An raba turmi da aka shirya zuwa turmi mai gauraya rigar da busasshiyar turmi bisa ga hanyar samarwa. Ruwan da aka gauraya da ruwa ana kiransa turmi-mixed, kuma ƙaƙƙarfan cakuda da aka yi da kayan busassun ana kiransa turmi-bushe. Akwai albarkatun kasa da yawa da ke da hannu a cikin shirye-shiryen da aka haɗa turmi. Bugu da ƙari, kayan siminti, aggregates, da ma'adinan ma'adinai, ana buƙatar ƙara kayan ado don inganta filastik, riƙe ruwa, da daidaito. Akwai nau'ikan admixtures da yawa don turmi da aka shirya, wanda za'a iya raba shi zuwa ether cellulose, sitaci ether, redispersible latex foda, bentonite, da dai sauransu daga sinadaran abun da ke ciki; za a iya raba zuwa iska-entraining wakili, stabilizer, anti-fatsa fiber, Retarder, totur, ruwa ragewa, dispersant, da dai sauransu Wannan labarin yana bitar ci gaban bincike na da yawa amfani admixtures a shirye-cakude turmi.
1 na gama gari don turmi mai gauraya
1.1 Wakilin haɓaka iska
Ma'aikacin da ke haifar da iska shine wakili mai aiki, kuma nau'in na kowa sun hada da rosin resins, alkyl da alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon sulfonic acid, da dai sauransu. Lokacin da aka ƙara wakili na iska a cikin turmi, ana haɗa ƙungiyar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta ta sararin samaniya, yayin da ƙungiyar hydrophobic ke haɗa tare da ƙaramin kumfa. Kuma a ko'ina rarraba a cikin turmi, don haka kamar yadda ya jinkirta da farkon hydration tsari na siminti, inganta ruwa riƙewa yi na turmi, rage hasara kudi na daidaito, kuma a lokaci guda, da kankanin iska kumfa iya taka wani lubricating rawa. inganta pumpability da sprayability na turmi.
Tasirin wakili mai haɓaka iska akan aikin injin fesa turmi na shirye-shirye, binciken ya gano cewa: wakili mai haɓaka iska ya gabatar da adadin ƙananan kumfa mai yawa a cikin turmi, wanda ya inganta aikin turmi, yana rage yawan aiki. juriya a lokacin yin famfo da fesa, da kuma rage ƙullewar al'amarin; Bugu da ƙari na wakili mai haɗawa da iska yana rage ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin aiki na turmi, kuma asarar ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin turmi yana ƙaruwa tare da karuwar abun ciki; Ma'aikaci mai haɓaka iska yana inganta daidaituwa, 2h daidaitaccen asarar hasara da riƙewar ruwa na turmi Ƙirar da sauran alamun wasan kwaikwayon suna inganta aikin spraying da aikin famfo na injin fesa turmi, a gefe guda, yana haifar da asarar ƙarfin matsawa da haɗin kai. karfin turmi.
Tasirin nau'ikan nau'ikan haɓakar iska guda uku da ake samu a kasuwa akan turmi da aka gama shiryawa. Binciken ya nuna cewa ba tare da la'akari da tasirin ether na cellulose ba, haɓakar yawan adadin kuzarin iska zai iya rage yawan rigar turmi da aka shirya, da kuma abubuwan da ke cikin turmi Ƙarar iska da daidaito suna karuwa sosai, yayin da An rage yawan riƙe ruwa da ƙarfin matsawa; kuma ta hanyar nazarin sauye-sauyen index na aikin turmi da aka haɗe tare da ether cellulose da mai haɓaka iska, an gano cewa daidaitawar su biyu ya kamata a yi la'akari da su bayan an haɗa nau'in iska da cellulose ether. Ether na cellulose na iya haifar da wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da iska don kasawa, don haka rage yawan riƙe ruwa na turmi.
Haɗuwa guda ɗaya na wakili mai hana iska, wakili mai rage raguwa da cakuda duka biyun suna da takamaiman tasiri akan kaddarorin turmi. Wang Quanlei ya gano cewa, karin ma'aikatan da ke motsa iska yana kara yawan raguwar turmi, sannan karin sinadarin rage raguwa yana rage raguwar turmi sosai. Dukansu biyu na iya jinkirta fashewar zoben turmi. Lokacin da aka haɗu biyun, ƙimar raguwa na turmi ba ya canzawa da yawa, kuma ana haɓaka juriya.
1.2 Foda na latex mai iya sakewa
Redispersible latex foda wani muhimmin sashe ne na busasshiyar busasshiyar turmi a yau. Yana da wani ruwa mai narkewa Organic polymer samar da high-kwayoyin halitta polymer emulsion ta high zafin jiki da kuma high matsa lamba, fesa bushewa, surface jiyya da sauran matakai. Roger ya yi imanin cewa emulsion da aka kafa ta hanyar sabunta latex foda a cikin turmi ciminti yana samar da tsarin fim na polymer a cikin turmi, wanda zai iya inganta ƙarfin simintin turmi don tsayayya da lalacewa.
Sakamakon bincike na aikace-aikace na redispersible latex foda a cikin turmi siminti ya nuna cewa redispersible latex foda zai iya inganta elasticity da taurin kayan, inganta kwarara aiki na sabo ne gauraye turmi, da kuma samun wani ruwa rage sakamako. Ƙungiyarsa ta binciki tasirin tsarin warkarwa akan ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na turmi, kuma sun zo daidai da cewa foda mai tarwatsewa yana sa turmi ya fallasa yanayin yanayi mai jurewa ga canjin zafi da zafi. Mun yi amfani da XCT don nazarin tasirin nau'in foda na roba daban-daban a cikin turmi da aka gyara akan tsarin pore, kuma mun yi imani cewa idan aka kwatanta da turmi na yau da kullum, adadin ramukan da ƙarar ramuka a cikin turmi da aka gyara sun fi girma.
An zaɓi nau'o'i daban-daban da adadin foda na roba da aka gyara don gwada tasirin su akan aikin turmi mai hana ruwa. Sakamakon binciken ya nuna cewa lokacin da adadin foda foda da aka gyara ya kasance a cikin kewayon 1.0% zuwa 1.5%, aikin nau'i daban-daban na foda na roba ya fi dacewa. . Bayan an ƙara foda mai yuwuwa a cikin siminti, ƙimar farkon hydration na simintin yana raguwa, fim ɗin polymer ya nannade barbashin siminti, simintin ya cika ruwa sosai, kuma an inganta kaddarorin daban-daban. Ta hanyar bincike, an gano cewa hada foda mai iya tarwatsewa a cikin turmi siminti zai iya rage ruwa, kuma foda da siminti na iya samar da tsarin hanyar sadarwa don haɓaka ƙarfin haɗin gwiwar turmi, rage ɓarna na turmi, da haɓaka aikin turmi.
Tasirin gyare-gyare na foda mai iya tarwatsawa akan kaddarorin turmi simintin yashi mai kyau. A cikin binciken, ƙayyadadden ƙwayar yashi-yashi shine 1: 2.5, daidaito shine (70 ± 5) mm, kuma an zaɓi adadin foda na roba azaman 0-3% na yawan yashi-yashi, canje-canje a cikin microscopic Properties na modified turmi a 28 days aka bincikar da SEM, da kuma sakamakon ya nuna cewa mafi girma da abun ciki na redispersible latex foda, da mafi ci gaba da polymer film kafa a saman da turmi hydration samfurin, da kuma mafi kyau yi na turmi.
Hanyar aiwatar da redispersible latex foda a cikin EPS insulation turmi, bincike ya nuna cewa bayan an haɗe shi da turmi siminti, da polymer barbashi da siminti za su coagulate, forming wani stacked Layer tare da juna, da kuma samar da cikakken cibiyar sadarwa a lokacin da hydration tsari. tsarin, ta haka ne ƙwarai inganta bonding ƙarfi ƙarfi da kuma yi aikin ginin thermal insulation turmi.
1.3 Foda mai kauri
Ayyukan thickening foda shine don inganta ingantaccen aikin turmi. Yana da kayan foda mara iska wanda aka shirya daga nau'ikan kayan inorganic, polymers na halitta, surfactants da sauran kayan aiki na musamman. Thickening foda ya hada da redispersible latex foda, bentonite, inorganic ma'adinai foda, ruwa-retaining thickener, da dai sauransu, wanda yana da wani adsorption sakamako a kan jiki ruwa kwayoyin, ba kawai zai iya ƙara daidaito da ruwa riƙe da turmi, amma kuma suna da kyau dacewa tare da. daban-daban siminti. Daidaituwa na iya inganta aikin turmi sosai. Mun yi nazarin sakamakon HJ-C2 thickened foda a kan Properties na bushe-mixed talakawa turmi, da kuma sakamakon nuna cewa thickened foda yana da kadan tasiri a kan daidaito da kuma 28d compressive ƙarfi na bushe-mixed talakawa turmi, kuma yana da kyau kwarai. tasiri a kan matakin Layering na tasirin inganta turmi. Tasirin thickening foda da daban-daban aka gyara a kan jiki da kuma inji fihirisa da karko sabon turmi karkashin daban-daban dosages. Sakamakon bincike ya nuna cewa aikin sabon turmi ya inganta sosai saboda ƙara daɗaɗɗen foda. Shigar da redispersible latex foda inganta flexural ƙarfi na turmi da kuma rage matsawa ƙarfi na turmi, da kuma shigar da cellulose ether da inorganic ma'adinai kayan rage matsawa da flexural ƙarfi na turmi; An shafi dorewar busassun busassun turmi, wanda ke ƙara raguwar turmi. Sakamakon hadawa na bentonite da cellulose ether akan alamun wasan kwaikwayo na shirye-shiryen turmi, a ƙarƙashin yanayin tabbatar da aikin turmi mai kyau, an kammala cewa mafi kyawun adadin bentonite shine kimanin 10kg / m3, kuma mafi kyawun adadin cellulose ether. shine manne 0.05% na yawan adadin siminti. A cikin wannan adadin, foda mai kauri da aka haɗe tare da biyu yana da tasiri mai kyau akan ingantaccen aikin turmi.
1.4 Cellulose Ether
Cellulose ether ya samo asali ne daga ma'anar ganuwar tantanin halitta ta manomin Faransa Anselme Payon a cikin 1830s. Ana yin ta ta hanyar mayar da cellulose daga itace da auduga tare da soda caustic, sa'an nan kuma ƙara ma'anar etherification don maganin sinadaran. Saboda ether cellulose yana da kyakkyawan riƙewar ruwa da kuma tasiri mai kauri, ƙara ƙaramin adadin ether cellulose zuwa siminti zai iya inganta aikin aiki na turmi mai gauraye. A cikin siminti-tushen kayan, da aka saba amfani da irin cellulose ether sun hada da methyl cellulose ether (MC), hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEC), hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether da hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether ne mafi. saba amfani.
Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) yana da babban tasiri akan ruwa, riƙewar ruwa da ƙarfin haɗin kai na turmi mai daidaita kai. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa ether cellulose na iya inganta haɓakar ruwa na turmi sosai, rage daidaito na turmi, kuma yana yin tasiri mai kyau; lokacin da adadin hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether ke tsakanin 0.02% da 0.04%, , ƙarfin turmi yana raguwa sosai. Xu Fenlian ya tattauna tasirin hydrocarbon propyl methyl cellulose ether akan aikin turmi mai gauraye ta hanyar amfani da canjin abun ciki na hydrocarbon propyl methyl cellulose ether. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa ether cellulose yana yin tasiri mai tasiri na iska kuma yana inganta aikin aikin turmi. Riƙewar ruwansa yana rage ƙulla turmi kuma yana tsawaita lokacin aiki na turmi. Yana da ƙari na waje wanda zai iya inganta aikin turmi yadda ya kamata. A lokacin binciken, an kuma gano cewa abun da ke cikin ether cellulose bai kamata ya yi yawa ba, in ba haka ba zai haifar da karuwa mai yawa a cikin iska na turmi, wanda zai haifar da raguwar yawa, asarar ƙarfi da kuma tasiri akan ingancin turmi. Sakamakon ether cellulose akan kaddarorin turmi da aka shirya. Nazarin ya nuna cewa ƙari na ether cellulose zai iya inganta haɓakar ruwa na turmi, kuma a lokaci guda yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci na rage ruwa akan turmi. Hakanan ether ɗin cellulose na iya yin cakuda turmi Rage yawa, tsawan lokaci saiti, rage sassauƙa da ƙarfi. Cellulose ether da sitaci ether iri biyu ne na admixtures da aka saba amfani da su wajen ginin turmi. Tasirin biyun sun gauraya cikin busassun turmi mai gauraya akan aikin turmi. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa haɗuwa da su biyu na iya inganta ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na turmi sosai.
Masana da yawa sun yi nazarin tasirin ether na cellulose akan ƙarfin turmi na siminti, amma saboda nau'in ether cellulose iri-iri, ma'auni na kwayoyin halitta ma sun bambanta, wanda ya haifar da babban bambanci a cikin aikin da aka gyara na turmi siminti. Sakamakon danko da sashi na ether cellulose akan kayan aikin injiniya na ciminti slurry. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa ƙarfin simintin siminti da aka gyara tare da ether cellulose tare da babban danko yana da ƙasa, kuma ƙarfin matsa lamba na simintin slurry yana nuna babban karuwa a cikin adadin cellulose ether. Halin raguwa kuma a ƙarshe yana daidaitawa, yayin da ƙarfin sassauci ya nuna tsarin canji na karuwa, raguwa, kwanciyar hankali da ƙara dan kadan.
2 Epilogue
(1) Binciken da aka yi a kan abubuwan haɓakawa har yanzu yana iyakance ga bincike na gwaji, kuma tasirin da ake yi na kayan aikin ciminti ba shi da cikakken goyon bayan tsarin ka'idar. Har yanzu akwai rashin ƙididdige ƙididdiga game da tasirin ƙari na haɓakawa akan tsarin kwayoyin halitta na kayan da ke da siminti, canjin ƙarfin haɗin haɗin gwiwa, da tsarin hydration.
(2) Ya kamata a ba da fifikon tasirin admixture a cikin aikace-aikacen injiniya. A halin yanzu, yawancin bincike har yanzu suna iyakance ga binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje. Daban-daban nau'ikan nau'ikan bangon bango, ƙarancin ƙasa, shayar da ruwa, da sauransu suna da buƙatu daban-daban akan alamomin zahiri na turmi da aka shirya. Yanayin yanayi daban-daban, yanayin zafi, saurin iska, ƙarfin injinan da aka yi amfani da su da hanyoyin aiki, da sauransu duk suna shafar turmi da aka riga aka haɗa kai tsaye. Sakamakon hada turmi. Don cimma sakamako mai kyau na amfani a aikin injiniya, turmi da aka shirya ya kamata ya zama rarrabuwa sosai kuma ya keɓance shi, kuma ya kamata a yi la'akari da tsarin samar da layin samarwa da buƙatun farashi na kamfani, kuma tabbatar da tabbatar da ƙirar dakin gwaje-gwaje ya kamata a ɗauka. fita, don cimma mafi girman darajar ingantawa.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-22-2022