo o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka cellulose ether (ʻoi loa i ka papa o ka hapalua hola fluidity), e hōʻike ana he hopena koʻikoʻi ka HPMC i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka wai o ka mortar, a me ka pauka mineral a me ka lehu lele hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka nalowale. o ka fluidity i ka manawa.

3.5 Mokuna Mokuna

1. I ka hoʻohālikelike piha ʻana i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka wai o ka paʻi sima maʻemaʻe i hui pū ʻia me ʻekolu cellulose ethers, hiki ke ʻike ʻia.

1. Loaʻa i ka CMC kekahi hopena hoʻopaneʻe a hoʻopaʻa i ka ea, paʻa paʻa wai, a me kekahi poho i ka manawa.

2. ʻIke ʻia ka hopena paʻa wai o ka HPMC, a he mana koʻikoʻi kona ma ka mokuʻāina, a emi nui ka wai me ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻike. Loaʻa iā ia kekahi hopena ea, a maopopo ka mānoanoa. ʻO 15% ka mea e hoʻoulu ai i nā ʻōpū nui i loko o ka slurry, kahi mea e hōʻino ai i ka ikaika. Me ka piʻi ʻana o ka viscosity HPMC, ua piʻi iki ka nalowale o ka slurry fluidity, akā ʻaʻole maopopo.

2. I ka hoʻohālikelike piha ʻana i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka slurry fluidity o ka ʻōnaehana gelling binary o nā mea hoʻohui mineral like ʻole i hui pū ʻia me ʻekolu cellulose ethers, hiki ke ʻike ʻia:

1. ʻO ke kānāwai hoʻoikaika o nā etera cellulose ʻekolu i ka wai o ka slurry o ka ʻōnaehana cementitious binary o nā ʻano mineral admixtures he ʻano like me ke kānāwai mana o ka wai o ka slurry sima maʻemaʻe. He liʻiliʻi ka hopena o ka CMC i ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ke koko, a he hopena nāwaliwali i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka wai; Hiki i nā ʻano ʻelua o ka HPMC ke hoʻonui i ka viscosity o ka slurry a hoʻemi nui i ka wai, a ʻo ka mea me ka viscosity kiʻekiʻe he hopena ʻoi aku ka maopopo.

2. Ma waena o ka admixtures, lele lehu i kekahi degere o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ma ka mua a me ka hapalua hola fluidity o ka maemae slurry, a me ka maʻiʻo o 30% hiki ke hoonui ma kahi o 30mm; ʻO ka hopena o ka pauka mineral ma ka wai o ka slurry maʻemaʻe ʻaʻohe mea maʻamau; silika ʻOiai he haʻahaʻa ka maʻiʻo o ka lehu, ʻo kona ʻano ultra-fineness, wikiwiki ka hopena, a me ka adsorption ikaika e hoʻemi nui i ka wai o ka slurry, ʻoi loa ke hoʻohui ʻia ʻo 0.15% HPMC, e loaʻa ana nā poni cone ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopiha. ʻO ka hanana.

3. I ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ke koko, ʻaʻole maopopo ka lehu lele a me ka pauka mineral, a hiki i ka silica fume ke hōʻemi i ka nui o ke koko.

4. Ma keʻano o ka hapalua hola o ka lilo o ka wai, uaʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka poho o ka lehu lele, aʻoi aku ka nui o ka poho o ka hui e hoʻokomo i ka silica fume.

5. I loko o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka maʻiʻo, nā mea e pili ana i ka wai o ka slurry, ʻo ka ʻike o ka HPMC a me ka silica fume nā kumu nui, inā ʻo ia ka mana o ke koko a i ʻole ka mana o ke kahe kahe, ʻo ia. ʻano maopopo. ʻO ka mana o ka pauka mineral a me ka pauka mineral ka lua, a ke pāʻani nei i kahi hana hoʻoponopono kōkua.

3. I ka hoʻohālikelike piha ʻana i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka wai o ka mīkini sima maʻemaʻe i hui pū ʻia me ʻekolu cellulose ethers, hiki ke ʻike ʻia.

1. Ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ʻekolu cellulose ethers, ua hoʻopau maikaʻi ʻia ke kahe koko, a ua emi ka wai o ka mortar. ʻO kekahi mānoanoa, hopena paʻa wai. Loaʻa i ka CMC kekahi mau hopena hoʻopaneʻe a komo i ka ea, paʻa wai nāwaliwali, a me kekahi poho i ka manawa.

2. Ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka CMC, piʻi aʻe ka nalowale o ka mortar fluidity i ka manawa, ʻo ia paha no ka CMC he ionic cellulose ether, kahi maʻalahi e hana i ka ua me Ca2 + i ka sima.

3. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o nā etera cellulose ʻekolu e hōʻike ana he liʻiliʻi ka hopena o ka CMC i ka wai, a ʻo nā ʻano ʻelua o ka HPMC e hoʻemi nui i ka wai o ka mortar ma ka maʻiʻo o 1/1000, a ʻo ka mea me ka viscosity kiʻekiʻe aʻe iki. maopopo.

4. ʻO nā ʻano ʻekolu o ka cellulose ethers i loaʻa kekahi hopena ea, e hoʻomāhuahua ai ka ʻili o ka ʻili, akā ke piʻi ka maʻiʻo o ka HPMC ma mua o 0.1%, ma muli o ka viscosity kiʻekiʻe o ka slurry, e noho mau nā ʻōpala i loko o ka pahu. slurry a hiki ole ke kahe.

5. ʻO ka hopena o ka mālamaʻana i ka wai o ka HPMC he mea maopopo, he hopena koʻikoʻi i ka moku'āina o ka huiʻana, a emi nui ka wai me ka piʻiʻana o ka mea, a maopopo ka mānoanoa.

4. Hoʻohālikelike piha i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka wai o nā mea hoʻohui ʻia me nā kumulāʻau binary cementitious i hui pū ʻia me ʻekolu cellulose ethers.

E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia:

1. ʻO ke kānāwai hoʻoikaika o ʻekolu cellulose ethers ma ka wai o ka mortar simentitious multi-component ua like ia me ke kānāwai hoʻoikaika i ka wai o ka slurry maʻemaʻe. He liʻiliʻi ka hopena o ka CMC i ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ke koko, a he hopena nāwaliwali i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka wai; Hiki i nā ʻano ʻelua o ka HPMC ke hoʻonui i ka viscosity o ka mortar a hoʻemi nui i ka wai, a ʻo ka mea me ka viscosity kiʻekiʻe he hopena ʻoi aku ka maopopo.

2. Ma waena o nā mea hoʻohui, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lehu lele i ka wai mua a me ka hapalua hola o ka slurry maʻemaʻe; ʻAʻohe mea maʻamau i ka mana o ka pauka slag i ka wai o ka slurry maʻemaʻe; ʻoiai he haʻahaʻa ka ʻike o ka silica fume, ʻo ia ʻO ka ultra-fineness kūʻokoʻa, ka wikiwiki wikiwiki a me ka adsorption ikaika e loaʻa iā ia kahi hopena hoʻemi nui i ka wai o ka slurry. Eia naʻe, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā hopena hoʻāʻo o ka paʻi maʻemaʻe, ʻike ʻia e nāwaliwali ka hopena o nā admixtures.

3. I ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ke koko, ʻaʻole maopopo ka lehu lele a me ka pauka mineral, a hiki i ka silica fume ke hōʻemi i ka nui o ke koko.

4. Ma nā ʻano like ʻole o ka dosage, nā mea e pili ana i ka wai o ka mortar, ʻo ke ʻano o ka HPMC a me ka silica fume nā kumu mua, inā ʻo ia ka mana o ke koko a i ʻole ka mana o ke kahe kahe, ʻoi aku ia. ʻIke ʻia, ʻo ka silica fume 9% Ke 0.15% ka maʻiʻo o ka HPMC, maʻalahi ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ka pahu hoʻopiha piha, a ʻo ka mana o nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe ka lua a ke pāʻani nei i kahi hana hoʻoponopono kōkua.

5. Aia nā ʻōhū ma luna o ka ʻili o ka mortar me ka wai o ka ʻoi aku ma mua o 250mm, akā ʻo ka hui blank me ka cellulose ether maʻamau ʻaʻohe ʻōhū a i ʻole he liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi wale nō o nā puʻupuʻu, e hōʻike ana ua loaʻa i ka cellulose ether kekahi ea-entraining. ka hopena a hana i ka slurry viscous. Eia kekahi, ma muli o ka nui o ka viscosity o ka mortar me ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka wai, he paʻakikī i ka lele ʻana o ka ea i luna e ka hopena paona ponoʻī o ka slurry, akā paʻa ʻia i loko o ka mortar, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoikaika i ka ikaika. mālama ʻole ʻia.

Mokuna 4 Nā hopena o nā Cellulose Ethers ma nā ʻano Mechanical of Mortar

Ua aʻo ka mokuna mua i ka hopena o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cellulose ether a me nā mea hoʻohui mineral like ʻole i ka wai o ka slurry maʻemaʻe a me ka mortar fluidity kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻopili nui kēia mokuna i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka cellulose ether a me nā mea hoʻohui like ʻole ma ka mortar fluidity kiʻekiʻe A me ka mana o ka ikaika compressive a me ka flexural o ka mortar hoʻopaʻa, a me ka pilina ma waena o ka ikaika hoʻopaʻa tensile o ka mortar hoʻopaʻa a me ka cellulose ether a me ka mineral. ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā admixtures.

Wahi a ka noiʻi e pili ana i ka hana hana o ka cellulose ether i ka ciment-based material of pure paste and mortar ma ka Mokuna 3, ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻāʻo ikaika, ʻo ka ʻike o ka cellulose ether he 0.1%.

4.1 Ka ho'āʻo ikaika compressive a me ka flexural o ka pahū wai kiʻekiʻe

Ua noiʻi ʻia ka ikaika compressive a me ka flexural o nā mea hoʻohui mineral a me nā cellulose ethers i loko o ka mortar infusion kiʻekiʻe.

4.1.1 Ka ho'āʻo hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka ikaika compressive a me ka flexural o ka mortar fluidity kiʻekiʻe.

Ua alakaʻi ʻia ka hopena o ʻekolu ʻano cellulose ethers ma nā waiwai compressive a me ka flexural o ka mortar wai kiʻekiʻe i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka sima maʻemaʻe i nā makahiki like ʻole ma kahi maʻiʻo paʻa o 0.1% i alakaʻi ʻia ma ʻaneʻi.

Ka nānā 'ana i ka ikaika mua: Ma ke 'ano o ka ikaika flexural, loa'a i ka CMC kekahi hopena ho'oikaika, a'o HPMC kekahi hopena ho'emi; ma ke ʻano o ka ikaika compressive, ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka cellulose ether he kānāwai like me ka ikaika flexural; pili ka viscosity o HPMC i nā ikaika ʻelua. He liʻiliʻi ka hopena: ma ke ʻano o ka ratio kaomi-fold, hiki i nā ether cellulose ʻekolu ke hoʻemi pono i ka ratio kaomi-fold a hoʻonui i ka maʻalahi o ka mortar. I waena o lākou, ʻo HPMC me ka viscosity o 150,000 ka hopena ʻike loa.

(2) Nā hopena ho'āʻo hoʻohālikelike ikaika ʻehiku lā

Ka nānā 'ana i ka ikaika ehiku lā: Ma ke 'ano o ka ikaika flexural a me ka ikaika compressive, aia kekahi kānāwai like me ka ikaika o nā lā 'ekolu. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā lā ʻekolu o ka paʻi ʻana, aia kahi piʻi iki o ka ikaika o ka paʻi. Eia naʻe, hiki ke ʻike i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ka ʻikepili o ka makahiki like i ka hopena o ka HPMC i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka lākiō kaomi-pele. ʻano maopopo.

(3) He iwakāluakūmāwalu lā nā hopena hoʻohālikelike ikaika

He iwakāluakūmāwalu lā ka nānā ʻana i ka ikaika: Ma ke ʻano o ka ikaika flexural a me ka ikaika compressive, aia nā kānāwai like me ka ikaika o nā lā ʻekolu. Piʻi mālie ka ikaika flexural, a piʻi mau ka ikaika compressive i kekahi ʻano. Hōʻike ka hoʻohālikelike ʻikepili o ka manawa makahiki hoʻokahi he hopena ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka HPMC i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ratio hoʻopili-pilikia.

Wahi a ka hoʻāʻo ikaika o kēia ʻāpana, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka brittleness o ka mortar i kaupalena ʻia e CMC, a i kekahi manawa ua hoʻonui ʻia ka lākiō hoʻoemi-a-fold, e ʻoi aku ka palupalu o ka mortar. Ma ka manawa like, no ka mea ʻoi aku ka laulā o ka hopena paʻa wai ma mua o ka HPMC, ʻo ka cellulose ether a mākou e noʻonoʻo nei no ka hoʻāʻo ikaika ma aneʻi ʻo HPMC o ʻelua viscosities. ʻOiai he hopena ko ka HPMC i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka ikaika (ʻoi loa no ka ikaika mua), he mea maikaʻi ia e hoʻemi i ka ratio compression-refraction, i mea e pono ai i ka paʻakikī o ka mortar. Eia kekahi, hui pū ʻia me nā mea e pili ana i ka fluidity ma ka Mokuna 3, i ke aʻo ʻana i ka hui ʻana o nā admixtures a me CE I ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka hopena, e hoʻohana mākou i ka HPMC (100,000) e like me ka CE pili.

4.1.2 Ka ho'āʻo ʻana o ka ikaika compressive a me ka flexural o ka mineral admixture kiʻekiʻe fluidity mortar.

Wahi a ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka wai o ka slurry maʻemaʻe a me ka mortar i hui pū ʻia me nā admixtures i ka mokuna mua, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ka wai o ka silica fume ma muli o ke koi nui o ka wai, ʻoiai hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka nui a me ka ikaika. kahi ākea. , ʻoi aku ka ikaika compressive, akā he mea maʻalahi ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ratio compression-to-fold, i mea kupanaha ka hiʻohiʻona o ka mortar brittleness, a ʻo ia ka ʻae ʻana e hoʻonui ka silica fume i ka shrinkage o ka mortar. I ka manawa like, ma muli o ka nele o ka ʻili o ka ʻiʻo o ka aggregate coarse, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka emi ʻana o ka mortar e pili ana i ke kaʻa. No ka mortar (ʻoi aku ka mortar kūikawā e like me ka mortar hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka mortar plastering), ʻo ka pōʻino nui loa ka emi ʻana. No nā māwae ma muli o ka lilo ʻana o ka wai, ʻaʻole pinepine ka ikaika i ke kumu koʻikoʻi. No laila, ua hoʻolei ʻia ka silica fume ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui, a ʻo ka lehu lele a me ka pauka mineral wale nō i hoʻohana ʻia e ʻimi i ka hopena o kāna hopena composite me cellulose ether ma ka ikaika.

4.1.1

Ma kēia hoʻokolohua, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hapa o ka mortar ma 4.1.1, a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka ʻike o ka cellulose ether ma 0.1% a hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hui blank. ʻO ka pae dosage o ka hoʻāʻo admixture he 0%, 10%, 20% a me 30%.

4.1.2.2 Nā hopena hōʻike hoʻāʻo ikaika compressive a flexural a me ka nānā ʻana o ka mortar wai kiʻekiʻe

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai ka waiwai hoʻāʻo ikaika compressive ʻo ka ikaika compressive 3d ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka HPMC ma kahi o 5/VIPa haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka hui blank. Ma keʻano laulā, me ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o ka admixture i hoʻohui ʻia, hōʻike ka ikaika compressive i kahi ʻano emi. . Ma keʻano o nā mea hoʻohui, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ikaika o ka hui pauka mineral me ka ʻole o ka HPMC, ʻoiai ʻo ka ikaika o ka pūʻulu lehu lele he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka hui o ka pauka mineral, e hōʻike ana ʻaʻole ikaika ka pauka mineral e like me ka sima. a ʻo kona hoʻohui ʻia e hoʻemi iki i ka ikaika mua o ka ʻōnaehana. ʻO ka lehu lele me ka hana ʻilihune e hōʻemi i ka ikaika me ka maopopo. ʻO ke kumu o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, ʻo ia ke komo nui ʻana o ka lehu lele i ka lua o ka hydration o ka sima, a ʻaʻole i hāʻawi nui i ka ikaika mua o ka mortar.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai nā waiwai hoʻāʻo ikaika flexural e loaʻa mau ana ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka HPMC i ka ikaika flexural, akā inā ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻike o ka admixture, ʻaʻole ʻike hou ʻia ke ʻano o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka ikaika flexural. ʻO ke kumu paha ka hopena paʻa wai o HPMC. Hoʻolohi ʻia ka nui o ka pohō o ka wai ma ka ʻili o ka poloka hoʻāʻo mortar, a ua lawa ka wai no ka hydration.

Ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻohui ʻana, hōʻike ka ikaika flexural i ka emi ʻana me ka piʻi ʻana o ka mea hoʻohui, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ikaika flexural o ka hui pauka mineral ma mua o ka hui lele lele, e hōʻike ana i ka hana o ka pauka mineral. oi aku mamua o ka lehu lele.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai ka helu helu ʻana o ka lākiō hoʻoemi-hoʻemi ʻana o ka hoʻohui ʻana o HPMC e hoʻohaʻahaʻa maikaʻi i ka lākiō hoʻopiʻi a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maʻalahi o ka mortar, akā ʻoiaʻiʻo ma ka lilo o ka hoʻemi nui o ka ikaika compressive.

Ma keʻano o ka hoʻohuiʻana, e like me ka piʻiʻana o ka nui o ka hoʻohuiʻana, e piʻi aʻe ka ratio compression-fold, e hōʻike anaʻaʻole kūpono ka hoʻohuiʻana i ka maʻalahi o ka mortar. Eia kekahi, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka piʻi ʻana o ka pākuʻi-fold ratio o ka mortar me ka ʻole o ka HPMC me ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka admixture. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hoʻonui ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki i ka HPMC ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka embrittlement o ka mortar ma muli o ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā admixtures i kekahi ʻano.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia no ka ikaika compressive o 7d, ʻaʻole ʻike hou ʻia nā hopena ʻino o nā admixtures. Ua like like nā waiwai o ka ikaika compressive i kēlā me kēia pae hoʻohui hoʻohui, a loaʻa nō i ka HPMC kahi hemahema o ka ikaika compressive. hopena.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka ikaika flexural, ʻoi aku ka hopena o ka admixture i ka 7d flexural resistance ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, a ʻo ka hui o nā pauka mineral wale nō i hana maikaʻi, mālama ʻia ma 11-12MPa.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia he hopena ʻino ka admixture ma ke ʻano o ka ratio indentation. Me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o ka mea hoʻohui, e piʻi mālie ka lakene indentation, ʻo ia hoʻi, he brittle ka mortar. Hiki i ka HPMC ke hōʻemi i ka ratio hoʻoemi-fold a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka brittleness o ka mortar.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai ka ikaika compressive 28d, ua pāʻani ka admixture i kahi hopena maikaʻi loa i ka ikaika hope, a ua hoʻonui ʻia ka ikaika compressive e 3-5MPa, ʻo ia ka mea ma muli o ka hopena micro-filling o ka admixture. a me ka mea pozzolanic. ʻO ka hopena hydration lua o ka mea, ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi, hiki ke hoʻohana a hoʻopau i ka calcium hydroxide i hana ʻia e ka hydration cement (ʻo ka calcium hydroxide he wahi nāwaliwali i ka mortar, a ʻo kona hoʻonui ʻana i ka wahi hoʻololi o ka interface e hōʻino i ka ikaika), e hoʻonui i nā huahana hydration hou aʻe, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, e hoʻoikaika i ka degere hydration o ka sima a hoʻomāhuahua i ka mortar. Loaʻa i ka HPMC kahi hopena koʻikoʻi i ka ikaika compressive, a hiki i ka ikaika nāwaliwali ke hiki i ka 10MPa. No ke kālailai ʻana i nā kumu, hoʻolauna ʻo HPMC i kahi nui o nā ʻōhū ea i loko o ke kaʻina hana hui ʻana, e hōʻemi ana i ka paʻa o ke kino moka. ʻO kēia kekahi kumu. Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka HPMC ma luna o ka ʻili o nā ʻāpana paʻa e hana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni, keʻakeʻa nei i ke kaʻina hana hydration, a ʻoi aku ka nāwaliwali o ka pae hoʻololi, ʻaʻole kūpono i ka ikaika.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka ikaika flexural 28d, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka dispersion o ka ʻikepili ma mua o ka ikaika compressive, akā hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka hopena ʻino o HPMC.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia, mai ka manaʻo o ka lākiō hoʻohaʻahaʻa hoʻohaʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka HPMC e hōʻemi i ka lākiō hoʻohaʻahaʻa hoʻoemi a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻakikī o ka mortar. I ka hui hoʻokahi, me ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o nā admixtures, piʻi ka ratio compression-refraction. Hōʻike ka loiloi o nā kumu i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ka admixture i ka ikaika compressive hope, akā i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ikaika flexural hope, ka hopena i ka ratio compression-refraction. hoʻomaikaʻi.

4.2 Nā ho'āʻo ikaika compressive a flexural o ka paʻa paʻa

I mea e 'imi ai i ka mana o ka cellulose etera a me ka admixture ma ka compressive a me ka flexural ikaika o ka paʻa paʻa, ua hoʻopaʻa ka hoʻokolohua i ka maʻiʻo o cellulose etera HPMC (viscosity 100,000) e like me 0.30% o ke kaumaha maloʻo o ka mortar. a hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka pūʻulu hakahaka.

Ho'āʻo mau ʻia nā mea hoʻohui (lehu lele a me ka pauka slag) ma 0%, 10%, 20%, a me 30%.

4.2.1 Ka ho'āʻo ʻana i ka ikaika compressive a me ka flexural o ka momi paʻa

4.2.2 Nā hualoaʻa hoʻāʻo a me ka nānā ʻana i ka mana o ka ikaika compressive a flexural o ka mortar paʻa.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai ka hoʻokolohua ʻana ʻaʻole maikaʻi ʻo HPMC ma ke ʻano o ka ikaika compressive 28d o ka mortar hoʻopaʻa ʻana, e hoʻemi ai ka ikaika ma kahi o 5MPa, akā ʻo ka hōʻailona kī no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka mortar paʻa ʻaʻole ia ikaika compressive, no laila ua ʻae ʻia; I ka 20% o ka mea hoʻohuihui, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ikaika compressive.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai ka hoʻokolohua mai ka manaʻo o ka ikaika flexural, ʻaʻole nui ka emi ʻana o ka ikaika i hana ʻia e HPMC. Maliʻa paha he ʻino ka wai o ka mortar hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me nā hiʻohiʻona plastic i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka mortar wai kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā hopena maikaʻi o ka pahee a me ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai e hoʻopau maikaʻi i kekahi o nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ke kinoea e hōʻemi i ka compactness a me ka nāwaliwali o ka interface; ʻAʻohe hopena ʻike o nā mea hoʻohui i ka ikaika flexural, a ke loli iki nei ka ʻikepili o ka hui lehu lele.

Hiki keʻikeʻia mai nā ho'āʻoʻana, e like me keʻano o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa puʻupuʻu, ma keʻano nui,ʻo ka hoʻonuiʻana o ka mea hoʻohui i hoʻonui i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa hoʻohaʻahaʻa, kahi kūponoʻole i ka paʻakikī o ka mortar; He hopena maikaʻi ko HPMC, hiki ke hoʻemi i ka lākiō hoʻemi puʻe e O. 5 ma luna, pono e kuhikuhi ʻia, e like me "JG 149.2003 Expanded Polystyrene Board Thin Plaster External Wall External Insulation System", ʻaʻohe koi koi. no ka lākiō hoʻopiʻi hoʻopili i ka helu ʻike o ka mīkini hoʻopaʻa ʻana, a ʻo ka lākiō hoʻopiʻi hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau. moka.

4.3 Ho'āʻo ikaika no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana

No ka ʻimi ʻana i ke kānāwai mana o ka hoʻopili ʻana o cellulose ether a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka ikaika paʻa o ka mortar i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, e nānā i ka "JG/T3049.1998 Putty no ke kūkulu ʻana i loko" a me "JG 149.2003 Expanded Polystyrene Board Thin Plastering Exterior Walls" Insulation Pūnaehana", ua lawe mākou i ka ho'āʻo ikaika hoʻopaʻa paʻa o ka mortar hoʻopaʻa, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lākiō paʻa paʻa ma ka Papa 4.2.1, a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ʻike o ka cellulose ether HPMC (viscosity 100,000) i ka 0 o ke kaumaha maloʻo o ka mortar .30% , a hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka pūʻulu hakahaka.

Ho'āʻo mau ʻia nā mea hoʻohui (lehu lele a me ka pauka slag) ma 0%, 10%, 20%, a me 30%.

4.3.1 Ho'āʻo ʻana i ka ikaika o ka paʻa paʻa

4.3.2 Nā hualoaʻa hoʻāʻo a me ka nānā ʻana i ka ikaika paʻa o ka mīkini paʻa

(1) 14d mau hopena ho'āʻo i ka ikaika o ka paʻa paʻa ʻana o ka hamo paʻa a me ka pahu sima

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma ka hoʻokolohua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā hui i hoʻohui ʻia me ka HPMC ma mua o ka pūʻulu blank, e hōʻike ana he pono ka HPMC i ka ikaika hoʻopaʻa ʻana, no ka mea, ʻo ka hopena paʻa wai o HPMC e pale ai i ka wai ma ka pilina paʻa ma waena o ka mortar a. ka pahu hoao sima. Hoʻopiha piha ʻia ka mortar hoʻopaʻa ʻana ma ka interface, a laila e hoʻonui ai i ka ikaika pili.

Ma ke ʻano o ka admixtures, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ikaika paʻa ma kahi ʻano o 10%, a ʻoiai hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ke kiʻekiʻe hydration a me ka wikiwiki o ka sima ma kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, e alakaʻi ia i ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ka hydration degere o ka cementitious. mea, no laila e hoʻopili ai. ka emi ʻana o ka ikaika puʻupuʻu.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai ka hoʻokolohua ma ke ʻano o ka waiwai hoʻāʻo o ka ikaika manawa hana, ʻokoʻa ka ʻikepili, a he liʻiliʻi ka hopena o ka admixture, akā ma ke ʻano nui, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka ikaika kumu, aia kekahi emi, a ʻo ka emi o ka HPMC he mea liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka pūʻulu blank, e hōʻike ana ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka hopena o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai o ka HPMC i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o ka wai, no laila e emi iho ka ikaika o ka mortar ma hope o 2.5h.

(2) 14d mau hopena ho'āʻo ikaika o ka pahu paʻa a me ka papa polystyrene i hoʻonui ʻia

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai ka hoʻokolohua ʻana ʻoi aku ka discrete o ka waiwai hoʻāʻo o ka ikaika paʻa ma waena o ka pahu paʻa a me ka papa polystyrene. Ma keʻano laulā, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hui i hui pū ʻia me HPMC ma mua o ka pūʻulu hakahaka ma muli o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai. ʻAe, ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā admixtures e hōʻemi i ka paʻa o ka hoʻāʻo ikaika paʻa.

4.4 Mokuna Hōʻuluʻulu

1. No ka mortar fluidity kiʻekiʻe, me ka piʻi ʻana o ka makahiki, ʻoi aku ka piʻi ʻana o ka ratio compressive-fold; ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka HPMC he hopena maopopo o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka ikaika (ʻoi aku ka ʻike o ka emi ʻana o ka ikaika compressive), a ke alakaʻi nei hoʻi i ka ʻO ka emi ʻana o ka ratio compress-folding, ʻo ia hoʻi, loaʻa i ka HPMC ke kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka paʻakikī paʻa. . Ma ke ʻano o ka ikaika o ʻekolu mau lā, hiki i ka lehu lele a me ka pauka mineral ke hāʻawi iki i ka ikaika ma 10%, ʻoiai e emi ana ka ikaika ma ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe, a piʻi ka pākuʻi ʻana me ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā mea hoʻohui mineral; i loko o ka ikaika o nā lā ʻehiku, ʻAʻole liʻiliʻi ka hopena o nā mea hoʻohui ʻelua i ka ikaika, akā ʻike mau ka hopena holoʻokoʻa o ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka ikaika lehu lele; e pili ana i ka ikaika 28-lā, ua kōkua nā mea hoʻohui ʻelua i ka ikaika, compressive a me ka flexural ikaika. Ua hoʻonui iki ʻia nā mea ʻelua, akā ua hoʻonui ʻia ka lākiō puʻe me ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻike.

2. No ka 28d compressive a me ka flexural ikaika o ka mortar paʻa, i ka wā o ka admixture maʻiʻo he 20%, ka compressive a me ka flexural ikaika hana 'oi aku ka maikaʻi, a me ka admixture mau alakai i ka uuku mahuahua o ka compressive-fold ratio, e hoike ana i kona Adverse. ka hopena i ka paʻakikī o ka mortar; Ke alakaʻi nei ʻo HPMC i kahi emi nui o ka ikaika, akā hiki ke hoʻemi nui i ka ratio hoʻopili-a-fold.

3. E pili ana i ka ikaika paʻa o ka mortar i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, loaʻa i ka HPMC kekahi hopena maikaʻi i ka ikaika paʻa. ʻO ka nānā ʻana ʻo ia ka hopena o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai e hōʻemi i ka nalowale o ka mortar mortar a hōʻoia i ka lawa o ka hydration; ʻAʻole maʻamau ka pilina ma waena o ka ʻike o ka hui ʻana, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana holoʻokoʻa me ka mortar sima i ka wā he 10%.

Mokuna 5 He ala no ka wānana ʻana i ka ikaika hoʻoemi o ka momi a me ka paʻa

Ma kēia mokuna, ua manaʻo ʻia ke ʻano no ka wānana ʻana i ka ikaika o nā mea hana sima e pili ana i ka coefficient hana hoʻohui a me ka manaʻo ikaika FERET. Manaʻo mua mākou i ka mortar ma ke ʻano he ʻano kuʻikuʻi kūikawā me ka ʻole o nā mea hoʻohui.

Ua ʻike maopopo ʻia ʻo ka ikaika compressive kahi hōʻailona koʻikoʻi no nā mea hana sima (ka ʻoki a me ka mortar) i hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā mea hana. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ka nui o nā mea hoʻoikaika, ʻaʻohe kumu hoʻohālike makemakika hiki ke wānana pololei i kona ikaika. Hoʻopilikia kēia i ka hoʻolālā ʻana, ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mortar a me ke kaʻa. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona e kū nei o ka ikaika paʻa i ko lākou mau pono ponoʻī a me nā pōʻino: wānana kekahi i ka ikaika o ke kaʻa ma o ka porosity o ka pahu mai ka manaʻo maʻamau o ka porosity o nā mea paʻa; ke nānā aku nei kekahi i ka mana o ka pilina pili wai-binder i ka ikaika. Hoʻohui nui ʻia kēia pepa i ka coefficient hana o ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka pozzolanic me ka manaʻo ikaika o Feret, a hana i kekahi mau hoʻomaikaʻi i mea e ʻoi aku ka pololei o ka wānana i ka ikaika compressive.

5.1 Ka Manaʻo ikaika o Feret

I ka makahiki 1892, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Feret i ke kumu hoʻohālike makemakika mua loa no ka wānana ʻana i ka ikaika compressive. Ma lalo o ka manaʻo o nā mea maka i hāʻawi ʻia, ʻo ke ʻano no ka wānana ʻana i ka ikaika ʻoi aku ka manaʻo no ka manawa mua.

ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi o kēia ʻano hoʻohālikelike, ʻo ia ka manaʻo o ka grout, i hoʻopili ʻia me ka ikaika paʻa, he ʻano kino i wehewehe maikaʻi ʻia. I ka manawa like, e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka mana o ka ʻike o ka ea, a hiki ke hōʻoia i ka pololei o ke ʻano. ʻO ke kumu o kēia ʻano hana ʻo ia ka hōʻike ʻana i ka ʻike he palena i ka ikaika paʻa hiki ke loaʻa. ʻO ka hemahema ʻo ia ka nānā ʻole ʻana i ka mana o ka nui o ka ʻāpana aggregate, ke ʻano o ka ʻāpana a me ke ʻano aggregate. I ka wānana ʻana i ka ikaika o ke koʻa i nā makahiki like ʻole ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka waiwai K, hōʻike ʻia ka pilina ma waena o ka ikaika like ʻole a me nā makahiki ma ke ʻano he hoʻonohonoho o nā ʻokoʻa ma o ke kumu hoʻonohonoho. ʻAʻole kūlike ka pihi me ke kūlana maoli (ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka makahiki). ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻolālā ʻia kēia ʻano kumu e Feret no ka mortar o 10.20MPa. ʻAʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻololi piha i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ikaika compressive concrete a me ka mana o ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā ʻāpana ma muli o ka holomua o ka ʻenehana mīkini mortar.

Manaʻo ʻia ma ʻaneʻi ʻo ka ikaika o ka pāpaʻi (ʻoi loa no ka pāpaʻi maʻamau) e hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ka ikaika o ka momi sima i loko o ka pahu, a ʻo ka ikaika o ka pahu sima e pili ana i ka nui o ka paʻi sima, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka pākēneka leo. o ka mea sima i loko o ka paʻi.

Pili loa ka manaʻo i ka hopena o ka ratio void factor i ka ikaika. Eia naʻe, no ka mea, ua hoʻopuka mua ʻia ke kumumanaʻo, ʻaʻole i noʻonoʻo ʻia ka mana o nā mea hoʻohui i ka ikaika paʻa. Ma muli o kēia, e hōʻike ana kēia pepa i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka hoʻohui ʻana ma muli o ka coefficient hana no ka hoʻoponopono hapa. I ka manawa like, ma ke kumu o kēia ʻano, ua kūkulu hou ʻia kahi coefficient o ka porosity i ka ikaika paʻa.

5.2 Ka helu hana

Hoʻohana ʻia ka coefficient hana, Kp, e wehewehe i ka hopena o nā mea pozzolanic i ka ikaika compressive. ʻOiaʻiʻo, pili ia i ke ʻano o ka mea pozzolanic ponoʻī, akā i ka makahiki o ke kaʻa. ʻO ke kumumanaʻo o ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka coefficient hana ʻo ia ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka ikaika compressive o kahi mortar maʻamau me ka ikaika compressive o kekahi mortar me nā mea hoʻohui pozzolanic a hoʻololi i ka sima me ka nui like o ka maikaʻi sima (ʻo ka ʻāina p ka hoʻāʻo coefficient hana. E hoʻohana i ka surrogate. pākēneka). ʻO ka ratio o kēia mau ikaika ʻelua ua kapa ʻia ʻo ka coefficient hana fO), kahi t ka makahiki o ka mortar i ka manawa o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana. Inā emi ka fO) ma mua o 1, emi ka hana o ka pozzolan ma mua o ka hana o ka sima r. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka fO) ma mua o 1, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hana hou o ka pozzolan.

No ka helu hana maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ikaika compressive 28-lā, e like me ((GBT18046.2008 Granulated blast furnace slag pauka i hoʻohana ʻia i ka sima a me ka paʻa) H90, ka coefficient o ka hana o ka granulated blast furnace slag pauka i loko o ka mortar sima maʻamau. loaʻa ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka 50% sima ma ke kumu o ka hoʻāʻo e like me ((GBT1596.2005 Fly lehu i hoʻohana ʻia i ka sima a me ka ʻuala), loaʻa ka coefficient hana o ka lehu lele ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka 30% cement ma ke kumu o ka mortar sima maʻamau; ho'āʻo Wahi a "GB.T27690.2011 Silica Fume for Mortar and Concrete", ʻo ka coefficient hana o ka silica fume ʻo ia ka lākiō ikaika i loaʻa ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka 10% cement ma ke kumu o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka mortar sima maʻamau.

ʻO ka maʻamau, granulated blast furnace slag pauka Kp=0.95～1.10, lehu lele Kp=0.7-1.05, mahu silica Kp=1.00～1.15. Manaʻo mākou he kūʻokoʻa kona hopena i ka ikaika i ka sima. ʻO ia hoʻi, pono e hoʻomalu ʻia ke ʻano o ka hopena pozzolanic e ka reactivity o ka pozzolan, ʻaʻole ma ka lime precipitation rate o ka hydration cement.

5.3 Ka hopena o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka ikaika

5.4 Ka hopena o ka hoʻohana wai i ka ikaika

5.5 Koefficient hoʻoikaika o ka haku mele ma luna o ka ikaika

E like me nā manaʻo o nā polopeka PK Mehta a me PC Aitcin ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, i mea e hoʻokō ai i ka hana maikaʻi loa a me nā waiwai ikaika o ka HPC i ka manawa like, ʻo ka nui o ka lakene o ka slurry cement i ka hui ʻana he 35:65 [4810] No ka mea. o ka plasticity maʻamau a me ka wai ʻaʻole e loli nui ka huina o ka hui ʻana. I ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻokō ʻana o ka ikaika o ka waihona kumu aggregate i nā koi o ka kikoʻī, ʻaʻole i nānā ʻia ka mana o ka huina o ka aggregate ma ka ikaika, a hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ka hapa hoʻohui holoʻokoʻa i loko o 60-70% e like me nā koi slump. .

Ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia ʻo ka lākiō o nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi a me ka maikaʻi e loaʻa i kekahi mana i ka ikaika o ke kaʻa. E like me kā mākou e ʻike ai, ʻo ka mea nāwaliwali loa o ka ʻiʻo ʻo ia ka ʻāpana hoʻololi ma waena o ka aggregate a me ka sima a me nā mea paʻi cementitious ʻē aʻe. No laila, ʻo ka hāʻule hope loa o ke koki maʻamau ma muli o ka pōʻino mua o ka wahi hoʻololi o ka interface ma lalo o ke koʻikoʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā kumu e like me ka ukana a i ʻole ka hoʻololi wela. ma muli o ka ulu mau ʻana o nā māwae. No laila, ke ʻano like ka degere o ka hydration, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻāpana hoʻololi o ka interface, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka māwae mua e ulu a lōʻihi ma hope o ka neʻe ʻana o ke kaumaha. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻo ka ʻoi aku o ka ʻoi aku o ka nui o nā ʻāpana me nā ʻano geometric maʻamau a me nā unahi nui i ka ʻāpana hoʻololi interface, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi o nā māwae mua, a me ka macroscopically i hōʻike ʻia i ka piʻi ʻana o ka ikaika paʻa me ka piʻi ʻana o ka aggregate coarse. ratio. hoemiia. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka manaʻo ma luna nei he pono ke one waena me ka liʻiliʻi o ka lepo lepo.

Aia kekahi mana o ka nui o ke one i ka hāʻule. No laila, hiki ke hoʻonohonoho mua ʻia ka nui o ke one e nā koi slump, a hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia i loko o 32% a i 46% no ke kaila maʻamau.

Hoʻoholo ʻia ka nui a me ke ʻano o nā admixtures a me nā mineral admixtures e ka hui hoʻāʻo. I loko o ka pāpaʻi maʻamau, ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka mineral e emi iho ma mua o 40%, aʻo ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole pono ka silica fume ma mua o 10%. ʻAʻole pono ka nui o ka sima ma mua o 500kg/m3.

5.6 Ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia ʻano wānana no ke alakaʻi ʻana i ka laʻana helu hoʻohui hui

ʻO nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia penei:

ʻO ka sima ʻo E042.5 cement i hana ʻia e Lubi Cement Factory, Laiwu City, Shandong Province, a ʻo kona density he 3.19 / cm3;

ʻO ka lehu lele ka lehu pōleʻa papa II i hana ʻia e Jinan Huangtai Power Plant, a ʻo kāna coefficient hana ʻo O. 828, ʻo 2.59/cm3 kona mānoanoa;

ʻO ka silica fume i hana ʻia e Shandong Sanmei Silicon Material Co., Ltd. he helu hana o 1.10 a me ka mānoanoa o 2.59/cm3;

ʻO ke one kahawai maloʻo Taian he 2.6 g/cm3, he 1480kg/m3, a he modulus fineness o Mx=2.8;

Hoʻopuka ʻo Jinan Ganggou i ka pōhaku maloʻo 5-'25mm me ka nui nui o 1500kg / m3 a me ka nui o kahi 2.7∥cm3;

ʻO ka mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa wai i hoʻohanaʻia he aliphatic kiʻekiʻe i hanaʻia e ka mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa wai, me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa wai o 20%; Hoʻoholo ʻia ka dosage kikoʻī ma ka hoʻokolohua e like me nā koi o ka slump. ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau hoʻāʻo ʻana o C30 concrete, pono ka slump e ʻoi aku ma mua o 90mm.

1. ikaika hana

2. maikai one

3. Ka Ho'oholo 'ana i nā mea ho'oikaika o kēlā me kēia ikaika

4. E noi i ka inu wai

5. Hoʻoponopono ʻia ke ʻano o ka mea hoʻemi wai e like me ke koi o ka slump. ʻO 1% ka nui, a ua hoʻohui ʻia ʻo Ma=4kg i ka nuipa.

6. Ma keia ano, ua loaa ka ratio helu

7. Ma hope o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka hui ʻana, hiki ke hoʻokō i nā koi slump. ʻO ka ikaika compressive 28d i ana ʻia ʻo 39.32MPa, e kū ana i nā koi.

5.7 Mokuna Hōʻuluʻulu

Ma ka hihia o ka nānā ʻole ʻana i ka launa pū ʻana o nā mea hoʻohui I a me F, ua kūkākūkā mākou i ka coefficient hana a me ka manaʻo ikaika o Feret, a loaʻa iā mākou ka mana o nā kumu he nui i ka ikaika o ka ʻuala.

1 Koefficient hoʻopili paʻa paʻa

2 Ka hopena o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai

3 Ka helu hoʻoikaika o ka haku mele ʻana

4 Hoʻohālikelike maoli. Ua hōʻoia ʻia ʻo ke ʻano wānana ikaika 28d i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia e ka coefficient haʻawina a me ka manaʻo ikaika o Feret i ʻaelike maikaʻi me ke kūlana maoli, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e alakaʻi i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka mortar a me ka pā.

Mokuna 6 Ka Hopena a me ka Manao

6.1 Nā hopena nui

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka ʻāpana mua i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka slurry maʻemaʻe a me ka mortar fluidity test o nā ʻano mineral admixtures i hui pū ʻia me ʻekolu ʻano cellulose ethers, a loaʻa i kēia mau lula nui:

1. Loaʻa i ka cellulose ether kekahi mau hopena hoʻopaneʻe a me ka ea. Ma waena o lākou, he nāwaliwali ka mālama ʻana o ka wai i ka CMC ma ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a loaʻa kekahi poho i ka manawa; oiai HPMC he nui ka wai paa a me ka mānoanoa hopena, e hoemi loa i ka wai o ka maemae pulp a me ka mortar, a me ka mānoanoa o ka HPMC me ke kiʻekiʻe nominal viscosity ua ike iki.

2. Ma waena o nā admixtures, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka wai mua a me ka hapalua hola o ka lehu lele ma ka slurry maʻemaʻe a me ka mortar i kekahi ʻano. Hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka 30% o ka hoʻāʻo slurry maʻemaʻe ma kahi o 30mm; ka wai o ka pauda mineral ma ka slurry maʻemaʻe a me ka mortar ʻAʻohe lula o ka mana; ʻoiai he haʻahaʻa ka ʻike o ka silica fume, kona ʻano ultra-fineness, wikiwiki wikiwiki, a me ka adsorption ikaika e hoʻemi nui i ka wai o ka slurry maʻemaʻe a me ka mortar, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hui ʻana me 0.15 Ke % HPMC, e loaʻa kahi mea hiki ole ke hoopihaia ka cone make. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā hopena hoʻāʻo o ka slurry maʻemaʻe, ʻike ʻia ka hopena o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka hoʻāʻo mortar e nāwaliwali. Ma ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i ke koko, ʻaʻole maopopo ka lehu lele a me ka pauka mineral. Hiki i ka silica fume ke hoʻemi nui i ka nui o ke koko, akā ʻaʻole kūpono i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka wai o ka mortar a me ka nalowale i ka manawa, a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻemi i ka manawa hana.

3. Ma nā ʻano like ʻole o ka hoʻololi ʻana, ʻo nā mea e pili ana i ka wai o ka slurry e pili ana i ka sima, ʻo ke ʻano o ka HPMC a me ka silica fume nā kumu nui, ʻelua i ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ke koko a me ka hoʻokele ʻana i ke kūlana kahe. ʻO ka mana o ka lehu lanahu a me ka pauka mineral ka lua a hoʻokani i kahi hana hoʻoponopono kōkua.

4. Loaʻa i nā ʻano ʻekolu o ka cellulose ethers kekahi hopena e hoʻopili ai i ka ea, kahi e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ai nā ʻōhū ma luna o ka ʻili o ka slurry maʻemaʻe. Eia nō naʻe, ke piʻi aku ka ʻike o ka HPMC ma mua o 0.1%, ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka viscosity o ka slurry, ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia nā ʻōpala i ka slurry. e kahe ana. E loaʻa nā ʻōhū ma ka ʻili o ka pahū me ka wai ma luna o 250ram, akā ʻo ka hui paʻa ʻole me ka cellulose ether maʻamau ʻaʻohe ʻōhū a liʻiliʻi wale nō o nā ʻōhū, e hōʻike ana i ka cellulose ether kekahi hopena e komo i ka ea a hana i ka slurry. ʻoʻoleʻa. Eia kekahi, ma muli o ka nui o ka viscosity o ka mortar me ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka wai, he paʻakikī i ka lele ʻana o ka ea i luna e ka hopena paona ponoʻī o ka slurry, akā paʻa ʻia i loko o ka mortar, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoikaika i ka ikaika. mālama ʻole ʻia.

Mahele II Na Waiwai Mekani Moka

1. No ka mortar fluidity kiʻekiʻe, me ka piʻi ʻana o ka makahiki, ʻoi aku ka piʻi ʻana o ka lākiō kuʻi; ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka HPMC he hopena koʻikoʻi o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka ikaika (ʻoi aku ka ʻike o ka emi ʻana o ka ikaika compressive), a ke alakaʻi nei hoʻi i ka paʻi ʻana ʻO ka emi ʻana o ka ratio, ʻo ia hoʻi, he kōkua maopopo ka HPMC i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka paʻakikī paʻa. Ma ke ʻano o ka ikaika o ʻekolu mau lā, hiki i ka lehu lele a me ka pauka mineral ke hāʻawi iki i ka ikaika ma 10%, ʻoiai e emi ana ka ikaika ma ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe, a piʻi ka pākuʻi ʻana me ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā mea hoʻohui mineral; i loko o ka ikaika o nā lā ʻehiku, ʻAʻole liʻiliʻi ka hopena o nā mea hoʻohui ʻelua i ka ikaika, akā ʻike mau ka hopena holoʻokoʻa o ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka ikaika lehu lele; e pili ana i ka ikaika 28-lā, ua kōkua nā mea hoʻohui ʻelua i ka ikaika, compressive a me ka flexural ikaika. Ua hoʻonui iki ʻia nā mea ʻelua, akā ua hoʻonui ʻia ka lākiō puʻe me ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻike.

2. No ka 28d compressive a me ka flexural ikaika o ka mortar paʻa, i ka wā o ka admixture maʻiʻo he 20%, ka compressive a me ka flexural ikaika oi aku ka maikai, a me ka admixture ke alakai aku nei i ka hoonui iki o ka compressive-to-fold ratio, e hoike ana i kona. ka hopena ma ka moka. Nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka paʻakikī; Ke alakaʻi nei ka HPMC i ka emi nui o ka ikaika.

3. E pili ana i ka ikaika paʻa o ka mortar i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, he hopena maikaʻi ko HPMC i ka ikaika paʻa. ʻO ka nānā ʻana ʻo ia ka hopena o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai e hōʻemi i ka nalowale o ka wai i loko o ka pahū a hōʻoia i ka hydration lawa. ʻO ka ikaika pili e pili ana i ka hoʻohui. ʻAʻole maʻamau ka pilina ma waena o ka dosage, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana holoʻokoʻa me ka mortar sima i ka wā he 10%.

4. ʻAʻole kūpono ʻo CMC i nā mea cementious i hoʻokumu ʻia, ʻaʻole maopopo ka hopena o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai, a i ka manawa like, ʻoi aku ka palupalu o ka mortar; ʻoiai hiki i ka HPMC ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa maikaʻi i ka ratio compression-to-fold a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻakikī o ka mortar, akā ʻo ia ke kumu o ka hoʻemi nui ʻana o ka ikaika compressive.

5. ʻO ka wai piha piha a me nā koi ikaika, ʻoi aku ka pono o ka ʻike HPMC o 0.1%. Ke hoʻohana ʻia ka lehu lele no ka mortar kūkulu a hoʻoikaika ʻia paha e koi ai i ka paʻakikī wikiwiki a me ka ikaika mua, ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ke ʻano, a ʻo ka nui o ka nui ma kahi o 10%. Nā koi; e noʻonoʻo ana i nā mea e like me ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka leo paʻa o ka pauka mineral a me ka silica fume, pono lākou e hoʻomalu ʻia ma 10% a me n 3%. ʻAʻole pili nui nā hopena o nā admixtures a me cellulose ethers, me

he hopena kūʻokoʻa.

ʻO ke kolu o ka ʻāpana I ka hihia o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka pilina ma waena o nā admixtures, ma o ke kūkākūkā ʻana o ka coefficient hana o nā mea hoʻohui mineral a me ka manaʻo ikaika o Feret, loaʻa ke kānāwai hoʻoikaika o nā kumu he nui i ka ikaika o ka lepo (motar):

1. Koefficient hoʻohuihui minerala

2. Ka hopena o ka hoʻohana wai

3. Ke kumu hoʻoikaika o ka haku mele ʻana

4. Hōʻike ka hoʻohālikelike maoli i ke ʻano o ka wānana ikaika 28d i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia e ka coefficient haʻawina a me ka manaʻo ikaika Feret i ʻaelike maikaʻi me ke kūlana maoli, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e alakaʻi i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka mortar a me ka pā.

6.2 Nā hemahema a me nā manaʻo

Ke aʻo nui nei kēia pepa i ka wai a me nā waiwai mechanical o ka paʻi maʻemaʻe a me ka mortar o ka ʻōnaehana cementitious binary. Pono e aʻo hou ʻia ka hopena a me ka hopena o ka hana hui ʻana o nā mea sima nui. Ma ke ʻano hoʻāʻo, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka mortar consistency a stratification. ʻO ka hopena o ka cellulose ether ma ke kūlike a me ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka mortar e aʻo ʻia e ka pae o ka cellulose ether. Eia kekahi, e aʻo pū ʻia ka microstructure o ka mortar ma lalo o ka hana hoʻohui o cellulose ether a me ka mineral admixture.

ʻO ka cellulose ether kekahi o nā mea hoʻohui pono ʻole o nā morta like ʻole. ʻO kona hopena paʻa wai maikaʻi e hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa hana o ka mortar, hana i ka mortar i thixotropy maikaʻi, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻakikī o ka mortar. He kūpono no ke kūkulu ʻana; a ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lehu lele a me ka pauka mineral ma ke ʻano he ʻōpala ʻoihana i loko o ka mortar hiki ke hana i nā pono waiwai nui a me ke kaiapuni