Abubuwan da aka samo asali na cellulose ether mai narkewa da ruwa

An gabatar da tsarin haɗin kai, hanya da kaddarorin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa da ether mai narkewa da ruwa. By crosslinking gyare-gyare, da danko, rheological Properties, solubility da inji Properties na ruwa mai narkewa cellulose ether za a iya ƙwarai inganta, don inganta ta aikace-aikace yi. Dangane da tsarin sinadarai da kaddarorin masu tsatsauran ra'ayi daban-daban, an taƙaita nau'ikan halayen gyare-gyaren ether na cellulose, kuma an taƙaita kwatancen ci gaba na crosslinkers daban-daban a fannoni daban-daban na aikace-aikacen ether cellulose. Dangane da kyakkyawan aikin cellulose ether mai narkewa da ruwa wanda aka gyara ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa da ƴan karatun a gida da waje, gyare-gyaren gyare-gyaren haɗin gwiwa na gaba na ether cellulose yana da fa'ida ga ci gaba. Wannan don tunani ne na masu bincike masu dacewa da masana'antun samarwa.
Mahimman kalmomi: gyaran haɗin kai; Cellulose ether; Tsarin sinadaran; Solubility; Ayyukan aikace-aikacen

Cellulose ether saboda da kyau kwarai yi, a matsayin thickening wakili, ruwa riƙewa wakili, m, daure da dispersant, m colloid, stabilizer, dakatar wakili, emulsifier da film kafa wakili, yadu amfani a shafi, yi, man fetur, kullum sinadaran, abinci. da magunguna da sauran masana'antu. Cellulose ether yafi hada da methyl cellulose,hydroxyethyl cellulose,carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose da sauran irin gauraye ether. Cellulose ether an yi shi da fiber na auduga ko fiber na itace ta hanyar alkalization, etherification, centrifugation na wankewa, bushewa, tsarin niƙa da aka shirya, amfani da etherification jami'ai gabaɗaya suna amfani da halogenated alkane ko epoxy alkane.
Duk da haka, a cikin aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen cellulose ether mai narkewa mai ruwa, yiwuwar zai haɗu da yanayi na musamman, irin su high da ƙananan zafin jiki, yanayin acid-tushe, mahallin ionic mai rikitarwa, waɗannan mahallin zasu haifar da thickening, solubility, riƙewar ruwa, mannewa. m, barga dakatar da emulsification na ruwa-soluble cellulose ether suna da matukar tasiri, har ma da kai ga cikakken asarar aikinsa.
Don inganta aikin aikace-aikacen ether cellulose, ya zama dole don gudanar da jiyya ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa, ta amfani da ma'auni daban-daban, aikin samfurin ya bambanta. Dangane da nazarin nau'ikan wakilan masu fasahar da ke haifar da fasahar su, wannan takarda ta tattauna da murmura na crosluling na croslulose ether .

1.Structure da crosslinking ka'idar cellulose ether

Cellulose etherwani nau'i ne na abubuwan da aka samo asali na cellulose, wanda aka haɗa ta hanyar maye gurbin ether na ƙungiyoyin hydroxyl barasa guda uku akan kwayoyin halitta cellulose da halogenated alkane ko epoxide alkane. Saboda bambancin masu maye gurbin, tsarin da kaddarorin ether cellulose sun bambanta. Maganganun haɗin gwiwar cellulose ether ya ƙunshi etherification ko esterification na -OH (OH akan zoben glucose naúrar ko -OH akan madaidaicin ko carboxyl akan abin maye) da wakilin haɗin gwiwa tare da ƙungiyoyin binary ko ƙungiyoyi masu yawa, don haka biyu ko ƙarin ƙwayoyin ether cellulose ether an haɗa su tare don samar da tsarin cibiyar sadarwar sararin samaniya da yawa. Wannan shine ether cellulose mai haɗe-haɗe.
Kullum magana, ether cellulose da crosslinking wakili na ruwa mai ruwa bayani dauke da ƙarin -OH kamar HEC, HPMC, HEMC, MC da CMC za a iya etherified ko esterified crosslinked. Saboda CMC ya ƙunshi ions carboxylic acid, ƙungiyoyi masu aiki a cikin wakili na haɗin gwiwar za a iya ƙetare su tare da ions carboxylic acid.
Bayan dauki na -OH ko -COO- a cikin cellulose ether kwayoyin tare da crosslinking wakili, saboda rage abun ciki na ruwa-mai narkewa kungiyoyin da samuwar Multi-girma cibiyar sadarwa tsarin a cikin bayani, ta solubility, rheology da inji Properties. za a canza. Ta hanyar yin amfani da ma'auni daban-daban don amsawa tare da ether cellulose, aikin aikace-aikacen ether cellulose zai inganta. An shirya ether cellulose wanda ya dace da aikace-aikacen masana'antu.

2. Nau'in ma'auni na crosslinking

2.1 Aldehydes crosslinking agents
Aldehyde crosslinking jamiái koma zuwa kwayoyin mahadi dauke da aldehyde kungiyar (-CHO), wanda ke da sinadaran aiki da kuma iya amsa tare da hydroxyl, ammonia, amide da sauran mahadi. Aldehyde crosslinking jamiái amfani da cellulose da abubuwan da aka gyara sun hada da formaldehyde, glioxal, glutaraldehyde, glyceraldehyde, da dai sauransu. Ethers na yau da kullun da aka gyara ta hanyar aldehydes masu haɗin gwiwa sune HEC, HPMC, HEMC, MC, CMC da sauran ethers cellulose mai ruwa.
Ƙungiyar aldehyde guda ɗaya tana haɗe tare da ƙungiyoyin hydroxyl guda biyu akan sarkar ether cellulose, kuma ana haɗa ƙwayoyin ether cellulose ta hanyar samuwar acetals, suna samar da tsarin sararin samaniya na cibiyar sadarwa, don canza solubility. Saboda amsawar -OH kyauta tsakanin wakilin aldehyde crosslinking da cellulose ether, an rage yawan ƙungiyoyin hydrophilic na kwayoyin halitta, yana haifar da rashin ruwa na samfurin. Sabili da haka, ta hanyar sarrafa adadin ma'auni mai mahimmanci, tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin ether na cellulose zai iya jinkirta lokacin hydration kuma ya hana samfurin daga narkewa da sauri a cikin maganin ruwa, yana haifar da haɓakar gida.
Tasirin aldehyde crosslinking cellulose ether gabaɗaya ya dogara ne akan adadin aldehyde, pH, daidaituwar halayen haɗin kai, lokacin ƙetare, da zafin jiki. Maɗaukakin maɗaukaki ko ƙananan zafin jiki da kuma pH zai haifar da haɗin gwiwar da ba za a iya jurewa ba saboda hemiacetal zuwa acetal, wanda zai haifar da ether cellulose gaba daya maras narkewa a cikin ruwa. Adadin aldehyde da daidaituwar halayen haɗin gwiwar kai tsaye suna shafar matakin haɗin gwiwar ether na cellulose.
Formaldehyde ba shi da ƙarancin amfani da shi don haɗin haɗin ether na cellulose saboda yawan guba da rashin ƙarfi. A da, an fi amfani da formaldehyde a fannin sutura, adhesives, textiles, kuma yanzu an maye gurbinsa a hankali da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ba formaldehyde crosslinking agents. Sakamakon crosslinking na glutaraldehyde ya fi na glioxal, amma yana da ƙaƙƙarfan wari, kuma farashin glutaraldehyde yana da inganci. Gabaɗaya la'akari, a cikin masana'antu, ana amfani da glycoxal don haye-haɗin ether mai narkewar ruwa mai narkewa don haɓaka narkewar samfuran. Gabaɗaya a cikin zafin jiki na ɗaki, pH 5 ~ 7 raunin acidic yanayi ana iya aiwatar da halayen haɗin gwiwa. Bayan ƙetare, lokacin hydration da cikakken lokacin hydration na cellulose ether zai zama tsayi, kuma za a raunana abin mamaki na agglomeration. Idan aka kwatanta da samfuran da ba a haɗa su ba, solubility na ether cellulose ya fi kyau, kuma ba za a sami samfurori da ba a warware ba a cikin maganin, wanda ya dace da aikace-aikacen masana'antu. Lokacin da Zhang Shuangjian ya shirya hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, da crosslinking wakili glioxal da aka fesa kafin bushewa don samun hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose nan take tare da watsawa na 100%, wanda ba ya manne tare a lokacin da narkewa kuma yana da sauri tarwatsawa da rushewa, wanda ya warware bundling a aikace. aikace-aikace da kuma fadada filin aikace-aikace.
A cikin yanayin alkaline, tsarin jujjuyawar samar da acetal za a karye, za a gajarta lokacin hydration na samfurin, kuma za a dawo da halayen rushewar ether cellulose ba tare da giciye ba. A lokacin shirye-shirye da kuma samar da cellulose ether, da crosslinking dauki na aldehydes yawanci za'ayi bayan etheration dauki tsari, ko dai a cikin ruwa lokaci na wanka tsari ko a cikin m lokaci bayan centrifugation. Gabaɗaya, a cikin tsarin wanke-wanke, daidaituwar halayen haɗin kai yana da kyau, amma tasirin haɗin gwiwar ba shi da kyau. Duk da haka, saboda ƙarancin kayan aikin injiniya, ƙayyadaddun haɗin haɗin kai a cikin lokaci mai ƙarfi ba shi da kyau, amma tasirin haɗin gwiwar ya fi kyau kuma adadin wakilin haɗin gwiwar da aka yi amfani da shi yana da ƙananan ƙananan.
Aldehydes crosslinking jamiái modified ruwa-soluble cellulose ether, ban da inganta solubility, akwai kuma rahotanni da za a iya amfani da su inganta inji Properties, danko kwanciyar hankali da kuma sauran kaddarorin. Alal misali, Peng Zhang ya yi amfani da glioxal don ƙetare HEC, kuma ya bincika tasirin maida hankali na ma'auni, ƙetare pH da zafin jiki na ƙetare kan rigar ƙarfin HEC. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa a ƙarƙashin mafi kyawun yanayin ƙetare, ƙarfin rigar HEC fiber bayan ƙetare ya karu da 41.5%, kuma aikinsa yana inganta sosai. Zhang Jin ya yi amfani da resin phenolic mai narkewa da ruwa, glutaraldehyde da trichloroacetaldehyde don ketare CMC. Ta hanyar kwatanta kaddarorin, maganin ruwa mai narkewa phenolic guduro crosslinked CMC yana da mafi ƙarancin raguwa bayan babban zafin jiki, wato, mafi kyawun juriya na zafin jiki.
2.2 Carboxylic acid crosslinking agents
Carboxylic acid crosslinking agents koma zuwa polycarboxylic acid mahadi, yafi ciki har da succinic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid da sauran binary ko polycarboxylic acid. Carboxylic acid crosslinkers an fara amfani da su wajen haɗa zaruruwan masana'anta don haɓaka santsi. Hanyar hanyar haɗin kai ita ce kamar haka: ƙungiyar carboxyl tana amsawa tare da ƙungiyar hydroxyl na kwayoyin cellulose don samar da esterified crosslinked cellulose ether. Welch da Yang et al. sune farkon waɗanda suka fara nazarin hanyar haɗin gwiwar haɗin gwiwar carboxylic acid crosslinkers. Tsarin haɗin gwiwar ya kasance kamar haka: a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi, ƙungiyoyin carboxylic acid guda biyu da ke kusa da su a cikin carboxylic acid crosslinkers sun fara bushewa don samar da anhydride na cyclic, kuma anhydride ya amsa tare da OH a cikin kwayoyin cellulose don samar da ether cellulose crosslinked tare da tsarin sararin samaniya.
Carboxylic acid crosslinking agents gabaɗaya suna amsawa tare da ether cellulose mai ɗauke da abubuwan maye gurbin hydroxyl. Saboda carboxylic acid crosslinking jamiái suna da ruwa mai narkewa kuma ba mai guba ba, an yi amfani da su sosai a cikin nazarin itace, sitaci, chitosan da cellulose a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.
Abubuwan da aka samo asali da sauran gyare-gyare na esterification na polymer na halitta, don haɓaka aikin filin aikace-aikacen sa.
Hu Hanchang et al. amfani da sodium hypophosphite mai kara kuzari don ɗaukar acid polycarboxylic guda huɗu tare da tsarin kwayoyin halitta daban-daban: Propane tricarboxylic acid (PCA), 1,2,3, 4-butane tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA), cis-CPTA, cis-CHHA (Cis-ChHA) an yi amfani da su. don gama auduga yadudduka. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa tsarin madauwari na polycarboxylic acid kammala masana'anta auduga yana da mafi kyawun aikin farfadowa. Kwayoyin kwayoyin polycarboxylic acid na cyclic suna da yuwuwar ingantattun hanyoyin haɗin kai saboda girman tsaurinsu da mafi kyawun tasirin haɗin kai fiye da sarkar kwayoyin acid carboxylic.
Wang Jiwei et al. yi amfani da gauraye acid na citric acid da acetic anhydride don yin esterification da crosslinking gyare-gyare na sitaci. Ta hanyar gwada kaddarorin ƙudirin ruwa da fassarori na manna, sun yanke shawarar cewa sitaci mai haɗaɗɗen haɗe-haɗe yana da mafi kyawun daskare-narkewa, ƙarancin fassarori da ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na zafi fiye da sitaci.
Kungiyoyin Carboxylic acid na iya inganta solubility, biodegradability da kaddarorin inji bayan esterification crosslinking dauki tare da mai aiki -OH a cikin daban-daban polymers, da kuma carboxylic acid mahadi ba su da guba ko low-mai guba kaddarorin, wanda yana da faffadan bege ga crosslinking gyara na ruwa. mai soluble cellulose ether a abinci sa, Pharmaceutical sa da shafi filayen.
2.3 Epoxy fili mai haɗawa
Epoxy crosslinking wakili yana ƙunshe da ƙungiyoyin epoxy guda biyu ko fiye, ko mahadi na epoxy mai ɗauke da ƙungiyoyi masu aiki. A ƙarƙashin aikin masu haɓakawa, ƙungiyoyin epoxy da ƙungiyoyi masu aiki suna amsawa tare da -OH a cikin mahaɗan kwayoyin halitta don samar da macromolecules tare da tsarin hanyar sadarwa. Saboda haka, ana iya amfani da shi don ƙetare na ether cellulose.
Ana iya inganta danko da kaddarorin inji na ether cellulose ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar epoxy. An fara amfani da Epoxides don magance zaruruwan masana'anta kuma sun nuna sakamako mai kyau na ƙarshe. Duk da haka, akwai 'yan rahotanni game da gyare-gyaren haɗin kai na cellulose ether ta hanyar epoxides. Hu Cheng et al ya ɓullo da wani sabon multifunctional epoxy fili crosslinker: EPTA, wanda ya inganta rigar na roba dawo da kusurwa na ainihin siliki yadudduka daga 200º kafin jiyya zuwa 280º. Bugu da ƙari, ingantaccen cajin crosslinker yana haɓaka ƙimar rini da ƙimar shayar kayan siliki na gaske zuwa rini na acid. The epoxy fili crosslinking wakili amfani da Chen Xiaohui et al. : polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PGDE) an haɗe shi da gelatin. Bayan ƙetare, gelatin hydrogel yana da kyakkyawan aikin dawo da na roba, tare da mafi girman farfadowa na roba har zuwa 98.03%. Dangane da binciken da aka yi akan gyare-gyaren haɗin kai na polymers na halitta irin su masana'anta da gelatin ta tsakiyar oxides a cikin wallafe-wallafe, gyare-gyaren haɗin gwiwar ether cellulose tare da epoxides kuma yana da kyakkyawan fata.
Epichlorohydrin (wanda kuma aka sani da epichlorohydrin) wakili ne da aka saba amfani dashi don maganin kayan polymer na halitta wanda ya ƙunshi -OH, -NH2 da sauran ƙungiyoyi masu aiki. Bayan epichlorohydrin crosslinking, danko, acid da alkali juriya, zafin jiki juriya, gishiri juriya, karfi juriya da inji Properties na kayan za a inganta. Saboda haka, aikace-aikace na epichlorohydrin a cikin cellulose ether crosslinking yana da babban mahimmancin bincike. Alal misali, Su Maoyao ya yi wani abu mai ban sha'awa sosai ta amfani da Eclorohydrin crosslinked CMC. Ya tattauna tasirin tsarin kayan abu, digiri na maye gurbin da digiri na haɗin gwiwa a kan abubuwan talla, kuma ya gano cewa ƙimar riƙewar ruwa (WRV) da ƙimar riƙewar brine (SRV) na samfurin da aka yi tare da kusan 3% wakilin crosslinking ya karu da 26. sau da sau 17, bi da bi. Lokacin da Ding Changguang et al. da aka shirya musamman danko mai carboxymethyl cellulose, epichlorohydrin aka kara bayan etherification for crosslinking. Idan aka kwatanta, dankon samfurin da aka haɗe ya kai 51% sama da na samfurin da ba a haɗa shi ba.
2.4 Boric acid crosslinking jamiái
Ma'aikatan haɗin gwiwa na boric sun haɗa da boric acid, borax, borate, organoborate da sauran abubuwan da ke tattare da borate. An yi imanin cewa tsarin haɗin gwiwar shine boric acid (H3BO3) ko borate (B4O72-) yana samar da tetrahydroxy borate ion (B (OH) 4-) a cikin maganin, sannan kuma ya bushe tare da -Oh a cikin fili. Ƙirƙiri fili mai haɗin kai tare da tsarin hanyar sadarwa.
Boric acid crosslinkers ana amfani da ko'ina a matsayin taimako a magani, gilashin, tukwane, man fetur da sauran filayen. Ƙarfin injiniya na kayan da aka yi da boric acid crosslinking wakili za a inganta, kuma za a iya amfani da shi don ƙaddamar da ether na cellulose, don inganta aikinsa.
A cikin 1960s, boron inorganic (borax, boric acid da sodium tetraborate, da dai sauransu) shine babban wakili mai haɗin gwiwa da aka yi amfani da shi wajen haɓakar ruwa mai fashewa na filayen mai da iskar gas. Borax shine farkon wakilin haɗin gwiwar da aka yi amfani da shi. Saboda gazawar boron inorganic, kamar ɗan gajeren lokaci da rashin juriya na zafin jiki, haɓakar organoboron crosslinking agent ya zama wurin bincike. Binciken organoboron ya fara ne a cikin 1990s. Saboda da halaye na high zafin jiki juriya, sauki karya manne, controllable jinkiri crosslinking, da dai sauransu, organoboron ya samu mai kyau aikace-aikace sakamako a cikin man fetur da kuma iskar gas filin fracturing. Liu Ji et al. ɓullo da wani polymer crosslinking wakili dauke da phenylboric acid kungiyar, da crosslinking wakili gauraye da acrylic acid da polyol polymer tare da succinimide ester kungiyar dauki, sakamakon nazarin halittu m yana da kyau kwarai m yi, iya nuna kyau mannewa da inji Properties a cikin wani m yanayi, kuma za a iya zama. mafi sauki mannewa. Yang Yang et al. ya samar da wani babban zafin jiki na zirconium boron crosslinking wakili, wanda aka yi amfani da shi don ƙetare haɗin gwiwar guanidine gel tushe ruwa na fracturing ruwa, da kuma inganta sosai zafin jiki da kuma juriya juriya na fracturing ruwa bayan giciye-linking magani. An ba da rahoton gyare-gyaren carbonoxymethyl cellulose ether ta hanyar boric acid crosslinking a cikin ruwan hako mai. Saboda tsarinsa na musamman, ana iya amfani dashi a magani da gini
Crosslinking na cellulose ether a yi, shafi da sauran filayen.
2.5 Fosfide crosslinking wakili
Phosphates crosslinking jamiái yafi hada da phosphorus trichloroxy (phosphoacyl chloride), sodium trimetaphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, da dai sauransu The crosslinking inji shi ne cewa PO bond ko P-Cl bond ne esterified tare da kwayoyin -OH a cikin ruwa bayani don samar da diphosphate, forming hanyar sadarwa tsarin. .
Fosfide crosslinking wakili saboda rashin mai guba ko rashin guba, amfani da ko'ina a abinci, magani polymer abu crosslinking gyara, kamar sitaci, chitosan da sauran halitta polymer crosslinking magani. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa gelatinization da kumburi Properties na sitaci za a iya canza muhimmanci ta ƙara wani karamin adadin phosphide crosslinking wakili. Bayan sitaci crosslinking, da gelatinization zafin jiki ya karu, da manna kwanciyar hankali inganta, da acid juriya ne mafi alhẽri daga asali sitaci, da kuma fim ƙarfi ƙara.
Har ila yau, akwai karatu da yawa game da haɗin gwiwar chitosan tare da wakili na phosphide, wanda zai iya inganta ƙarfin injinsa, kwanciyar hankali na sinadaran da sauran kaddarorin. A halin yanzu, babu rahotanni game da amfani da wakili na phosphide crosslinking don cellulose ether crosslinking magani. Saboda ether cellulose da sitaci, chitosan da sauran polymers na halitta sun ƙunshi ƙarin aiki -OH, kuma wakili na crosslinking na phosphide yana da kaddarorin da ba mai guba ko ƙarancin guba ba, aikace-aikacen sa a cikin bincike na ether crosslinking cellulose shima yana da fa'ida. Irin su CMC da aka yi amfani da su a cikin abinci, filin matakin man haƙori tare da gyare-gyaren wakili na phosphide, na iya haɓaka kauri, kaddarorin rheological. MC, HPMC da HEC da aka yi amfani da su a fagen magani ana iya inganta su ta hanyar phosphide crosslinking agent.
2.6 Wasu ma'aikatan haɗin gwiwa
Aldehydes na sama, epoxides da cellulose ether crosslinking suna cikin etherification crosslinking, carboxylic acid, boric acid da phosphide crosslinking wakili na cikin esterification crosslinking. Bugu da kari, da crosslinking jamiái amfani da cellulose ether crosslinking kuma sun hada da isocyanate mahadi, nitrogen hydroxymethyl mahadi, sulfhydryl mahadi, karfe crosslinking jamiái, organosilicon crosslinking jamiái, da dai sauransu The na kowa halaye na ta kwayoyin tsarin shi ne cewa kwayoyin ƙunshi mahara ayyuka kungiyoyin da suke. mai sauƙin amsawa tare da -OH, kuma yana iya samar da tsarin cibiyar sadarwa mai girma da yawa bayan haɗe-haɗe. Kaddarorin samfuran haɗin gwiwar suna da alaƙa da nau'in wakili na haɗin gwiwa, digiri na haɗin gwiwa da yanayin haɗin gwiwa.
Badit · Pabin · Condu et al. An yi amfani da toluene diisocyanate (TDI) don haye methyl cellulose. Bayan haɗe-haɗe, zafin canjin gilashin (Tg) ya ƙaru tare da haɓaka yawan adadin TDI, kuma kwanciyar hankali na maganin ruwa ya inganta. Hakanan ana amfani da TDI akai-akai don gyare-gyaren haɗin kai a cikin manne, sutura da sauran filayen. Bayan gyare-gyare, za a inganta kayan manne, juriya na zafin jiki da juriya na ruwa na fim din. Sabili da haka, TDI na iya inganta aikin ether cellulose da aka yi amfani da shi wajen ginawa, sutura da adhesives ta hanyar gyare-gyaren haɗin gwiwa.
Ana amfani da fasahar haɗin gwiwar Disulfide sosai a cikin gyare-gyaren kayan aikin likita kuma yana da takamaiman ƙimar bincike don ƙetare samfuran ether cellulose a fagen magani. Shu Shujun et al. haɗe β-cyclodextrin tare da silica microspheres, crosslinked mercaptoylated chitosan da glucan ta hanyar gradient harsashi Layer, da kuma cire silica microspheres don samun disulfide crosslinked nanocapses, wanda ya nuna kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali a cikin simulated physiological pH.
Metal crosslinking jamiái ne yafi inorganic da Organic mahadi na high karfe ions kamar Zr (IV), Al (III), Ti (IV), Cr (III) da Fe (III). High karfe ions aka polymerized don samar da Multi-nukiliya hydroxyl gada ions ta hydration, hydrolysis da hydroxyl gada. An yi imani da cewa haɗin gwiwar manyan ions na ƙarfe mai girman gaske yana samuwa ta hanyar ions masu haɗakarwa na hydroxyl masu yawa, waɗanda suke da sauƙin haɗuwa tare da ƙungiyoyin carbonoxylic acid don samar da nau'i-nau'i masu girma dabam. Xu Kai et al. nazarin rheological Properties na Zr (IV), Al (III), Ti (IV), Cr (III) da kuma Fe (III) jerin high-farashin karfe giciye-linked carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose (CMHPC) da thermal kwanciyar hankali, tace hasara. , dakatarwar iyawar yashi, ragowar manne-karya da daidaituwar gishiri bayan aikace-aikacen. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa, Ƙarfe na crosslinker yana da kaddarorin da ake buƙata don wakilin siminti na rijiyar mai karyewa.

3. Ayyukan haɓakawa da haɓaka fasaha na ether cellulose ta hanyar gyare-gyaren haɗin gwiwa

3.1 Fenti da gini
Cellulose ether yafi HEC, HPMC, HEMC da MC sun fi amfani da su a fagen gine-gine, sutura, irin wannan nau'in ether cellulose dole ne ya kasance yana da kyakkyawan juriya na ruwa, kauri, gishiri da yanayin zafi, juriya mai ƙarfi, sau da yawa ana amfani dashi a cikin turmi siminti, fenti na latex. , yumbu tile m, bango na waje fenti, lacquer da sauransu. Saboda da ginin, shafi filin bukatun kayan dole ne mai kyau inji ƙarfi da kwanciyar hankali, kullum zabi etherification irin crosslinking wakili zuwa cellulose ether crosslinking gyara, kamar amfani da epoxy halogenated alkane, boric acid crosslinking wakili domin ta crosslinking, iya inganta samfurin. danko, gishiri da juriya na zafin jiki, juriya mai ƙarfi da kaddarorin inji.
3.2 Filayen magunguna, abinci da sinadarai na yau da kullun
MC, HPMC da CMC a cikin ruwa mai narkewa cellulose ether ana amfani da su sau da yawa a Pharmaceutical shafi kayan, Pharmaceutical jinkirin-saki Additives da ruwa Pharmaceutical thickener da emulsion stabilizer. Hakanan ana iya amfani da CMC azaman emulsifier da mai kauri a cikin yogurt, kayan kiwo da man goge baki. Ana amfani da HEC da MC a cikin filayen sinadarai na yau da kullun don yin kauri, tarwatsawa da daidaitawa. Saboda filin magani, abinci da kuma sinadarai na yau da kullum yana buƙatar kayan lafiya da marasa guba, sabili da haka, don irin wannan ether cellulose za a iya amfani da phosphoric acid, carboxylic acid crosslinking wakili, sulfhydryl crosslinking wakili, da dai sauransu, bayan crosslinking gyara, iya. inganta danko na samfur, nazarin halittu kwanciyar hankali da sauran kaddarorin.
HEC da wuya a yi amfani da shi a fagen magani da abinci, amma saboda HEC shine ether wanda ba na ionic cellulose ba tare da solubility mai ƙarfi, yana da fa'idodi na musamman akan MC, HPMC da CMC. A nan gaba, za a ƙetare ta ta hanyar amintattun ma'aikatan haɗin gwiwar da ba su da guba, waɗanda za su sami babban ci gaba a fannonin magunguna da abinci.
3.3 wuraren hako mai da samar da mai
CMC da carboxylated cellulose ether ana amfani da su azaman masana'antu hakowa laka magani wakili, ruwa asarar wakili, thickening wakili don amfani. Kamar yadda ba ionic cellulose ether, HEC ne kuma yadu amfani a fagen man hakowa saboda da kyau thickening sakamako, da karfi yashi dakatar iya aiki da kwanciyar hankali, zafi juriya, high gishiri abun ciki, low juriya bututu, kasa ruwa asarar, azumi roba. karyewa da raguwar raguwa. A halin yanzu, ƙarin bincike shine yin amfani da ma'aikatan boric acid crosslinking da ma'aikatan haɗin gwiwar ƙarfe don gyara CMC da aka yi amfani da su a filin hako mai, wanda ba shi da ionic cellulose ether crosslinking gyare-gyare bincike rahoton kasa, amma hydrophobic gyara na wadanda ba ionic cellulose ether, nuna gagarumin muhimmanci. danko, zafin jiki da kuma gishiri juriya da karfi da kwanciyar hankali, mai kyau watsawa da juriya ga nazarin halittu hydrolysis. Bayan an haɗa shi ta hanyar boric acid, ƙarfe, epoxide, epoxy halogenated alkanes da sauran abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, ether cellulose da aka yi amfani da shi wajen hako mai da samarwa ya inganta kauri, gishiri da juriya na zafin jiki, kwanciyar hankali da sauransu, wanda ke da kyakkyawar fa'ida ta aikace-aikace a cikin nan gaba.
3.4 Wasu Filaye
Cellulose ether saboda thickening, emulsification, film forming, colloidal kariya, danshi riƙewa, mannewa, anti-ji da kuma sauran m Properties, mafi yadu amfani, ban da sama filayen, kuma amfani a papermaking, tukwane, yadi bugu da rini. polymerization dauki da sauran filayen. Dangane da buƙatun kaddarorin abu a fagage daban-daban, ana iya amfani da wakilai daban-daban na ƙetare don gyare-gyaren haɗin gwiwa don biyan buƙatun aikace-aikacen. Gabaɗaya, ether cellulose ether da ke da alaƙa za a iya raba shi zuwa rukuni biyu: etherified crosslinked cellulose ether da esterified crosslinked cellulose ether. Aldehydes, epoxides da sauran crosslinkers suna amsawa tare da -Oh akan cellulose ether don samar da ether-oxygen bond (-O-), wanda nasa ne na etherification crosslinkers. Carboxylic acid, phosphide, boric acid da sauran ma'aikatan haɗin gwiwa suna amsawa tare da -OH akan ether cellulose don samar da ester bonds, na cikin wakilan esterification crosslinking. Ƙungiyar carboxyl a cikin CMC tana amsawa tare da -OH a cikin wakili mai haɗin gwiwa don samar da esterified ester cellulose ester. A halin yanzu, akwai ƴan bincike kan irin wannan gyare-gyaren haɗin kai, kuma har yanzu akwai sauran damar ci gaba a nan gaba. Saboda kwanciyar hankali na ether bond ya fi na ester bond, ether nau'in crosslinked cellulose ether yana da ƙarfin kwanciyar hankali da kaddarorin inji. Dangane da filayen aikace-aikacen daban-daban, ana iya zaɓar wakili mai dacewa don gyaran gyare-gyaren ether na cellulose, don samun samfuran da suka dace da buƙatun aikace-aikacen.

4. Kammalawa

A halin yanzu, masana'antu suna amfani da glioxal don haye ether cellulose, don jinkirta lokacin rushewa, don magance matsalar caking samfurin yayin rushewa. Glyoxal crosslinked cellulose ether iya canza solubility kawai, amma ba shi da wani tabbataccen ci gaba a kan sauran kaddarorin. A halin yanzu, ba a cika yin nazarin amfani da wasu abubuwan haɗin gwiwa ba tare da glioxal don cellulose ether crosslinking ba. Saboda ana amfani da ether cellulose sosai a hako mai, gini, sutura, abinci, magani da sauran masana'antu, solubility, rheology, kayan injiniya suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a aikace-aikacen sa. Ta hanyar gyare-gyaren hanyar haɗin gwiwa, zai iya inganta aikin aikace-aikacensa a fagage daban-daban, ta yadda ya dace da bukatun aikace-aikacen. Misali, carboxylic acid, phosphoric acid, boric acid crosslinking wakili don esterification cellulose esterification iya inganta aikace-aikace yi a fagen abinci da kuma magani. Duk da haka, ba za a iya amfani da aldehydes a masana'antar abinci da magunguna ba saboda gubar jikinsu. Boric acid da ƙarfe na haɗin gwiwar ƙarfe suna taimakawa don haɓaka aikin mai da iskar gas bayan haɗewar ether cellulose da aka yi amfani da su a hako mai. Sauran alkyl crosslinking jamiái, kamar epichlorohydrin, iya inganta danko, rheological Properties da inji Properties na cellulose ether. Tare da ci gaba da ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha, bukatun masana'antu daban-daban don kayan kayan aiki suna ci gaba da ingantawa. Don saduwa da buƙatun aikin ether cellulose a fannoni daban-daban na aikace-aikacen, bincike na gaba akan cellulose ether crosslinking yana da fa'ida mai fa'ida don haɓakawa.