taƙaitawa
1. Watsi da tarwatsa wakili
2. Defoamer
3. Mai kauri
4. Additives masu yin fim
5. Sauran additives
Wetting da dispersing wakili
Rubutun tushen ruwa suna amfani da ruwa azaman matsakaicin ƙarfi ko watsawa, kuma ruwa yana da babban dielectric akai-akai, don haka rufin tushen ruwa galibi yana daidaitawa ta hanyar rikitar da wutar lantarki lokacin da layin lantarki biyu ya mamaye.
Bugu da ƙari, a cikin tsarin suturar ruwa na ruwa, sau da yawa ana samun polymers da wadanda ba na ion ba, wanda aka sanya su a saman filaye na pigment, suna haifar da tsangwama da daidaitawa. Sabili da haka, fenti na tushen ruwa da emulsions suna samun sakamako mai ƙarfi ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa na ƙin electrostatic da hanawa mai tsauri. Rashinsa shine rashin juriya na electrolyte, musamman ga masu amfani da kayan lantarki masu tsada.
1.1 Wakilin jifa
Abubuwan da ake yin jika don suturar ruwa an raba su zuwa anionic da nonionic.
Haɗin wakili na wetting da wakili mai tarwatsawa zai iya cimma sakamako mai kyau. Adadin wakilin jika gabaɗaya kaɗan ne a cikin dubu ɗaya. Sakamakonsa mara kyau shine kumfa da kuma rage juriya na ruwa na fim din mai rufi.
Daya daga cikin ci gaban da ake samu na jika jamiái shi ne a hankali maye gurbin polyoxyethylene alkyl (benzene) phenol ether (APEO ko gwaggwon biri) jika jamiái, domin yana kaiwa ga rage na namiji hormones a cikin berayen da kuma tsoma baki tare da endocrine. Polyoxyethylene alkyl (benzene) phenol ethers ana amfani da ko'ina a matsayin emulsifiers a lokacin emulsion polymerization.
Twin surfactants kuma sababbin abubuwan ci gaba ne. Kwayoyin amphiphilic guda biyu ne da ke haɗe ta hanyar sarari. Mafi shaharar siffa ta tagwayen-cell surfactants shine cewa mahimmancin micell maida hankali (CMC) ya fi tsari na girma ƙasa da na na'urorin surfactants ɗin su na "kwayoyin halitta guda ɗaya", tare da babban inganci. Irin su TEGO Twin 4000, tagwayen siloxane surfactant ce ta siloxane, kuma yana da kumfa mara tsayayye da abubuwan lalata kumfa.
1.2 Watsawa
Dispersants for latex fenti sun kasu kashi hudu: phosphate dispersants, polyacid homopolymer dispersants, polyacid copolymer dispersants da sauran dispersants.
Mafi yadu amfani da phosphate dispersants ne polyphosphates, irin su sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium polyphosphate (Calgon N, samfurin BK Giulini Chemical Company a Jamus), potassium tripolyphosphate (KTPP) da kuma tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (TKPP).
Hanyar aikinta shine daidaitawa electrostatic repulsion ta hanyar haɗin hydrogen da adsorption na sinadarai. Amfanin sa shine cewa sashi yana da ƙasa, kusan 0.1%, kuma yana da tasirin tarwatsawa mai kyau akan inorganic pigments da filler. Amma kuma akwai rashi: wanda, tare da haɓaka darajar pH da zafin jiki, polyphosphate yana da sauƙi mai sauƙi, yana haifar da kwanciyar hankali na dogon lokaci mara kyau; Rashin cikar narkewa a cikin matsakaici zai shafi sheki mai sheki na latex mai sheki.
1 Phosphate mai rarrabawa
Fosphate ester dispersants suna tabbatar da tarwatsewar launin launi, gami da abubuwan da ke aiki kamar su zinc oxide. A cikin ƙirar fenti mai sheki, yana inganta sheki da tsabta. Ba kamar sauran abubuwan da suka haɗa da jika da tarwatsawa ba, ƙari na phosphate ester dispersants baya shafar KU da ICI danko na rufi.
Polyacid homopolymer dispersant, kamar Tamol 1254 da Tamol 850, Tamol 850 ne homopolymer na methacrylic acid.
Polyacid copolymer dispersant, kamar Orotan 731A, wanda shine copolymer na diisobutylene da maleic acid. Halayen waɗannan nau'ikan watsawa guda biyu sune cewa suna samar da karfi mai ƙarfi ko anfita a saman alamu da masu ɗaukar ruwa a cikin sarkar lantarki cimma barga sakamakon. Don sanya mai rarraba ya sami rarrabuwa mai kyau, nauyin kwayoyin dole ne a sarrafa shi sosai. Idan nauyin kwayoyin halitta ya yi ƙanƙanta, za a sami rashin isasshen cikas; idan nauyin kwayoyin ya yi girma da yawa, flocculation zai faru. Domin polyacrylate dispersants, mafi kyau watsawa sakamako za a iya samu idan mataki na polymerization ne 12-18.
Sauran nau'ikan masu rarraba, kamar AMP-95, suna da sunan sinadarai na 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol. Rukunin amino yana daɗawa a saman ɓangarorin inorganic, kuma ƙungiyar hydroxyl ta miƙe zuwa ruwa, wanda ke taka rawar daidaitawa ta hanyar tsangwama. Saboda ƙananan girmansa, tsangwama mai tsauri yana da iyaka. AMP-95 galibi shine mai sarrafa pH.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, bincike kan masu rarrabawa ya shawo kan matsalar flocculation da ke haifar da yawan nauyin kwayoyin halitta, kuma haɓaka nauyin nauyin kwayoyin halitta yana daya daga cikin abubuwan da ke faruwa. Misali, EFKA-4580 mai girman nauyin kwayoyin halitta wanda aka samar ta hanyar emulsion polymerization an haɓaka shi musamman don rufin masana'antar ruwa na tushen ruwa, wanda ya dace da rarrabuwar launi na kwayoyin halitta da inorganic, kuma yana da tsayayyar ruwa mai kyau.
Ƙungiyoyin Amino suna da kyakkyawar alaƙa ga yawancin pigments ta hanyar acid-base ko hydrogen bonding. Toshe copolymer mai tarwatsewa tare da aminoacrylic acid kamar yadda aka mai da hankali ga rukunin da aka kafa.
2 Watsewa tare da dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate a matsayin rukuni na anchoring
Ana amfani da Tego Dispers 655 wetting da dispersing additive a cikin fenti na mota na ruwa ba kawai don daidaita launin launi ba har ma don hana foda na aluminum daga amsawa da ruwa.
Saboda abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli, an samar da wasu abubuwan da za su iya tarwatsewa, kamar su EnviroGem AE jerin jika-jita-jita da tarwatsawa, waɗanda ke da ƙarancin jika da tarwatsawa.
Defoamer
Akwai nau'ikan fenti iri-iri na gargajiya da ake amfani da su a cikin ruwa, waɗanda gabaɗaya an raba su zuwa rukuni uku: masu cire foam ɗin mai na ma'adinai, masu cire foam ɗin polysiloxane da sauran masu lalata kumfa.
Ana amfani da masu lalatar man ma'adinai da yawa, galibi a cikin fenti na lebur da mai sheki.
Polysiloxane defoamers suna da ƙananan tashin hankali, ƙaƙƙarfan defoaming da ƙarfin antifoaming, kuma ba sa tasiri mai sheki, amma idan aka yi amfani da shi ba daidai ba, za su haifar da lahani irin su shrinkage na fim din da rashin daidaituwa.
Ƙwararren fenti na gargajiya na ruwa na gargajiya ba su dace da yanayin ruwa don cimma manufar lalata ba, don haka yana da sauƙi don samar da lahani a cikin fim din mai rufi.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an ƙirƙiri masu lalata matakin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta.
Wannan antifoaming wakili ne polymer kafa ta kai tsaye grafting antifoaming aiki abubuwa a kan m abu. Sarkar kwayoyin halitta na polymer yana da rukunin hydroxyl wetting, an rarraba kayan aiki mai lalacewa a kusa da kwayoyin halitta, abu mai aiki ba shi da sauƙi don tarawa, kuma dacewa da tsarin sutura yana da kyau. Irin waɗannan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta sun haɗa da mai ma'adinai - jerin FoamStar A10, mai ɗauke da silicon - jerin FoamStar A30, da waɗanda ba siliki ba, polymers ba mai - FoamStar MF jerin.
Wannan na'urar na'urar sikelin sikelin suna amfani da polymer ɗin tauraro mai ɗorewa a matsayin surfactant mara dacewa kuma ya sami sakamako mai kyau a aikace-aikacen shafa na ruwa. The Air Products-kwalli-grade defoamer ya ruwaito ta Stout et al. wakili ne mai sarrafa kumfa mai tushen acetylene glycol da defoamer tare da duk abubuwan jika, kamar Surfynol MD 20 da Surfynol DF 37.
Bugu da kari, don biyan bukatun samar da sifili-VOC coatings, akwai kuma VOC-free defoamers, kamar Agitan 315, Agitan E 255, da dai sauransu.
mai kauri
Akwai nau'o'in kauri da yawa, a halin yanzu ana amfani da su sune cellulose ether da abubuwan da suka samo asali, masu kauri na associative alkali-swellable thickeners (HASE) da polyurethane thickeners (HEUR).
3.1. Cellulose ether da abubuwan da suka samo asali
Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)Kamfanin Union Carbide ne ya fara samar da shi ta hanyar masana'antu a cikin 1932, kuma yana da tarihin sama da shekaru 70.
A halin yanzu, da thickeners na cellulose ether da abubuwan da aka gyara yafi hada da hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (MHEC), ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (EHEC), methyl hydroxypropyl Base cellulose (MHPC), methyl cellulose (MC) da xanthan danko. da dai sauransu, waɗannan su ne waɗanda ba na ionic thickeners, kuma suna cikin wadanda ba hade da ruwa lokaci thickeners. Daga cikin su, HEC shine mafi yawan amfani da fenti na latex.
3.2 Alkaki mai kauri mai kumburi
An kasu kauri mai kumbura Alkali zuwa kashi biyu: masu kaurin alkali-swellable thickeners (ASE) wadanda ba sa hade da alkali-swellable thickeners (HASE), wadanda su ne anionic thickeners. ASE maras alaƙa shine emulsion mai kumburi polyacrylate alkali.
3.3. Mai kauri na polyurethane da hydrophobically modified non-polyurethane thickener
Polyurethane thickener, ake magana a kai a matsayin HEUR, wani hydrophobic rukuni-gyara ethoxylated polyurethane ruwa mai narkewa polymer polymer, wanda nasa wadanda ba ionic associative thickener.
HEUR ya ƙunshi sassa uku: ƙungiyar hydrophobic, sarkar hydrophilic da ƙungiyar polyurethane.
Ƙungiyar hydrophobic tana taka rawar ƙungiya kuma ita ce ƙaƙƙarfan abu don kauri, yawanci oleyl, octadecyl, dodecylphenyl, nonylphenol, da dai sauransu.
Koyaya, matakin maye gurbin ƙungiyoyin hydrophobic a ƙarshen ƙarshen wasu kasuwancin da ake samu HEURs ƙasa da 0.9, kuma mafi kyawun shine kawai 1.7. Ya kamata a sarrafa yanayin halayen don samun kauri na polyurethane tare da kunkuntar rarraba nauyin kwayoyin halitta da aikin barga. Yawancin HEURs ana haɗa su ta hanyar polymerization na mataki-mataki, don haka samuwan HEURs na kasuwanci gabaɗaya gauraye ne na ma'aunin ma'aunin ƙwayoyin cuta.
Baya ga kauri na haɗin gwiwar polyurethane na linzamin da aka kwatanta a sama, akwai kuma masu kauri-kamar associative polyurethane thickeners. Abin da ake kira comb Association polyurethane thickener yana nufin cewa akwai ƙungiyar hydrophobic mai lanƙwasa a tsakiyar kowane ƙwayar kauri. Irin wannan thickeners kamar SCT-200 da SCT-275 da dai sauransu.
Lokacin da aka ƙara adadin ƙungiyoyin hydrophobic na al'ada, akwai ƙungiyoyin hydrophobic masu ƙarewa guda 2 kawai, don haka haɗin gwiwar amino thickener na hydrophobically gyare-gyare bai bambanta da HEUR ba, kamar Optiflo H 500, duba Hoto na 3.
Idan an ƙara ƙarin ƙungiyoyin hydrophobic, kamar har zuwa 8%, ana iya daidaita yanayin halayen don samar da kauri na amino tare da ƙungiyoyin hydrophobic da yawa da aka toshe. Tabbas, wannan ma kaurin tsefe ne.
Wannan hydrophobic modified amino thickener zai iya hana fenti faduwa daga faduwa saboda da yawa na surfactants da glycol kaushi a lokacin da aka ƙara da launi. Dalilin shi ne cewa ƙungiyoyi masu karfi na hydrophobic na iya hana lalacewa, kuma ƙungiyoyi masu yawa na hydrophobic suna da ƙungiya mai karfi.
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-26-2022