Takaitawa:Cellulose ether shine babban ƙari a cikin turmi da aka shirya. An gabatar da nau'ikan da halaye na tsarin ether cellulose, kuma an zaɓi hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether (HPMC) azaman ƙari don nazarin tsarin da tasiri akan kaddarorin turmi daban-daban. . Nazarin ya nuna cewa: HPMC na iya inganta ingantaccen ruwa na turmi, kuma yana da tasirin rage ruwa. Har ila yau, yana iya rage yawan cakuda turmi, da tsawaita lokacin saitin turmi, da kuma rage ƙarfin sassauƙa da matsawa na turmi.
Mabuɗin kalmomi:turmi da aka shirya; hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether (HPMC); yi
0.Gabatarwa
Turmi na ɗaya daga cikin kayan da aka fi amfani da su a masana'antar gine-gine. Tare da haɓaka ilimin kimiyyar kayan aiki da haɓaka buƙatun mutane don ingantaccen gini, turmi ya haɓaka sannu a hankali zuwa kasuwanci kamar haɓakawa da haɓaka siminti mai gauraya. Idan aka kwatanta da turmi da aka shirya ta hanyar fasahar gargajiya, turmi da aka samar da kasuwanci yana da fa'idodi da yawa: (a) ingancin samfur; (b) ingantaccen samarwa; (c) ƙarancin gurɓataccen muhalli da dacewa don ginin wayewa. A halin yanzu, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Beijing da sauran biranen kasar Sin sun inganta turmi mai gauraya, kuma an fitar da ka'idojin masana'antu da ka'idojin kasa da suka dace ko kuma za a fitar da su nan ba da jimawa ba.
Daga mahallin abun da ke ciki, babban bambanci tsakanin turmi da aka shirya da kuma turmi na gargajiya shine ƙari na hada-hadar sinadarai, daga cikinsu akwai ether cellulose da aka fi amfani da su. Ana amfani da ether cellulose yawanci azaman wakili mai riƙe da ruwa. Manufar ita ce inganta aikin turmi mai gauraya. Adadin ether cellulose yana da ƙananan, amma yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan aikin turmi. Babban ƙari ne wanda ke shafar aikin ginin turmi. Sabili da haka, ƙarin fahimtar tasirin nau'ikan nau'ikan da sifofin tsarin ether na cellulose akan aikin simintin siminti zai taimaka don zaɓar da amfani da ether cellulose daidai da tabbatar da ingantaccen aikin turmi.
1. Nau'i da halayen tsarin ethers cellulose
Cellulose ether ne mai ruwa mai narkewa polymer abu, wanda aka sarrafa daga halitta cellulose ta alkali rushe, grafting dauki (etherification), wankewa, bushewa, nika da sauran matakai. Cellulose ethers sun kasu kashi ionic da nonionic, kuma ionic cellulose yana da carboxymethyl cellulose gishiri. Nonionic cellulose ya hada da hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether, methyl cellulose ether da makamantansu. Saboda ionic cellulose ether (carboxymethyl cellulose gishiri) ne m a gaban alli ions, shi ne da wuya a yi amfani da busassun foda kayayyakin da siminti, slaked lemun tsami da sauran siminti kayan. The cellulose ethers amfani a bushe foda turmi ne yafi hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC) da kuma hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC), wanda lissafi fiye da 90% na kasuwa rabo.
HPMC da aka kafa ta etherification dauki na cellulose alkali kunnawa jiyya tare da etherification wakili methyl chloride da propylene oxide. A cikin halayen etherification, ƙungiyar hydroxyl akan kwayoyin cellulose an maye gurbinsu ta hanyar methoxy) da hydroxypropyl don samar da HPMC. Ana iya bayyana adadin ƙungiyoyin da ƙungiyar hydroxyl ta maye gurbinsu akan kwayoyin cellulose ta hanyar matakin etherification (wanda ake kira matakin maye gurbin). Ether na HPMC Matsayin canjin sinadarai yana tsakanin 12 da 15. Don haka, akwai ƙungiyoyi masu mahimmanci irin su hydroxyl (-OH), ether bond (-o-) da zoben anhydroglucose a cikin tsarin HPMC, kuma waɗannan ƙungiyoyi suna da takamaiman. tasiri akan aikin turmi .
2. Tasirin ether cellulose akan kaddarorin siminti turmi
2.1 Kayan danye don gwajin
Cellulose ether: samar da Luzhou Hercules Tianpu Chemical Co., Ltd., danko: 75000;
Siminti: Alamar Conch 32.5 siminti mai hade; yashi: yashi matsakaici; tashi ash: grade II.
2.2 Sakamakon gwaji
2.2.1 Tasirin rage ruwa na ether cellulose
Daga alaƙar da ke tsakanin daidaituwar turmi da abun ciki na ether cellulose a ƙarƙashin irin wannan hadaddiyar giyar, ana iya ganin cewa daidaiton turmi yana ƙaruwa a hankali tare da ƙara yawan abun ciki na ether cellulose. Lokacin da adadin ya kasance 0.3 ‰, daidaiton turmi yana da kusan 50% mafi girma fiye da haka ba tare da haɗuwa ba, wanda ke nuna cewa ether cellulose na iya inganta haɓaka aikin turmi. Yayin da adadin ether na cellulose ya karu, yawan ruwa zai iya raguwa a hankali. Ana iya la'akari da cewa ether cellulose yana da wani tasiri mai rage ruwa.
2.2.2 Riƙewar ruwa
Riƙewar ruwa na turmi yana nufin ƙarfin turmi don riƙe ruwa, kuma shine ma'auni na aiki don auna daidaiton abubuwan ciki na sabon turmi siminti yayin sufuri da filin ajiye motoci. Ana iya auna riƙewar ruwa ta alamomi guda biyu: digiri na stratification da yawan ajiyar ruwa, amma saboda ƙari na wakili mai riƙe da ruwa, an inganta riƙewar ruwa na turmi mai gauraya da kyau, kuma matakin ƙaddamarwa ba shi da hankali sosai. don nuna bambanci. Gwajin riƙewar ruwa shine ƙididdige adadin riƙon ruwa ta hanyar auna yawan canjin takarda ta tace kafin da bayan bayanan tacewa tare da takamaiman yanki na turmi a cikin wani ɗan lokaci. Saboda kyakkyawan shayar da ruwa na takarda mai tacewa, ko da idan ruwa na turmi yana da yawa, takarda mai tacewa zai iya ɗaukar danshi a cikin turmi, don haka. Matsakaicin adadin ruwa zai iya yin daidai daidai da riƙewar ruwa na turmi, mafi girma yawan adadin ruwa, mafi kyawun riƙewar ruwa.
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa na fasaha don inganta haɓakar ruwa na turmi, amma ƙara ether cellulose shine hanya mafi inganci. Tsarin ether cellulose ya ƙunshi hydroxyl da ether bond. Atom ɗin oxygen akan waɗannan ƙungiyoyi suna haɗuwa da kwayoyin ruwa don samar da haɗin gwiwar hydrogen. Sanya kwayoyin ruwa kyauta su zama ruwan da aka daure, domin su taka rawar gani wajen rike ruwa. Daga dangantakar dake tsakanin adadin ruwa na turmi da abun ciki na ether cellulose, ana iya ganin cewa a cikin kewayon gwajin gwajin, yawan adadin ruwa na turmi da abun ciki na ether cellulose yana nuna kyakkyawar dangantaka mai dacewa. Mafi girman abun ciki na ether cellulose, mafi girma yawan ajiyar ruwa. .
2.2.3 Yawan cakuda turmi
Ana iya gani daga canjin ka'idar da yawa na cakuda turmi tare da abun ciki na ether cellulose cewa yawan adadin turmi yana raguwa a hankali tare da karuwa da abun ciki na ether cellulose, da kuma rigar yawa na turmi lokacin da abun ciki. shine 0.3‰o Ragewa da kusan 17% (idan aka kwatanta da babu gauraya). Akwai dalilai guda biyu na raguwar yawan turmi: ɗaya shine tasirin haɓakar iska na ether cellulose. Ether na cellulose ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin alkyl, wanda zai iya rage ƙarfin daɗaɗɗen ruwa na ruwa, kuma yana da tasirin iska akan turmi siminti, yana sa abun cikin iska na turmi ya karu, kuma taurin fim din ma ya fi haka. na kumfa mai tsabta, kuma ba shi da sauƙi don fitarwa; a gefe guda kuma, ether cellulose yana faɗaɗa bayan ya sha ruwa kuma ya mamaye wani nau'i na musamman, wanda yayi daidai da ƙara pores na ciki na turmi, don haka ya sa turmi ya haɗu da Density drops.
Hanyoyin da ke haifar da iska na cellulose ether yana inganta aikin turmi a gefe guda, kuma a gefe guda, saboda karuwar abun ciki na iska, tsarin tsarin jiki mai tauri yana kwance, yana haifar da mummunan sakamako na raguwa. da inji Properties kamar ƙarfi.
2.2.4 Lokacin coagulation
Daga dangantakar da ke tsakanin lokacin saitin turmi da adadin ether, ana iya gani a fili cewa ether cellulose yana da tasiri a kan turmi. Mafi girman sashi, mafi kyawun sakamako na jinkirtawa.
Sakamakon retarding na ether cellulose yana da alaƙa da alaƙa da halayen tsarin sa. Cellulose ether yana riƙe da ainihin tsarin cellulose, wato, tsarin zoben anhydroglucose har yanzu yana wanzu a cikin tsarin kwayoyin halitta na cellulose ether, kuma zoben anhydroglucose shine dalilin Babban rukuni na ciminti retarding, wanda zai iya samar da sukari-calcium kwayoyin halitta. mahadi (ko hadaddun) tare da alli ions a cikin ciminti hydration ruwa bayani, wanda rage alli ion maida hankali a cikin ciminti hydration lokacin shigar da kuma hana Ca (OH): Kuma calcium gishiri crystal samuwar, hazo, da kuma jinkirta aiwatar da ciminti hydration.
2.2.5 Ƙarfi
Daga tasirin ether na cellulose akan ƙarfin sassauƙa da matsawa na turmi, ana iya ganin cewa tare da haɓakar abubuwan da ke cikin ether cellulose, kwanaki 7 da 28-day flexural and compressive ƙarfi na turmi duk suna nuna yanayin ƙasa.
Dalilin raguwar ƙarfin turmi za a iya danganta shi da haɓakar abun ciki na iska, wanda ke ƙara yawan porosity na turmi mai taurara kuma ya sa tsarin ciki na jiki mai taurara ya kwance. Ta hanyar bincike na sake dawowa na yawan rigar da ƙarfin ƙarfin turmi, za a iya ganin cewa akwai kyakkyawar dangantaka tsakanin su biyun, yawan rigar ya ragu, ƙarfin yana da ƙananan, kuma akasin haka, ƙarfin yana da girma. Huang Liangen ya yi amfani da ma'auni tsakanin porosity da ƙarfin injin da Ryskewith ya samo don gano alakar da ke tsakanin ƙarfin turmi da aka haɗe da ether cellulose da abun ciki na ether cellulose.
3. Kammalawa
(1) Cellulose ether ne wanda aka samu daga cellulose, dauke da hydroxyl,
Ether bonds, zoben anhydroglucose da sauran ƙungiyoyi, waɗannan ƙungiyoyi suna shafar kaddarorin jiki da na inji na turmi.
(2) HPMC na iya inganta haɓakar ruwa na turmi sosai, tsawaita lokacin saitin turmi, rage yawan cakuda turmi da ƙarfin taurin jiki.
(3) Lokacin shirya turmi da aka shirya, ya kamata a yi amfani da ether cellulose a hankali. Warware dangantaka mai cin karo da juna tsakanin iya aikin turmi da kaddarorin inji.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-20-2023