1. Nau'in thickeners da thickening inji
(1) Mai kauri mara inorganic:
Inorganic thickeners a cikin ruwa tushen tsarin ne yafi clays. Kamar: bentonite. Kaolin da diatomaceous ƙasa (babban ɓangaren shine SiO2, wanda ke da tsari mai ƙyalƙyali) wani lokaci ana amfani da shi azaman ƙarin kauri don tsarin kauri saboda abubuwan dakatarwa. An fi amfani da Bentonite sosai saboda yawan ruwa-ruwa. Bentonite (Bentonite), wanda kuma aka sani da bentonite, bentonite, da dai sauransu, babban ma'adinan bentonite shine montmorillonite mai dauke da karamin adadin alkali da alkaline earth metal hydrous aluminosilicate ma'adanai, mallakar kungiyar aluminosilicate, tsarin sinadarai na gaba daya shine: ,Ca)(Al,Mg)6(Si4O10)3(OH)6•nH2O. Ana bayyana aikin haɓakawa na bentonite ta hanyar haɓakawa, wato, ƙarar bentonite bayan kumburi a cikin maganin hydrochloric acid dilute ana kiransa ƙarfin faɗaɗa, wanda aka bayyana a cikin ml/gram. Bayan kauri na bentonite ya sha ruwa ya kumbura, sautin zai iya kaiwa sau da yawa ko sau goma kafin ya sha ruwa, don haka yana da tsaiko mai kyau, kuma saboda foda ce mai girman ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano, ya bambanta da sauran foda a cikin murfin. tsarin. Jiki yana da kyau miscibility. Bugu da ƙari, yayin samar da dakatarwa, zai iya fitar da wasu foda don samar da wani sakamako na anti-stratification, don haka yana da matukar taimako don inganta kwanciyar hankali na tsarin.
Amma yawancin bentonites na tushen sodium suna canzawa daga bentonite na tushen calcium ta hanyar tubar sodium. A lokaci guda na sodiumization, za a samar da adadi mai yawa na ions masu kyau irin su calcium ions da sodium ions. Idan abun ciki na wadannan cations a cikin tsarin ya yi yawa, za a haifar da babban adadin cajin neutralization a kan mummunan cajin a saman emulsion, don haka zuwa wani matsayi, Yana iya haifar da sakamako masu illa kamar kumburi da flocculation. emulsion. A gefe guda kuma, waɗannan ions na calcium kuma za su sami sakamako masu illa akan rarrabuwar gishirin sodium (ko polyphosphate dispersant), yana haifar da waɗannan tarwatsewa zuwa hazo a cikin tsarin sutura, a ƙarshe yana haifar da asarar tarwatsewa, yin rufin ya yi kauri, mai kauri ko ma. kauri. Hazo mai tsanani da yawo ya faru. Bugu da ƙari, tasirin daɗaɗɗen bentonite ya dogara ne akan foda don sha ruwa da fadadawa don samar da dakatarwa, don haka zai kawo tasiri mai karfi na thixotropic ga tsarin sutura, wanda ba shi da kyau ga suturar da ke buƙatar sakamako mai kyau. Don haka, ba kasafai ake amfani da kaurin bentonite a cikin fenti na latex ba, kuma kaɗan ne kawai ake amfani da shi azaman mai kauri a cikin ƙananan fenti na latex ko goga. Koyaya, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wasu bayanai sun nuna cewa Hemmings'BENTONE®LT. gyare-gyaren halitta da ingantaccen hectorite yana da kyakkyawan rigakafin lalata da tasirin atomization lokacin amfani da tsarin fenti mara iska.
(2) Cellulose ether:
Cellulose ether wani babban polymer ne na halitta wanda aka samar ta hanyar daɗaɗɗen β-glucose. Yin amfani da halaye na ƙungiyar hydroxyl a cikin zoben glucosyl, cellulose na iya fuskantar halayen daban-daban don samar da jerin abubuwan da aka samo asali. Daga cikin su, ana samun esterification da etherification halayen. Abubuwan da aka samo asali na cellulose ester ko cellulose ether sune mafi mahimmancin abubuwan da aka samo asali na cellulose. Abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su sune carboxymethyl cellulose,hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose da sauransu. Domin carboxymethyl cellulose yana dauke da sinadarin sodium ions masu narkewa cikin sauki a cikin ruwa, yana da karancin juriya na ruwa, kuma adadin abubuwan da ke maye gurbinsa a babbar sarkarsa kadan ne, don haka yana saurin rubewa ta hanyar lalata kwayoyin cuta, yana rage dankowar maganin ruwa da sanya shi. m, da dai sauransu. Phenomenon, da wuya a yi amfani da shi a cikin fenti na latex, gabaɗaya ana amfani da shi a cikin ƙaramin sa polyvinyl barasa manne fenti da putty. Yawan rushewar ruwa na methylcellulose gabaɗaya ya ɗan yi ƙasa da na hydroxyethylcellulose. Bugu da ƙari, za'a iya samun ƙananan ƙwayoyin da ba za a iya narkewa ba a lokacin tsarin rushewa, wanda zai shafi bayyanar da jin dadin fim din, don haka da wuya a yi amfani da shi a cikin launi na latex. Duk da haka, yanayin tashin hankali na methyl aqueous bayani ya dan kadan fiye da na sauran hanyoyin ruwa na cellulose, don haka yana da kyau mai girma cellulose da ake amfani dashi a cikin putty. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose shima wani kauri ne na cellulose da ake amfani dashi sosai a fagen sabulun sabulu, kuma yanzu ana amfani da shi ne a cikin siminti na tushen siminti ko na sinadarin alli (ko wasu abubuwan da ake hada inorganic). Hydroxyethyl cellulose ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin tsarin fenti na latex saboda kyakkyawan narkewar ruwa da riƙewar ruwa. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran celluloses, yana da ƙasa da tasiri a kan aikin fim ɗin shafa. Abubuwan amfani da hydroxyethyl cellulose sun haɗa da ingantaccen aikin famfo, dacewa mai kyau, kwanciyar hankali mai kyau, da kwanciyar hankali na pH mai kyau na danko. Rashin lahani shine rashin daidaituwar ruwa mara kyau da kuma rashin juriya mara kyau. Don inganta waɗannan gazawar, gyaran hydrophobic ya bayyana. Hydroxyethylcellulose mai alaƙa da jima'i (HMHEC) kamar NatrosolPlus330, 331
(3) Polycarboxylates:
A cikin wannan polycarboxylate, babban nauyin kwayoyin halitta shine mai kauri, kuma ƙananan nauyin kwayoyin halitta shine mai rarrabawa. Sun fi adsorb kwayoyin ruwa a cikin babban sarkar tsarin, wanda ke kara danko na lokaci mai tarwatsewa; Bugu da kari, ana iya sanya su a saman sassan latex don samar da Layer mai rufi, wanda ke kara girman barbashi na latex, yana yin kauri na hydration Layer na latex, kuma yana kara danko na lokaci na ciki na latex. Duk da haka, wannan nau'in thickener yana da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi sosai, don haka a hankali an shafe shi a aikace-aikacen shafi. Yanzu irin wannan thickener an fi amfani da shi a cikin thickening na launi manna, saboda da kwayoyin nauyi ne in mun gwada da girma, don haka yana da taimako ga dispersibility da kuma ajiya kwanciyar hankali na launi manna.
(4) Kauri mai kumburin Alkaki:
Akwai manyan nau'ikan alkali-swellable thickeners: talakawa alkali-swellable thickeners da associative alkali-swellable thickeners. Babban bambanci tsakanin su shine bambanci a cikin haɗin gwiwar monomers da ke cikin babban sarkar kwayoyin halitta. Associative alkali-kumburi thickeners suna copolymerized tare da associative monomers da za su iya adsorb juna a cikin babban sarkar tsarin, don haka bayan ionization a cikin ruwa mai ruwa bayani, intra-kwayoyin ko inter-kwayoyin halitta adsorption iya faruwa, haifar da danko na tsarin ya tashi da sauri.
a. Alkali mai kumburin kauri:
Babban nau'in wakilin samfurin na talakawa alkali-swellable thickener shine ASE-60. ASE-60 galibi yana ɗaukar copolymerization na methacrylic acid da ethyl acrylate. A lokacin tsarin copolymerization, methacrylic acid yana lissafin kusan 1/3 na abun ciki mai ƙarfi, saboda kasancewar ƙungiyoyin carboxyl yana sa sarkar kwayoyin suna da wani matakin hydrophilicity, kuma yana kawar da tsarin samar da gishiri. Saboda tunkuɗen tuhumar, ana faɗaɗa sarƙoƙin ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda ke ƙara ɗanɗanon tsarin kuma yana haifar da sakamako mai kauri. Duk da haka, wani lokacin nauyin kwayoyin yana da girma sosai saboda aikin wakilin haɗin gwiwar. A yayin aiwatar da tsarin fadada sarkar kwayoyin halitta, sarkar kwayoyin ba ta warwatse sosai cikin kankanin lokaci. A lokacin tsarin ajiya na dogon lokaci, ana shimfiɗa sarkar kwayoyin halitta a hankali, wanda ke kawo Post-thickening na danko. Bugu da kari, saboda akwai 'yan hydrophobic monomers a cikin kwayoyin halittar irin wannan thickener, ba shi da sauki samar da hydrophobic hadaddun tsakanin kwayoyin, musamman don yin intramolecular adsorption juna, don haka irin wannan thickener yana da low thickening yadda ya dace. ba kasafai ake amfani da shi kadai ba. An fi amfani dashi a hade tare da sauran masu kauri.
b. Ƙungiyar (concord) nau'in alkali kumburi thickener:
Irin wannan thickener yanzu yana da nau'o'i da yawa saboda zaɓin haɗin gwiwar monomers da kuma tsarin tsarin kwayoyin halitta. Babban tsarin tsarinsa kuma ya ƙunshi methacrylic acid da ethyl acrylate, kuma masu haɗin gwiwar monomers kamar eriya ne a cikin tsarin, amma kaɗan ne kawai na rarrabawa. Waɗannan nau'ikan haɗin gwiwar monomers ne kamar dorinar ruwa tentacles waɗanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka haɓakar kauri. Ƙungiyar carboxyl a cikin tsarin ba ta da ƙarfi kuma tana samar da gishiri, kuma sarkar kwayoyin halitta kuma kamar wani kauri ne na alkali mai kumbura. Haka cajin tunkude yana faruwa, ta yadda sarkar kwayoyin halitta ta bayyana. Associative monomer a cikinsa kuma yana faɗaɗa tare da sarkar kwayoyin halitta, amma tsarinsa ya ƙunshi duka sarƙoƙi na hydrophilic da hydrophobic, don haka babban tsarin micellar mai kama da surfactants za a samar da shi a cikin kwayoyin halitta ko tsakanin kwayoyin halitta. Ana samar da waɗannan miceles ta hanyar tallan juna na ƙungiyoyi monomers, kuma wasu ƙungiyoyin monomers suna haɗa juna ta hanyar haɗakar tasirin emulsion (ko wasu barbashi). Bayan da aka samar da micelles, suna gyara ƙwayoyin emulsion, ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ruwa ko wasu barbashi a cikin tsarin a cikin yanayin da ba daidai ba kamar yadda motsin yadi, don haka motsin waɗannan kwayoyin (ko barbashi) ya raunana kuma danko na tsarin yana ƙaruwa. Don haka, ingancin wannan nau'in kauri, musamman a cikin fentin latex tare da babban abun ciki na emulsion, ya fi na talakawa alkali-kumburi mai kauri, don haka ana amfani da shi sosai a fenti. Babban wakilin samfurin Nau'in shine TT-935.
(5) Associative polyurethane (ko polyether) thickening da matakin wakili:
Gabaɗaya, masu kauri suna da nauyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta masu yawa (kamar cellulose da acrylic acid), kuma ana shimfiɗa sarƙoƙi na kwayoyin su a cikin maganin ruwa don ƙara ɗanɗanowar tsarin. Nauyin kwayoyin halitta na polyurethane (ko polyether) yana da ƙananan ƙananan, kuma yawanci yana samar da ƙungiya ta hanyar hulɗar karfi na van der Waals na ɓangaren lipophilic tsakanin kwayoyin halitta, amma wannan ƙungiyar ta kasance mai rauni, kuma ana iya yin ƙungiyar a ƙarƙashin wasu ƙididdiga. karfi na waje. Rabuwa, ta haka rage danko, yana da kyau ga daidaitawar fim din mai rufi, don haka zai iya taka rawar mai daidaitawa. Lokacin da aka kawar da ƙarfin juzu'i, zai iya ci gaba da haɗuwa da sauri, kuma danko na tsarin ya tashi. Wannan al'amari yana da amfani don rage danko da haɓaka haɓaka yayin gini; kuma bayan an rasa ƙarfin ƙarfi, za a dawo da danko nan da nan don ƙara kauri na fim ɗin sutura. A cikin aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen, mun fi damuwa da tasirin kauri na irin waɗannan abubuwan haɗin gwiwa akan emulsions na polymer. Har ila yau, manyan ƙwayoyin latex na polymer suna shiga cikin haɗin gwiwar tsarin, don haka irin wannan nau'i na kauri da kuma daidaitawa yana da tasiri mai kyau (ko matakin) lokacin da ya kasance ƙasa fiye da mahimmancinsa; lokacin da maida hankali na irin wannan nau'i mai ma'ana da ma'auni Lokacin da ya fi girma fiye da mahimmancinsa a cikin ruwa mai tsabta, zai iya samar da ƙungiyoyi da kansa, kuma danko ya tashi da sauri. Saboda haka, lokacin da irin wannan nau'i mai kauri da daidaitawa ya kasance ƙasa da mahimmancin maida hankali, saboda ƙwayoyin latex suna shiga cikin ƙungiya mai mahimmanci, ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayar emulsion, ƙarfin ƙungiyar, kuma danko zai karu tare da karuwa da haɓaka. adadin emulsion. Bugu da ƙari, wasu masu rarraba (ko acrylic thickeners) sun ƙunshi tsarin hydrophobic, kuma ƙungiyoyin su na hydrophobic suna hulɗa tare da na polyurethane, don haka tsarin ya samar da babban tsarin cibiyar sadarwa, wanda ya dace da kauri.
2. Sakamakon daban-daban thickeners a kan ruwa rabuwa juriya na latex fenti
A cikin ƙirar ƙirar fenti na tushen ruwa, yin amfani da masu kauri yana da mahimmanci mai mahimmanci, wanda ke da alaƙa da yawancin kaddarorin fentin latex, kamar gini, haɓaka launi, ajiya da bayyanar. Anan muna mai da hankali kan tasirin amfani da masu kauri akan ajiyar fenti na latex. Daga gabatarwar da ke sama, zamu iya sanin cewa bentonite da polycarboxylates: thickeners suna amfani da su a wasu sutura na musamman, wanda ba za a tattauna a nan ba. Za mu tattauna da mafi yawan amfani da cellulose, alkali kumburi, da kuma polyurethane (ko polyether) thickeners, kadai da kuma a hade, rinjayar da ruwa juriya na latex fenti.
Kodayake thickening tare da hydroxyethyl cellulose kadai ya fi tsanani a cikin rabuwar ruwa, yana da sauƙi a motsa a ko'ina. Amfani guda ɗaya na kumburin alkali ba shi da rabuwar ruwa da hazo amma tsananin kauri bayan kauri. Yin amfani da kauri guda ɗaya na polyurethane, kodayake rabuwar ruwa da bayan-kauri Ba mai tsanani bane, amma hazo da aka samar da shi yana da wuya kuma yana da wuyar motsawa. Kuma yana ɗaukar hydroxyethyl cellulose da alkali kumburi thickening fili, babu post-thickening, babu wuya hazo, sauki motsawa, amma akwai kuma wani karamin adadin ruwa. Duk da haka, lokacin da ake amfani da hydroxyethyl cellulose da polyurethane don kauri, rabuwar ruwa shine mafi tsanani, amma babu hazo mai wuya. Ana amfani da kauri mai kumburin Alkali tare da polyurethane tare, duk da cewa rabuwar ruwa ba shi da wani rabuwar ruwa, amma bayan kauri, kuma najasa a kasa yana da wuyar motsawa daidai. Kuma na ƙarshe yana amfani da ƙaramin adadin hydroxyethyl cellulose tare da kumburin alkali da kaurin polyurethane don samun yanayi iri ɗaya ba tare da hazo da rabuwar ruwa ba. Ana iya ganin cewa a cikin tsarin emulsion na acrylic mai tsabta tare da hydrophobicity mai karfi, ya fi tsanani don ɗaukar lokaci na ruwa tare da hydrophilic hydroxyethyl cellulose, amma ana iya motsa shi cikin sauƙi a ko'ina. A guda amfani da hydrophobic alkali kumburi da polyurethane (ko su fili) thickening, ko da yake anti-ruwa rabuwa yi ne mafi alhẽri, amma duka thicken daga baya, kuma idan akwai hazo, shi ake kira wuya hazo, wanda yake da wuya a motsa a ko'ina. Yin amfani da cellulose da polyurethane mai kauri, saboda mafi girman bambanci a cikin dabi'un hydrophilic da lipophilic, yana haifar da mafi girman rabuwar ruwa da hazo, amma laka yana da taushi kuma mai sauƙin motsawa. Ƙarshe na ƙarshe yana da mafi kyawun aikin rabuwar ruwa saboda ingantaccen daidaituwa tsakanin hydrophilic da lipophilic. Tabbas, a cikin ainihin tsarin ƙirar ƙira, nau'ikan emulsion da wetting da tarwatsa wakilai da ƙimar hydrophilic da lipophilic yakamata kuma a yi la'akari da su. Sai kawai lokacin da suka isa daidaitattun ma'auni na tsarin zai iya kasancewa a cikin yanayin ma'auni na thermodynamic kuma yana da kyakkyawan juriya na Ruwa.
A cikin tsarin kauri, lokacin da ake yin kauri na ruwa a wasu lokuta yana tare da haɓakar danko na lokacin mai. Misali, gabaɗaya mun yi imani cewa masu kauri na cellulose suna kauri lokacin ruwa, amma ana rarraba cellulose a cikin lokacin ruwa.
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-29-2022