ʻO ka waiʻona polyvinyl PVA

ʻO ka polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) he polymer synthetic i loaʻa mai ka vinyl acetate ma o ka polymerization a me ka hydrolysis ma hope. He polymer hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai me ka nui o nā noi ma muli o kāna mau ʻano ʻokoʻa. E ʻimi kākou i kekahi mau mea nui o ka polyvinyl alcohol:

1. Hoʻolālā Kemika: Hōʻike ʻia ka waiʻona Polyvinyl e kahi ʻāpana hou o nā monomers alkohol vinyl. Hoʻopili pū ʻia nā ʻāpana waiʻona vinyl e nā paʻa hoʻokahi carbon-carbon, e hana ana i ke kaulahao polymer linear. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole paʻa ka waiʻona vinyl maʻemaʻe, no laila ua hana maʻamau ka polyvinyl alcohol e ka hydrolysis o polyvinyl acetate, kahi i pani ʻia ai kekahi o nā hui acetate me nā hui hydroxyl.

2. Waiwai:

• Hiki i ka wai: ʻO kekahi o nā waiwai koʻikoʻi o PVA ʻo kona hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe wai kiʻekiʻe. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka wai e hana i nā ʻoluʻolu a me ka viscous, e kūpono ana i nā noi like ʻole kahi e koi ʻia ai nā ʻano wai.
• Hiki ke hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni: hiki i ka PVA ke hana i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻoniʻoni a hiki ke hoʻolei ʻia mai kāna ʻano wai. Loaʻa i kēia mau kiʻiʻoniʻoni ka ikaika mechanical maikaʻi, nā mea pale, a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā substrates, e hoʻohana pono iā lākou i nā noi e like me nā uhi, adhesives, a me nā mea hoʻopili.
• Biocompatibility: Manaʻo ʻia ʻo PVA he biocompatible a ʻaʻohe mea ʻawaʻawa, kūpono ia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau like ʻole, e like me nā ʻōnaehana lawe lāʻau, nā lole ʻeha, a me nā scaffolds ʻenehana.
• Paʻa Kemika: Hōʻike ka PVA i ke kūpaʻa kemika maikaʻi, ke pale ʻana i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia e nā ʻakika, kumu, a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kūlohelohe ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke hana i ka hydrolysis ma lalo o nā kūlana acidic a alkaline, e alakaʻi ana i ka nalowale o nā waiwai.

3. Nā noi: ʻO ka polyvinyl alcohol ka nui o nā noi ma nā ʻoihana like ʻole:

• Adhesives: Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea hoʻopili PVA i ka hana lāʻau, ka pepa pepa pepa, a me nā huahana mea kūʻai aku ma muli o ko lākou adhesion maikaʻi loa, kūpaʻa wai, a me ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻohana.
• Textiles: Hoʻohana ʻia nā fibers PVA i nā noi textile e hāʻawi i ka ikaika, ka pale ʻana i ka abrasion, a me ke kūpaʻa dimensional i nā lole.
• Packaging: Hoʻohana ʻia nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni PVA e like me nā mea hoʻopihapiha no ka meaʻai, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe ma muli o ko lākou mau mea pale a me ka biodegradability.
• Nā Pepa Pepa: Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻili ma ka PVA i ka pepa a me ka pepa pepa e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka maʻalahi o ka ʻili, ka paʻi ʻana, a me ka pale ʻana i ka wai.
• Hana ʻia: Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano hana PVA i nā mea hana e like me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka sima, nā mea hoʻohui plaster, a me nā mea hoʻololi mortar e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana, adhesion, a me ka lōʻihi.

4. Noʻonoʻo Kaiapuni: ʻOiai hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka waiʻona polyvinyl ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana, hiki i kona hoʻohana nui ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana ke loaʻa nā hopena kūlohelohe. Hana ʻia ka biodegradation o PVA ma o ka hana microbial i loko o nā kaiapuni aerobic, e like me nā keʻena compost a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea kanu hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai. Eia nō naʻe, ma nā wahi anaerobic, e like me nā pae ʻāina, hiki i ka PVA ke hoʻomau no ka manawa lōʻihi. Ke hoʻomau nei ka hoʻoikaika ʻana e hoʻomohala i nā mea ʻokoʻa biodegradable a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hou aʻe i nā hana PVA kuʻuna e hoʻēmi i kēia mau pilikia kaiapuni.

I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, ʻo ka polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) he polymer versatile me kahi ākea o nā noi ma muli o kona hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe wai, hiki ke hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni, biocompatibility, a me ke kūpaʻa kemika. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻoihana e like me nā adhesives, textiles, packaging, coatings pepa, a me nā mea hana. ʻOiai hāʻawi ʻo PVA i nā pono he nui, ʻo ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ke kaiapuni a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea ʻē aʻe i hoʻomau ʻia he mau mea koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻomau ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana.