Pehea e loaʻa ai ka cellulose mai ka pulupulu?

Introduction to Cellulose Extraction from Cotton:
ʻO ka pulupulu, he fiber maoli, ua haku ʻia me ka cellulose, kahi kaulahao polysaccharide i loaʻa nā ʻāpana glucose. ʻO ka unuhi ʻana o ka cellulose mai ka pulupulu e pili ana i ka wāwahi ʻana i nā pulupulu pulupulu a me ka wehe ʻana i nā haumia e loaʻa ai kahi huahana cellulose maʻemaʻe. ʻO kēia cellulose i unuhi ʻia he mau noi like ʻole i nā ʻoihana e like me nā textiles, pepa, lāʻau lapaʻau, a me nā meaʻai.

KaʻAnuʻu 1: ʻOhi a mālama mua i ka pulupulu:
Ka ʻohi ʻana: Loaʻa ʻia nā pulupulu mai nā ʻōpala o ka mea kanu pulupulu. Kohi ʻia nā ʻōpuʻu i ka wā e oʻo ai a hāmama, e hōʻike ana i ka puʻupuʻu keʻokeʻo o loko.
Hoʻomaʻemaʻe: Ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻana, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ka pulupulu i nā hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe e wehe i nā haumia e like me ka lepo, nā ʻanoʻano, a me nā ʻāpana lau. Hōʻoia kēia i ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka cellulose i unuhi ʻia.
Hoʻomaloʻo: Hoʻomaloʻo ʻia ka pulupulu i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia no ka wehe ʻana i ka makū. He mea koʻikoʻi ka maloʻo ʻana e like me ka pulupulu pulu hiki ke alakaʻi i ka ulu microbial, hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka maikaʻi o ka cellulose.

KaʻAnuʻu 2: Ka Hana Mechanical:
Wehe a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe: Ke hana ʻia ka pulupulu maloʻo i ka hana mechanical e hoʻokaʻawale i nā fiber a wehe i nā mea haumia i koe. ʻO kēia kaʻina hana ʻo ia ka wehe ʻana i nā bale pulupulu a hoʻohele iā lākou i nā mīkini e hoʻomaʻemaʻe hou aʻe i nā pulu.
Kāleka: ʻO ka carding ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻolikelike ʻana i nā pulupulu i kahi hoʻonohonoho like e hana i kahi pūnaewele lahilahi. Kōkua kēia ʻanuʻu i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lokahi i ka hoʻonohonoho fiber, he mea koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻoili ʻana ma hope.
Ke kaha kiʻi: I ke kaha kiʻi ʻana, ua hoʻolōʻihi ʻia nā fiber carded a hoʻemi ʻia i ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa. ʻO kēia kaʻina e hōʻoia i ka māhele like ʻana o nā fibers a hoʻopaʻa ʻia, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika a me ka maikaʻi o ka huahana cellulose hope loa.

KaʻAnuʻu 3: Hoʻoponopono Kemika (Mercerization):
Mercerization: ʻO ka Mercerization kahi hana kemika i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā waiwai o nā fiber cellulose, me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ikaika, luster, a me ka pili ʻana i nā kala. Ma kēia kaʻina hana, mālama ʻia nā pulupulu me kahi hopena o ka sodium hydroxide (NaOH) a i ʻole alkali ʻē aʻe ma kahi kikoʻī a me ka mahana.
Pehu: ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa alkali ka mea e pehu ai nā fiber cellulose, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ko lākou anawaena a me ka ʻili. Hōʻike kēia ʻōhū ʻana i nā pūʻulu hydroxyl hou aʻe ma ka ʻili cellulose, e ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī no nā hopena kemika ma hope.
ʻO ka holoi ʻana a me ka neutralization: Ma hope o ka mercerization, holoi ʻia nā fibers e wehe i ka alkali nui. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka alkali me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi hopena ʻakika e hoʻopaʻa i ka cellulose a pale i nā hopena kemika hou aʻe.

KaʻAnuʻu 4: Pulping:
Hoʻopau i ka Cellulose: Hoʻopili ʻia nā pulupulu mercerized i ka pulping, kahi e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ai lākou i loko o kahi solvent e unuhi i ka cellulose. ʻO nā mea hoʻoheheʻe maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia no ka dissolution cellulose ʻo ia ka N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) a me nā wai ionic e like me 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM][OAc]).
Homogenization: Hoʻohui ʻia ka hopena cellulose dissolved e hōʻoia i ka kūlike a me ke kūlike. Kōkua kēia ʻanuʻu i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hopena cellulose homogeneous kūpono no ka hana hou ʻana.

KaʻAnuʻu 5: Hana hou:
Ka ua: Ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka cellulose, pono e hana hou ʻia mai ka solvent. Loaʻa kēia ma ka hoʻokahe ʻana i ka solution cellulose i loko o kahi ʻauʻau non-solvent. ʻO ka non-solvent ka mea e hoʻoheheʻe hou ai ka cellulose ma ke ʻano o nā fibers a i ʻole kahi mea e like me ka gel.
Holoi a hoʻomaloʻo: Ua holoi pono ʻia ka cellulose i hoʻōla hou ʻia e wehe i ke koena o ka solvent a me nā haumia. Hoʻomaloʻo ia no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka huahana cellulose hope ma ke ʻano o nā fibers, flakes, a i ʻole ka pauka, ma muli o ka noi i manaʻo ʻia.

KaʻAnuʻu Hana 6: Hōʻikeʻike a me ka Mana Mana:
Ka Analiʻi: Ke hana nei ka cellulose i unuhi ʻia i nā ʻano hana analytical e loiloi i kona maʻemaʻe, paona molekala, crystallinity, a me nā waiwai ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohana mau ʻia nā ʻenehana e like me ka X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), a me ka scanning electron microscopy (SEM) no ka hōʻike ʻana i ka cellulose.
Ka Mana Mana: Hoʻokō ʻia nā hana hoʻomalu maikaʻi i loko o ke kaʻina hana unuhi e hōʻoia i ka kūlike a me ka pili ʻana i nā kūlana i kuhikuhi ʻia. Nānā ʻia nā ʻāpana e like me ka solvent concentration, ka mahana, a me ka manawa hana e hoʻokō ʻia ai ka maikaʻi o ka cellulose.

KaʻAnuʻu 7: Nā noi o ka Cellulose:
Textiles: Loaʻa ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o ka cellulose mai ka pulupulu i ka ʻoihana textile no ka hana ʻana i nā lole, nā wili, a me nā lole. He mea waiwai ia no kona palupalu, hoʻopalekana, a me ka hanu.
Pepa a me ka Packaging: ʻO ka Cellulose kahi mea nui i ka hana ʻana i ka pepa, ka pepa pahu, a me nā mea hoʻopili. Hāʻawi ia i ka ikaika, ka lōʻihi, a me ka paʻi ʻana i kēia mau huahana.
ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau: Hoʻohana ʻia nā derivatives cellulose e like me ka cellulose acetate a me ka hydroxypropyl cellulose i loko o nā hana lāʻau lapaʻau e like me nā mea hoʻopaʻa, disintegrants, a me nā mea hoʻokuʻu i hoʻokuʻu ʻia.
Meaʻai a me nā mea inu: Hoʻohana ʻia nā derivatives cellulose e like me methyl cellulose a me carboxymethyl cellulose i ka ʻoihana meaʻai e like me nā mānoanoa, stabilizers, a me nā emulsifiers i nā huahana meaʻai a me nā mea inu.

ʻO ka unuhi ʻana i ka cellulose mai ka pulupulu e pili ana i nā ʻanuʻu e like me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ʻana, ka hana ʻenehana, ka hana kemika, ka pulping, ka hana hou, a me ka hōʻike ʻana. Pono kēlā me kēia ʻanuʻu no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka cellulose maʻemaʻe me nā waiwai i makemake ʻia. ʻO ka cellulose i unuhi ʻia he mau noi like ʻole ma waena o nā ʻoihana e like me ka textiles, ka pepa, ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a me ka meaʻai, e lilo ia i polymer kūlohelohe maoli a waiwai. ʻO nā kaʻina hana hoʻoneʻe maikaʻi a me nā ana hoʻomalu maikaʻi e hōʻoia i ka hana ʻana o ka cellulose kiʻekiʻe i kūpono no nā noi like ʻole.