Menene hydrocolloid da aka yi?

Hydrocolloids yawanci sun ƙunshi ƙwayoyin sarƙoƙi masu tsayi waɗanda ke da yanki na hydrophilic (ruwa mai jan hankali) kuma suna iya samun yankuna na hydrophobic (mai hana ruwa). Ana iya samun waɗannan kwayoyin halitta daga sassa daban-daban na halitta ko na roba kuma suna da ikon samar da gels ko tarwatsewar danko lokacin da aka tarwatsa cikin ruwa ko mafita na ruwa.

Ga wasu nau'ikan hydrocolloids na yau da kullun da tushen su:

1. Polysaccharides:
   • Agar: An samo shi daga ciyawa, agar ya ƙunshi farko na agarose da agaropectin, waɗanda su ne polysaccharides wanda ya ƙunshi maimaita raka'a na galactose da gyaggyara sugars galactose.
   • Alginate: An samo shi daga algae mai launin ruwan kasa, alginate polysaccharide ne wanda ya ƙunshi mannuronic acid da guluronic acid, wanda aka tsara a cikin jerin musanya.
   • Pectin: An samo shi a cikin ganuwar tantanin halitta na 'ya'yan itatuwa, pectin wani hadadden polysaccharide ne wanda ya ƙunshi raka'a na galacturonic acid tare da digiri daban-daban na methylation.
2. Sunadaran:
   • Gelatin: An samo shi daga collagen, gelatin shine hydrocolloid proteinaceous wanda ya ƙunshi amino acid, galibi glycine, proline, da hydroxyproline.
   • Casein: An samo shi a cikin madara, casein rukuni ne na phosphoproteins waɗanda ke samar da hydrocolloids a gaban ions calcium a ƙarƙashin yanayin acidic.
3. Polymers roba:
   • Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC): polymer Semi-synthetic wanda aka samo daga cellulose, HPMC an gyare-gyare ta hanyar sinadarai don gabatar da ƙungiyoyin hydroxypropyl da methyl akan kashin bayan cellulose.
   • Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC): Hakanan an samo shi daga cellulose, CMC yana ɗaukar carboxymethylation don gabatar da ƙungiyoyin carboxymethyl akan tsarin cellulose.

Wadannan hydrocolloids suna da takamaiman sifofin sinadarai da ƙungiyoyi masu aiki waɗanda ke ba su damar yin hulɗa tare da kwayoyin ruwa ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar hydrogen, hulɗar lantarki, da ƙarfin hydration. A sakamakon haka, suna baje kolin kaddarorin rheological na musamman, irin su danko, gelation, da damar yin fim, wanda ke sa su zama kayan aiki masu mahimmanci a cikin aikace-aikacen masana'antu daban-daban, gami da abinci, magunguna, kayan kwalliya, da masaku.