Cellulose ether, ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin turmi. Kamar yadda wani nau'i na etherified cellulose,cellulose etheryana da kusanci ga ruwa, kuma wannan fili na polymer yana da kyakkyawar shayar ruwa da ikon riƙe ruwa, wanda zai iya magance zubar da jini na turmi, ɗan gajeren lokacin aiki, ɗanɗano, da dai sauransu. Rashin isasshen ƙarfin kulli da sauran matsaloli masu yawa.
Tare da ci gaba da ci gaban masana'antar gine-gine ta duniya da ci gaba da zurfafa bincike na kayan gini, cinikin turmi ya zama abin da ba za a iya jurewa ba. Saboda fa'ida da yawa da turmi na gargajiya ba su da shi, yin amfani da turmi na kasuwanci ya zama ruwan dare a manya da matsakaitan birane a cikin ƙasata. Koyaya, turmi kasuwanci har yanzu yana da matsalolin fasaha da yawa.
Babban ruwa turmi, kamar ƙarfafa turmi, tushen ciminti kayan grouting, da dai sauransu, saboda da yawan adadin ruwa rage wakili amfani, zai haifar da tsanani zub da jini sabon abu da kuma rinjayar da m aikin turmi; Yana da matukar damuwa, kuma yana da haɗari ga raguwa mai tsanani a cikin aikin aiki saboda asarar ruwa a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci bayan haɗuwa, wanda ke nufin cewa lokacin aiki yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci; Bugu da kari, ga bonded turmi, idan turmi ba shi da isasshen ruwa riƙe ikon, babban adadin Danshi za a sha da matrix, sakamakon wani partially karancin ruwa na bonding turmi, sabili da haka rashin isasshen hydration, haifar da raguwa a cikin ƙarfi da kuma karfi. raguwar ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa.
Bugu da kari, admixtures a matsayin m maimakon siminti, kamar gardama ash, granulated fashewa tanderu slag foda (ma'adinai foda), silica fume, da dai sauransu, yanzu da kuma mafi muhimmanci. Kamar yadda masana'antu ke samarwa da sharar gida, idan ba za a iya yin amfani da su gabaɗaya ba, tarinsa zai mamaye ya lalata ƙasa mai yawa, kuma zai haifar da gurɓataccen muhalli. Idan an yi amfani da admixtures da kyau, za su iya inganta wasu kaddarorin siminti da turmi, da kuma magance matsalolin injiniya na kankare da turmi a wasu aikace-aikace. Sabili da haka, aikace-aikacen da yawa na admixtures yana da amfani ga muhalli da fa'idodin masana'antu.
An yi nazari da yawa a gida da waje kan tasirin ether na cellulose da kuma hadawa a kan turmi, amma har yanzu akwai rashin tattaunawa kan tasirin hada amfani da su biyun.
A cikin wannan takarda, ana amfani da mahimman abubuwan da aka haɗa a cikin turmi, cellulose ether da admixture a cikin turmi, kuma an taƙaita ka'idar tasiri mai mahimmanci na sassan biyu a cikin turmi akan ruwa da ƙarfin turmi ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje. Ta hanyar canza nau'i da adadin ether cellulose da admixtures a cikin gwajin, an lura da tasirin ruwa da ƙarfin turmi (a cikin wannan takarda, tsarin gwajin gelling ya fi ɗaukar tsarin binary). Idan aka kwatanta da HPMC, CMC bai dace da kauri da kuma riƙe ruwa na kayan siminti na tushen siminti ba. HPMC na iya rage yawan ruwa na slurry sosai kuma yana ƙara hasara akan lokaci a ƙaramin sashi (a ƙasa 0.2%). Rage ƙarfin jikin turmi kuma rage matsi-zuwa ninki rabo. Cikakken ruwa da buƙatun ƙarfi, abun ciki na HPMC a cikin O. 1% ya fi dacewa. Dangane da admixtures, ash ƙuda yana da wani tasiri akan ƙara yawan ruwa na slurry, kuma tasirin slag foda ba a bayyane yake ba. Ko da yake silica fume na iya yadda ya kamata rage zub da jini, da fluidity iya zama tsanani asara lokacin da sashi ne 3%. . Bayan cikakken la'akari, an yanke shawarar cewa lokacin da ake amfani da ash a cikin tsari ko ƙarfafa turmi tare da buƙatun saurin hardening da ƙarfin farko, adadin bai kamata ya kasance mai girma ba, matsakaicin adadin shine kusan 10%, kuma lokacin da ake amfani dashi don haɗin gwiwa. turmi, ana kara shi zuwa kashi 20%. ‰ kuma iya m cika bukatun; la'akari da dalilai irin su rashin kwanciyar hankali na ma'adinai foda da silica fume, ya kamata a sarrafa shi a kasa 10% da 3% bi da bi. Sakamakon admixtures da cellulose ethers ba su da alaƙa sosai kuma suna da tasiri masu zaman kansu.
Bugu da kari, ana nufin ka'idar ƙarfi ta Feret da ƙimar ayyukan haɗaɗɗiya, wannan takarda tana ba da shawarar sabuwar hanyar tsinkaya don ƙarfin matsi na tushen siminti. Ta hanyar tattaunawa game da ƙimar aiki na ma'adinan ma'adinai da ka'idar ƙarfin Feret daga ra'ayi mai girma da kuma yin watsi da hulɗar tsakanin nau'o'in nau'i daban-daban, wannan hanya ta ƙare da cewa addmixtures, amfani da ruwa da tarawa suna da tasiri mai yawa akan kankare. Dokokin tasiri na ƙarfin (turmi) yana da kyakkyawar ma'anar jagora.
Ta hanyar aikin da ke sama, wannan takarda ta zana wasu ƙididdiga masu amfani da ƙima tare da wasu ƙima.
Mahimman kalmomi: ether cellulose,Ruwan turmi, iya aiki, haɗakar ma'adinai, tsinkayar ƙarfi
Babi na 1 Gabatarwa
1.1turmi kayayyaki
1.1.1Gabatarwar turmi kasuwanci
A cikin masana'antar kayan gini na ƙasata, siminti ya sami babban matsayi na kasuwanci, kuma cinikin turmi kuma yana ƙaruwa sosai, musamman ga turmi daban-daban na musamman, masana'antun da ke da ƙarfin fasaha don tabbatar da turmi daban-daban. Alamun aikin sun cancanta. Turmi kasuwanci ya kasu kashi biyu: turmi mai gauraya da busasshen turmi. Turmi da aka shirya yana nufin ana jigilar turmi zuwa wurin aikin bayan an haɗa shi da ruwa da mai ba da kaya a gaba kamar yadda ake buƙata, yayin da turmi mai gauraya da busassun busassun kayan aikin siminti ya kera su. aggregates da additives bisa ga wani rabo. Ƙara wani adadin ruwa zuwa wurin ginin kuma a haɗa shi kafin amfani.
Turmi na gargajiya yana da rauni da yawa a amfani da aiki. Misali, tara kayan albarkatun kasa da hadawa a kan wurin ba za su iya biyan bukatun gini na wayewa da kare muhalli ba. Bugu da ƙari, saboda yanayin gine-ginen kan layi da wasu dalilai, yana da sauƙi don tabbatar da ingancin turmi mai wuyar gaske, kuma ba shi yiwuwa a sami babban aiki. turmi. Idan aka kwatanta da turmi na gargajiya, turmi na kasuwanci yana da wasu fa'idodi a bayyane. Da farko, ingancinsa yana da sauƙin sarrafawa da garanti, aikin sa ya fi girma, ana tsabtace nau'ikan sa, kuma an fi niyya da buƙatun injiniya. An samar da turmi mai bushe-bushe na Turai a cikin 1950s, kuma ƙasata kuma tana ba da shawarar yin amfani da turmi na kasuwanci. Shanghai ya riga ya yi amfani da turmi na kasuwanci a shekara ta 2004. Tare da ci gaba da ci gaban tsarin birane na kasata, a kalla a kasuwannin birane, babu makawa cewa turmi na kasuwanci tare da fa'ida iri-iri ya maye gurbin turmi na gargajiya.
1.1.2Matsalolin dake wanzuwa a turmi kasuwanci
Kodayake turmi na kasuwanci yana da fa'idodi da yawa akan turmi na gargajiya, har yanzu akwai matsalolin fasaha da yawa kamar turmi. Babban turmi mai ƙarfi, irin su turmi ƙarfafa, kayan grouting na tushen ciminti, da sauransu, suna da matuƙar buƙatu akan ƙarfi da aikin aiki, don haka amfani da superplasticizers yana da girma, wanda zai haifar da zubar jini mai tsanani kuma yana shafar turmi. m aiki; da kuma wasu robobin robobi, saboda suna da matukar damuwa da asarar ruwa, yana da sauki a samu raguwar aiki sosai sakamakon asarar ruwa a cikin kankanin lokaci bayan hadawa, kuma lokacin aiki yana da gajere sosai: Bugu da kari. , Domin Game da bonding turmi, da bonding matrix ne sau da yawa in mun gwada da bushe. A lokacin aikin ginin, saboda ƙarancin ikon turmi don riƙe ruwa, babban adadin ruwa za a sha ta matrix, wanda zai haifar da ƙarancin ruwa na gida na turmi mai haɗawa da rashin isasshen ruwa. Lamarin cewa ƙarfin yana raguwa kuma ƙarfin mannewa yana raguwa.
Don amsa tambayoyin da ke sama, ana amfani da wani muhimmin ƙari, ether cellulose, a cikin turmi. Kamar yadda wani irin etherified cellulose, cellulose ether yana da kusanci ga ruwa, da kuma wannan polymer fili yana da kyau kwarai ruwa sha da ruwa riƙe ikon, wanda zai iya da kyau warware zub da jini na turmi, short lokacin aiki, stickiness, da dai sauransu Rashin isasshen kulli ƙarfi da yawa wasu. matsaloli.
Bugu da kari, admixtures a matsayin m maimakon siminti, kamar gardama ash, granulated fashewa tanderu slag foda (ma'adinai foda), silica fume, da dai sauransu, yanzu da kuma mafi muhimmanci. Mun san cewa yawancin abubuwan da aka haɗa su ne ta hanyar masana'antu irin su wutar lantarki, ƙarfe mai narkewa, ferrosilicon mai narkewa da silicon masana'antu. Idan ba za a iya amfani da su gaba ɗaya ba, tarawar abubuwan da aka haɗa za su mamaye da lalata ƙasa mai yawa kuma suna haifar da mummunar lalacewa. gurbatar muhalli. A gefe guda kuma, idan aka yi amfani da abubuwan da aka haɗa da kyau, za a iya inganta wasu kaddarorin siminti da turmi, kuma ana iya magance wasu matsalolin injiniya a aikace-aikacen siminti da turmi da kyau. Sabili da haka, aikace-aikacen da yawa na admixtures yana da amfani ga muhalli da masana'antu. suna da amfani.
1.2Cellulose ethers
Cellulose ether (cellulose ether) wani fili ne na polymer tare da tsarin ether wanda aka samar ta hanyar etherification na cellulose. Kowane zobe na glucosyl a cikin macromolecules cellulose ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin hydroxyl guda uku, rukunin farko na hydroxyl akan atom na shida na carbon, ƙungiyar hydroxyl ta biyu akan atom ɗin carbon na biyu da na uku, kuma hydrogen a cikin rukunin hydroxyl an maye gurbinsu da ƙungiyar hydrocarbon don samar da ether cellulose. abubuwan da aka samo asali. abu. Cellulose wani fili ne na polyhydroxy polymer wanda baya narkewa kuma baya narkewa, amma ana iya narkar da cellulose a cikin ruwa, dilute alkali solution da sauran sauran ƙarfi bayan etherification, kuma yana da wani thermoplasticity.
Cellulose ether yana ɗaukar cellulose na halitta azaman ɗanyen abu kuma an shirya shi ta hanyar gyare-gyaren sinadarai. An rarraba shi zuwa nau'i biyu: ionic da wadanda ba na ionic a cikin nau'i na ionized. Ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin sinadarai, man fetur, gini, magunguna, yumbu da sauran masana'antu. .
1.2.1Rarraba ethers cellulose don ginawa
Cellulose ether don ginawa shine babban lokaci don jerin samfurori da aka samar ta hanyar amsawar alkali cellulose da etherifying wakili a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi. Ana iya samun nau'ikan ethers na cellulose daban-daban ta maye gurbin alkali cellulose tare da ma'auni daban-daban na etherifying.
1. Bisa ga kaddarorin ionization na masu maye gurbin, ana iya raba ethers cellulose zuwa kashi biyu: ionic (irin su carboxymethyl cellulose) da wadanda ba ionic (irin su methyl cellulose).
2. Dangane da nau'ikan maye gurbin, ana iya raba ethers cellulose zuwa ethers guda ɗaya (kamar methyl cellulose) da kuma gauraye ethers (irin su hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose).
3. A cewar daban-daban solubility, an raba shi zuwa ruwa-soluble (kamar hydroxyethyl cellulose) da Organic ƙarfi solubility (kamar ethyl cellulose), da dai sauransu Babban aikace-aikace nau'i a bushe-mixed turmi ne ruwa-soluble cellulose, yayin da ruwa. -Soluble cellulose An raba shi zuwa nau'in nan take da kuma jinkirin rushewar nau'in bayan jiyya na saman.
1.2.2 Bayanin tsarin aikin ether cellulose a cikin turmi
Cellulose ether shine maɓalli mai mahimmanci don haɓaka kayan ajiyar ruwa na busassun busassun turmi, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin maɓalli don ƙayyade farashin busassun kayan turmi.
1. Bayan da ether cellulose a cikin turmi aka narkar da a cikin ruwa, da musamman surface aiki tabbatar da cewa siminti abu ne yadda ya kamata da kuma uniformly tarwatsa a cikin slurry tsarin, da cellulose ether, a matsayin m colloid, iya "encapsulate" m barbashi, Ta haka ne. , An samar da fim mai lubricating a saman waje, kuma fim din mai lubricating zai iya sa jikin turmi ya sami thixotropy mai kyau. Wato ƙarar tana da ƙarfi sosai a cikin yanayin tsaye, kuma ba za a sami wasu munanan al'amura kamar zub da jini ko maƙarƙashiya na haske da abubuwa masu nauyi ba, wanda ke sa tsarin turmi ya kasance da ƙarfi; yayin da yake cikin yanayin gine-gine mai tayar da hankali, ether cellulose zai taka rawa wajen rage raguwa na slurry. Tasirin juriya mai canzawa yana sa turmi ya sami ruwa mai kyau da santsi yayin gini yayin tsarin hadawa.
2. Saboda halaye na tsarin kwayoyin halitta, maganin cellulose ether zai iya ajiye ruwa kuma ba zai iya ɓacewa cikin sauƙi ba bayan an haɗa shi a cikin turmi, kuma za a saki a hankali a cikin dogon lokaci, wanda ya tsawaita lokacin aiki na turmi. kuma yana ba turmi kyakkyawan tanadin ruwa da aiki.
1.2.3 Mahimman matakan ginin cellulose ethers
1. Methyl Cellulose (MC)
Bayan an yi amfani da auduga mai ladabi tare da alkali, ana amfani da methyl chloride a matsayin wakili na etherifying don yin ether cellulose ta jerin halayen. Matsayin maye gurbin gabaɗaya shine 1. Narke 2.0, matakin maye gurbin ya bambanta kuma solubility shima daban. Ya kasance na ether maras ionic cellulose.
2. Hydroxyethyl Cellulose (HEC)
An shirya shi ta hanyar amsawa tare da ethylene oxide a matsayin wakili na etherifying a gaban acetone bayan an kula da auduga mai ladabi tare da alkali. Matsakaicin maye gaba ɗaya shine 1.5 zuwa 2.0. Yana da karfi hydrophilicity kuma yana da sauƙin sha danshi.
3. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose wani nau'in cellulose ne wanda fitarwa da amfaninsa ke karuwa cikin sauri a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Yana da ether wanda ba na ionic cellulose ba wanda aka yi daga auduga mai ladabi bayan maganin alkali, ta yin amfani da propylene oxide da methyl chloride a matsayin ma'aikatan etherifying, kuma ta hanyar jerin halayen. Matsakaicin maye gaba ɗaya shine 1.2 zuwa 2.0. Kaddarorinsa sun bambanta bisa ga rabon abun ciki na methoxyl da abun ciki na hydroxypropyl.
4. Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
Ionic cellulose ether an shirya shi daga filaye na halitta (auduga, da dai sauransu) bayan maganin alkali, ta yin amfani da sodium monochloroacetate a matsayin wakili na etherifying, kuma ta hanyar jerin jiyya na amsawa. Matsakaicin maye gaba ɗaya shine 0.4-d. 4. Ayyukansa yana tasiri sosai da matakin maye gurbin.
Daga cikin su, nau'i na uku da na hudu su ne nau'in cellulose guda biyu da ake amfani da su a wannan gwaji.
1.2.4 Matsayin Ci gaba na Masana'antar Cellulose Ether
Bayan shekaru na ci gaba, kasuwar cellulose ether a cikin kasashen da suka ci gaba ta zama balagagge, kuma kasuwa a cikin kasashe masu tasowa har yanzu yana cikin ci gaba, wanda zai zama babban abin da zai haifar da ci gaban amfani da ether na cellulose a duniya a nan gaba. A halin yanzu, jimillar damar samar da ether a duniya ya zarce tan miliyan 1, inda Turai ke da kashi 35% na yawan amfanin duniya, sai Asiya da Arewacin Amurka. Carboxymethyl cellulose ether (CMC) shine babban nau'in mabukaci, yana lissafin 56% na jimlar, sannan methyl cellulose ether (MC/HPMC) da hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEC), suna lissafin 56% na jimlar. 25% da 12%. Masana'antar ether cellulose na waje suna da gasa sosai. Bayan haɗe-haɗe da yawa, abubuwan da aka fitar sun fi mayar da hankali ne a cikin manyan kamfanoni da yawa, irin su Dow Chemical Company da Kamfanin Hercules a Amurka, Akzo Nobel a Netherlands, Noviant a Finland da DAICEL a Japan, da sauransu.
kasata ita ce mafi girma a duniya mai samarwa da masu amfani da ether cellulose, tare da matsakaicin girma na shekara-shekara fiye da 20%. Bisa kididdigar farko, akwai kusan kamfanonin samar da ether 50 a kasar Sin. Ƙarfin da aka tsara na masana'antar ether na cellulose ya wuce tan 400,000, kuma akwai kimanin kamfanoni 20 da ke da karfin fiye da ton 10,000, musamman a Shandong, Hebei, Chongqing da Jiangsu. , Zhejiang, Shanghai da sauran wurare. A shekarar 2011, karfin samar da CMC na kasar Sin ya kai tan 300,000. Tare da karuwar buƙatun ethers na cellulose masu inganci a cikin magunguna, abinci, sinadarai na yau da kullun da sauran masana'antu a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, buƙatun gida na sauran samfuran ether cellulose ban da CMC yana ƙaruwa. Ya fi girma, ƙarfin MC/HPMC yana da kusan tan 120,000, kuma ƙarfin HEC yana da kusan tan 20,000. PAC har yanzu yana kan matakin haɓakawa da aikace-aikace a China. Tare da bunƙasa manyan rijiyoyin mai a teku da haɓaka kayan gini, abinci, sinadarai da sauran masana'antu, adadin da filin PAC yana ƙaruwa kuma yana ƙaruwa kowace shekara, tare da ikon samar da fiye da ton 10,000.
1.3Bincike akan aikace-aikacen ether cellulose zuwa turmi
Game da bincike na aikace-aikacen injiniya na cellulose ether a cikin masana'antar gine-gine, masana na gida da na waje sun gudanar da bincike mai yawa na gwaji da bincike na fasaha.
1.3.1Taƙaitaccen gabatarwar bincike na ƙasashen waje akan aikace-aikacen ether cellulose zuwa turmi
Laetitia Patural, Philippe Marchal da sauransu a Faransa sun nuna cewa ether cellulose yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci a kan riƙe ruwa na turmi, kuma tsarin tsarin shine mabuɗin, kuma nauyin kwayoyin shine mabuɗin don sarrafa ruwa da daidaito. Tare da karuwar nauyin kwayoyin halitta, yawan damuwa yana raguwa, daidaito yana ƙaruwa, kuma aikin riƙewar ruwa yana ƙaruwa; akasin haka, matakin maye gurbin molar (wanda ke da alaƙa da abun ciki na hydroxyethyl ko hydroxypropyl) yana da ɗan tasiri akan riƙe ruwa na busassun turmi mai gauraya. Koyaya, ethers cellulose tare da ƙananan digiri na molar canji sun inganta riƙe ruwa.
Muhimmiyar ƙarshe game da tsarin riƙe ruwa shine cewa halayen rheological na turmi suna da mahimmanci. Ana iya gani daga sakamakon gwajin cewa don busassun turmi mai gauraya tare da ƙayyadaddun rabo-ciminti na ruwa da abun ciki na admixture, aikin riƙewar ruwa gabaɗaya yana da daidaitattun daidaitattun daidaito. Duk da haka, ga wasu ethers cellulose, yanayin ba a bayyane yake ba; Bugu da kari, ga sitaci ethers, akwai wani m juna. Dankowar sabon cakuda ba shine kawai siga don tantance riƙe ruwa ba.
Laetitia Patural, Patrice Potion, et al., Tare da taimakon pulsed filin gradient da MRI dabaru, gano cewa danshi ƙaura a ke dubawa na turmi da unsaturated substrate yana shafan ƙari na ƙaramin adadin CE. Asarar ruwa yana faruwa ne saboda aikin capillary maimakon yaduwar ruwa. Ƙaurawar danshi ta hanyar aikin capillary ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar matsa lamba na micropore, wanda bi da bi yana ƙaddara ta girman micropore da tashin hankali tsakanin ka'idar Laplace, da kuma dankowar ruwa. Wannan yana nuna cewa kaddarorin rheological na maganin ruwa na CE sune mabuɗin aikin riƙe ruwa. Duk da haka, wannan hasashe ya ci karo da wasu ijma'i (sauran tackifiers kamar manyan polyethylene oxide da sitaci ethers ba su da tasiri kamar CE).
Jean. Yves Petit, Erie Wirquin et al. amfani da ether cellulose ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje, kuma 2% bayani danko daga 5000 zuwa 44500mpa. S daga MC da HEMC. Nemo:
1. Don ƙayyadadden adadin CE, nau'in CE yana da babban tasiri akan ɗankowar turmi mai ɗaure don tayal. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gasa tsakanin CE da tarwatsa foda na polymer don tallan simintin siminti.
2. Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaddamarwa na CE da foda na roba yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan lokacin saiti da spalling lokacin da lokacin ginin ya kasance 20-30min.
3. Ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa yana tasiri ta hanyar haɗin CE da foda na roba. Lokacin da fim ɗin CE ba zai iya hana ƙawancen danshi ba a mahaɗin tayal da turmi, mannewa a ƙarƙashin babban zafin jiki yana raguwa.
4. Ya kamata a yi la'akari da daidaitawa da hulɗar CE da foda polymer foda a lokacin da za a zayyana ma'auni na turmi mai laushi don tayal.
LschmitzC na Jamus. J. Dr. H (a) cker da aka ambata a cikin labarin cewa HPMC da HEMC a cikin ether cellulose suna da muhimmiyar rawa wajen riƙe ruwa a cikin busassun busassun turmi. Baya ga tabbatar da ingantacciyar alamar riƙewar ruwa na ether cellulose, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da gyare-gyaren ethers Cellulose ana amfani da su don haɓakawa da haɓaka kayan aiki na turmi da kaddarorin busassun turmi da taurin.
1.3.2Taƙaitaccen gabatarwar bincike na gida akan aikace-aikacen ether cellulose zuwa turmi
Xin Quanchang daga Jami'ar gine-gine da fasaha na Xi'an ya yi nazari kan tasirin polymers daban-daban a kan wasu kaddarorin haɗin gwiwar turmi, kuma ya gano cewa yin amfani da kayan aiki na polymer foda da kuma hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether ba wai kawai inganta aikin turmi ba, amma Hakanan za'a iya rage sashi na farashi; Sakamakon gwajin ya nuna cewa lokacin da abun ciki na redispersible latex foda yana sarrafawa a 0.5%, kuma abun ciki na hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether yana sarrafawa a 0.2%, turmi da aka shirya yana da tsayayya ga lankwasawa. kuma ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa ya fi shahara, kuma suna da kyakkyawan sassauci da filastik.
Farfesa Ma Baoguo na Jami'ar Fasaha ta Wuhan ya yi nuni da cewa, ether cellulose yana da tasiri mai tsauri a fili, kuma yana iya yin tasiri ga tsarin tsarin samar da ruwa da tsarin ramin siminti; ether cellulose yafi adsorbed a saman siminti barbashi don samar da wani shãmaki sakamako. Yana hana haɓakawa da haɓaka samfuran hydration; a gefe guda, ether cellulose yana hana ƙaura da yaduwa na ions saboda tasirinsa na fili yana ƙaruwa, don haka jinkirta jinkirin ciminti zuwa wani matsayi; cellulose ether yana da kwanciyar hankali alkali.
Jian Shouwei na Jami'ar Fasaha ta Wuhan ya kammala da cewa, rawar da CE ta taka a turmi ta fi bayyana ne ta bangarori uku: kyakkyawan karfin rike ruwa, yin tasiri kan daidaiton turmi da thixotropy, da daidaita yanayin rheology. CE ba wai kawai yana ba da turmi kyakkyawan aikin aiki ba, har ma don rage farkon hydration zafi sakin siminti da jinkirta aiwatar da aikin hydration na siminti, ba shakka, dangane da nau'ikan amfani da turmi daban-daban, akwai kuma bambance-bambance a cikin hanyoyin kimanta aikin sa. .
Ana amfani da turmi da aka gyara na CE ta hanyar turmi mai-baƙi a cikin busassun turmi na yau da kullun (kamar bulo mai ɗaure, sabulu, turmi mai laushi na bakin ciki, da sauransu). Wannan tsari na musamman yana yawanci tare da saurin asarar ruwa na turmi. A halin yanzu, babban binciken yana mai da hankali ne kan mannen fale-falen fuska, kuma akwai ƙarancin bincike kan sauran nau'ikan gyare-gyaren turmi-Layer CE.
Su Lei daga Jami'ar Fasaha ta Wuhan an samu ta hanyar gwajin gwaji na adadin ajiyar ruwa, asarar ruwa da saita lokacin turmi da aka gyara da ether cellulose. Yawan ruwa yana raguwa a hankali, kuma lokacin coagulation yana tsawaita; lokacin da adadin ruwan ya kai O. Bayan kashi 6%, canjin adadin ruwa da asarar ruwa ba a bayyana ba, kuma lokacin saitawa ya kusan ninka sau biyu; kuma binciken gwaji na ƙarfin matsawa ya nuna cewa lokacin da abun ciki na ether cellulose ya kasance ƙasa da 0.8%, abun ciki na ether cellulose yana ƙasa da 0.8%. Ƙarawa zai rage mahimmancin ƙarfin matsawa; kuma dangane da aikin haɗin gwiwa tare da katako na siminti, O. A ƙasa da 7% na abun ciki, haɓakar abun ciki na ether cellulose zai iya inganta ingantaccen haɗin gwiwa.
Lai Jianqing na Xiamen Hongye Engineering Construction Technology Co., Ltd. yayi nazari kuma ya kammala cewa, mafi kyawun sashi na ether cellulose lokacin la'akari da adadin ruwa da daidaito shine 0 ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwaje a kan ƙimar riƙe ruwa, ƙarfi da ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa. EPS thermal insulation turmi. 2%; ether cellulose yana da tasiri mai karfi na iska, wanda zai haifar da raguwar ƙarfi, musamman ma raguwar ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa, don haka ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da shi tare da foda polymer redispersible.
Yuan Wei da Qin Min na Cibiyar Binciken Kayayyakin Ginin Xinjiang sun gudanar da gwajin gwaji da aikace-aikace na ether cellulose a cikin kankare mai kumfa. Sakamakon gwajin ya nuna cewa HPMC yana haɓaka aikin riƙe ruwa na sabon simintin kumfa kuma yana rage yawan asarar ruwa na simintin kumfa mai taurin; HPMC na iya rage slump asarar sabo ne kumfa kankare da kuma rage ji na cakude zuwa zazzabi. ; HPMC za ta rage matsa lamba ƙarfi na kumfa kankare. A ƙarƙashin yanayin warkewa na halitta, wani takamaiman adadin HPMC zai iya inganta ƙarfin samfurin zuwa wani ɗan lokaci.
Li Yuhai na Wacker Polymer Materials Co., Ltd. ya nuna cewa nau'i da adadin foda na latex, nau'in ether na cellulose da yanayin warkewa suna da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan tasirin juriya na plastering. Tasirin ethers cellulose akan ƙarfin tasiri kuma ba shi da kyau idan aka kwatanta da abun ciki na polymer da yanayin warkewa.
Yin Qingli na AkzoNobel Specialty Chemicals (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. ya yi amfani da Bermocoll PADl, wani gyare-gyare na musamman na polystyrene board bonding cellulose ether, don gwajin, wanda ya dace da turmi na haɗin gwiwa na tsarin rufin bango na waje na EPS. Bermocoll PADl na iya inganta ƙarfin haɗin kai tsakanin turmi da allon polystyrene ban da duk ayyukan ether cellulose. Ko da a cikin yanayin ƙananan sashi, ba kawai zai iya inganta riƙewar ruwa da kuma aiki na sabon turmi ba, amma kuma zai iya inganta ƙarfin haɗin kai na asali da ƙarfin haɗin ruwa mai tsayayya da ruwa tsakanin turmi da katako na polystyrene saboda na musamman anchoring. fasaha. . Duk da haka, ba zai iya inganta tasirin tasirin turmi da aikin haɗin gwiwa tare da allon polystyrene ba. Don inganta waɗannan kaddarorin, ya kamata a yi amfani da foda na latex wanda za'a iya rarrabawa.
Wang Peiming daga Jami'ar Tongji ya yi nazarin tarihin ci gaban turmi na kasuwanci kuma ya nuna cewa cellulose ether da latex foda suna da tasiri maras kyau a kan alamomin aikin kamar riƙe ruwa, ƙarfin sassauci da matsawa, da kuma na'urorin roba na busassun foda na kasuwanci.
Zhang Lin da sauran na Shantou Special Economic Zone Longhu Technology Co., Ltd. sun kammala cewa, a cikin bonding turmi na fadada polystyrene allon bakin ciki plastering waje bango waje thermal insulation tsarin (watau Eqos tsarin), an ba da shawarar cewa ganiya adadin. na roba foda zama 2.5% shine iyaka; ƙananan danko, ingantaccen ether cellulose yana da babban taimako ga haɓaka ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na taimako na turmi mai tauri.
Zhao Liqun na Cibiyar Binciken Gine-gine ta Shanghai (Group) Co., Ltd., ya yi nuni a cikin labarin cewa, ether cellulose na iya inganta yadda ruwa yake da shi sosai, da kuma rage yawan yawa da karfin turmi, da kuma tsawaita wurin da ake samu. lokacin turmi. A ƙarƙashin yanayi iri ɗaya, ether cellulose tare da babban danko yana da amfani ga haɓaka ƙimar riƙe ruwa na turmi, amma ƙarfin matsawa yana raguwa sosai kuma lokacin saita lokaci ya fi tsayi. Foda mai kauri da ether cellulose suna kawar da fashewar robobin filastik ta hanyar inganta riƙon ruwa na turmi.
Jami'ar Fuzhou Huang Lipin et al sunyi nazarin doping na hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether da ethylene. Kaddarorin jiki da ilimin halittar giciye na gyare-gyaren turmi siminti na vinyl acetate copolymer latex foda. An gano cewa ether cellulose yana da kyakkyawar riƙewar ruwa, juriya na ruwa da kuma tasiri mai ban sha'awa na iska, yayin da abubuwan da ke rage ruwa na latex foda da haɓaka kayan aikin injiniya na turmi sun fi shahara. Tasirin gyare-gyare; kuma akwai kewayon sashi mai dacewa tsakanin polymers.
Ta hanyar jerin gwaje-gwaje, Chen Qian da sauransu daga Hubei Baoye Construction Industrialization Co., Ltd. sun tabbatar da cewa tsawaita lokacin motsa jiki da haɓaka saurin motsa jiki na iya ba da cikakkiyar wasa ga rawar ether na cellulose a cikin turmi mai gauraya, inganta haɓakar haɓaka. aiki na turmi, da kuma inganta lokacin motsa jiki. Gudun gajere ko jinkirin da yawa zai sa turmi ya yi wuyar ginawa; Zaɓin ether ɗin cellulose daidai zai iya inganta aikin aiki na turmi da aka shirya.
Li Sihan daga Jami'ar Shenyang Jianzhu da sauransu sun gano cewa hada-hadar ma'adinai na iya rage bushewar nakasar turmi da kuma inganta kayan aikinta; rabo daga lemun tsami zuwa yashi yana da tasiri a kan kayan aikin injiniya da raguwar adadin turmi; redispersible polymer foda zai iya inganta turmi. Tsayawa juriya, inganta mannewa, ƙarfin sassauƙa, haɗin kai, juriya mai tasiri da juriya, inganta haɓakar ruwa da aiki; ether cellulose yana da tasirin iska, wanda zai iya inganta riƙewar ruwa na turmi; Fiber na itace na iya inganta turmi Inganta sauƙin amfani, aiki, da aikin hana zamewa, da haɓaka aikin gini. Ta ƙara daban-daban admixtures don gyare-gyare, kuma ta hanyar m rabo, crack-resistant turmi ga waje bango thermal rufi tsarin tare da kyakkyawan aiki za a iya shirya.
Yang Lei na jami'ar fasaha ta Henan ya hada HEMC a cikin turmi, ya gano cewa yana da ayyuka biyu na kiyaye ruwa da kuma kauri, wanda ke hana simintin da ke cikin iska daga saurin tsotse ruwan da ke cikin turmin plastering, da kuma tabbatar da cewa siminti a cikin turmi yana da ruwa sosai, yana yin turmi Haɗin tare da kankare mai ƙura yana da yawa kuma ƙarfin haɗin ya fi girma; yana iya rage ɓacin rai na plastering turmi don aerated kankare. Lokacin da aka ƙara HEMC a cikin turmi, ƙarfin sassauƙa na turmi ya ragu kaɗan, yayin da ƙarfin daɗaɗɗen ya ragu sosai, kuma madaidaicin nau'in nau'in nau'i na nau'i ya nuna yanayin sama, wanda ke nuna cewa ƙara HEMC zai iya inganta taurin turmi.
Li Yanling da wasu daga Jami'ar Fasaha ta Henan sun gano cewa an inganta kayan aikin injin da aka haɗa turmi idan aka kwatanta da turmi na yau da kullun, musamman ma ƙarfin haɗin turmi, lokacin da aka ƙara haɗakar da abun ciki (abin da ke cikin ether cellulose ya kasance 0.15%). Ya ninka sau 2.33 na turmi na yau da kullun.
Ma Baoguo daga Jami'ar Fasaha ta Wuhan da sauransu sun yi nazarin tasirin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan emulsion na styrene-acrylic, rarrabuwar polymer foda, da ether hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether akan yawan ruwa, ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa da taurin siraren plastering. , gano cewa lokacin da abun ciki na styrene-acrylic emulsion ya kasance 4% zuwa 6%, ƙarfin haɗin gwiwar turmi ya kai mafi kyawun darajar, kuma ma'auni-folding rabo shine mafi ƙanƙanta; abun ciki na ether cellulose ya karu zuwa O. A 4%, ƙarfin haɗin turmi ya kai ga jikewa, kuma matsi-folding rabo shine mafi ƙanƙanta; lokacin da abun ciki na roba foda shine 3%, ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na turmi shine mafi kyau, kuma matsi-folding rabo ya ragu tare da ƙari na roba foda. Trend.
Li Qiao da wasu na Shantou Special Economic Zone Longhu Technology Co., Ltd. sun yi nuni a cikin labarin cewa, ayyukan cellulose ether a cikin turmi siminti sune kiyaye ruwa, kauri, shigar da iska, jinkiri da haɓaka ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa, da dai sauransu. Ayyuka sun dace da Lokacin da aka bincika da zabar MC, alamun MC da ake buƙatar la'akari sun haɗa da danko, digiri na maye gurbin etherification, digiri na gyare-gyare, kwanciyar hankali samfurin, ingantaccen abun ciki na abu, girman barbashi da sauran bangarori. Lokacin zabar MC a cikin samfuran turmi daban-daban, abubuwan da ake buƙata don MC da kansa yakamata a gabatar da su gwargwadon buƙatun gini da amfani da takamaiman samfuran turmi, kuma yakamata a zaɓi nau'ikan MC masu dacewa a hade tare da abun da ke ciki da ma'auni na asali na MC.
Qiu Yongxia na Beijing Wanbo Huijia Science and Trade Co., Ltd. ya gano cewa, tare da karuwar dankon ether na cellulose, yawan ajiyar ruwa na turmi ya karu; mafi kyawun barbashi na ether cellulose, mafi kyawun riƙewar ruwa; Mafi girma yawan adadin ruwa na ether cellulose; riƙewar ruwa na ether cellulose yana raguwa tare da karuwar yawan zafin jiki.
Zhang Bin na jami'ar Tongji da sauransu sun yi nuni a cikin labarin cewa, yanayin aiki na turmi da aka gyare-gyare yana da alaƙa da haɓakar ɗankowar ethers na cellulose, ba wai cewa ethers cellulose da ke da ɗanko mai girman gaske yana da tasirin gaske a kan halayen aiki ba, saboda suna da alaƙa da haɓakar haɓakar ethers. Har ila yau, ya shafi girman barbashi. , adadin rushewa da sauran dalilai.
Zhou Xiao da wasu daga Cibiyar Kimiya da Fasaha ta Kare Abubuwan Al'adu, Cibiyar Nazarin Al'adun Gargajiya ta kasar Sin, sun yi nazari kan gudummawar abubuwan da ake hadawa guda biyu, wato polymer roba foda da ether na cellulose, ga karfin hadin gwiwa a tsarin NHL (hydraulic lime) turmi, kuma ya gano cewa, mai sauƙi Saboda yawan raguwar lemun tsami na hydraulic, ba zai iya samar da isasshen ƙarfi tare da ƙirar dutse ba. Adadin da ya dace na polymer roba foda da cellulose ether zai iya inganta ingantaccen ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na turmi NHL kuma ya dace da buƙatun ƙarfafa relic na al'adu da kayan kariya; domin ya hana Yana da tasiri a kan ruwa da ruwa da kuma numfashi na NHL turmi kanta da kuma dacewa da masonry al'adu relics. A lokaci guda, la'akari da aikin haɗin gwiwa na farko na NHL turmi, madaidaicin adadin adadin polymer roba foda yana ƙasa da 0.5% zuwa 1%, da ƙari na ether cellulose Ana sarrafa adadin a kusan 0.2%.
Duan Pengxuan da wasu daga Cibiyar Kimiyar Gine-gine ta Beijing sun yi gwaje-gwajen rheological na kansu guda biyu bisa tushen kafa samfurin rheological na sabon turmi, kuma sun gudanar da nazarin rheological na talakawa turmi, plastering turmi da plashing kayayyakin gypsum. An auna denaturation, kuma an gano cewa hydroxyethyl cellulose ether da hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether suna da mafi kyawun ƙimar danko na farko da ƙimar raguwar danko tare da haɓaka lokaci da haɓakar sauri, wanda zai iya wadatar da mai ɗaure don mafi kyawun nau'in haɗin gwiwa, thixotropy da juriya.
Li Yanling na jami'ar fasaha ta Henan da sauran su sun gano cewa kara da sinadarin cellulose a cikin turmi na iya inganta aikin kiyaye ruwa da turmi, ta yadda za a tabbatar da ci gaban samar da ruwan siminti. Ko da yake ƙari na ether cellulose yana rage ƙarfin sassauƙa da ƙarfi na turmi, har yanzu yana ƙara yawan ƙwanƙwasa-ƙwanƙwasa da haɗin gwiwar turmi zuwa wani matsayi.
1.4Bincike akan aikace-aikacen admixtures zuwa turmi a gida da waje
A masana'antar gine-gine a yau, samarwa da amfani da siminti da turmi yana da yawa, haka ma bukatar siminti yana karuwa. Samar da siminti shine yawan amfani da makamashi da kuma yawan gurbataccen yanayi. Ajiye siminti yana da mahimmanci don sarrafa farashi da kare muhalli. A matsayin wani m maye gurbin sumunti, ma'adinai admixture ba zai iya kawai inganta aikin turmi da kankare, amma kuma ajiye da yawa ciminti a karkashin yanayin m amfani.
A cikin masana'antar kayan gini, aikace-aikacen admixtures ya yi yawa sosai. Yawancin nau'ikan siminti sun ƙunshi ƙari ko žasa wani adadin abubuwan haɗin gwiwa. Daga cikinsu, simintin Portland na yau da kullun da aka fi amfani da shi yana ƙara 5% a cikin samarwa. ~ 20% admixture. A cikin tsarin samar da turmi daban-daban da kamfanonin samar da kankare, aikace-aikacen admixtures ya fi yawa.
Don aikace-aikacen admixtures a cikin turmi, an gudanar da dogon lokaci da bincike mai zurfi a gida da waje.
1.4.1Taƙaitaccen gabatarwar bincike na ƙasashen waje game da admixture amfani da turmi
P. Jami'ar California. JM Momeiro Joe IJ K. Wang et al. An gano cewa a cikin tsarin hydration na kayan gelling, gel din ba ya kumbura a daidai adadin, kuma ma'adinan ma'adinai na iya canza abun da ke cikin gel mai hydrated, kuma ya gano cewa kumburin gel yana da alaƙa da divalent cations a cikin gel. . Adadin kwafin ya nuna maƙarƙashiya mara kyau.
Kevin J. na Amurka. Folliard da Makoto Ohta et al. ya yi nuni da cewa, kara hayakin siliki da tokar shinkafa a turmi na iya inganta karfin damtse, yayin da kara tokar kuda na rage karfi, musamman a matakin farko.
Philippe Lawrence da Martin Cyr na Faransa sun gano cewa nau'ikan ma'adinai iri-iri na iya inganta ƙarfin turmi a ƙarƙashin adadin da ya dace. Bambanci tsakanin ma'adinai daban-daban na ma'adinai ba a bayyane yake ba a farkon matakin hydration. A cikin mataki na gaba na hydration, ƙarin ƙarfin haɓaka yana shafar ayyukan ma'adinai na ma'adinai, kuma ƙarfin ƙarfin da ya haifar da inert admixture ba za a iya ɗaukar shi kawai a matsayin cikawa ba. sakamako, amma ya kamata a dangana ga sakamakon jiki na multiphase nucleation.
Bulgaria ValIly0 Stoitchkov Stl Petar Abadjiev da sauransu gano cewa asali aka gyara su ne silica fume da low-alli gardama ash ta hanyar jiki da kuma inji Properties na siminti turmi da kankare gauraye da aiki pozzolanic admixtures, wanda zai iya inganta ƙarfin siminti dutse. Fume silica yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan farkon hydration na kayan siminti, yayin da sashin ash na gardama yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan hydration na baya.
1.4.2Taƙaitaccen gabatarwar bincike na cikin gida akan aikace-aikacen admixtures zuwa turmi
Ta hanyar bincike na gwaji, Zhong Shiyun da Xiang Keqin na jami'ar Tongji sun gano cewa turmi da aka gyara na wani nau'in ash na gardama da polyacrylate emulsion (PAE), lokacin da aka daidaita ma'aunin poly-binder a 0.08, ma'aunin matsawa na nadawa. turmi ya ƙaru tare da ƙoshin lafiya da abun ciki na tokar gardawa suna raguwa tare da karuwar tokar gardawa. An ba da shawarar cewa ƙari da tokar gardawa zai iya magance matsalar tsadar tsadar gaske na inganta sassaucin turmi ta hanyar ƙara abun ciki na polymer kawai.
Wang Yinong na Kamfanin Gine-gine na Ƙarfe da Ƙarfe na Wuhan ya yi nazari game da haɗakar turmi mai girma, wanda zai iya inganta aikin turmi yadda ya kamata, da rage matakin delamination, da kuma inganta haɗin gwiwa. Ya dace da masonry da plastering na aerated kankare tubalan. .
Chen Miaomiao da sauransu daga Jami'ar Fasaha ta Nanjing sun yi nazari kan tasirin hadawa biyu na gardama ash da foda mai ma'adinai a cikin busassun turmi a kan aikin aiki da kaddarorin injin turmi, kuma sun gano cewa ƙari na biyu admixtures ba wai kawai inganta aikin aiki da kaddarorin inji ba. na cakuda. Abubuwan da ke cikin jiki da na inji kuma na iya rage farashin yadda ya kamata. Mafi kyawun shawarar da aka ba da shawarar shine maye gurbin 20% na ash gardama da foda na ma'adinai bi da bi, rabon turmi zuwa yashi shine 1: 3, kuma rabon ruwa zuwa abu shine 0.16.
Zhuang Zihao na jami'ar fasaha ta Kudancin kasar Sin ya gyara ma'aunin ruwa da ruwa, da gyaran bentonite, cellulose ether da foda na roba, ya kuma yi nazari kan kaddarorin karfin turmi, da rike ruwa da bushewar gurbatacciyar ma'adinai guda uku, kuma ya gano cewa abun da ake hadawa ya kai. A 50%, porosity yana ƙaruwa sosai kuma ƙarfin yana raguwa, kuma mafi kyawun ma'auni na nau'in ma'adinai guda uku shine 8% limestone foda, 30% slag, da 4% tashi ash, wanda zai iya cimma ruwa. ƙimar, ƙimar da aka fi so na tsanani.
Li Ying na jami'ar Qinghai ya gudanar da jerin gwaje-gwaje na turmi gauraye da ma'adinan ma'adinai, kuma ya kammala tare da yin nazari kan cewa ma'adinan ma'adinai na iya inganta matakin digiri na biyu na foda, da kuma tasirin cikowa da kuma samar da ruwa na biyu na admixtures na iya zuwa wani ɗan lokaci. ƙarancin turmi yana ƙaruwa, ta haka yana ƙara ƙarfinsa.
Zhao Yujing na Shanghai Baosteel New Building Materials Co., Ltd. ya yi amfani da ka'idar taurin karaya da karayar kuzari don nazarin tasirin hada-hadar ma'adinai kan karyewar siminti. Gwajin ya nuna cewa ma'adinan ma'adinai na iya ƙara haɓaka taurin karya da kuma kara kuzari na turmi; a cikin yanayin nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i) maye gurbin 40% na ma'adinai na ma'adinai wanda ya fi dacewa da ƙwannafi da ƙarfin fashewa.
Xu Guangsheng na Jami'ar Henan ya nuna cewa lokacin da takamaiman yanki na ma'adinai foda ya kasa da E350m2 / l [g, aikin yana da ƙasa, ƙarfin 3d shine kawai game da 30%, kuma ƙarfin 28d yana tasowa zuwa 0 ~ 90% ; yayin da a 400m2 kankana g, ƙarfin 3d Zai iya zama kusa da 50%, kuma ƙarfin 28d yana sama da 95%. Daga hangen nesa na asali ka'idojin rheology, bisa ga gwaji bincike na turmi fluidity da kwarara gudun, da dama yanke shawara an zana: tashi ash abun ciki a kasa 20% iya yadda ya kamata inganta turmi fluidity da kwarara gudu, da kuma ma'adinai foda a Lokacin da sashi ne a kasa. 25%, ana iya ƙara yawan ruwa na turmi amma an rage yawan kwararar ruwa.
Farfesa Wang Dongmin na jami'ar ma'adinai da fasaha ta kasar Sin da farfesa Feng Lufeng na jami'ar Shandong Jianzhu sun yi nuni da a cikin labarin cewa, kankare abu ne mai kashi uku daga mahangar kayan da aka hada da su, wato siminti, aggregate, siminti da aggregate. Yankin canjin yanayi ITZ (Yankin Canja wurin Interfacial) a mahadar. ITZ yanki ne mai wadatar ruwa, rabon siminti na gida ya yi girma, ƙarancin ruwa bayan hydration yana da girma, kuma zai haifar da wadatar calcium hydroxide. Wannan yanki yana iya haifar da tsagewar farko, kuma yana iya haifar da damuwa. Hankali sosai yana ƙayyade ƙarfin. Nazarin gwaji ya nuna cewa ƙari na admixtures zai iya inganta ingantaccen ruwa na endocrin a cikin yanki mai canzawa, rage kauri na yanki mai canzawa, da inganta ƙarfin.
Zhang Jianxin na jami'ar Chongqing da sauransu sun gano cewa ta hanyar ingantaccen gyare-gyare na methyl cellulose ether, polypropylene fiber, redispersible polymer foda, da admixtures, za a iya shirya wani busassun cakude plastering turmi tare da kyakkyawan aiki. Dry-mixed crack-resistant crack plastering turmi yana da kyakkyawan aiki, ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa da kuma juriya mai kyau. Ingancin ganguna da tsaga matsala ce ta gama gari.
Ren Chuanyao na jami'ar Zhejiang da sauransu sun yi nazari kan tasirin sinadarin hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether a kan kaddarorin turmi na gardama, kuma sun yi nazari kan alakar da ke tsakanin jika da karfin matsawa. An gano cewa ƙara hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether a cikin gardama ash turmi iya muhimmanci inganta ruwa rike aikin turmi, tsawanta bonding lokaci na turmi, da kuma rage rigar yawa da kuma matsa lamba na turmi. Akwai kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin jikar yawa da ƙarfin matsi na 28d. A ƙarƙashin yanayin sanannen yawan rigar, ana iya ƙididdige ƙarfin matsawa na 28d ta amfani da dabarar dacewa.
Farfesa Pang Lufeng da Chang Qingshan na Jami'ar Shandong Jianzhu sun yi amfani da hanyar tsara kayan aiki don nazarin tasirin abubuwan hada abubuwa guda uku na ash ƙuda, foda na ma'adinai da hayaƙin siliki a kan ƙarfin siminti, kuma sun gabatar da tsarin hasashen da wasu ƙima mai amfani ta hanyar koma baya. bincike. , kuma an tabbatar da aikin sa.
1.5Makasudi da mahimmancin wannan binciken
A matsayin mahimmancin kauri mai riƙe ruwa, ana amfani da ether cellulose sosai a cikin sarrafa abinci, samar da turmi da kankare da sauran masana'antu. Kamar yadda wani muhimmin admixture a daban-daban turmi, da dama cellulose ethers iya muhimmanci rage zub da jini na high fluidity turmi, inganta thixotropy da kuma gina santsi na turmi, da kuma inganta ruwa rike yi da bond ƙarfi na turmi.
Aiwatar da ma'adinai admixtures yana ƙara tartsatsi, wanda ba kawai warware matsalar sarrafa wani babban adadin masana'antu da kayayyakin, ceton filaye da kuma kare muhalli, amma kuma iya mayar da sharar gida taska da kuma haifar da amfani.
An yi nazari da yawa kan abubuwan da ke tattare da turmi guda biyu a gida da waje, amma ba a sami nazarce-nazarcen gwaji da yawa da suka hada biyun wuri guda ba. Manufar wannan takarda ita ce haɗuwa da ethers cellulose da yawa da ma'adinan ma'adinai a cikin simintin siminti a lokaci guda , turmi mai yawa da turmi filastik (ɗaukar turmi mai haɗawa a matsayin misali), ta hanyar gwajin bincike na ruwa da kayan aikin injiniya daban-daban. An taƙaita dokar tasiri na nau'ikan turmi guda biyu lokacin da aka haɗa abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, wanda zai shafi ether cellulose na gaba. Kuma ƙarin aikace-aikace na ma'adinai admixtures yana ba da wani tunani.
Bugu da ƙari, wannan takarda ya ba da shawarar wata hanya don tsinkayar ƙarfin turmi da kankare bisa ka'idar ƙarfin FERET da kuma yawan aiki na ma'adinai admixtures, wanda zai iya samar da wani mahimmin jagora don ƙirar rabo mai haɗuwa da ƙarfin tsinkayar turmi da kankare.
1.6Babban abin bincike na wannan takarda
Babban abubuwan bincike na wannan takarda sun haɗa da:
1. Ta hanyar haɗuwa da ethers cellulose da yawa da nau'o'in ma'adinai daban-daban, an gudanar da gwaje-gwaje a kan ruwa mai tsabta mai tsabta da turmi mai yawa, kuma an taƙaita dokokin tasiri kuma an bincika dalilan.
2. Ta ƙara cellulose ethers da daban-daban ma'adinai admixtures zuwa high fluidity turmi da bonding turmi, bincika su effects a kan matsawa ƙarfi, flexural ƙarfi, matsawa-nadawa rabo da bonding turmi na high fluidity turmi da roba turmi Dokar tasiri a kan tensile bond ƙarfi.
3. Haɗe tare da ka'idar ƙarfin FERET da ƙimar aiki na ma'adinai admixtures, ana ba da shawarar hanyar tsinkayar ƙarfi don turmi kayan siminti da kankare da yawa.
Babi na 2 Binciken albarkatun kasa da abubuwan da suke da su don gwaji
2.1 Gwaji kayan
2.1.1 Siminti (C)
Gwajin ya yi amfani da alamar "Shanshui Dongyue" PO. 42.5 Siminti.
2.1.2 Mineral foda (KF)
An zaɓi $95 granulated fashewa tanderu slag foda daga Shandong Jinan Luxin New Building Materials Co., Ltd..
2.1.3 Fly Ash (FA)
A sa II gardama ash samar da Jinan Huangtai Power Plant aka zaba, da fineness (saura sieve na 459m square rami sieve) ne 13%, da ruwa bukatar rabo ne 96%.
2.1.4 Silica fume (sF)
Silica fume rungumi dabi'ar silica fume na Shanghai Aika Silica Fume Material Co., Ltd., da yawa ne 2.59 / cm3; da takamaiman surface area ne 17500m2 / kg, da kuma talakawan barbashi size ne O. 1 ~ 0.39m, 28d aiki index ne 108%, ruwa bukatar rabo ne 120%.
2.1.5 Redispersible latex foda (JF)
The roba foda rungumi dabi'ar Max redispersible latex foda 6070N (nau'in haɗin kai) daga Gomez Chemical China Co., Ltd.
2.1.6 Cellulose ether (CE)
CMC rungumi dabi'ar shafi CMC daga Zibo Zou Yongning Chemical Co., Ltd., da HPMC rungumi dabi'ar nau'i biyu na hydroxypropyl methylcellulose daga Gomez Chemical China Co., Ltd.
2.1.7 Wasu addmixtures
Calcium carbonate mai nauyi, fiber na itace, mai hana ruwa, tsarin calcium, da dai sauransu.
2.1.8 yashi quartz
Yashin ma'adini da aka yi da injin yana ɗaukar nau'ikan fineness guda huɗu: 10-20 raga, 20-40 H, 40.70 raga da 70.140 H, yawancin 2650 kg / rn3, kuma konewar tari shine 1620 kg/m3.
2.1.9 Polycarboxylate superplasticizer foda (PC)
The polycarboxylate foda na Suzhou Xingbang Chemical Building Materials Co., Ltd.) ne 1J1030, kuma ruwa rage kudi ne 30%.
2.1.10 Yashi (S)
Ana amfani da matsakaicin yashi na Kogin Dawen a Tai'an.
2.1.11 Babban Tarin (G)
Yi amfani da Jinan Ganggou don samar da 5" ~ 25 dakataccen dutse.
2.2 Hanyar gwaji
2.2.1 Hanyar gwaji don slurry fluidity
Kayan aikin gwaji: NJ. 160 nau'in siminti slurry mixer, wanda Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd ya samar.
Ana ƙididdige hanyoyin gwaji da sakamako bisa ga hanyar gwaji don yawan ruwan siminti a cikin Karin Bayani na "GB 50119.2003 Ƙididdiga na Fasaha don Aiwatar da Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa . ).
2.2.2 Hanyar gwaji don yawan ruwan turmi mai yawan ruwa
Gwajin kayan aiki: JJ. Nau'in siminti 5 mixer, wanda Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd ya samar;
TYE-2000B turmi gwajin inji, samar da Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd.;
TYE-300B turmi lankwasa gwajin inji, samar da Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd.
Hanyar gano ruwa ta turmi ta dogara ne akan "JC. T 986-2005 kayan grouting na tushen siminti" da "GB 50119-2003 Bayanan fasaha don Aikace-aikacen Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren A, girman girman mazugi ya mutu da aka yi amfani da shi, tsawo shine 60mm , Diamita na ciki na babban tashar jiragen ruwa shine 70mm, diamita na ciki na ƙananan tashar jiragen ruwa shine 100mm, kuma diamita na ƙananan tashar ya zama 120mm, kuma jimlar busassun nauyin turmi kada ya zama ƙasa da 2000g kowane lokaci.
Sakamakon gwaji na ma'aunin ruwan biyu yakamata ya ɗauki matsakaicin ƙimar kwatance biyu na tsaye azaman sakamako na ƙarshe.
2.2.3 Hanyar gwaji don ƙarfin haɗin ɗaure na turmi mai ɗaure
Babban kayan gwaji: WDL. Nau'in 5 na'urar gwaji ta duniya, wanda Kamfanin Tianjin Gangyuan Instrument Factory ya kera.
Za'a aiwatar da hanyar gwaji don ƙarfin haɗin ɗamara tare da la'akari da Sashe na 10 na (JGJ/T70.2009 Standard for Test Methods for Basic Properties of Gina Turmi.
Babi na 3. Tasirin ether na cellulose akan manna mai tsabta da turmi na kayan ciminti na binary na nau'in ma'adinai daban-daban.
Tasirin Ruwa
Wannan babi yana bincikar ethers da yawa na cellulose da gaurayawan ma'adinai ta hanyar gwada adadi mai yawa na tsaftataccen siminti na tushen slurries da turmi da tsarin siminti na binary da turmi tare da nau'ikan ma'adinai daban-daban da ruwa da asarar su akan lokaci. Doka ta tasiri na fili amfani da kayan a kan ruwa mai tsabta slurry da turmi, da kuma tasirin abubuwa daban-daban an taƙaita da nazari.
3.1 Bayanin ƙa'idar gwaji
Dangane da tasirin ether na cellulose akan aikin aiki na tsarin siminti mai tsafta da tsarin siminti daban-daban, galibi muna yin nazari cikin nau'i biyu:
1. tsarki. Yana da abũbuwan amfãni na fahimta, aiki mai sauƙi da daidaitattun daidaito, kuma ya fi dacewa don gano daidaitattun abubuwan da ake amfani da su kamar cellulose ether zuwa kayan gelling, kuma bambanci a bayyane yake.
2. Tumi mai yawan ruwa. Samun babban yanayin kwarara kuma shine don dacewa da aunawa da lura. Anan, daidaitawar yanayin kwararar tunani galibi ana sarrafa shi ta manyan manyan ayyuka na superplasticizers. Don rage kuskuren gwajin, muna amfani da mai rage ruwa na polycarboxylate tare da daidaitawa mai faɗi zuwa siminti, wanda ke da zafin jiki, kuma zafin gwajin yana buƙatar kulawa sosai.
3.2 Gwajin tasiri na ether cellulose akan ruwa mai tsaftataccen siminti
3.2.1 Tsarin gwaji don tasirin ether cellulose akan ruwa mai tsaftataccen siminti
Nufin tasirin ether na cellulose akan ruwa mai tsafta mai tsafta, an fara amfani da slurry na siminti mai tsafta na tsarin siminti mai kashi ɗaya don lura da tasirin. Babban fihirisar magana anan tana ɗaukar mafi kyawun gano ruwa.
Ana ɗaukar abubuwa masu zuwa don shafar motsi:
1. Nau'in ethers cellulose
2. Cellulose ether abun ciki
3. Slurry lokacin hutu
Anan, mun gyara abun ciki na PC na foda a 0.2%. An yi amfani da ƙungiyoyi uku da ƙungiyoyi huɗu na gwaje-gwaje don nau'ikan ethers cellulose guda uku (carboxymethylcellulose sodium CMC, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC). Don sodium carboxymethyl cellulose CMC, adadin 0%, O. 10%, O. 2%, wato Og, 0.39, 0.69 (yawan siminti a kowane gwaji shine 3009). , don hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether, sashi shine 0%, O. 05%, O. 10%, O. 15%, wato 09, 0.159, 0.39, 0.459.
3.2.2 Sakamakon gwaji da bincike na tasirin cellulose ether akan ruwa na manna siminti mai tsabta
(1) Sakamakon gwajin ruwa na siminti zalla da aka haɗe da CMC
Binciken sakamakon gwaji:
1. Alamar motsi:
Kwatanta ƙungiyoyin uku tare da lokaci ɗaya na tsaye, dangane da yanayin farko na ruwa, tare da ƙari na CMC, ƙarancin farko ya ragu kaɗan; Ruwan rabin sa'a ya ragu sosai tare da adadin, galibi saboda ruwan rabin sa'a na rukunin mara komai. Yana da 20mm ya fi girma fiye da na farko (wannan na iya zama lalacewa ta hanyar retardation na PC foda): -IJ, yawan ruwa ya ragu kadan a 0.1% sashi, kuma yana ƙaruwa a 0.2% sashi.
Idan aka kwatanta ƙungiyoyin uku tare da nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i)) wanda ya kasance mafi girma a cikin rabin sa'a kuma ya ragu a cikin sa'a daya (wannan yana iya zama saboda gaskiyar cewa bayan sa'a daya) simintin siminti ya bayyana karin hydration da adhesion. An fara samar da tsarin tsaka-tsakin, kuma slurry ya bayyana fiye da haka; yawan ruwa na ƙungiyoyin C1 da C2 sun ragu kaɗan a cikin rabin sa'a, yana nuna cewa shayar da ruwa na CMC yana da wani tasiri akan jihar; yayin da abun ciki na C2, an sami karuwa mai yawa a cikin sa'a daya, yana nuna cewa abun ciki na tasirin sakamako na retardation na CMC shine rinjaye.
2. Binciken bayanin al'amari:
Ana iya ganin cewa da karuwar abubuwan da ke cikin CMC, lamarin ya fara bayyana, wanda ke nuni da cewa CMC na da wani tasiri wajen kara dankon simintin din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din) din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din ahi na ahi ) suka buga da su, wanda hakan ya nuna cewa CMC da ke dauke da iskar CMC na haifar da samar da ci gaba. iska kumfa.
(2) Sakamakon gwajin ruwa na manna siminti zalla gauraye da HPMC (dankowar 100,000)
Binciken sakamakon gwaji:
1. Alamar motsi:
Daga layin layi na tasirin lokacin tsayawa akan ruwa, ana iya ganin cewa ruwa a cikin rabin sa'a yana da girma idan aka kwatanta da farkon da sa'a daya, kuma tare da karuwar abun ciki na HPMC, yanayin ya raunana. Gabaɗaya, asarar ruwa ba ta da girma, yana nuna cewa HPMC yana da tabbataccen riƙewar ruwa zuwa slurry, kuma yana da wani tasiri na jinkirtawa.
Ana iya gani daga lura cewa ruwa yana da matukar damuwa ga abun ciki na HPMC. A cikin kewayon gwaji, mafi girman abun ciki na HPMC, ƙaramin ruwa. Yana da matukar wahala a cika mazugi na ruwa da kanta a ƙarƙashin adadin ruwa guda. Ana iya ganin cewa bayan ƙara HPMC, asarar ruwa da lokaci ya haifar ba ta da girma ga slurry mai tsabta.
2. Binciken bayanin al'amari:
Rukunin da ba kowa ba yana da al'amarin jini, kuma ana iya gani daga kaifi canji na ruwa tare da sashi cewa HPMC ya fi ƙarfin riƙewar ruwa da tasiri fiye da CMC, kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kawar da al'amuran jini. Bai kamata a fahimci manyan kumfa na iska a matsayin tasirin shigar da iska ba. A gaskiya ma, bayan danko ya karu, iskan da aka gauraye a yayin aikin motsa jiki ba za a iya buge shi cikin ƙananan kumfa na iska ba saboda slurry yana da danko.
(3) Sakamakon gwajin ruwa na manna siminti zalla gauraye da HPMC (dankowar 150,000)
Binciken sakamakon gwaji:
1. Alamar motsi:
Daga layin layi na tasirin abubuwan da ke cikin HPMC (150,000) akan ruwa, tasirin canjin abun ciki akan ruwa ya fi bayyane fiye da na 100,000 HPMC, yana nuna cewa haɓakar danko na HPMC zai ragu. da ruwa.
Dangane da abin dubawa, bisa ga yanayin gabaɗayan canjin ruwa tare da lokaci, tasirin jinkirta rabin sa'a na HPMC (150,000) a bayyane yake, yayin da tasirin -4, ya fi na HPMC (100,000) muni. .
2. Binciken bayanin al'amari:
Akwai zubar jini a rukunin da ba kowa. Dalilin dasa farantin shine saboda rabon siminti na ruwa na slurry na ƙasa ya zama ƙarami bayan zubar jini, kuma slurry yana da yawa kuma yana da wuya a goge daga farantin gilashi. Bugu da ƙari na HPMC ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kawar da al'amuran jini. Tare da karuwar abun ciki, ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan kumfa sun fara bayyana sannan kuma manyan kumfa sun bayyana. Kananan kumfa suna faruwa ne saboda wani dalili. Hakazalika, bai kamata a fahimci manyan kumfa a matsayin tasirin shigar da iska ba. A gaskiya ma, bayan danko ya karu, iskan da aka gauraye a yayin aikin motsa jiki yana da danko sosai kuma ba zai iya zubarwa daga slurry ba.
3.3 Tasirin gwajin ether na cellulose akan ruwa mai tsaftataccen slurry na kayan siminti masu yawa
Wannan sashe yafi bincika tasirin fili na amfani da admixtures da yawa da ethers cellulose uku (carboxymethyl cellulose sodium CMC, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC) akan ruwa na ɓangaren litattafan almara.
Hakazalika, an yi amfani da ƙungiyoyi uku da ƙungiyoyi huɗu na gwaje-gwaje don nau'ikan ethers cellulose guda uku (carboxymethylcellulose sodium CMC, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC). Don sodium carboxymethyl cellulose CMC, kashi na 0%, 0.10%, da 0.2%, wato 0g, 0.3g, da 0.6g (madaidaicin siminti na kowane gwaji shine 300g). Don hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether, sashi shine 0%, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, wato 0g, 0.15g, 0.3g, 0.45g. Ana sarrafa abun ciki na PC na foda a 0.2%.
An maye gurbin ash ash da slag foda a cikin ma'adinan ma'adinai ta hanyar adadin hanyar haɗin ciki, kuma matakan haɗuwa sune 10%, 20% da 30%, wato, adadin maye gurbin shine 30g, 60g da 90g. Duk da haka, la'akari da tasiri na mafi girma ayyuka, shrinkage, da kuma jihar, da silica fume abun ciki ana sarrafa zuwa 3%, 6%, da kuma 9%, wato, 9g, 18g, da kuma 27g.
3.3.1 Tsarin gwaji don tasirin ether na cellulose akan ruwa mai tsaftataccen slurry na siminti mai binary
(1) Tsarin gwaji don ruwa na kayan siminti na binary gauraye da CMC da ma'adanai daban-daban.
(2) Tsarin gwaji don yawan ruwan simintin kayan binaryar gauraye da HPMC (dankowar 100,000) da ma'adanai daban-daban.
(3) Tsarin gwaji don ruwa na kayan siminti na binary gauraye da HPMC (dankowar 150,000) da ma'adanai daban-daban.
3.3.2 Sakamakon gwaji da bincike na tasirin cellulose ether akan ruwa na kayan siminti masu yawa
(1) Sakamakon gwajin ruwa na farko na kayan siminti mai tsaftataccen slurry gauraye da CMC da abubuwan ma'adinai daban-daban.
Ana iya gani daga wannan cewa ƙari da tokar gardama na iya haɓaka haɓakar slurry na farko yadda ya kamata, kuma yana ƙoƙarin faɗaɗa tare da karuwar tokar kuda. A lokaci guda, lokacin da abun ciki na CMC ya karu, yawan ruwa ya ragu kadan, kuma matsakaicin raguwa shine 20mm.
Ana iya ganin cewa za'a iya ƙara yawan ruwa na farko na slurry mai tsabta a ƙananan ƙwayar ma'adinai na ma'adinai, kuma haɓakar haɓakar ruwa ba a bayyane ba lokacin da sashi ya wuce 20%. A lokaci guda, adadin CMC a cikin O. A 1%, yawan ruwa shine matsakaicin.
Ana iya gani daga wannan cewa abun ciki na fume silica gabaɗaya yana da babban tasiri mara kyau akan farar ruwa na slurry. A lokaci guda, CMC kuma ya ɗan rage yawan ruwa.
Sakamakon gwajin ruwa na rabin sa'a na kayan siminti mai tsaftar binary gauraye da CMC da abubuwan ma'adinai iri-iri.
Ana iya ganin cewa haɓakar ruwa na gardama ash na rabin sa'a yana da inganci a ƙananan sashi, amma kuma yana iya kasancewa saboda yana kusa da iyakar iyakar slurry mai tsabta. A lokaci guda, CMC har yanzu yana da ƙaramin raguwa a cikin ruwa.
Bugu da ƙari, idan aka kwatanta yawan ruwa na farko da na rabin sa'a, za'a iya gano cewa karin tokar kuda yana da amfani don sarrafa asarar ruwa a cikin lokaci.
Ana iya gani daga wannan cewa jimlar adadin ma'adinai foda ba shi da wani tasiri mara kyau a kan ruwa na slurry mai tsabta na rabin sa'a, kuma kullun ba shi da karfi. A lokaci guda, tasirin abun ciki na CMC akan ruwa a cikin rabin sa'a ba a bayyane yake ba, amma haɓakar 20% ma'adinai foda maye gurbin rukuni yana da mahimmanci.
Ana iya ganin cewa mummunan tasirin ruwa na slurry mai tsabta tare da adadin silica fume na rabin sa'a ya fi bayyane fiye da na farko, musamman ma tasiri a cikin kewayon 6% zuwa 9% ya fi bayyane. A lokaci guda, raguwar abun ciki na CMC akan ruwa yana kusan 30mm, wanda ya fi girma fiye da raguwar abun ciki na CMC zuwa farkon.
(2) Sakamakon gwajin ruwa na farko na kayan siminti mai tsaftataccen slurry gauraye da HPMC (dankowar 100,000) da abubuwan ma'adinai daban-daban.
Daga wannan, za a iya ganin cewa tasirin tokar kuda a kan ruwa yana da kyau a bayyane, amma an gano a cikin gwajin cewa tokar kuda ba ta da wani tasiri na inganta jini a fili. Bugu da ƙari, rage tasirin HPMC akan ruwa yana bayyana sosai (musamman a cikin kewayon 0.1% zuwa 0.15% na babban sashi, matsakaicin raguwa zai iya kaiwa fiye da 50mm).
Ana iya ganin cewa foda mai ma'adinai yana da tasiri kadan akan ruwa, kuma baya inganta zubar da jini sosai. Bugu da ƙari, rage tasirin HPMC akan ruwa ya kai 60mm a cikin kewayon 0.1% ~ 0.15% na babban sashi.
Daga wannan, ana iya ganin cewa rage yawan ruwa na silica fume ya fi bayyana a cikin babban nau'i na nau'i, kuma bugu da ƙari, ƙwayar silica yana da tasiri mai kyau na inganta jini a cikin gwaji. A lokaci guda kuma, HPMC yana da tasirin gaske akan rage yawan ruwa (musamman a cikin kewayon babban adadin (0.1% zuwa 0.15%). sauran Admixture yana aiki azaman ƙarin ƙaramin daidaitawa.
Ana iya ganin cewa, a gaba ɗaya, tasirin admixtures guda uku a kan ruwa yana kama da ƙimar farko. Lokacin da hayaƙin silica yana cikin babban abun ciki na 9% kuma abun ciki na HPMC shine O. A cikin yanayin 15%, al'amarin cewa ba a iya tattara bayanan ba saboda rashin kyawun yanayin slurry yana da wuya a cika mazugi na mazugi. , yana nuna cewa danko na silica fume da HPMC ya karu sosai a mafi girma dosages. Idan aka kwatanta da CMC, tasirin ƙara danko na HPMC a bayyane yake.
(3) Sakamakon gwajin ruwa na farko na kayan siminti mai tsaftataccen slurry gauraye da HPMC (dankowar 100,000) da ma'adanai daban-daban.
Daga wannan, ana iya ganin cewa HPMC (150,000) da HPMC (100,000) suna da irin wannan tasirin akan slurry, amma HPMC tare da babban danko yana da raguwa kaɗan a cikin ruwa, amma ba a bayyane ba, wanda ya kamata ya danganta da rushewar. Farashin HPMC. Gudun yana da ƙayyadaddun dangantaka. Daga cikin admixtures, tasirin abun ciki na gardama a kan ruwa na slurry shine m madaidaiciya kuma tabbatacce, kuma 30% na abun ciki na iya ƙara yawan ruwa ta 20,-,30mm; Tasirin ba a bayyane yake ba, kuma tasirin ingantawarsa akan zubar jini yana da iyaka; ko da a ɗan ƙaramin matakin da bai wuce 10% ba, fume silica yana da tasiri a fili wajen rage zubar jini, kuma takamaiman wurin da ke samansa ya kusan sau biyu girma fiye da na siminti. tsari na girma, tasirin tallan sa na ruwa akan motsi yana da mahimmanci.
A cikin kalma, a cikin bambance bambancen sashi na sashi, abubuwan da dalilai suna shafar ƙwayar slurry, ko ikon zubar da jini, shine mafi bayyane, sauran Tasirin admixtures shine na biyu kuma yana taka rawar daidaitawa na taimako.
Kashi na uku ya taƙaita tasirin HPMC (150,000) da ƙari akan ruwa mai tsabta na ɓangaren litattafan almara a cikin rabin sa'a, wanda gabaɗaya yayi kama da dokar tasiri na ƙimar farko. Ana iya gano cewa karuwar ash a kan ruwa mai tsafta na tsawon rabin sa'a yana da kyau a bayyane fiye da karuwar yawan ruwa na farko, tasirin slag foda har yanzu ba a bayyane yake ba, da kuma tasirin abun ciki na silica fume akan ruwa. har yanzu a bayyane yake. Bugu da ƙari, dangane da abubuwan da ke cikin HPMC, akwai abubuwa da yawa da ba za a iya zubar da su a cikin babban abun ciki ba, wanda ke nuna cewa adadinsa na O. 15% yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci wajen ƙara danko da rage yawan ruwa, kuma dangane da ruwa na rabi na rabi. sa'a guda, idan aka kwatanta da ƙimar farko, ƙungiyar slag ta O. Ruwa na 05% HPMC ya ragu a fili.
Dangane da asarar ruwa a cikin lokaci, haɗakar da silica fume yana da tasiri mai yawa akansa, musamman saboda fume silica yana da babban inganci, babban aiki, saurin amsawa, da kuma ƙarfin ƙarfin shayar da danshi, wanda ya haifar da rashin tausayi. ruwa zuwa lokacin tsayawa. Zuwa
3.4 Gwaji akan tasirin ether na cellulose akan ruwa na turmi mai yawan ruwa mai tsaftar siminti.
3.4.1 Tsarin gwaji don tasirin cellulose ether akan ruwa mai tsaftataccen turmi mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi
Yi amfani da turmi mai ƙarfi don lura da tasirin sa akan iya aiki. Babban ma'anar magana anan shine gwajin ruwa na turmi na farko da rabin sa'a.
Ana ɗaukar abubuwa masu zuwa don shafar motsi:
1 nau'in cellulose ethers,
2 kashi na cellulose ether,
3 Turmi tsayawa lokacin
3.4.2 Sakamakon gwaji da nazarin tasirin cellulose ether akan ruwa na turmi mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi mai tsaftar siminti.
(1) Sakamakon gwajin ruwa na turmi siminti zalla gauraye da CMC
Takaitawa da nazarin sakamakon gwaji:
1. Alamar motsi:
Idan aka kwatanta ƙungiyoyin uku tare da lokaci ɗaya na tsaye, dangane da yanayin farko na ruwa, tare da ƙari na CMC, yawan ruwa na farko ya ragu kadan, kuma lokacin da abun ciki ya kai O. A 15%, akwai raguwa a bayyane; raguwar raguwa na ruwa tare da karuwar abun ciki a cikin rabin sa'a yana kama da ƙimar farko.
2. Alama:
A ka'ida, idan aka kwatanta da tsaftataccen slurry, shigar da tarawa a turmi yana sauƙaƙa don shigar da kumfa na iska a cikin slurry, da kuma toshe tasirin aggregates akan rashin zubar jini shima zai sauƙaƙa don riƙe kumfa na iska ko zubar jini. A cikin slurry, saboda haka, abun cikin kumfa na iska da girman turmi ya kamata ya fi girma da girma fiye da na slurry mai kyau. A daya bangaren kuma, za a iya ganin yadda sinadarin CMC ya karu, ruwa yana raguwa, wanda hakan ke nuna cewa CMC na da wani tasiri mai kauri a kan turmi, sannan gwajin ruwa na rabin sa'a ya nuna cewa kumfa na malalowa a saman. karuwa kadan. , wanda kuma shi ne bayyanar da daidaituwar haɓaka, kuma idan daidaito ya kai wani matsayi, kumfa zai yi wuya a cika, kuma ba za a ga kumfa na fili a saman ba.
(2) Sakamakon gwajin ruwa na turmi siminti zalla gauraye da HPMC (100,000)
Binciken sakamakon gwaji:
1. Alamar motsi:
Ana iya gani daga adadi cewa tare da karuwar abun ciki na HPMC, yawan ruwa yana raguwa sosai. Idan aka kwatanta da CMC, HPMC yana da tasiri mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. Tasiri da riƙewar ruwa sun fi kyau. Daga 0.05% zuwa 0.1%, kewayon canjin canjin ruwa ya fi bayyane, kuma daga O. Bayan 1%, ba canjin farkon ko rabin sa'a a cikin ruwa ya yi girma da yawa.
2. Binciken bayanin al'amari:
Ana iya gani daga tebur da adadi cewa a zahiri babu kumfa a cikin ƙungiyoyin biyu na Mh2 da Mh3, wanda ke nuna cewa dankowar ƙungiyoyin biyu ya riga ya yi girma, yana hana cikar kumfa a cikin slurry.
(3) Sakamakon gwajin ruwa na turmi siminti zalla gauraye da HPMC (150,000)
Binciken sakamakon gwaji:
1. Alamar motsi:
Idan aka kwatanta ƙungiyoyi da yawa tare da lokacin tsayawa iri ɗaya, yanayin gaba ɗaya shine cewa duka ruwa na farko da na rabin sa'a suna raguwa tare da haɓakar abubuwan da ke cikin HPMC, kuma raguwa ya fi bayyane fiye da na HPMC tare da danko na 100,000, yana nuna cewa karuwa da danko na HPMC ya sa ya karu. An ƙarfafa sakamako mai ƙarfi, amma a cikin O. Sakamakon sashi a ƙasa 05% ba a bayyane yake ba, ruwa yana da babban canji a cikin kewayon 0.05% zuwa 0.1%, kuma yanayin ya sake komawa cikin kewayon 0.1% ya canza zuwa -0.15%. A hankali, ko ma daina canzawa. Kwatanta ƙimar asarar ruwa na rabin sa'a (jinin farko da ruwa na rabin sa'a) na HPMC tare da viscosities guda biyu, ana iya gano cewa HPMC tare da babban danko na iya rage ƙimar asarar, yana nuna cewa riƙe ruwa da saita tasirin sakamako shine fiye da na low danko.
2. Binciken bayanin al'amari:
Dangane da sarrafa zubar jini, HPMC guda biyu ba su da ɗan bambanci a cikin tasiri, duka biyun suna iya riƙe ruwa yadda ya kamata kuma su yi kauri, kawar da illolin zubar jini, kuma a lokaci guda suna ba da damar kumfa su mamaye yadda ya kamata.
3.5 Gwaji akan tasirin ether na cellulose akan yawan ruwan turmi mai ƙarfi na tsarin siminti daban-daban.
3.5.1 Tsarin gwaji don tasirin ethers na cellulose akan ruwa na turmi mai ƙarfi na tsarin siminti daban-daban
Har yanzu ana amfani da turmi mai ƙarfi don lura da tasirinsa akan ruwa. Babban alamomin nuni shine gano ruwa na turmi na farko da na rabin sa'a.
(1) Gwajin dabarar ruwan turmi tare da kayan siminti na binary gauraye da CMC da abubuwan ma'adinai daban-daban.
(2) Gwajin ƙirar turmi tare da HPMC (dankowar 100,000) da kayan siminti na binary na abubuwan ma'adinai daban-daban
(3) Gwajin ƙirar turmi tare da HPMC (dankowar 150,000) da kayan siminti na binary na abubuwan ma'adinai daban-daban
3.5.2 Tasirin ether cellulose akan ruwa na turmi mai ruwa mai yawa a cikin tsarin kayan siminti mai binary na nau'ikan ma'adinai daban-daban na sakamakon gwaji da bincike.
(1) Sakamako na farko na gwajin ruwa na turmi cimintious binaryar gauraye da CMC da nau'i-nau'i daban-daban.
Daga sakamakon gwajin farko na ruwa, ana iya ƙarasa da cewa ƙari da tokar gardawa na iya ɗan inganta yawan ruwa na turmi; lokacin da abun ciki na ma'adinai foda shine 10%, za'a iya inganta yawan ruwa na turmi; da silica fume yana da tasiri mafi girma akan ruwa, musamman a cikin kewayon 6% ~ 9% bambancin abun ciki, wanda ya haifar da raguwa a cikin ruwa na kimanin 90mm.
A cikin ƙungiyoyi biyu na gardama ash da kuma ma'adinai foda, CMC rage fluidity na turmi zuwa wani matsayi, yayin da a cikin silica fume kungiyar, O. The karuwa na CMC abun ciki sama da 1% daina muhimmanci rinjayar da fluidity na turmi.
Sakamakon gwajin ruwa na rabin sa'a na turmi cimintious binaryar gauraye da CMC da wasu abubuwa daban-daban
Daga sakamakon gwajin gwajin ruwa a cikin rabin sa'a, ana iya ƙaddamar da cewa tasirin abun ciki na admixture da CMC yana kama da na farko, amma abun ciki na CMC a cikin rukunin foda na ma'adinai ya canza daga O. 1% zuwa O. Canjin 2% ya fi girma, a 30mm.
Dangane da asarar ruwa a cikin lokaci, ash na tashi yana da tasirin rage hasara, yayin da foda na ma'adinai da silica fume zai kara yawan hasara a karkashin babban sashi. Matsakaicin kashi 9% na fume silica shima yana haifar da rashin cika samfurin gwajin da kanta. , ba za a iya auna yawan ruwa daidai ba.
(2) Sakamakon gwajin ruwa na farko na turmi cimintious binaryar gauraye da HPMC (dankowar 100,000) da ƙari daban-daban
Sakamakon gwajin ruwa na rabin sa'a na turmi cimintious binary gauraye da HPMC (dankowar 100,000) da ƙari daban-daban
Har yanzu ana iya ƙarewa ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen cewa ƙari da tokar kuda zai iya ɗan inganta yawan ruwan turmi; lokacin da abun ciki na ma'adinai foda shine 10%, za'a iya inganta yawan ruwa na turmi; Matsakaicin yana da matukar damuwa, kuma ƙungiyar HPMC tare da babban sashi a kashi 9% yana da matattu aibobi, kuma ruwa yana ɓacewa.
Abubuwan da ke cikin ether cellulose da silica fume suma sune abubuwan da suka fi fitowa fili da ke shafar ruwan turmi. Tasirin HPMC tabbas ya fi na CMC girma. Sauran admixtures na iya inganta asarar ruwa a cikin lokaci.
(3) Sakamakon gwajin ruwa na farko na turmi cimintious binary gauraye da HPMC (dankowar 150,000) da ƙari daban-daban
Sakamakon gwajin ruwa na rabin sa'a na turmi cimintious binary gauraye da HPMC (dankowar 150,000) da ƙari daban-daban
Har yanzu ana iya ƙarewa ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen cewa ƙari da tokar kuda zai iya ɗan inganta yawan ruwan turmi; lokacin da abun ciki na foda na ma'adinai ya kasance 10%, za a iya inganta yawan ruwa na turmi: silica fume har yanzu yana da tasiri sosai wajen magance matsalar zubar jini, yayin da Fluidity yana da mummunar tasiri, amma ba shi da tasiri fiye da tasirinsa a cikin tsabtataccen slurries. .
A babban adadin matattu spots bayyana a karkashin babban abun ciki na cellulose ether (musamman a cikin tebur na rabin-hour fluidity), nuna cewa HPMC yana da gagarumin tasiri a kan rage fluidity na turmi, da kuma ma'adinai foda da kuma gardama ash iya inganta asarar. na fluidity na tsawon lokaci.
3.5 Takaitaccen Babi
1. Cikakken kwatanta gwajin ruwa na simintin siminti mai tsafta gauraye da ethers cellulose uku, ana iya ganin cewa.
1. CMC yana da wasu abubuwan da aka jinkirta da kuma tasirin iska, rashin ƙarfi na ruwa, da wasu hasara na tsawon lokaci.
2. Sakamakon riƙewar ruwa na HPMC a bayyane yake, kuma yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan jihar, kuma yawan ruwa yana raguwa sosai tare da karuwar abun ciki. Yana da wani tasiri mai hana iska, kuma kauri a bayyane yake. 15% zai haifar da manyan kumfa a cikin slurry, wanda ke daure ya zama mai lahani ga ƙarfin. Tare da haɓaka dankowar HPMC, asarar da ta dogara da lokaci na slurry fluidity ya ƙaru kaɗan, amma ba a bayyane yake ba.
2. Cikakken kwatanta slurry fluidity gwajin na binary gelling tsarin daban-daban ma'adinai admixtures gauraye da uku cellulose ethers, za a iya gani cewa:
1. Dokokin tasiri na uku cellulose ethers a kan fluidity na slurry na binary cementitious tsarin na daban-daban ma'adinai admixtures yana da halaye kama da tasiri dokar na fluidity na tsarki ciminti slurry. CMC yana da ɗan tasiri akan sarrafa jini, kuma yana da tasiri mai rauni akan rage yawan ruwa; nau'ikan HPMC guda biyu na iya haɓaka dankowar slurry da rage yawan ruwa sosai, kuma wanda yake da ɗanko mafi girma yana da ƙarin tasiri a fili.
2. Daga cikin admixtures, gardama ash yana da wani mataki na inganta a kan farkon da rabin sa'a fluidity na tsarki slurry, da kuma abun ciki na 30% za a iya ƙara da game da 30mm; Sakamakon ma'adinai foda a kan ruwa na slurry mai tsabta ba shi da wani tsari na yau da kullum; silicon Ko da yake abin da ke cikin ash ba shi da ƙasa, ƙayyadaddun ingancinsa na musamman, saurin amsawa, da kuma adsorption mai ƙarfi yana sa ya rage yawan ruwa na slurry, musamman lokacin da aka ƙara 0.15% HPMC, za a sami mazugi na mazugi waɗanda ba za a iya cika su ba. Al'amarin.
3. A cikin kula da zubar jini, tokar kuda da foda na ma'adinai ba a bayyane suke ba, kuma hayaƙin siliki yana iya rage yawan zubar jini a fili.
4. Dangane da asarar ruwa na rabin sa'a, asarar ƙimar tokar kuda ta fi ƙanƙanta, kuma asarar ƙimar ƙungiyar da ke haɗa hayaƙin siliki ya fi girma.
5. A cikin bambance-bambancen nau'in abun ciki, abubuwan da suka shafi ruwa na slurry, abun ciki na HPMC da silica fume sune abubuwan farko, ko dai kula da zubar da jini ko kuma kula da yanayin gudana, shi ne. in mun gwada da bayyane. Tasirin foda na ma'adinai da foda na ma'adinai shine na biyu, kuma yana taka rawar daidaitawa na taimako.
3. Cikakken kwatanta gwajin ruwa na turmi siminti zalla gauraye da ethers cellulose guda uku, ana iya ganin cewa.
1. Bayan an ƙara ethers na cellulose guda uku, an kawar da abin da ke faruwa na jini yadda ya kamata, kuma yawan ruwa na turmi ya ragu. Wasu kauri, tasirin riƙe ruwa. CMC yana da wasu abubuwan da aka jinkirta da kuma tasirin iska, rashin ƙarfi na ruwa, da wasu hasara a kan lokaci.
2. Bayan ƙara CMC, asarar turmi ruwa a kan lokaci yana ƙaruwa, wanda zai iya zama saboda CMC shine ionic cellulose ether, wanda yake da sauƙi don samar da hazo tare da Ca2 + a cikin siminti.
3. Kwatankwacin ethers na cellulose guda uku ya nuna cewa CMC ba ta da tasiri a kan ruwa, kuma nau'in HPMC guda biyu yana rage yawan ruwa na turmi a cikin abun ciki na 1/1000, kuma wanda yake da danko mafi girma ya dan kadan. bayyane.
4. Nau'in nau'in cellulose ethers guda uku suna da tasiri mai tasiri na iska, wanda zai haifar da kumfa na sama don ambaliya, amma lokacin da abun ciki na HPMC ya kai fiye da 0.1%, saboda babban danko na slurry, kumfa ya kasance a cikin slurry kuma ba zai iya ambaliya.
5. Tasirin riƙewar ruwa na HPMC a bayyane yake, wanda ke da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan yanayin cakuda, kuma yawan ruwa yana raguwa sosai tare da karuwar abun ciki, kuma mai girma yana bayyane.
4. Comprehensively kwatanta fluidity gwajin mahara ma'adinai admixture binary cementitious kayan gauraye da uku cellulose ethers.
Kamar yadda ake iya gani:
1. Doka ta tasiri na ethers cellulose uku akan ruwa na turmi mai nau'in siminti mai nau'i-nau'i da yawa yana kama da dokar tasiri akan ruwa mai tsabta. CMC yana da ɗan tasiri akan sarrafa jini, kuma yana da tasiri mai rauni akan rage yawan ruwa; nau'ikan HPMC guda biyu na iya ƙara ɗankowar turmi da rage yawan ruwa sosai, kuma wanda yake da ɗanko mafi girma yana da ƙarin tasiri a fili.
2. Daga cikin admixtures, gardama ash yana da wani mataki na ingantawa na farko da rabin sa'a na ruwa mai tsabta; tasiri na slag foda a kan ruwa mai tsabta na slurry mai tsabta ba shi da wani tsari na yau da kullum; ko da yake abun ciki na silica fume ne low, ta musamman ultra-fineness, sauri dauki da kuma karfi adsorption sa shi da babban ragi tasiri a kan ruwa na slurry. Duk da haka, idan aka kwatanta da sakamakon gwajin na manna mai tsabta, an gano cewa tasirin admixtures yana yin rauni.
3. A cikin kula da zubar jini, tokar kuda da foda na ma'adinai ba a bayyane suke ba, kuma hayaƙin siliki yana iya rage yawan zubar jini a fili.
4. A cikin bambance bambancen sashi na sashi, da abubuwan da suka shafi ruwan turmi, sashi na HPMC da silica fue sune manyan abubuwan, ko ikon zubar jini ne, ya fi ƙarfin jihar kwarara, ya fi ƙarfin jihar kwarara, ya fi ƙarfin jihar kwarara, ya fi ƙarfin jihar kwarara, ya fi ƙarfin jihar kwarara, ya fi ikon tafiyar da jihar a bayyane, da silica fume 9% Lokacin da abun ciki na HPMC ya kasance 0.15%, yana da sauƙi don haifar da cikawar mold ya zama da wuya a cika, kuma tasirin sauran abubuwan da aka haɗa shi ne sakandare kuma yana taka rawar daidaitawa.
5. Za a sami kumfa a saman turmi tare da ruwa fiye da 250mm, amma ƙungiyar maras kyau ba tare da ether cellulose ba gaba ɗaya ba ta da kumfa ko ƙananan ƙananan kumfa, yana nuna cewa ether cellulose yana da wani nau'i na iska. tasiri kuma yana sanya slurry danko. Bugu da kari, saboda da wuce kima danko na turmi tare da matalauta fluidity, yana da wuya ga iska kumfa zuwa iyo sama da kai-nauyin sakamako na slurry, amma an riƙe a cikin turmi, da kuma tasiri a kan ƙarfi ba zai iya zama. watsi.
Babi na 4 Tasirin Ethers Cellulose akan Halayen Injin Turmi
Babin da ya gabata ya yi nazarin tasirin haɗuwa da amfani da ether na cellulose da nau'ikan ma'adinai daban-daban a kan ruwa mai tsabta na slurry mai tsabta da kuma turmi mai girma. Wannan babi yafi yin nazarin haɗakar amfani da cellulose ether da daban-daban admixtures a kan high fluidity turmi Kuma da tasiri na matsawa da flexural ƙarfi na bonding turmi, da dangantaka tsakanin tensile bonding ƙarfi na bonding turmi da cellulose ether da ma'adinai. Admixtures kuma an taƙaita shi kuma an bincika.
Dangane da binciken da aka yi akan aikin ether cellulose zuwa siminti na tushen siminti na manna da turmi mai tsabta a Babi na 3, a cikin yanayin gwajin ƙarfin, abun ciki na ether cellulose shine 0.1%.
4.1 Gwajin ƙarfin matsa lamba da sassauƙa na turmi mai ƙarfi
An bincika ƙarfin matsawa da sassauƙa na ma'adinan ma'adinai da ethers cellulose a cikin turmi jiko mai yawan ruwa.
4.1.1 Gwajin tasiri akan matsawa da ƙarfin sassauƙa na tsantsar turmi mai ƙarfi na tushen siminti
An gudanar da tasirin nau'ikan nau'ikan ethers na cellulose guda uku akan abubuwan haɓakawa da haɓakar turmi mai tsaftar siminti mai ƙarfi a cikin shekaru daban-daban a ƙayyadaddun abun ciki na 0.1% anan.
Binciken ƙarfin farko: Dangane da ƙarfin sassauƙa, CMC yana da wani tasiri mai ƙarfafawa, yayin da HPMC yana da wani tasiri na ragewa; dangane da ƙarfin matsawa, haɗakar da ether cellulose yana da irin wannan doka tare da ƙarfin sassauci; danko na HPMC yana rinjayar ƙarfin biyu. Yana da ƙananan tasiri: dangane da ma'auni na matsa lamba, dukkanin ethers cellulose guda uku na iya rage girman girman girman da kuma inganta sassaucin turmi. Daga cikin su, HPMC tare da danko na 150,000 yana da mafi kyawun tasiri.
(2) Sakamakon gwajin ƙarfin ƙarfin kwana bakwai
Binciken ƙarfin kwana bakwai: Dangane da ƙarfin sassauƙa da ƙarfi, akwai irin wannan doka da ƙarfin kwana uku. Idan aka kwatanta da matsa lamba na kwana uku, akwai ɗan ƙara ƙarar ƙarfin matsa lamba. Koyaya, kwatankwacin bayanan lokacin shekarun iri ɗaya na iya ganin tasirin HPMC akan raguwar matsi-nayawa rabo. in mun gwada da bayyane.
(3) Sakamakon gwajin ƙarfin ƙarfin kwana ashirin da takwas
Binciken ƙarfin kwana ashirin da takwas: Dangane da ƙarfin sassauƙa da ƙarfin matsawa, akwai dokoki kama da ƙarfin kwana uku. Ƙarfin sassauƙa yana ƙaruwa a hankali, kuma ƙarfin matsawa har yanzu yana ƙaruwa zuwa wani yanki. Kwatankwacin bayanai na lokacin shekarun iri ɗaya ya nuna cewa HPMC yana da ƙarin tasiri a bayyane kan haɓaka ƙimar matsawa.
Dangane da gwajin ƙarfin wannan sashe, an gano cewa haɓakar ƙwanƙwasa turmi yana iyakancewa ta hanyar CMC, kuma wani lokacin matsi-zuwa ninki yana ƙaruwa, yana sa turmin ya yi rauni. A lokaci guda, tun da tasirin riƙewar ruwa ya fi na kowa fiye da na HPMC, ether cellulose da muke la'akari da gwajin ƙarfin a nan shine HPMC na viscosities biyu. Ko da yake HPMC yana da wani tasiri akan rage ƙarfin (musamman ga ƙarfin farko), yana da amfani don rage yawan matsawa-refraction rabo, wanda ke da amfani ga taurin turmi. Bugu da ƙari, haɗe tare da abubuwan da suka shafi ruwa a cikin Babi na 3, a cikin nazarin abubuwan da ake amfani da su na admixtures da CE A cikin gwajin tasirin, za mu yi amfani da HPMC (100,000) a matsayin daidaitaccen CE.
4.1.2 Gwajin tasiri na matsawa da ƙarfi na ma'adinai admixture high fluidity turmi
Dangane da gwajin ruwa na tsaftataccen slurry da turmi gauraye da admixtures a babin da ya gabata, za a iya ganin cewa ruwan hayakin siliki ya lalace a fili saboda yawan buƙatun ruwa, ko da yake yana iya inganta ƙima da ƙarfi. wani iyaka. , musamman ma ƙarfin matsawa, amma yana da sauƙi don haifar da matsi-zuwa ninki ya yi girma da yawa, wanda ya sa fasalin turmi ya zama abin ban mamaki, kuma yana da ra'ayi cewa silica fume yana ƙara raguwa na turmi. A lokaci guda kuma, saboda rashin raguwar kwarangwal na kwarangwal, raguwar darajar turmi yana da girma dangane da kankare. Don turmi (musamman turmi na musamman kamar turmi mai ɗaure da filasta), babban cutarwa galibi shine raguwa. Don tsagewar lalacewa ta hanyar asarar ruwa, ƙarfin yawanci ba shine mafi mahimmancin abu ba. Saboda haka, silica fume aka jefar da a matsayin admixture, kuma kawai tashi ash da kuma ma'adinai foda aka yi amfani da su gano sakamakon da hadaddun sakamako da cellulose ether a kan ƙarfi.
4.1.2.1 Matsakaicin ƙarfi da tsarin gwajin ƙarfin sassauƙa na turmi mai ƙarfi
A cikin wannan gwaji, an yi amfani da adadin turmi a cikin 4.1.1, kuma an daidaita abun ciki na ether cellulose a 0.1% kuma idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar maras kyau. Matsakaicin adadin gwajin admixture shine 0%, 10%, 20% da 30%.
4.1.2.2 Sakamakon gwajin ƙarfi na matsawa da sassauƙa da bincike na turmi mai ƙarfi
Ana iya gani daga ƙimar gwajin ƙarfin matsawa cewa ƙarfin matsawa na 3d bayan ƙara HPMC shine kusan 5/VIPA ƙasa da na rukunin mara tushe. Gabaɗaya, tare da haɓakar adadin ƙarar da aka ƙara, ƙarfin matsawa yana nuna yanayin raguwa. . Dangane da admixtures, ƙarfin ƙungiyar foda mai ma'adinai ba tare da HPMC ba shine mafi kyau, yayin da ƙarfin ƙungiyar kuda ya ɗan ƙasa kaɗan fiye da rukunin foda na ma'adinai, yana nuna cewa foda mai ma'adinai ba ta aiki kamar siminti. kuma shigar da shi zai dan rage karfin farkon tsarin. Tokar gardama tare da mafi ƙarancin aiki yana rage ƙarfi sosai a fili. Dalilin binciken ya kamata ya kasance cewa ash gardama yafi shiga cikin hydration na siminti na biyu, kuma baya taimakawa sosai ga ƙarfin farkon turmi.
Ana iya gani daga ƙimar gwajin ƙarfin flexural cewa HPMC har yanzu yana da mummunan tasiri akan ƙarfin sassauci, amma lokacin da abun ciki na admixture ya fi girma, al'amarin na rage ƙarfin flexural ba a bayyane yake ba. Dalili na iya zama tasirin riƙe ruwa na HPMC. Adadin asarar ruwa a saman shingen gwajin turmi yana raguwa, kuma ruwan don samar da ruwa ya isa sosai.
Dangane da admixtures, ƙarfin flexural yana nuna raguwar haɓaka tare da haɓaka abun ciki na admixture, kuma ƙarfin juzu'i na ƙungiyar foda mai ma'adinai kuma ya fi girma fiye da na ƙungiyar gardama, yana nuna cewa aikin ma'adinan foda shine. ya fi na kuda ash.
Ana iya gani daga ƙididdige ƙimar ƙimar matsawa-raguwa cewa ƙari na HPMC zai rage ƙimar matsawa yadda ya kamata kuma ya inganta sassaucin turmi, amma a zahiri yana kashe babban raguwar ƙarfin matsawa.
Dangane da abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su, yayin da adadin adadin kuzari ya karu, ma'aunin matsawa yana ƙara karuwa, yana nuna cewa admixture ba ya dace da sassaucin turmi. Bugu da kari, ana iya gano cewa matsi-ninki rabo na turmi ba tare da HPMC yana ƙaruwa tare da ƙari na admixture. Ƙaruwar ya ɗan fi girma, wato, HPMC na iya inganta haɓakar turmi wanda ya haifar da ƙari na admixtures zuwa wani matsayi.
Ana iya ganin cewa don ƙarfin matsawa na 7d, mummunan tasirin admixtures ba a bayyane yake ba. Matsakaicin ƙarfin matsawa kusan iri ɗaya ne a kowane matakin sashi na admixture, kuma HPMC har yanzu yana da ƙarancin lahani akan ƙarfin matsawa. tasiri.
Ana iya ganin cewa dangane da ƙarfin gyare-gyare, admixture yana da mummunar tasiri a kan juriya na 7d gaba ɗaya, kuma kawai ƙungiyar ma'adinan ma'adinai sun yi mafi kyau, ana kiyaye su a 11-12MPa.
Ana iya ganin cewa admixture yana da mummunar tasiri dangane da rabon indentation. Tare da karuwar adadin admixture, rabon indentation yana ƙaruwa a hankali, wato, turmi yana raguwa. HPMC na iya a fili rage matsi-ninka rabo da inganta brittleness na turmi.
Ana iya ganin cewa daga 28d matsawa ƙarfi, da admixture ya taka leda mafi bayyananne amfani sakamako a kan daga baya ƙarfi, da kuma matsawa ƙarfi ya karu da 3-5MPa, wanda shi ne yafi saboda micro-cike sakamako na admixture. da pozzolanic abu. Sakamakon hydration na biyu na kayan, a gefe guda, na iya amfani da cinye sinadarin calcium hydroxide da aka samar ta hanyar siminti hydration (calcium hydroxide wani lokaci mai rauni ne a cikin turmi, kuma haɓakar sa a cikin yankin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsaki yana da lahani ga ƙarfi). samar da ƙarin samfuran samar da ruwa, a gefe guda, suna haɓaka matakin hydration na siminti kuma yana sa turmi ya yi yawa. Har yanzu HPMC yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan ƙarfin matsawa, kuma ƙarfin rauni zai iya kaiwa fiye da 10MPa. Don nazarin dalilan, HPMC ya gabatar da wani adadin kumfa na iska a cikin tsarin hadawa na turmi, wanda ke rage girman jikin turmi. Wannan dalili daya ne. HPMC yana da sauƙin adsorbed a saman m barbashi don samar da wani fim, hana hydration tsari, da interface mika mulki yankin ne mai rauni, wanda ba conducive ga ƙarfi.
Ana iya ganin cewa dangane da ƙarfin sassauƙawar 28d, bayanan yana da yaduwa mafi girma fiye da ƙarfin matsawa, amma ana iya ganin mummunan tasirin HPMC.
Ana iya ganin cewa, daga ra'ayi na matsawa-raguwa rabo, HPMC yana da amfani gabaɗaya don rage raguwa-raguwa rabo da inganta taurin turmi. A cikin rukuni ɗaya, tare da ƙara yawan adadin admixtures, ma'anar matsawa-refraction yana ƙaruwa. Binciken dalilai ya nuna cewa haɗakarwa yana da ingantaccen haɓakawa a cikin ƙarfin matsawa na baya, amma ƙarancin haɓakawa a cikin ƙarfin juzu'i na baya, yana haifar da matsi-matsawa rabo. inganta.
4.2 Gwaje-gwajen ƙarfin matsi da sassauƙa na turmi mai ɗaure
Domin bincika tasirin ether cellulose da admixture a kan matsawa da ƙarfin sassauƙa na turmi mai ɗaure, gwajin ya daidaita abun ciki na cellulose ether HPMC (dankowar 100,000) kamar 0.30% na busassun nauyin turmi. kuma idan aka kwatanta da rukunin da ba komai.
Admixtures (fly ash da slag foda) har yanzu ana gwada su a 0%, 10%, 20%, da 30%.
4.2.1 Matsakaicin ƙarfi da tsarin gwajin ƙarfin sassauƙa na turmi mai ɗaure
4.2.2 Sakamakon gwaji da bincike na tasirin matsawa da ƙarfi na turmi mai ɗaurewa.
Ana iya gani daga gwajin cewa HPMC ba shi da kyau a fili dangane da ƙarfin 28d mai ƙarfi na turmi mai haɗawa, wanda zai sa ƙarfin ya ragu da kusan 5MPa, amma mabuɗin alama don yin la'akari da ingancin turmi mai haɗawa ba shine ƙarfin matsawa, don haka yana da karɓa; Lokacin da abun ciki na fili ya kasance 20%, ƙarfin matsawa yana da ingantacciyar manufa.
Ana iya gani daga gwajin cewa daga hangen nesa na ƙarfin sassauƙa, raguwar ƙarfin da HPMC ke haifarwa ba ta da girma. Wataƙila turmin haɗin gwiwa yana da ƙarancin ruwa mara kyau da bayyanannun halayen filastik idan aka kwatanta da turmi mai ƙarfi. Abubuwan da ke da kyau na zamewa da riƙewar ruwa da kyau suna daidaita wasu mummunan tasirin gabatar da iskar gas don rage ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ra'ayi; admixtures ba su da wani tasiri mai tasiri a kan ƙarfin sassauƙa, kuma bayanan ƙungiyar gardama suna jujjuyawa kaɗan.
Ana iya gani daga gwaje-gwajen cewa, dangane da yanayin raguwa-raguwa, gabaɗaya, haɓakar abin da ke cikin admixture yana ƙara yawan raguwa-raguwa, wanda ba shi da kyau ga taurin turmi; HPMC yana da tasiri mai kyau, wanda zai iya rage matsi-raguwa rabo ta O. 5 a sama, ya kamata a nuna cewa, bisa ga "JG 149.2003 Expanded Polystyrene Board Thin Plaster External Wall External Insulation System", babu wani abin da ake bukata na wajibi. domin matsawa-folding rabo a cikin ganewa index na bonding turmi, da matsawa-nadawa rabo ne yafi An yi amfani da su iyakance ga brittleness na plastering turmi, kuma wannan index ne kawai amfani da matsayin tunani ga sassauci na bonding. turmi.
4.3 Gwajin Ƙarfin Ƙarfi na Ƙarfin Ƙarfafawa
Don bincika tasirin tasirin tasirin aikace-aikacen ether na cellulose da admixture akan ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na turmi mai ɗaure, koma zuwa "JG/T3049.1998 Putty for Building Interior" da "JG 149.2003 Faɗaɗɗen Jirgin Polystyrene Thin Plastering Exterior Walls" Insulation. Tsarin", mun gudanar da gwajin ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na turmi mai haɗawa, ta yin amfani da madaidaicin turmi a cikin Tebur 4.2.1, da kuma gyara abun ciki na cellulose ether HPMC (dankowar 100,000) zuwa 0 na busassun nauyi na turmi .30% , kuma idan aka kwatanta da rukunin da ba komai.
Admixtures (fly ash da slag foda) har yanzu ana gwada su a 0%, 10%, 20%, da 30%.
4.3.1 Tsarin gwaji na ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na turmi
4.3.2 Sakamakon gwaji da nazarin ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na turmi
(1) Sakamakon gwajin ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na 14d na turmi mai haɗawa da turmi siminti
Za a iya gani daga gwajin cewa ƙungiyoyin da aka haɗa tare da HPMC sun fi rukunin da ba kowa ba, wanda ke nuna cewa HPMC yana da amfani ga ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa, musamman saboda tasirin riƙewar ruwa na HPMC yana kare ruwa a hanyar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin turmi da tubalin gwajin turmi siminti. Turmi mai haɗawa a wurin dubawa yana da cikakken ruwa, don haka ƙara ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa.
Dangane da admixtures, ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa yana da inganci sosai a kashi 10%, kuma kodayake ƙimar hydration da saurin simintin za a iya inganta shi a babban sashi, zai haifar da raguwar ƙimar hydration gabaɗaya na siminti. abu, don haka haifar da m. rage ƙarfin kulli.
Ana iya gani daga gwajin cewa dangane da ƙimar gwajin ƙarfin lokacin aiki, bayanan suna da ɗanɗano kaɗan, kuma haɗakarwa ba ta da tasiri kaɗan, amma gabaɗaya, idan aka kwatanta da ƙarfin asali, akwai raguwa kaɗan, kuma raguwar HPMC ya fi na rukunin da ba komai ba, yana nuna cewa an kammala cewa tasirin riƙewar ruwa na HPMC yana da amfani ga rage rarrabuwar ruwa, ta yadda raguwar ƙarfin haɗin turmi ya ragu bayan 2.5h.
(2) Sakamakon gwajin ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na 14d na turmi mai haɗawa da allon polystyrene mai faɗaɗa
Ana iya gani daga gwajin cewa ƙimar gwajin ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin turmi mai haɗawa da allon polystyrene ya fi hankali. Gabaɗaya, ana iya ganin cewa ƙungiyar da aka haɗe da HPMC ta fi tasiri fiye da rukunin da ba kowa ba saboda ingantaccen ruwa. Da kyau, haɗawa da admixtures yana rage kwanciyar hankali na gwajin ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa.
4.4 Takaitaccen Babi
1. Don babban turmi mai ruwa, tare da karuwar shekaru, ma'auni na matsawa yana da haɓaka zuwa sama; shigar da HPMC yana da tasirin gaske na rage ƙarfin (raguwar ƙarfin matsawa ya fi bayyane), wanda kuma yana haifar da Ragewar matsi-folding rabo, wato, HPMC yana da tabbataccen taimako don haɓaka taurin turmi. . Dangane da ƙarfin kwana uku, ash tashi da foda na ma'adinai na iya ba da gudummawa kaɗan ga ƙarfin a 10%, yayin da ƙarfin ya ragu a babban sashi, kuma ƙimar murkushewa yana ƙaruwa tare da haɓaka haɓakar ma'adinai; a cikin ƙarfin kwana bakwai, Admixtures biyu ba su da tasiri kaɗan akan ƙarfin, amma tasirin raguwar ƙarfin kudawa gabaɗaya har yanzu a bayyane yake; dangane da ƙarfin 28-day, nau'i-nau'i guda biyu sun ba da gudummawa ga ƙarfin ƙarfi, matsawa da haɓakawa. Dukansu sun ƙaru kaɗan, amma har yanzu adadin matsa lamba ya karu tare da karuwar abun ciki.
2. Domin 28d compressive da flexural ƙarfi na bonded turmi, a lokacin da admixture abun ciki ne 20%, da matsawa da flexural ƙarfin yi ne mafi alhẽri, da kuma admixture har yanzu take kaiwa zuwa wani karamin karuwa a cikin compressive-ninka rabo, nuna ta Adverse. tasiri akan taurin turmi; HPMC yana haifar da raguwar ƙarfi sosai, amma yana iya rage matsi-zuwa-ninka rabo.
3. Game da ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na turmi mai ɗaure, HPMC yana da wani tasiri mai kyau akan ƙarfin haɗin. Binciken ya kamata ya zama cewa tasirin sa na ruwa yana rage asarar turmi da kuma tabbatar da isasshen ruwa; Dangantaka tsakanin abun ciki na cakuda ba na yau da kullun ba ne, kuma aikin gabaɗaya ya fi kyau tare da turmi siminti lokacin da abun ciki ya kasance 10%.
Babi na 5 Hanya don Hasashen Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Turmi da Kankare
A cikin wannan babi, an gabatar da wata hanya don tsinkayar ƙarfin kayan tushen siminti dangane da haɓaka ayyukan haɗaka da ka'idar ƙarfin FERET. Da farko muna tunanin turmi a matsayin nau'in kankare na musamman ba tare da tari ba.
Sanannen abu ne cewa ƙarfin matsawa alama ce mai mahimmanci ga kayan da ake amfani da su na siminti (concrete da turmi) waɗanda aka yi amfani da su azaman kayan gini. Duk da haka, saboda abubuwa masu tasiri da yawa, babu wani samfurin lissafi wanda zai iya yin hasashen girmansa daidai. Wannan yana haifar da wasu rashin jin daɗi ga ƙira, samarwa da amfani da turmi da kankare. The data kasance model na kankare ƙarfi da nasu abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani: wasu tsinkaya ƙarfin kankare ta hanyar porosity na kankare daga na kowa ra'ayi na porosity na m kayan; wasu suna mai da hankali kan tasirin dangantakar rabon ruwa-binder akan ƙarfi. Wannan takarda galibi tana haɗa ƙimar aikin pozzolanic admixture tare da ka'idar ƙarfin Feret, kuma tana yin wasu gyare-gyare don sa ta fi dacewa da tsinkayar ƙarfin matsawa.
5.1 Ka'idar Ƙarfin Feret
A cikin 1892, Feret ya kafa farkon ƙirar lissafi don tsinkayar ƙarfin matsawa. Ƙarƙashin ƙaddamar da kayan da aka ba da siminti, tsarin tsinkayar ƙarfin kankare an gabatar da shi a karon farko.
Amfanin wannan dabarar ita ce, maida hankali na grout, wanda ke da alaƙa da ƙarfin kankare, yana da ma'anar ma'anar zahiri. A lokaci guda, ana la'akari da tasirin abubuwan da ke cikin iska, kuma ana iya tabbatar da daidaitaccen tsari a jiki. Dalilin wannan dabara shi ne cewa yana bayyana bayanin cewa akwai iyaka ga ƙarfin kankare da za a iya samu. Rashin hasara shi ne cewa ya yi watsi da tasiri na girman ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, siffar barbashi da nau'in tarawa. Lokacin tsinkayar ƙarfin kankare a shekaru daban-daban ta hanyar daidaita ƙimar K, alaƙar da ke tsakanin ƙarfi daban-daban da shekaru ana bayyana azaman saitin bambance-bambance ta hanyar haɗin kai. Kwangilar ba ta dace da ainihin halin da ake ciki ba (musamman lokacin da shekaru ya fi tsayi). Tabbas, wannan dabarar da Feret ya gabatar an tsara shi don turmi na 10.20MPa. Ba zai iya daidaitawa da haɓaka ƙarfin matsi na kankare ba da kuma tasirin haɓaka abubuwan haɓaka saboda ci gaban fasahar simintin turmi.
Ana la'akari da cewa ƙarfin siminti (musamman na siminti na yau da kullun) ya dogara ne akan ƙarfin turmin siminti a cikin siminti, kuma ƙarfin turmin simintin ya dogara ne akan yawan man simintin, wato, yawan adadin adadin kuzari. na siminti abu a cikin manna.
Ka'idar tana da alaƙa ta kut da kut da tasirin tasirin rabo mara kyau akan ƙarfi. Duk da haka, saboda an gabatar da ka'idar a baya, ba a yi la'akari da tasirin abubuwan haɗin gwiwa a kan ƙarfin kankare ba. Don ganin wannan, wannan takarda za ta gabatar da maƙasudin tasiri na admixture dangane da ƙimar aiki don gyara ɓangarori. A lokaci guda, akan wannan dabarar, ana sake gina tasirin tasirin porosity akan ƙarfin kankare.
5.2 Yawan aiki
Ana amfani da ƙimar aiki, Kp, don bayyana tasirin kayan pozzolanic akan ƙarfin matsawa. Babu shakka, ya dogara da yanayin kayan pozzolanic kanta, amma kuma akan shekarun siminti. Ka'idar ƙayyadaddun ƙididdiga na aiki shine kwatanta ƙarfin matsawa na daidaitaccen turmi tare da ƙarfin matsawa na wani turmi tare da pozzolanic admixtures da maye gurbin siminti tare da adadin siminti iri ɗaya (ƙasar p ita ce gwajin gwajin aiki. Yi amfani da surrogate). kashi). Adadin waɗannan intensities guda biyu ana kiransa aikin coefficient fO), inda t shine shekarun turmi a lokacin gwaji. Idan fO) bai kai 1 ba, aikin pozzolan bai kai na siminti r ba. Sabanin haka, idan fO) ya fi 1 girma, pozzolan yana da mafi girma reactivity (wannan yakan faru lokacin da aka ƙara fume silica).
Don ƙimar aikin da aka saba amfani da shi a ƙarfin matsawa na kwanaki 28, bisa ga ((GBT18046.2008 Granulated fashewa tanderun slag foda da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin siminti da kankare) H90, ƙimar aiki na granulated fashewa tanderun slag foda yana cikin daidaitaccen turmi siminti The ƙarfi rabo samu ta hanyar maye gurbin 50% ciminti bisa ga gwajin ((GBT1596.2005 Fly ash amfani da siminti da kankare), da aiki coefficient na gardama ash samu bayan maye gurbin 30% ciment a kan daidaitaccen turmi siminti; gwajin Bisa ga "GB.T27690.2011 Silica Fume for Mortar and Concrete", yawan aiki na silica fume shine ƙarfin ƙarfin da aka samu ta maye gurbin 10% ciminti bisa daidaitaccen gwajin turmi na siminti.
Gabaɗaya, granulated fashewa tanderun slag foda Kp=0.95～1.10, tashi ash Kp=0.7-1.05, silica fume Kp=1.00～1.15. Muna ɗauka cewa tasirinsa akan ƙarfin yana zaman kansa daga siminti. Wato, ya kamata a sarrafa tsarin halayen pozzolanic ta hanyar reactivity na pozzolan, ba ta hanyar hazo na lemun tsami na ciminti hydration ba.
5.3 Tasirin ƙididdiga na admixture akan ƙarfi
5.4 Tasirin adadin yawan ruwa akan ƙarfi
5.5 Tasirin ƙididdiga na jimlar abun da ke ciki akan ƙarfi
Bisa ga ra'ayoyin furofesoshi PK Mehta da PC Aitcin a Amurka, don cimma mafi kyawun aiki da kaddarorin ƙarfi na HPC a lokaci guda, ƙimar simintin slurry zuwa tara ya kamata ya zama 35:65 [4810] na gabaɗaya filastik da ruwa. Jimlar adadin jimlar siminti baya canzawa da yawa. Muddin ƙarfin haɗin ginin da kansa ya cika buƙatun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai, an yi watsi da tasirin jimlar jimlar a kan ƙarfin, kuma ana iya ƙaddara juzu'i na gaba ɗaya a cikin 60-70% bisa ga buƙatun slump. .
An yi imani da cewa rabo na m da lafiya aggregates zai yi wani tasiri a kan ƙarfin kankare. Kamar yadda muka sani, mafi raunin sashi a cikin kankare shine yanayin mu'amala tsakanin tarawa da siminti da sauran manna kayan siminti. Sabili da haka, gazawar ƙarshe na kankare na gama gari shine saboda lalacewar farko na yankin canjin yanayi a ƙarƙashin damuwa da ke haifar da abubuwa kamar nauyi ko canjin zafin jiki. lalacewa ta hanyar ci gaba da ci gaba da fasa. Sabili da haka, lokacin da matakin hydration ya yi kama, mafi girman yankin sauyawar mu'amala shine, mafi sauƙin fashewar farko zai haɓaka zuwa tsayin daka ta hanyar tsagewa bayan maida hankali. Wato, da ƙarin m aggregates tare da ƙarin na yau da kullum na geometric siffofi da kuma ya fi girma ma'auni a cikin mu'amala mika mulki yankin, da girma da danniya taro yiwuwa na farko fasa, da macroscopically bayyana cewa kankare ƙarfi yana ƙaruwa tare da karuwa da m tara. rabo. rage. Koyaya, abin da ke sama shine cewa ana buƙatar ya zama matsakaiciyar yashi mai ƙarancin laka.
Yawan yashi kuma yana da wani tasiri akan slump. Sabili da haka, ana iya saita ƙimar yashi ta buƙatun slump, kuma ana iya ƙaddara a cikin 32% zuwa 46% don kankare na yau da kullun.
Adadi da iri-iri na admixtures da ma'adinan ma'adinai an ƙaddara ta hanyar gwaji. A cikin siminti na yau da kullun, adadin ma'adinai ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da 40%, yayin da a cikin siminti mai ƙarfi, fume silica bai kamata ya wuce 10%. Adadin siminti kada ya wuce 500kg/m3.
5.6 Aiwatar da wannan hanyar tsinkaya don jagorar misalan lissafin ƙididdigewa
Kayayyakin da aka yi amfani da su sune kamar haka:
Simintin shine E042.5 siminti wanda Kamfanin Lubi Cement Factory, Laiwu City, lardin Shandong ya samar, kuma yawansa shine 3.19/cm3;
Tokar gardama ita ce ash ball II da Jinan Huangtai Power Plant ta samar, kuma yawan aikin sa shine O. 828, yawan sa shine 2.59/cm3;
Tushen silica wanda Shandong Sanmei Silicon Material Co., Ltd ya samar yana da ƙimar aiki na 1.10 da yawa na 2.59/cm3;
Yashi busasshen kogin Taian yana da yawa na 2.6 g/cm3, babban yawa na 1480kg/m3, da kuma modules mai kyau na Mx=2.8;
Jinan Ganggou yana samar da busasshen dakataccen dutse mai tsayin 5-'25mm tare da girma mai girman 1500kg/m3 da nauyin kusan 2.7∥cm3;
Maganin rage ruwa da aka yi amfani da shi shine mai samar da ruwa mai mahimmanci na aliphatic da kansa, tare da rage yawan ruwa na 20%; ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun gwaji ya dogara da buƙatun slump. Shirye-shiryen gwaji na kankare C30, ana buƙatar slump ya zama mafi girma fiye da 90mm.
1. Ƙarfin ƙira
2. ingancin yashi
3. Ƙaddara Abubuwan Tasirin Kowane Ƙarfi
4. Nemi amfani da ruwa
5. An daidaita sashi na wakili mai rage ruwa bisa ga buƙatun slump. Matsakaicin shine 1%, kuma Ma = 4kg yana ƙara zuwa ga taro.
6. Ta wannan hanyar, ana samun rabon lissafi
7. Bayan gwajin gwaji, zai iya saduwa da buƙatun slump. Ƙarfin matsawa na 28d da aka auna shine 39.32MPa, wanda ya dace da buƙatun.
5.7 Takaitaccen Babi
Game da yin watsi da hulɗar admixtures I da F, mun tattauna ƙa'idar aiki da ka'idar ƙarfin Feret, kuma mun sami tasirin abubuwa masu yawa akan ƙarfin kankare:
1 Concrete admixture rinjayar coefficient
2 Tasirin adadin yawan amfani da ruwa
3 Tasirin ƙididdiga na jimlar abun da ke ciki
4 Kwatanta ta ainihi. An tabbatar da cewa hanyar 28d ƙarfin tsinkayar simintin da aka inganta ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar aiki da ka'idar ƙarfin Feret yana cikin kyakkyawar yarjejeniya tare da ainihin halin da ake ciki, kuma ana iya amfani dashi don jagorantar shirye-shiryen turmi da kankare.
Babi na 6 Kammalawa da Magana
6.1 Babban ƙarshe
Kashi na farko yana kwatanta tsaftataccen slurry da gwajin ruwa na turmi na nau'ikan ma'adinai daban-daban waɗanda aka haɗe da nau'ikan ethers na cellulose guda uku, kuma ya sami waɗannan manyan dokoki:
1. Cellulose ether yana da wasu raguwa da tasirin iska. Daga cikin su, CMC yana da raunin riƙewar ruwa a ƙananan sashi, kuma yana da wani asarar lokaci; yayin da HPMC yana da mahimmancin riƙewar ruwa da tasiri mai kauri, wanda ke rage yawan ruwa na ɓangaren litattafan almara da turmi mai mahimmanci, kuma Sakamakon thickening na HPMC tare da babban danko mai ƙima ya ɗan bayyana.
2. Daga cikin admixtures, farkon da rabin sa'a ruwa ruwa na gardama a kan slurry da turmi mai tsabta an inganta zuwa wani matsayi. Ana iya ƙara abun ciki na 30% na gwajin slurry mai tsabta da kusan 30mm; da ruwa na ma'adinai foda a kan slurry mai tsabta da turmi Babu wani tabbataccen ka'idar tasiri; ko da yake abun ciki na silica fume ya yi ƙasa, musamman ultra-fineness, da sauri dauki, da kuma karfi adsorption sa shi yana da gagarumin raguwa sakamako a kan ruwa mai tsabta slurry da turmi, musamman idan aka haxa shi da 0.15 Lokacin% HPMC, za a sami al'amarin da cewa mazugi ya mutu ba za a iya cika. Idan aka kwatanta da sakamakon gwajin slurry mai tsabta, an gano cewa tasirin admixture a cikin gwajin turmi yana da rauni. Dangane da sarrafa zubar jini, tokar kuda da foda na ma'adinai ba a bayyane suke ba. Fume silica na iya rage yawan zubar jini sosai, amma ba shi da amfani ga rage yawan ruwa da asarar turmi a kan lokaci, kuma yana da sauƙin rage lokacin aiki.
3. A cikin daban-daban kewayon canji na sashi, abubuwan da ke shafar ruwa na slurry na tushen ciminti, adadin HPMC da fume silica sune abubuwan farko, duka a cikin sarrafa zub da jini da kuma kula da yanayin kwararar ruwa, sun bayyana a fili. Tasirin ash ash da kuma ma'adinai foda shine na biyu kuma yana taka rawar daidaitawa na taimako.
4. Nau'o'in ethers na cellulose guda uku suna da wani tasiri mai tasiri na iska, wanda zai haifar da kumfa don ambaliya a saman slurry mai tsabta. Duk da haka, lokacin da abun ciki na HPMC ya kai fiye da 0.1%, saboda babban danko na slurry, ba za a iya riƙe kumfa a cikin slurry ba. ambaliya. Za a sami kumfa a saman turmi tare da ruwa sama da 250ram, amma rukunin mara kyau ba tare da ether na cellulose gabaɗaya ba shi da kumfa ko ƙananan kumfa, yana nuna cewa ether cellulose yana da wani tasiri mai ɗaukar iska kuma yana sa slurry. danko. Bugu da kari, saboda da wuce kima danko na turmi tare da matalauta fluidity, yana da wuya ga iska kumfa zuwa iyo sama da kai-nauyin sakamako na slurry, amma an riƙe a cikin turmi, da kuma tasiri a kan ƙarfi ba zai iya zama. watsi.
Kashi na II Kayayyakin Injin Turmi
1. Don babban turmi mai ruwa, tare da karuwar shekaru, rabon murƙushe yana da haɓakar haɓaka; Bugu da ƙari na HPMC yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci na rage ƙarfin (raguwa a cikin ƙarfin matsawa ya fi bayyane), wanda kuma yana haifar da rushewar Ragewar rabo, wato, HPMC yana da taimako na musamman don inganta ƙarfin turmi. Dangane da ƙarfin kwana uku, ash tashi da foda na ma'adinai na iya ba da gudummawa kaɗan ga ƙarfin a 10%, yayin da ƙarfin ya ragu a babban sashi, kuma ƙimar murkushewa yana ƙaruwa tare da haɓaka haɓakar ma'adinai; a cikin ƙarfin kwana bakwai, Admixtures biyu ba su da tasiri kaɗan akan ƙarfin, amma tasirin raguwar ƙarfin kudawa gabaɗaya har yanzu a bayyane yake; dangane da ƙarfin 28-day, nau'i-nau'i guda biyu sun ba da gudummawa ga ƙarfin ƙarfi, matsawa da haɓakawa. Dukansu sun ƙaru kaɗan, amma har yanzu adadin matsa lamba ya karu tare da karuwar abun ciki.
2. Domin 28d compressive da flexural ƙarfi na bonded turmi, lokacin da admixture abun ciki ne 20%, da matsawa da flexural ƙarfi ne mafi alhẽri, da kuma admixture har yanzu kai ga wani karamin karuwa a cikin compressive-to-ninki rabo, yana nuna ta. tasiri akan turmi. Mummunan illa na tauri; HPMC yana haifar da raguwar ƙarfi sosai.
3. Game da ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na turmi mai ɗaure, HPMC yana da wani tasiri mai kyau akan ƙarfin haɗin. Binciken ya kamata ya zama cewa tasirin riƙewar ruwa yana rage asarar ruwa a cikin turmi kuma yana tabbatar da isasshen isasshen ruwa. Ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa yana da alaƙa da admixture. Dangantakar da ke tsakanin sashi ba na yau da kullun ba ne, kuma aikin gabaɗaya ya fi kyau tare da turmi ciminti lokacin da adadin ya kasance 10%.
4. CMC bai dace da kayan siminti na tushen siminti ba, tasirinsa na riƙe ruwa ba a bayyane yake ba, kuma a lokaci guda, yana sa turmi ya fi raguwa; yayin da HPMC na iya yadda ya kamata rage matsi-zuwa-ninki rabo da kuma inganta taurin turmi, amma yana a cikin kudi na wani gagarumin raguwa a matsawa ƙarfi.
5. Cikakken ruwa da buƙatun ƙarfi, abun ciki na HPMC na 0.1% ya fi dacewa. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ash mai ƙarfi don tsari ko ƙarfafa turmi wanda ke buƙatar ƙarfafawa da sauri da ƙarfin farko, adadin bai kamata ya yi girma ba, kuma matsakaicin adadin shine kusan 10%. Bukatun; la'akari da dalilai irin su rashin kwanciyar hankali na ma'adinai foda da silica fume, ya kamata a sarrafa su a 10% da n 3% bi da bi. Sakamakon admixtures da cellulose ethers ba su da alaƙa sosai, tare da
suna da tasiri mai zaman kansa.
Kashi na uku Game da yin watsi da hulɗar tsakanin admixtures, ta hanyar tattaunawa game da ƙimar aiki na ma'adinai admixtures da ka'idar ƙarfin Feret, ana samun tasirin tasirin dalilai masu yawa akan ƙarfin kankare (turmi):
1. Mineral Admixture Influence Coefficient
2. Influence coefficient na ruwa amfani
3. Tasirin abun da ke tattare da tarawa
4. Ainihin kwatancen yana nuna cewa hanyar tsinkayar ƙarfin ƙarfin 28d na kankare inganta ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar aiki da ka'idar ƙarfin ƙarfin Feret yana cikin kyakkyawar yarjejeniya tare da ainihin halin da ake ciki, kuma ana iya amfani dashi don jagorantar shirye-shiryen turmi da kankare.
6.2 Rawanci da Halaye
Wannan takarda ta fi yin nazari akan yawan ruwa da kaddarorin injina na manna mai tsabta da turmi na tsarin siminti na binary. Tasiri da tasiri na aikin haɗin gwiwa na kayan siminti masu yawa da yawa suna buƙatar ƙarin nazarin. A cikin hanyar gwaji, ana iya amfani da daidaiton turmi da ƙima. Tasirin ether cellulose akan daidaito da riƙewar ruwa na turmi ana nazarin digiri na ether cellulose. Bugu da kari, microstructure na turmi a karkashin mahadi mataki na cellulose ether da ma'adinai admixture kuma za a yi nazari.
Cellulose ether yanzu yana daya daga cikin abubuwan da ba dole ba ne a hade na turmi daban-daban. Kyakkyawan tasirinsa na riƙe ruwa yana tsawaita lokacin aiki na turmi, yana sa turmi ya sami thixotropy mai kyau, kuma yana inganta taurin turmi. Ya dace don ginawa; da aikace-aikacen tokar kuda da foda na ma'adinai a matsayin sharar masana'antu a cikin turmi kuma na iya haifar da fa'idodin tattalin arziki da muhalli
Babi na 1 Gabatarwa
1.1 turmi kayayyaki
1.1.1 Gabatarwar turmi kasuwanci
A cikin masana'antar kayan gini na ƙasata, siminti ya sami babban matsayi na kasuwanci, kuma cinikin turmi kuma yana ƙaruwa sosai, musamman ga turmi daban-daban na musamman, masana'antun da ke da ƙarfin fasaha don tabbatar da turmi daban-daban. Alamun aikin sun cancanta. Turmi kasuwanci ya kasu kashi biyu: turmi mai gauraya da busasshen turmi. Turmi da aka shirya yana nufin ana jigilar turmi zuwa wurin aikin bayan an haɗa shi da ruwa da mai ba da kaya a gaba kamar yadda ake buƙata, yayin da turmi mai gauraya da busassun busassun kayan aikin siminti ya kera su. aggregates da additives bisa ga wani rabo. Ƙara wani adadin ruwa zuwa wurin ginin kuma a haɗa shi kafin amfani.
Turmi na gargajiya yana da rauni da yawa a amfani da aiki. Misali, tara kayan albarkatun kasa da hadawa a kan wurin ba za su iya biyan bukatun gini na wayewa da kare muhalli ba. Bugu da ƙari, saboda yanayin gine-ginen kan layi da wasu dalilai, yana da sauƙi don tabbatar da ingancin turmi mai wuyar gaske, kuma ba shi yiwuwa a sami babban aiki. turmi. Idan aka kwatanta da turmi na gargajiya, turmi na kasuwanci yana da wasu fa'idodi a bayyane. Da farko, ingancinsa yana da sauƙin sarrafawa da garanti, aikin sa ya fi girma, ana tsabtace nau'ikan sa, kuma an fi niyya da buƙatun injiniya. An samar da turmi mai bushe-bushe na Turai a cikin 1950s, kuma ƙasata kuma tana ba da shawarar yin amfani da turmi na kasuwanci. Shanghai ya riga ya yi amfani da turmi na kasuwanci a shekara ta 2004. Tare da ci gaba da ci gaban tsarin birane na kasata, a kalla a kasuwannin birane, babu makawa cewa turmi na kasuwanci tare da fa'ida iri-iri ya maye gurbin turmi na gargajiya.
1.1.2Matsalolin dake wanzuwa a turmi kasuwanci
Kodayake turmi na kasuwanci yana da fa'idodi da yawa akan turmi na gargajiya, har yanzu akwai matsalolin fasaha da yawa kamar turmi. Babban turmi mai ƙarfi, irin su turmi ƙarfafa, kayan grouting na tushen ciminti, da sauransu, suna da matuƙar buƙatu akan ƙarfi da aikin aiki, don haka amfani da superplasticizers yana da girma, wanda zai haifar da zubar jini mai tsanani kuma yana shafar turmi. m aiki; da kuma wasu robobin robobi, saboda suna da matukar damuwa da asarar ruwa, yana da sauki a samu raguwar aiki sosai sakamakon asarar ruwa a cikin kankanin lokaci bayan hadawa, kuma lokacin aiki yana da gajere sosai: Bugu da kari. , Domin Game da bonding turmi, da bonding matrix ne sau da yawa in mun gwada da bushe. A lokacin aikin ginin, saboda ƙarancin ikon turmi don riƙe ruwa, babban adadin ruwa za a sha ta matrix, wanda zai haifar da ƙarancin ruwa na gida na turmi mai haɗawa da rashin isasshen ruwa. Lamarin cewa ƙarfin yana raguwa kuma ƙarfin mannewa yana raguwa.
Don amsa tambayoyin da ke sama, ana amfani da wani muhimmin ƙari, ether cellulose, a cikin turmi. Kamar yadda wani irin etherified cellulose, cellulose ether yana da kusanci ga ruwa, da kuma wannan polymer fili yana da kyau kwarai ruwa sha da ruwa riƙe ikon, wanda zai iya da kyau warware zub da jini na turmi, short lokacin aiki, stickiness, da dai sauransu Rashin isasshen kulli ƙarfi da yawa wasu. matsaloli.
Bugu da kari, admixtures a matsayin m maimakon siminti, kamar gardama ash, granulated fashewa tanderu slag foda (ma'adinai foda), silica fume, da dai sauransu, yanzu da kuma mafi muhimmanci. Mun san cewa yawancin abubuwan da aka haɗa su ne ta hanyar masana'antu irin su wutar lantarki, ƙarfe mai narkewa, ferrosilicon mai narkewa da silicon masana'antu. Idan ba za a iya amfani da su gaba ɗaya ba, tarawar abubuwan da aka haɗa za su mamaye da lalata ƙasa mai yawa kuma suna haifar da mummunar lalacewa. gurbatar muhalli. A gefe guda kuma, idan aka yi amfani da abubuwan da aka haɗa da kyau, za a iya inganta wasu kaddarorin siminti da turmi, kuma ana iya magance wasu matsalolin injiniya a aikace-aikacen siminti da turmi da kyau. Sabili da haka, aikace-aikacen da yawa na admixtures yana da amfani ga muhalli da masana'antu. suna da amfani.
1.2Cellulose ethers
Cellulose ether (cellulose ether) wani fili ne na polymer tare da tsarin ether wanda aka samar ta hanyar etherification na cellulose. Kowane zobe na glucosyl a cikin macromolecules cellulose ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin hydroxyl guda uku, rukunin farko na hydroxyl akan atom na shida na carbon, ƙungiyar hydroxyl ta biyu akan atom ɗin carbon na biyu da na uku, kuma hydrogen a cikin rukunin hydroxyl an maye gurbinsu da ƙungiyar hydrocarbon don samar da ether cellulose. abubuwan da aka samo asali. abu. Cellulose wani fili ne na polyhydroxy polymer wanda baya narkewa kuma baya narkewa, amma ana iya narkar da cellulose a cikin ruwa, dilute alkali solution da sauran sauran ƙarfi bayan etherification, kuma yana da wani thermoplasticity.
Cellulose ether yana ɗaukar cellulose na halitta azaman ɗanyen abu kuma an shirya shi ta hanyar gyare-gyaren sinadarai. An rarraba shi zuwa nau'i biyu: ionic da wadanda ba na ionic a cikin nau'i na ionized. Ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin sinadarai, man fetur, gini, magunguna, yumbu da sauran masana'antu. .
1.2.1Rarraba ethers cellulose don ginawa
Cellulose ether don ginawa shine babban lokaci don jerin samfurori da aka samar ta hanyar amsawar alkali cellulose da etherifying wakili a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi. Ana iya samun nau'ikan ethers na cellulose daban-daban ta maye gurbin alkali cellulose tare da ma'auni daban-daban na etherifying.
1. Bisa ga kaddarorin ionization na masu maye gurbin, ana iya raba ethers cellulose zuwa kashi biyu: ionic (irin su carboxymethyl cellulose) da wadanda ba ionic (irin su methyl cellulose).
2. Dangane da nau'ikan maye gurbin, ana iya raba ethers cellulose zuwa ethers guda ɗaya (kamar methyl cellulose) da kuma gauraye ethers (irin su hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose).
3. A cewar daban-daban solubility, an raba shi zuwa ruwa-soluble (kamar hydroxyethyl cellulose) da Organic ƙarfi solubility (kamar ethyl cellulose), da dai sauransu Babban aikace-aikace nau'i a bushe-mixed turmi ne ruwa-soluble cellulose, yayin da ruwa. -Soluble cellulose An raba shi zuwa nau'in nan take da kuma jinkirin rushewar nau'in bayan jiyya na saman.
1.2.2 Bayanin tsarin aikin ether cellulose a cikin turmi
Cellulose ether shine maɓalli mai mahimmanci don haɓaka kayan ajiyar ruwa na busassun busassun turmi, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin maɓalli don ƙayyade farashin busassun kayan turmi.
1. Bayan da ether cellulose a cikin turmi aka narkar da a cikin ruwa, da musamman surface aiki tabbatar da cewa siminti abu ne yadda ya kamata da kuma uniformly tarwatsa a cikin slurry tsarin, da cellulose ether, a matsayin m colloid, iya "encapsulate" m barbashi, Ta haka ne. , An samar da fim mai lubricating a saman waje, kuma fim din mai lubricating zai iya sa jikin turmi ya sami thixotropy mai kyau. Wato ƙarar tana da ƙarfi sosai a cikin yanayin tsaye, kuma ba za a sami wasu munanan al'amura kamar zub da jini ko maƙarƙashiya na haske da abubuwa masu nauyi ba, wanda ke sa tsarin turmi ya kasance da ƙarfi; yayin da yake cikin yanayin gine-gine mai tayar da hankali, ether cellulose zai taka rawa wajen rage raguwa na slurry. Tasirin juriya mai canzawa yana sa turmi ya sami ruwa mai kyau da santsi yayin gini yayin tsarin hadawa.
2. Saboda halaye na tsarin kwayoyin halitta, maganin cellulose ether zai iya ajiye ruwa kuma ba zai iya ɓacewa cikin sauƙi ba bayan an haɗa shi a cikin turmi, kuma za a saki a hankali a cikin dogon lokaci, wanda ya tsawaita lokacin aiki na turmi. kuma yana ba turmi kyakkyawan tanadin ruwa da aiki.
1.2.3 Mahimman matakan ginin cellulose ethers
1. Methyl Cellulose (MC)
Bayan an yi amfani da auduga mai ladabi tare da alkali, ana amfani da methyl chloride a matsayin wakili na etherifying don yin ether cellulose ta jerin halayen. Matsayin maye gurbin gabaɗaya shine 1. Narke 2.0, matakin maye gurbin ya bambanta kuma solubility shima daban. Ya kasance na ether maras ionic cellulose.
2. Hydroxyethyl Cellulose (HEC)
An shirya shi ta hanyar amsawa tare da ethylene oxide a matsayin wakili na etherifying a gaban acetone bayan an kula da auduga mai ladabi tare da alkali. Matsakaicin maye gaba ɗaya shine 1.5 zuwa 2.0. Yana da karfi hydrophilicity kuma yana da sauƙin sha danshi.
3. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose wani nau'in cellulose ne wanda fitarwa da amfaninsa ke karuwa cikin sauri a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Yana da ether wanda ba na ionic cellulose ba wanda aka yi daga auduga mai ladabi bayan maganin alkali, ta yin amfani da propylene oxide da methyl chloride a matsayin ma'aikatan etherifying, kuma ta hanyar jerin halayen. Matsakaicin maye gaba ɗaya shine 1.2 zuwa 2.0. Kaddarorinsa sun bambanta bisa ga rabon abun ciki na methoxyl da abun ciki na hydroxypropyl.
4. Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
Ionic cellulose ether an shirya shi daga filaye na halitta (auduga, da dai sauransu) bayan maganin alkali, ta yin amfani da sodium monochloroacetate a matsayin wakili na etherifying, kuma ta hanyar jerin jiyya na amsawa. Matsakaicin maye gaba ɗaya shine 0.4-d. 4. Ayyukansa yana tasiri sosai da matakin maye gurbin.
Daga cikin su, nau'i na uku da na hudu su ne nau'in cellulose guda biyu da ake amfani da su a wannan gwaji.
1.2.4 Matsayin Ci gaba na Masana'antar Cellulose Ether
Bayan shekaru na ci gaba, kasuwar cellulose ether a cikin kasashen da suka ci gaba ta zama balagagge, kuma kasuwa a cikin kasashe masu tasowa har yanzu yana cikin ci gaba, wanda zai zama babban abin da zai haifar da ci gaban amfani da ether na cellulose a duniya a nan gaba. A halin yanzu, jimillar damar samar da ether a duniya ya zarce tan miliyan 1, inda Turai ke da kashi 35% na yawan amfanin duniya, sai Asiya da Arewacin Amurka. Carboxymethyl cellulose ether (CMC) shine babban nau'in mabukaci, yana lissafin 56% na jimlar, sannan methyl cellulose ether (MC/HPMC) da hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEC), suna lissafin 56% na jimlar. 25% da 12%. Masana'antar ether cellulose na waje suna da gasa sosai. Bayan haɗe-haɗe da yawa, abubuwan da aka fitar sun fi mayar da hankali ne a cikin manyan kamfanoni da yawa, irin su Dow Chemical Company da Kamfanin Hercules a Amurka, Akzo Nobel a Netherlands, Noviant a Finland da DAICEL a Japan, da sauransu.
kasata ita ce mafi girma a duniya mai samarwa da masu amfani da ether cellulose, tare da matsakaicin girma na shekara-shekara fiye da 20%. Bisa kididdigar farko, akwai kusan kamfanonin samar da ether 50 a kasar Sin. Ƙarfin da aka tsara na masana'antar ether na cellulose ya wuce tan 400,000, kuma akwai kimanin kamfanoni 20 da ke da karfin fiye da ton 10,000, musamman a Shandong, Hebei, Chongqing da Jiangsu. , Zhejiang, Shanghai da sauran wurare. A shekarar 2011, karfin samar da CMC na kasar Sin ya kai tan 300,000. Tare da karuwar buƙatun ethers na cellulose masu inganci a cikin magunguna, abinci, sinadarai na yau da kullun da sauran masana'antu a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, buƙatun gida na sauran samfuran ether cellulose ban da CMC yana ƙaruwa. Ya fi girma, ƙarfin MC/HPMC yana da kusan tan 120,000, kuma ƙarfin HEC yana da kusan tan 20,000. PAC har yanzu yana kan matakin haɓakawa da aikace-aikace a China. Tare da bunƙasa manyan rijiyoyin mai a teku da haɓaka kayan gini, abinci, sinadarai da sauran masana'antu, adadin da filin PAC yana ƙaruwa kuma yana ƙaruwa kowace shekara, tare da ikon samar da fiye da ton 10,000.
1.3Bincike akan aikace-aikacen ether cellulose zuwa turmi
Game da bincike na aikace-aikacen injiniya na cellulose ether a cikin masana'antar gine-gine, masana na gida da na waje sun gudanar da bincike mai yawa na gwaji da bincike na fasaha.
1.3.1Taƙaitaccen gabatarwar bincike na ƙasashen waje akan aikace-aikacen ether cellulose zuwa turmi
Laetitia Patural, Philippe Marchal da sauransu a Faransa sun nuna cewa ether cellulose yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci a kan riƙe ruwa na turmi, kuma tsarin tsarin shine mabuɗin, kuma nauyin kwayoyin shine mabuɗin don sarrafa ruwa da daidaito. Tare da karuwar nauyin kwayoyin halitta, yawan damuwa yana raguwa, daidaito yana ƙaruwa, kuma aikin riƙewar ruwa yana ƙaruwa; akasin haka, matakin maye gurbin molar (wanda ke da alaƙa da abun ciki na hydroxyethyl ko hydroxypropyl) yana da ɗan tasiri akan riƙe ruwa na busassun turmi mai gauraya. Koyaya, ethers cellulose tare da ƙananan digiri na molar canji sun inganta riƙe ruwa.
Muhimmiyar ƙarshe game da tsarin riƙe ruwa shine cewa halayen rheological na turmi suna da mahimmanci. Ana iya gani daga sakamakon gwajin cewa don busassun turmi mai gauraya tare da ƙayyadaddun rabo-ciminti na ruwa da abun ciki na admixture, aikin riƙewar ruwa gabaɗaya yana da daidaitattun daidaitattun daidaito. Duk da haka, ga wasu ethers cellulose, yanayin ba a bayyane yake ba; Bugu da kari, ga sitaci ethers, akwai wani m juna. Dankowar sabon cakuda ba shine kawai siga don tantance riƙe ruwa ba.
Laetitia Patural, Patrice Potion, et al., Tare da taimakon pulsed filin gradient da MRI dabaru, gano cewa danshi ƙaura a ke dubawa na turmi da unsaturated substrate yana shafan ƙari na ƙaramin adadin CE. Asarar ruwa yana faruwa ne saboda aikin capillary maimakon yaduwar ruwa. Ƙaurawar danshi ta hanyar aikin capillary ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar matsa lamba na micropore, wanda bi da bi yana ƙaddara ta girman micropore da tashin hankali tsakanin ka'idar Laplace, da kuma dankowar ruwa. Wannan yana nuna cewa kaddarorin rheological na maganin ruwa na CE sune mabuɗin aikin riƙe ruwa. Duk da haka, wannan hasashe ya ci karo da wasu ijma'i (sauran tackifiers kamar manyan polyethylene oxide da sitaci ethers ba su da tasiri kamar CE).
Jean. Yves Petit, Erie Wirquin et al. amfani da ether cellulose ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje, kuma 2% bayani danko daga 5000 zuwa 44500mpa. S daga MC da HEMC. Nemo:
1. Don ƙayyadadden adadin CE, nau'in CE yana da babban tasiri akan ɗankowar turmi mai ɗaure don tayal. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gasa tsakanin CE da tarwatsa foda na polymer don tallan simintin siminti.
2. Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaddamarwa na CE da foda na roba yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan lokacin saiti da spalling lokacin da lokacin ginin ya kasance 20-30min.
3. Ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa yana tasiri ta hanyar haɗin CE da foda na roba. Lokacin da fim ɗin CE ba zai iya hana ƙawancen danshi ba a mahaɗin tayal da turmi, mannewa a ƙarƙashin babban zafin jiki yana raguwa.
4. Ya kamata a yi la'akari da daidaitawa da hulɗar CE da foda polymer foda a lokacin da za a zayyana ma'auni na turmi mai laushi don tayal.
LschmitzC na Jamus. J. Dr. H (a) cker da aka ambata a cikin labarin cewa HPMC da HEMC a cikin ether cellulose suna da muhimmiyar rawa wajen riƙe ruwa a cikin busassun busassun turmi. Baya ga tabbatar da ingantacciyar alamar riƙewar ruwa na ether cellulose, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da gyare-gyaren ethers Cellulose ana amfani da su don haɓakawa da haɓaka kayan aiki na turmi da kaddarorin busassun turmi da taurin.
1.3.2Taƙaitaccen gabatarwar bincike na gida akan aikace-aikacen ether cellulose zuwa turmi
Xin Quanchang daga Jami'ar gine-gine da fasaha na Xi'an ya yi nazari kan tasirin polymers daban-daban a kan wasu kaddarorin haɗin gwiwar turmi, kuma ya gano cewa yin amfani da kayan aiki na polymer foda da kuma hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether ba wai kawai inganta aikin turmi ba, amma Hakanan za'a iya rage sashi na farashi; Sakamakon gwajin ya nuna cewa lokacin da abun ciki na redispersible latex foda yana sarrafawa a 0.5%, kuma abun ciki na hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether yana sarrafawa a 0.2%, turmi da aka shirya yana da tsayayya ga lankwasawa. kuma ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa ya fi shahara, kuma suna da kyakkyawan sassauci da filastik.
Farfesa Ma Baoguo na Jami'ar Fasaha ta Wuhan ya yi nuni da cewa, ether cellulose yana da tasiri mai tsauri a fili, kuma yana iya yin tasiri ga tsarin tsarin samar da ruwa da tsarin ramin siminti; ether cellulose yafi adsorbed a saman siminti barbashi don samar da wani shãmaki sakamako. Yana hana haɓakawa da haɓaka samfuran hydration; a gefe guda, ether cellulose yana hana ƙaura da yaduwa na ions saboda tasirinsa na fili yana ƙaruwa, don haka jinkirta jinkirin ciminti zuwa wani matsayi; cellulose ether yana da kwanciyar hankali alkali.
Jian Shouwei na Jami'ar Fasaha ta Wuhan ya kammala da cewa, rawar da CE ta taka a turmi ta fi bayyana ne ta bangarori uku: kyakkyawan karfin rike ruwa, yin tasiri kan daidaiton turmi da thixotropy, da daidaita yanayin rheology. CE ba wai kawai yana ba da turmi kyakkyawan aikin aiki ba, har ma don rage farkon hydration zafi sakin siminti da jinkirta aiwatar da aikin hydration na siminti, ba shakka, dangane da nau'ikan amfani da turmi daban-daban, akwai kuma bambance-bambance a cikin hanyoyin kimanta aikin sa. .
Ana amfani da turmi da aka gyara na CE ta hanyar turmi mai-baƙi a cikin busassun turmi na yau da kullun (kamar bulo mai ɗaure, sabulu, turmi mai laushi na bakin ciki, da sauransu). Wannan tsari na musamman yana yawanci tare da saurin asarar ruwa na turmi. A halin yanzu, babban binciken yana mai da hankali ne kan mannen fale-falen fuska, kuma akwai ƙarancin bincike kan sauran nau'ikan gyare-gyaren turmi-Layer CE.
Su Lei daga Jami'ar Fasaha ta Wuhan an samu ta hanyar gwajin gwaji na adadin ajiyar ruwa, asarar ruwa da saita lokacin turmi da aka gyara da ether cellulose. Yawan ruwa yana raguwa a hankali, kuma lokacin coagulation yana tsawaita; lokacin da adadin ruwan ya kai O. Bayan kashi 6%, canjin adadin ruwa da asarar ruwa ba a bayyana ba, kuma lokacin saitawa ya kusan ninka sau biyu; kuma binciken gwaji na ƙarfin matsawa ya nuna cewa lokacin da abun ciki na ether cellulose ya kasance ƙasa da 0.8%, abun ciki na ether cellulose yana ƙasa da 0.8%. Ƙarawa zai rage mahimmancin ƙarfin matsawa; kuma dangane da aikin haɗin gwiwa tare da katako na siminti, O. A ƙasa da 7% na abun ciki, haɓakar abun ciki na ether cellulose zai iya inganta ingantaccen haɗin gwiwa.
Lai Jianqing na Xiamen Hongye Engineering Construction Technology Co., Ltd. yayi nazari kuma ya kammala cewa, mafi kyawun sashi na ether cellulose lokacin la'akari da adadin ruwa da daidaito shine 0 ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwaje a kan ƙimar riƙe ruwa, ƙarfi da ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa. EPS thermal insulation turmi. 2%; ether cellulose yana da tasiri mai karfi na iska, wanda zai haifar da raguwar ƙarfi, musamman ma raguwar ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa, don haka ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da shi tare da foda polymer redispersible.
Yuan Wei da Qin Min na Cibiyar Binciken Kayayyakin Ginin Xinjiang sun gudanar da gwajin gwaji da aikace-aikace na ether cellulose a cikin kankare mai kumfa. Sakamakon gwajin ya nuna cewa HPMC yana haɓaka aikin riƙe ruwa na sabon simintin kumfa kuma yana rage yawan asarar ruwa na simintin kumfa mai taurin; HPMC na iya rage slump asarar sabo ne kumfa kankare da kuma rage ji na cakude zuwa zazzabi. ; HPMC za ta rage matsa lamba ƙarfi na kumfa kankare. A ƙarƙashin yanayin warkewa na halitta, wani takamaiman adadin HPMC zai iya inganta ƙarfin samfurin zuwa wani ɗan lokaci.
Li Yuhai na Wacker Polymer Materials Co., Ltd. ya nuna cewa nau'i da adadin foda na latex, nau'in ether na cellulose da yanayin warkewa suna da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan tasirin juriya na plastering. Tasirin ethers cellulose akan ƙarfin tasiri kuma ba shi da kyau idan aka kwatanta da abun ciki na polymer da yanayin warkewa.
Yin Qingli na AkzoNobel Specialty Chemicals (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. ya yi amfani da Bermocoll PADl, wani gyare-gyare na musamman na polystyrene board bonding cellulose ether, don gwajin, wanda ya dace da turmi na haɗin gwiwa na tsarin rufin bango na waje na EPS. Bermocoll PADl na iya inganta ƙarfin haɗin kai tsakanin turmi da allon polystyrene ban da duk ayyukan ether cellulose. Ko da a cikin yanayin ƙananan sashi, ba kawai zai iya inganta riƙewar ruwa da kuma aiki na sabon turmi ba, amma kuma zai iya inganta ƙarfin haɗin kai na asali da ƙarfin haɗin ruwa mai tsayayya da ruwa tsakanin turmi da katako na polystyrene saboda na musamman anchoring. fasaha. . Duk da haka, ba zai iya inganta tasirin tasirin turmi da aikin haɗin gwiwa tare da allon polystyrene ba. Don inganta waɗannan kaddarorin, ya kamata a yi amfani da foda na latex wanda za'a iya rarrabawa.
Wang Peiming daga Jami'ar Tongji ya yi nazarin tarihin ci gaban turmi na kasuwanci kuma ya nuna cewa cellulose ether da latex foda suna da tasiri maras kyau a kan alamomin aikin kamar riƙe ruwa, ƙarfin sassauci da matsawa, da kuma na'urorin roba na busassun foda na kasuwanci.
Zhang Lin da sauran na Shantou Special Economic Zone Longhu Technology Co., Ltd. sun kammala cewa, a cikin bonding turmi na fadada polystyrene allon bakin ciki plastering waje bango waje thermal insulation tsarin (watau Eqos tsarin), an ba da shawarar cewa ganiya adadin. na roba foda zama 2.5% shine iyaka; ƙananan danko, ingantaccen ether cellulose yana da babban taimako ga haɓaka ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na taimako na turmi mai tauri.
Zhao Liqun na Cibiyar Binciken Gine-gine ta Shanghai (Group) Co., Ltd., ya yi nuni a cikin labarin cewa, ether cellulose na iya inganta yadda ruwa yake da shi sosai, da kuma rage yawan yawa da karfin turmi, da kuma tsawaita wurin da ake samu. lokacin turmi. A ƙarƙashin yanayi iri ɗaya, ether cellulose tare da babban danko yana da amfani ga haɓaka ƙimar riƙe ruwa na turmi, amma ƙarfin matsawa yana raguwa sosai kuma lokacin saita lokaci ya fi tsayi. Foda mai kauri da ether cellulose suna kawar da fashewar robobin filastik ta hanyar inganta riƙon ruwa na turmi.
Jami'ar Fuzhou Huang Lipin et al sunyi nazarin doping na hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether da ethylene. Kaddarorin jiki da ilimin halittar giciye na gyare-gyaren turmi siminti na vinyl acetate copolymer latex foda. An gano cewa ether cellulose yana da kyakkyawar riƙewar ruwa, juriya na ruwa da kuma tasiri mai ban sha'awa na iska, yayin da abubuwan da ke rage ruwa na latex foda da haɓaka kayan aikin injiniya na turmi sun fi shahara. Tasirin gyare-gyare; kuma akwai kewayon sashi mai dacewa tsakanin polymers.
Ta hanyar jerin gwaje-gwaje, Chen Qian da sauransu daga Hubei Baoye Construction Industrialization Co., Ltd. sun tabbatar da cewa tsawaita lokacin motsa jiki da haɓaka saurin motsa jiki na iya ba da cikakkiyar wasa ga rawar ether na cellulose a cikin turmi mai gauraya, inganta haɓakar haɓaka. aiki na turmi, da kuma inganta lokacin motsa jiki. Gudun gajere ko jinkirin da yawa zai sa turmi ya yi wuyar ginawa; Zaɓin ether ɗin cellulose daidai zai iya inganta aikin aiki na turmi da aka shirya.
Li Sihan daga Jami'ar Shenyang Jianzhu da sauransu sun gano cewa hada-hadar ma'adinai na iya rage bushewar nakasar turmi da kuma inganta kayan aikinta; rabo daga lemun tsami zuwa yashi yana da tasiri a kan kayan aikin injiniya da raguwar adadin turmi; redispersible polymer foda zai iya inganta turmi. Tsayawa juriya, inganta mannewa, ƙarfin sassauƙa, haɗin kai, juriya mai tasiri da juriya, inganta haɓakar ruwa da aiki; ether cellulose yana da tasirin iska, wanda zai iya inganta riƙewar ruwa na turmi; Fiber na itace na iya inganta turmi Inganta sauƙin amfani, aiki, da aikin hana zamewa, da haɓaka aikin gini. Ta ƙara daban-daban admixtures don gyare-gyare, kuma ta hanyar m rabo, crack-resistant turmi ga waje bango thermal rufi tsarin tare da kyakkyawan aiki za a iya shirya.
Yang Lei na jami'ar fasaha ta Henan ya hada HEMC a cikin turmi, ya gano cewa yana da ayyuka biyu na kiyaye ruwa da kuma kauri, wanda ke hana simintin da ke cikin iska daga saurin tsotse ruwan da ke cikin turmin plastering, da kuma tabbatar da cewa siminti a cikin turmi yana da ruwa sosai, yana yin turmi Haɗin tare da kankare mai ƙura yana da yawa kuma ƙarfin haɗin ya fi girma; yana iya rage ɓacin rai na plastering turmi don aerated kankare. Lokacin da aka ƙara HEMC a cikin turmi, ƙarfin sassauƙa na turmi ya ragu kaɗan, yayin da ƙarfin daɗaɗɗen ya ragu sosai, kuma madaidaicin nau'in nau'in nau'i na nau'i ya nuna yanayin sama, wanda ke nuna cewa ƙara HEMC zai iya inganta taurin turmi.
Li Yanling da wasu daga Jami'ar Fasaha ta Henan sun gano cewa an inganta kayan aikin injin da aka haɗa turmi idan aka kwatanta da turmi na yau da kullun, musamman ma ƙarfin haɗin turmi, lokacin da aka ƙara haɗakar da abun ciki (abin da ke cikin ether cellulose ya kasance 0.15%). Ya ninka sau 2.33 na turmi na yau da kullun.
Ma Baoguo daga Jami'ar Fasaha ta Wuhan da sauransu sun yi nazarin tasirin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan emulsion na styrene-acrylic, rarrabuwar polymer foda, da ether hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether akan yawan ruwa, ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa da taurin siraren plastering. , gano cewa lokacin da abun ciki na styrene-acrylic emulsion ya kasance 4% zuwa 6%, ƙarfin haɗin gwiwar turmi ya kai mafi kyawun darajar, kuma ma'auni-folding rabo shine mafi ƙanƙanta; abun ciki na ether cellulose ya karu zuwa O. A 4%, ƙarfin haɗin turmi ya kai ga jikewa, kuma matsi-folding rabo shine mafi ƙanƙanta; lokacin da abun ciki na roba foda shine 3%, ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na turmi shine mafi kyau, kuma matsi-folding rabo ya ragu tare da ƙari na roba foda. Trend.
Li Qiao da wasu na Shantou Special Economic Zone Longhu Technology Co., Ltd. sun yi nuni a cikin labarin cewa, ayyukan cellulose ether a cikin turmi siminti sune kiyaye ruwa, kauri, shigar da iska, jinkiri da haɓaka ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa, da dai sauransu. Ayyuka sun dace da Lokacin da aka bincika da zabar MC, alamun MC da ake buƙatar la'akari sun haɗa da danko, digiri na maye gurbin etherification, digiri na gyare-gyare, kwanciyar hankali samfurin, ingantaccen abun ciki na abu, girman barbashi da sauran bangarori. Lokacin zabar MC a cikin samfuran turmi daban-daban, abubuwan da ake buƙata don MC da kansa yakamata a gabatar da su gwargwadon buƙatun gini da amfani da takamaiman samfuran turmi, kuma yakamata a zaɓi nau'ikan MC masu dacewa a hade tare da abun da ke ciki da ma'auni na asali na MC.
Qiu Yongxia na Beijing Wanbo Huijia Science and Trade Co., Ltd. ya gano cewa, tare da karuwar dankon ether na cellulose, yawan ajiyar ruwa na turmi ya karu; mafi kyawun barbashi na ether cellulose, mafi kyawun riƙewar ruwa; Mafi girma yawan adadin ruwa na ether cellulose; riƙewar ruwa na ether cellulose yana raguwa tare da karuwar yawan zafin jiki.
Zhang Bin na jami'ar Tongji da sauransu sun yi nuni a cikin labarin cewa, yanayin aiki na turmi da aka gyare-gyare yana da alaƙa da haɓakar ɗankowar ethers na cellulose, ba wai cewa ethers cellulose da ke da ɗanko mai girman gaske yana da tasirin gaske a kan halayen aiki ba, saboda suna da alaƙa da haɓakar haɓakar ethers. Har ila yau, ya shafi girman barbashi. , adadin rushewa da sauran dalilai.
Zhou Xiao da wasu daga Cibiyar Kimiya da Fasaha ta Kare Abubuwan Al'adu, Cibiyar Nazarin Al'adun Gargajiya ta kasar Sin, sun yi nazari kan gudummawar abubuwan da ake hadawa guda biyu, wato polymer roba foda da ether na cellulose, ga karfin hadin gwiwa a tsarin NHL (hydraulic lime) turmi, kuma ya gano cewa, mai sauƙi Saboda yawan raguwar lemun tsami na hydraulic, ba zai iya samar da isasshen ƙarfi tare da ƙirar dutse ba. Adadin da ya dace na polymer roba foda da cellulose ether zai iya inganta ingantaccen ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na turmi NHL kuma ya dace da buƙatun ƙarfafa relic na al'adu da kayan kariya; domin ya hana Yana da tasiri a kan ruwa da ruwa da kuma numfashi na NHL turmi kanta da kuma dacewa da masonry al'adu relics. A lokaci guda, la'akari da aikin haɗin gwiwa na farko na NHL turmi, madaidaicin adadin adadin polymer roba foda yana ƙasa da 0.5% zuwa 1%, da ƙari na ether cellulose Ana sarrafa adadin a kusan 0.2%.
Duan Pengxuan da wasu daga Cibiyar Kimiyar Gine-gine ta Beijing sun yi gwaje-gwajen rheological na kansu guda biyu bisa tushen kafa samfurin rheological na sabon turmi, kuma sun gudanar da nazarin rheological na talakawa turmi, plastering turmi da plashing kayayyakin gypsum. An auna denaturation, kuma an gano cewa hydroxyethyl cellulose ether da hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether suna da mafi kyawun ƙimar danko na farko da ƙimar raguwar danko tare da haɓaka lokaci da haɓakar sauri, wanda zai iya wadatar da mai ɗaure don mafi kyawun nau'in haɗin gwiwa, thixotropy da juriya.
Li Yanling na jami'ar fasaha ta Henan da sauran su sun gano cewa kara da sinadarin cellulose a cikin turmi na iya inganta aikin kiyaye ruwa da turmi, ta yadda za a tabbatar da ci gaban samar da ruwan siminti. Ko da yake ƙari na ether cellulose yana rage ƙarfin sassauƙa da ƙarfi na turmi, har yanzu yana ƙara yawan ƙwanƙwasa-ƙwanƙwasa da haɗin gwiwar turmi zuwa wani matsayi.
1.4Bincike akan aikace-aikacen admixtures zuwa turmi a gida da waje
A masana'antar gine-gine a yau, samarwa da amfani da siminti da turmi yana da yawa, haka ma bukatar siminti yana karuwa. Samar da siminti shine yawan amfani da makamashi da kuma yawan gurbataccen yanayi. Ajiye siminti yana da mahimmanci don sarrafa farashi da kare muhalli. A matsayin wani m maye gurbin sumunti, ma'adinai admixture ba zai iya kawai inganta aikin turmi da kankare, amma kuma ajiye da yawa ciminti a karkashin yanayin m amfani.
A cikin masana'antar kayan gini, aikace-aikacen admixtures ya yi yawa sosai. Yawancin nau'ikan siminti sun ƙunshi ƙari ko žasa wani adadin abubuwan haɗin gwiwa. Daga cikinsu, simintin Portland na yau da kullun da aka fi amfani da shi yana ƙara 5% a cikin samarwa. ~ 20% admixture. A cikin tsarin samar da turmi daban-daban da kamfanonin samar da kankare, aikace-aikacen admixtures ya fi yawa.
Don aikace-aikacen admixtures a cikin turmi, an gudanar da dogon lokaci da bincike mai zurfi a gida da waje.
1.4.1Taƙaitaccen gabatarwar bincike na ƙasashen waje game da admixture amfani da turmi
P. Jami'ar California. JM Momeiro Joe IJ K. Wang et al. An gano cewa a cikin tsarin hydration na kayan gelling, gel din ba ya kumbura a daidai adadin, kuma ma'adinan ma'adinai na iya canza abun da ke cikin gel mai hydrated, kuma ya gano cewa kumburin gel yana da alaƙa da divalent cations a cikin gel. . Adadin kwafin ya nuna maƙarƙashiya mara kyau.
Kevin J. na Amurka. Folliard da Makoto Ohta et al. ya yi nuni da cewa, kara hayakin siliki da tokar shinkafa a turmi na iya inganta karfin damtse, yayin da kara tokar kuda na rage karfi, musamman a matakin farko.
Philippe Lawrence da Martin Cyr na Faransa sun gano cewa nau'ikan ma'adinai iri-iri na iya inganta ƙarfin turmi a ƙarƙashin adadin da ya dace. Bambanci tsakanin ma'adinai daban-daban na ma'adinai ba a bayyane yake ba a farkon matakin hydration. A cikin mataki na gaba na hydration, ƙarin ƙarfin haɓaka yana shafar ayyukan ma'adinai na ma'adinai, kuma ƙarfin ƙarfin da ya haifar da inert admixture ba za a iya ɗaukar shi kawai a matsayin cikawa ba. sakamako, amma ya kamata a dangana ga sakamakon jiki na multiphase nucleation.
Bulgaria ValIly0 Stoitchkov Stl Petar Abadjiev da sauransu gano cewa asali aka gyara su ne silica fume da low-alli gardama ash ta hanyar jiki da kuma inji Properties na siminti turmi da kankare gauraye da aiki pozzolanic admixtures, wanda zai iya inganta ƙarfin siminti dutse. Fume silica yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan farkon hydration na kayan siminti, yayin da sashin ash na gardama yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan hydration na baya.
1.4.2Taƙaitaccen gabatarwar bincike na cikin gida akan aikace-aikacen admixtures zuwa turmi
Ta hanyar bincike na gwaji, Zhong Shiyun da Xiang Keqin na jami'ar Tongji sun gano cewa turmi da aka gyara na wani nau'in ash na gardama da polyacrylate emulsion (PAE), lokacin da aka daidaita ma'aunin poly-binder a 0.08, ma'aunin matsawa na nadawa. turmi ya ƙaru tare da ƙoshin lafiya da abun ciki na tokar gardawa suna raguwa tare da karuwar tokar gardawa. An ba da shawarar cewa ƙari da tokar gardawa zai iya magance matsalar tsadar tsadar gaske na inganta sassaucin turmi ta hanyar ƙara abun ciki na polymer kawai.
Wang Yinong na Kamfanin Gine-gine na Ƙarfe da Ƙarfe na Wuhan ya yi nazari game da haɗakar turmi mai girma, wanda zai iya inganta aikin turmi yadda ya kamata, da rage matakin delamination, da kuma inganta haɗin gwiwa. Ya dace da masonry da plastering na aerated kankare tubalan. .
Chen Miaomiao da sauransu daga Jami'ar Fasaha ta Nanjing sun yi nazari kan tasirin hadawa biyu na gardama ash da foda mai ma'adinai a cikin busassun turmi a kan aikin aiki da kaddarorin injin turmi, kuma sun gano cewa ƙari na biyu admixtures ba wai kawai inganta aikin aiki da kaddarorin inji ba. na cakuda. Abubuwan da ke cikin jiki da na inji kuma na iya rage farashin yadda ya kamata. Mafi kyawun shawarar da aka ba da shawarar shine maye gurbin 20% na ash gardama da foda na ma'adinai bi da bi, rabon turmi zuwa yashi shine 1: 3, kuma rabon ruwa zuwa abu shine 0.16.
Zhuang Zihao na jami'ar fasaha ta Kudancin kasar Sin ya gyara ma'aunin ruwa da ruwa, da gyaran bentonite, cellulose ether da foda na roba, ya kuma yi nazari kan kaddarorin karfin turmi, da rike ruwa da bushewar gurbatacciyar ma'adinai guda uku, kuma ya gano cewa abun da ake hadawa ya kai. A 50%, porosity yana ƙaruwa sosai kuma ƙarfin yana raguwa, kuma mafi kyawun ma'auni na nau'in ma'adinai guda uku shine 8% limestone foda, 30% slag, da 4% tashi ash, wanda zai iya cimma ruwa. ƙimar, ƙimar da aka fi so na tsanani.
Li Ying na jami'ar Qinghai ya gudanar da jerin gwaje-gwaje na turmi gauraye da ma'adinan ma'adinai, kuma ya kammala tare da yin nazari kan cewa ma'adinan ma'adinai na iya inganta matakin digiri na biyu na foda, da kuma tasirin cikowa da kuma samar da ruwa na biyu na admixtures na iya zuwa wani ɗan lokaci. ƙarancin turmi yana ƙaruwa, ta haka yana ƙara ƙarfinsa.
Zhao Yujing na Shanghai Baosteel New Building Materials Co., Ltd. ya yi amfani da ka'idar taurin karaya da karayar kuzari don nazarin tasirin hada-hadar ma'adinai kan karyewar siminti. Gwajin ya nuna cewa ma'adinan ma'adinai na iya ƙara haɓaka taurin karya da kuma kara kuzari na turmi; a cikin yanayin nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i) maye gurbin 40% na ma'adinai na ma'adinai wanda ya fi dacewa da ƙwannafi da ƙarfin fashewa.
Xu Guangsheng na Jami'ar Henan ya nuna cewa lokacin da takamaiman yanki na ma'adinai foda ya kasa da E350m2 / l [g, aikin yana da ƙasa, ƙarfin 3d shine kawai game da 30%, kuma ƙarfin 28d yana tasowa zuwa 0 ~ 90% ; yayin da a 400m2 kankana g, ƙarfin 3d Zai iya zama kusa da 50%, kuma ƙarfin 28d yana sama da 95%. Daga hangen nesa na asali ka'idojin rheology, bisa ga gwaji bincike na turmi fluidity da kwarara gudun, da dama yanke shawara an zana: tashi ash abun ciki a kasa 20% iya yadda ya kamata inganta turmi fluidity da kwarara gudu, da kuma ma'adinai foda a Lokacin da sashi ne a kasa. 25%, ana iya ƙara yawan ruwa na turmi amma an rage yawan kwararar ruwa.
Farfesa Wang Dongmin na jami'ar ma'adinai da fasaha ta kasar Sin da farfesa Feng Lufeng na jami'ar Shandong Jianzhu sun yi nuni da a cikin labarin cewa, kankare abu ne mai kashi uku daga mahangar kayan da aka hada da su, wato siminti, aggregate, siminti da aggregate. Yankin canjin yanayi ITZ (Yankin Canja wurin Interfacial) a mahadar. ITZ yanki ne mai wadatar ruwa, rabon siminti na gida ya yi girma, ƙarancin ruwa bayan hydration yana da girma, kuma zai haifar da wadatar calcium hydroxide. Wannan yanki yana iya haifar da tsagewar farko, kuma yana iya haifar da damuwa. Hankali sosai yana ƙayyade ƙarfin. Nazarin gwaji ya nuna cewa ƙari na admixtures zai iya inganta ingantaccen ruwa na endocrin a cikin yanki mai canzawa, rage kauri na yanki mai canzawa, da inganta ƙarfin.
Zhang Jianxin na jami'ar Chongqing da sauransu sun gano cewa ta hanyar ingantaccen gyare-gyare na methyl cellulose ether, polypropylene fiber, redispersible polymer foda, da admixtures, za a iya shirya wani busassun cakude plastering turmi tare da kyakkyawan aiki. Dry-mixed crack-resistant crack plastering turmi yana da kyakkyawan aiki, ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa da kuma juriya mai kyau. Ingancin ganguna da tsaga matsala ce ta gama gari.
Ren Chuanyao na jami'ar Zhejiang da sauransu sun yi nazari kan tasirin sinadarin hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether a kan kaddarorin turmi na gardama, kuma sun yi nazari kan alakar da ke tsakanin jika da karfin matsawa. An gano cewa ƙara hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether a cikin gardama ash turmi iya muhimmanci inganta ruwa rike aikin turmi, tsawanta bonding lokaci na turmi, da kuma rage rigar yawa da kuma matsa lamba na turmi. Akwai kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin jikar yawa da ƙarfin matsi na 28d. A ƙarƙashin yanayin sanannen yawan rigar, ana iya ƙididdige ƙarfin matsawa na 28d ta amfani da dabarar dacewa.
Farfesa Pang Lufeng da Chang Qingshan na Jami'ar Shandong Jianzhu sun yi amfani da hanyar tsara kayan aiki don nazarin tasirin abubuwan hada abubuwa guda uku na ash ƙuda, foda na ma'adinai da hayaƙin siliki a kan ƙarfin siminti, kuma sun gabatar da tsarin hasashen da wasu ƙima mai amfani ta hanyar koma baya. bincike. , kuma an tabbatar da aikin sa.
Makasudi da mahimmancin wannan binciken
A matsayin mahimmancin kauri mai riƙe ruwa, ana amfani da ether cellulose sosai a cikin sarrafa abinci, samar da turmi da kankare da sauran masana'antu. Kamar yadda wani muhimmin admixture a daban-daban turmi, da dama cellulose ethers iya muhimmanci rage zub da jini na high fluidity turmi, inganta thixotropy da kuma gina santsi na turmi, da kuma inganta ruwa rike yi da bond ƙarfi na turmi.
Aiwatar da ma'adinai admixtures yana ƙara tartsatsi, wanda ba kawai warware matsalar sarrafa wani babban adadin masana'antu da kayayyakin, ceton filaye da kuma kare muhalli, amma kuma iya mayar da sharar gida taska da kuma haifar da amfani.
An yi nazari da yawa kan abubuwan da ke tattare da turmi guda biyu a gida da waje, amma ba a sami nazarce-nazarcen gwaji da yawa da suka hada biyun wuri guda ba. Manufar wannan takarda ita ce haɗuwa da ethers cellulose da yawa da ma'adinan ma'adinai a cikin simintin siminti a lokaci guda , turmi mai yawa da turmi filastik (ɗaukar turmi mai haɗawa a matsayin misali), ta hanyar gwajin bincike na ruwa da kayan aikin injiniya daban-daban. An taƙaita dokar tasiri na nau'ikan turmi guda biyu lokacin da aka haɗa abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, wanda zai shafi ether cellulose na gaba. Kuma ƙarin aikace-aikace na ma'adinai admixtures yana ba da wani tunani.
Bugu da ƙari, wannan takarda ya ba da shawarar wata hanya don tsinkayar ƙarfin turmi da kankare bisa ka'idar ƙarfin FERET da kuma yawan aiki na ma'adinai admixtures, wanda zai iya samar da wani mahimmin jagora don ƙirar rabo mai haɗuwa da ƙarfin tsinkayar turmi da kankare.
1.6Babban abin bincike na wannan takarda
Babban abubuwan bincike na wannan takarda sun haɗa da:
1. Ta hanyar haɗuwa da ethers cellulose da yawa da nau'o'in ma'adinai daban-daban, an gudanar da gwaje-gwaje a kan ruwa mai tsabta mai tsabta da turmi mai yawa, kuma an taƙaita dokokin tasiri kuma an bincika dalilan.
2. Ta ƙara cellulose ethers da daban-daban ma'adinai admixtures zuwa high fluidity turmi da bonding turmi, bincika su effects a kan matsawa ƙarfi, flexural ƙarfi, matsawa-nadawa rabo da bonding turmi na high fluidity turmi da roba turmi Dokar tasiri a kan tensile bond ƙarfi.
3. Haɗe tare da ka'idar ƙarfin FERET da ƙimar aiki na ma'adinai admixtures, ana ba da shawarar hanyar tsinkayar ƙarfi don turmi kayan siminti da kankare da yawa.
Babi na 2 Binciken albarkatun kasa da abubuwan da suke da su don gwaji
2.1 Gwaji kayan
2.1.1 Siminti (C)
Gwajin ya yi amfani da alamar "Shanshui Dongyue" PO. 42.5 Siminti.
2.1.2 Mineral foda (KF)
An zaɓi $95 granulated fashewa tanderu slag foda daga Shandong Jinan Luxin New Building Materials Co., Ltd..
2.1.3 Fly Ash (FA)
A sa II gardama ash samar da Jinan Huangtai Power Plant aka zaba, da fineness (saura sieve na 459m square rami sieve) ne 13%, da ruwa bukatar rabo ne 96%.
2.1.4 Silica fume (sF)
Silica fume rungumi dabi'ar silica fume na Shanghai Aika Silica Fume Material Co., Ltd., da yawa ne 2.59 / cm3; da takamaiman surface area ne 17500m2 / kg, da kuma talakawan barbashi size ne O. 1.～0.39m, 28d ma'aunin aiki shine 108%, rabon buƙatun ruwa shine 120%.
2.1.5 Redispersible latex foda (JF)
The roba foda rungumi dabi'ar Max redispersible latex foda 6070N (nau'in haɗin kai) daga Gomez Chemical China Co., Ltd.
2.1.6 Cellulose ether (CE)
CMC rungumi dabi'ar shafi CMC daga Zibo Zou Yongning Chemical Co., Ltd., da HPMC rungumi dabi'ar nau'i biyu na hydroxypropyl methylcellulose daga Gomez Chemical China Co., Ltd.
2.1.7 Wasu addmixtures
Calcium carbonate mai nauyi, fiber na itace, mai hana ruwa, tsarin calcium, da dai sauransu.
2.1.8 yashi quartz
Yashin ma'adini da aka yi da injin yana ɗaukar nau'ikan fineness guda huɗu: 10-20 raga, 20-40 H, 40.70 raga da 70.140 H, yawancin 2650 kg / rn3, kuma konewar tari shine 1620 kg/m3.
2.1.9 Polycarboxylate superplasticizer foda (PC)
The polycarboxylate foda na Suzhou Xingbang Chemical Building Materials Co., Ltd.) ne 1J1030, kuma ruwa rage kudi ne 30%.
2.1.10 Yashi (S)
Ana amfani da matsakaicin yashi na Kogin Dawen a Tai'an.
2.1.11 Babban Tarin (G)
Yi amfani da Jinan Ganggou don samar da dakakken dutse 5″ ~ 25.
2.2 Hanyar gwaji
2.2.1 Hanyar gwaji don slurry fluidity
Kayan aikin gwaji: NJ. 160 nau'in siminti slurry mixer, wanda Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd ya samar.
Ana ƙididdige hanyoyin gwajin da sakamakon bisa ga hanyar gwaji don yawan ruwan siminti a cikin Karin Bayani na "GB 50119.2003 Ƙididdiga na Fasaha don Aiwatar da Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwa" ko ((Gb/T8077-2000 Hanyar Gwaji don Haɗuwa da Haɗin Kankare). .
2.2.2 Hanyar gwaji don yawan ruwan turmi mai yawan ruwa
Gwajin kayan aiki: JJ. Nau'in siminti 5 mixer, wanda Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd ya samar;
TYE-2000B turmi gwajin inji, samar da Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd.;
TYE-300B turmi lankwasa gwajin inji, samar da Wuxi Jianyi Instrument Machinery Co., Ltd.
Hanyar gano ruwan turmi ta dogara ne akan “JC. T 986-2005 Siminti na tushen grouting kayan" da "GB 50119-2003 Technical Specifications for Application of Concrete Admixtures" Shafi A, girman mazugi mutu amfani, da tsawo ne 60mm, ciki diamita na babba tashar jiragen ruwa ne 70mm , Diamita na ciki na ƙananan tashar jiragen ruwa shine 100mm, kuma ƙananan diamita na ƙananan tashar shine 120mm, kuma jimlar busassun nauyi na turmi kada ya zama ƙasa da 2000g kowane lokaci.
Sakamakon gwaji na ma'aunin ruwan biyu yakamata ya ɗauki matsakaicin ƙimar kwatance biyu na tsaye azaman sakamako na ƙarshe.
2.2.3 Hanyar gwaji don ƙarfin haɗin ɗaure na turmi mai ɗaure
Babban kayan gwaji: WDL. Nau'in 5 na'urar gwaji ta duniya, wanda Kamfanin Tianjin Gangyuan Instrument Factory ya kera.
Za'a aiwatar da hanyar gwaji don ƙarfin haɗin ɗamara tare da la'akari da Sashe na 10 na (JGJ/T70.2009 Standard for Test Methods for Basic Properties of Gina Turmi.
Babi na 3. Tasirin ether na cellulose akan manna mai tsabta da turmi na kayan ciminti na binary na nau'in ma'adinai daban-daban.
Tasirin Ruwa
Wannan babi yana bincikar ethers da yawa na cellulose da gaurayawan ma'adinai ta hanyar gwada adadi mai yawa na tsaftataccen siminti na tushen slurries da turmi da tsarin siminti na binary da turmi tare da nau'ikan ma'adinai daban-daban da ruwa da asarar su akan lokaci. Doka ta tasiri na fili amfani da kayan a kan ruwa mai tsabta slurry da turmi, da kuma tasirin abubuwa daban-daban an taƙaita da nazari.
3.1 Bayanin ƙa'idar gwaji
Dangane da tasirin ether na cellulose akan aikin aiki na tsarin siminti mai tsafta da tsarin siminti daban-daban, galibi muna yin nazari cikin nau'i biyu:
1. tsarki. Yana da abũbuwan amfãni na fahimta, aiki mai sauƙi da daidaitattun daidaito, kuma ya fi dacewa don gano daidaitattun abubuwan da ake amfani da su kamar cellulose ether zuwa kayan gelling, kuma bambanci a bayyane yake.
2. Tumi mai yawan ruwa. Samun babban yanayin kwarara kuma shine don dacewa da aunawa da lura. Anan, daidaitawar yanayin kwararar tunani galibi ana sarrafa shi ta manyan manyan ayyuka na superplasticizers. Don rage kuskuren gwajin, muna amfani da mai rage ruwa na polycarboxylate tare da daidaitawa mai faɗi zuwa siminti, wanda ke da zafin jiki, kuma zafin gwajin yana buƙatar kulawa sosai.
3.2 Gwajin tasiri na ether cellulose akan ruwa mai tsaftataccen siminti
3.2.1 Tsarin gwaji don tasirin ether cellulose akan ruwa mai tsaftataccen siminti
Nufin tasirin ether na cellulose akan ruwa mai tsafta mai tsafta, an fara amfani da slurry na siminti mai tsafta na tsarin siminti mai kashi ɗaya don lura da tasirin. Babban fihirisar magana anan tana ɗaukar mafi kyawun gano ruwa.
Ana ɗaukar abubuwa masu zuwa don shafar motsi:
1. Nau'in ethers cellulose
2. Cellulose ether abun ciki
3. Slurry lokacin hutu
Anan, mun gyara abun ciki na PC na foda a 0.2%. An yi amfani da ƙungiyoyi uku da ƙungiyoyi huɗu na gwaje-gwaje don nau'ikan ethers cellulose guda uku (carboxymethylcellulose sodium CMC, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC). Don sodium carboxymethyl cellulose CMC, adadin 0%, O. 10%, O. 2%, wato Og, 0.39, 0.69 (yawan siminti a kowane gwaji shine 3009). , don hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether, sashi shine 0%, O. 05%, O. 10%, O. 15%, wato 09, 0.159, 0.39, 0.459.
3.2.2 Sakamakon gwaji da bincike na tasirin cellulose ether akan ruwa na manna siminti mai tsabta
(1) Sakamakon gwajin ruwa na siminti zalla da aka haɗe da CMC
Binciken sakamakon gwaji:
1. Alamar motsi:
Kwatanta ƙungiyoyin uku tare da lokaci ɗaya na tsaye, dangane da yanayin farko na ruwa, tare da ƙari na CMC, ƙarancin farko ya ragu kaɗan; Ruwan rabin sa'a ya ragu sosai tare da adadin, galibi saboda ruwan rabin sa'a na rukunin mara komai. Yana da 20mm ya fi girma fiye da na farko (wannan na iya zama lalacewa ta hanyar retardation na PC foda): -IJ, yawan ruwa ya ragu kadan a 0.1% sashi, kuma yana ƙaruwa a 0.2% sashi.
Idan aka kwatanta ƙungiyoyin uku tare da nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i)) wanda ya kasance mafi girma a cikin rabin sa'a kuma ya ragu a cikin sa'a daya (wannan yana iya zama saboda gaskiyar cewa bayan sa'a daya) simintin siminti ya bayyana karin hydration da adhesion. An fara samar da tsarin tsaka-tsakin, kuma slurry ya bayyana fiye da haka; yawan ruwa na ƙungiyoyin C1 da C2 sun ragu kaɗan a cikin rabin sa'a, yana nuna cewa shayar da ruwa na CMC yana da wani tasiri akan jihar; yayin da abun ciki na C2, an sami karuwa mai yawa a cikin sa'a daya, yana nuna cewa abun ciki na tasirin sakamako na retardation na CMC shine rinjaye.
2. Binciken bayanin al'amari:
Ana iya ganin cewa da karuwar abubuwan da ke cikin CMC, lamarin ya fara bayyana, wanda ke nuni da cewa CMC na da wani tasiri wajen kara dankon simintin din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din) din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din din ahi na ahi ) suka buga da su, wanda hakan ya nuna cewa CMC da ke dauke da iskar CMC na haifar da samar da ci gaba. iska kumfa.
(2) Sakamakon gwajin ruwa na manna siminti zalla gauraye da HPMC (dankowar 100,000)
Binciken sakamakon gwaji:
1. Alamar motsi:
Daga layin layi na tasirin lokacin tsayawa akan ruwa, ana iya ganin cewa ruwa a cikin rabin sa'a yana da girma idan aka kwatanta da farkon da sa'a daya, kuma tare da karuwar abun ciki na HPMC, yanayin ya raunana. Gabaɗaya, asarar ruwa ba ta da girma, yana nuna cewa HPMC yana da tabbataccen riƙewar ruwa zuwa slurry, kuma yana da wani tasiri na jinkirtawa.
Ana iya gani daga lura cewa ruwa yana da matukar damuwa ga abun ciki na HPMC. A cikin kewayon gwaji, mafi girman abun ciki na HPMC, ƙaramin ruwa. Yana da matukar wahala a cika mazugi na ruwa da kanta a ƙarƙashin adadin ruwa guda. Ana iya ganin cewa bayan ƙara HPMC, asarar ruwa da lokaci ya haifar ba ta da girma ga slurry mai tsabta.
2. Binciken bayanin al'amari:
Rukunin da ba kowa ba yana da al'amarin jini, kuma ana iya gani daga kaifi canji na ruwa tare da sashi cewa HPMC ya fi ƙarfin riƙewar ruwa da tasiri fiye da CMC, kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kawar da al'amuran jini. Bai kamata a fahimci manyan kumfa na iska a matsayin tasirin shigar da iska ba. A gaskiya ma, bayan danko ya karu, iskan da aka gauraye a yayin aikin motsa jiki ba za a iya buge shi cikin ƙananan kumfa na iska ba saboda slurry yana da danko.
(3) Sakamakon gwajin ruwa na manna siminti zalla gauraye da HPMC (dankowar 150,000)
Binciken sakamakon gwaji:
1. Alamar motsi:
Daga layin layi na tasirin abubuwan da ke cikin HPMC (150,000) akan ruwa, tasirin canjin abun ciki akan ruwa ya fi bayyane fiye da na 100,000 HPMC, yana nuna cewa haɓakar danko na HPMC zai ragu. da ruwa.
Dangane da abin dubawa, bisa ga yanayin gabaɗayan canjin ruwa tare da lokaci, tasirin jinkirta rabin sa'a na HPMC (150,000) a bayyane yake, yayin da tasirin -4, ya fi na HPMC (100,000) muni. .
2. Binciken bayanin al'amari:
Akwai zubar jini a rukunin da ba kowa. Dalilin dasa farantin shine saboda rabon siminti na ruwa na slurry na ƙasa ya zama ƙarami bayan zubar jini, kuma slurry yana da yawa kuma yana da wuya a goge daga farantin gilashi. Bugu da ƙari na HPMC ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kawar da al'amuran jini. Tare da karuwar abun ciki, ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan kumfa sun fara bayyana sannan kuma manyan kumfa sun bayyana. Kananan kumfa suna faruwa ne saboda wani dalili. Hakazalika, bai kamata a fahimci manyan kumfa a matsayin tasirin shigar da iska ba. A gaskiya ma, bayan danko ya karu, iskan da aka gauraye a yayin aikin motsa jiki yana da danko sosai kuma ba zai iya zubarwa daga slurry ba.
3.3 Tasirin gwajin ether na cellulose akan ruwa mai tsaftataccen slurry na kayan siminti masu yawa
Wannan sashe yafi bincika tasirin fili na amfani da admixtures da yawa da ethers cellulose uku (carboxymethyl cellulose sodium CMC, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC) akan ruwa na ɓangaren litattafan almara.
Hakazalika, an yi amfani da ƙungiyoyi uku da ƙungiyoyi huɗu na gwaje-gwaje don nau'ikan ethers cellulose guda uku (carboxymethylcellulose sodium CMC, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC). Don sodium carboxymethyl cellulose CMC, kashi na 0%, 0.10%, da 0.2%, wato 0g, 0.3g, da 0.6g (madaidaicin siminti na kowane gwaji shine 300g). Don hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether, sashi shine 0%, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, wato 0g, 0.15g, 0.3g, 0.45g. Ana sarrafa abun ciki na PC na foda a 0.2%.
An maye gurbin ash ash da slag foda a cikin ma'adinan ma'adinai ta hanyar adadin hanyar haɗin ciki, kuma matakan haɗuwa sune 10%, 20% da 30%, wato, adadin maye gurbin shine 30g, 60g da 90g. Duk da haka, la'akari da tasiri na mafi girma ayyuka, shrinkage, da kuma jihar, da silica fume abun ciki ana sarrafa zuwa 3%, 6%, da kuma 9%, wato, 9g, 18g, da kuma 27g.
3.3.1 Tsarin gwaji don tasirin ether na cellulose akan ruwa mai tsaftataccen slurry na siminti mai binary
(1) Tsarin gwaji don ƙarancin kayan siminti na binary gauraye da CMC da ma'adanai daban-daban..
(2) Tsarin gwaji don yawan ruwan simintin kayan binaryar gauraye da HPMC (dankowar 100,000) da ma'adanai daban-daban..
(3) Gwajin makirci don ruwa na kayan siminti na binary gauraye da HPMC (dankowar 150,000) da ma'adinai daban-daban.
3.3.2 Sakamakon gwaji da bincike na tasirin cellulose ether akan ruwa na kayan siminti masu yawa
(1) Sakamakon gwajin ruwa na farko na kayan siminti mai tsaftataccen slurry gauraye da CMC da ma'adanai daban-daban..
Ana iya gani daga wannan cewa ƙari da tokar gardama na iya haɓaka haɓakar slurry na farko yadda ya kamata, kuma yana ƙoƙarin faɗaɗa tare da karuwar tokar kuda. A lokaci guda, lokacin da abun ciki na CMC ya karu, yawan ruwa ya ragu kadan, kuma matsakaicin raguwa shine 20mm.
Ana iya ganin cewa za'a iya ƙara yawan ruwa na farko na slurry mai tsabta a ƙananan ƙwayar ma'adinai na ma'adinai, kuma haɓakar haɓakar ruwa ba a bayyane ba lokacin da sashi ya wuce 20%. A lokaci guda, adadin CMC a cikin O. A 1%, yawan ruwa shine matsakaicin.
Ana iya gani daga wannan cewa abun ciki na fume silica gabaɗaya yana da babban tasiri mara kyau akan farar ruwa na slurry. A lokaci guda, CMC kuma ya ɗan rage yawan ruwa.
Sakamakon gwajin ruwa na rabin sa'a na kayan siminti mai tsaftar binary gauraye da CMC da abubuwan ma'adinai daban-daban..
Ana iya ganin cewa haɓakar ruwa na gardama ash na rabin sa'a yana da inganci a ƙananan sashi, amma kuma yana iya kasancewa saboda yana kusa da iyakar iyakar slurry mai tsabta. A lokaci guda, CMC har yanzu yana da ƙaramin raguwa a cikin ruwa.
Bugu da ƙari, idan aka kwatanta yawan ruwa na farko da na rabin sa'a, za'a iya gano cewa karin tokar kuda yana da amfani don sarrafa asarar ruwa a cikin lokaci.
Ana iya gani daga wannan cewa jimlar adadin ma'adinai foda ba shi da wani tasiri mara kyau a kan ruwa na slurry mai tsabta na rabin sa'a, kuma kullun ba shi da karfi. A lokaci guda, tasirin abun ciki na CMC akan ruwa a cikin rabin sa'a ba a bayyane yake ba, amma haɓakar 20% ma'adinai foda maye gurbin rukuni yana da mahimmanci.
Ana iya ganin cewa mummunan tasirin ruwa na slurry mai tsabta tare da adadin silica fume na rabin sa'a ya fi bayyane fiye da na farko, musamman ma tasiri a cikin kewayon 6% zuwa 9% ya fi bayyane. A lokaci guda, raguwar abun ciki na CMC akan ruwa yana kusan 30mm, wanda ya fi girma fiye da raguwar abun ciki na CMC zuwa farkon.
(2) Sakamakon gwajin ruwa na farko na kayan siminti mai tsaftataccen slurry gauraye da HPMC (dankowar 100,000) da abubuwan ma'adinai daban-daban.
Daga wannan, za a iya ganin cewa tasirin tokar kuda a kan ruwa yana da kyau a bayyane, amma an gano a cikin gwajin cewa tokar kuda ba ta da wani tasiri na inganta jini a fili. Bugu da ƙari, rage tasirin HPMC akan ruwa yana bayyana sosai (musamman a cikin kewayon 0.1% zuwa 0.15% na babban sashi, matsakaicin raguwa zai iya kaiwa fiye da 50mm).
Ana iya ganin cewa foda mai ma'adinai yana da tasiri kadan akan ruwa, kuma baya inganta zubar da jini sosai. Bugu da ƙari, rage tasirin HPMC akan ruwa ya kai 60mm a cikin kewayon 0.1%～0.15% na babban sashi.
Daga wannan, ana iya ganin cewa rage yawan ruwa na silica fume ya fi bayyana a cikin babban nau'i na nau'i, kuma bugu da ƙari, ƙwayar silica yana da tasiri mai kyau na inganta jini a cikin gwaji. A lokaci guda kuma, HPMC yana da tasirin gaske akan rage yawan ruwa (musamman a cikin kewayon babban adadin (0.1% zuwa 0.15%). sauran Admixture yana aiki azaman ƙarin ƙaramin daidaitawa.
Ana iya ganin cewa, a gaba ɗaya, tasirin admixtures guda uku a kan ruwa yana kama da ƙimar farko. Lokacin da hayaƙin silica yana cikin babban abun ciki na 9% kuma abun ciki na HPMC shine O. A cikin yanayin 15%, al'amarin cewa ba a iya tattara bayanan ba saboda rashin kyawun yanayin slurry yana da wuya a cika mazugi na mazugi. , yana nuna cewa danko na silica fume da HPMC ya karu sosai a mafi girma dosages. Idan aka kwatanta da CMC, tasirin ƙara danko na HPMC a bayyane yake.
(3) Sakamakon gwajin ruwa na farko na kayan siminti mai tsaftataccen slurry gauraye da HPMC (dankowar 100,000) da ma'adanai daban-daban.
Daga wannan, ana iya ganin cewa HPMC (150,000) da HPMC (100,000) suna da irin wannan tasirin akan slurry, amma HPMC tare da babban danko yana da raguwa kaɗan a cikin ruwa, amma ba a bayyane ba, wanda ya kamata ya danganta da rushewar. Farashin HPMC. Gudun yana da ƙayyadaddun dangantaka. Daga cikin admixtures, tasirin abun ciki na gardama a kan ruwa na slurry shine m madaidaiciya kuma tabbatacce, kuma 30% na abun ciki na iya ƙara yawan ruwa ta 20,-,30mm; Tasirin ba a bayyane yake ba, kuma tasirin ingantawarsa akan zubar jini yana da iyaka; ko da a ɗan ƙaramin matakin da bai wuce 10% ba, fume silica yana da tasiri a fili wajen rage zubar jini, kuma takamaiman wurin da ke samansa ya kusan sau biyu girma fiye da na siminti. tsari na girma, tasirin tallan sa na ruwa akan motsi yana da mahimmanci.
A cikin kalma, a cikin bambance bambancen sashi na sashi, abubuwan da dalilai suna shafar ƙwayar slurry, ko ikon zubar da jini, shine mafi bayyane, sauran Tasirin admixtures shine na biyu kuma yana taka rawar daidaitawa na taimako.
Kashi na uku ya taƙaita tasirin HPMC (150,000) da ƙari akan ruwa mai tsabta na ɓangaren litattafan almara a cikin rabin sa'a, wanda gabaɗaya yayi kama da dokar tasiri na ƙimar farko. Ana iya gano cewa karuwar ash a kan ruwa mai tsafta na tsawon rabin sa'a yana da kyau a bayyane fiye da karuwar yawan ruwa na farko, tasirin slag foda har yanzu ba a bayyane yake ba, da kuma tasirin abun ciki na silica fume akan ruwa. har yanzu a bayyane yake. Bugu da ƙari, dangane da abubuwan da ke cikin HPMC, akwai abubuwa da yawa da ba za a iya zubar da su a cikin babban abun ciki ba, wanda ke nuna cewa adadinsa na O. 15% yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci wajen ƙara danko da rage yawan ruwa, kuma dangane da ruwa na rabi na rabi. sa'a guda, idan aka kwatanta da ƙimar farko, ƙungiyar slag ta O. Ruwa na 05% HPMC ya ragu a fili.
Dangane da asarar ruwa a cikin lokaci, haɗakar da silica fume yana da tasiri mai yawa akansa, musamman saboda fume silica yana da babban inganci, babban aiki, saurin amsawa, da kuma ƙarfin ƙarfin shayar da danshi, wanda ya haifar da rashin tausayi. ruwa zuwa lokacin tsayawa. Zuwa
3.4 Gwaji akan tasirin ether na cellulose akan ruwa na turmi mai yawan ruwa mai tsaftar siminti.
3.4.1 Tsarin gwaji don tasirin cellulose ether akan ruwa mai tsaftataccen turmi mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi
Yi amfani da turmi mai ƙarfi don lura da tasirin sa akan iya aiki. Babban ma'anar magana anan shine gwajin ruwa na turmi na farko da rabin sa'a.
Ana ɗaukar abubuwa masu zuwa don shafar motsi:
1 nau'in cellulose ethers,
2 kashi na cellulose ether,
3 Turmi tsayawa lokacin
3.4.2 Sakamakon gwaji da nazarin tasirin cellulose ether akan ruwa na turmi mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi mai tsaftar siminti.
(1) Sakamakon gwajin ruwa na turmi siminti zalla gauraye da CMC
Takaitawa da nazarin sakamakon gwaji:
1. Alamar motsi:
Idan aka kwatanta ƙungiyoyin uku tare da lokaci ɗaya na tsaye, dangane da yanayin farko na ruwa, tare da ƙari na CMC, yawan ruwa na farko ya ragu kadan, kuma lokacin da abun ciki ya kai O. A 15%, akwai raguwa a bayyane; raguwar raguwa na ruwa tare da karuwar abun ciki a cikin rabin sa'a yana kama da ƙimar farko.
2. Alama:
A ka'ida, idan aka kwatanta da tsaftataccen slurry, shigar da tarawa a turmi yana sauƙaƙa don shigar da kumfa na iska a cikin slurry, da kuma toshe tasirin aggregates akan rashin zubar jini shima zai sauƙaƙa don riƙe kumfa na iska ko zubar jini. A cikin slurry, saboda haka, abun cikin kumfa na iska da girman turmi ya kamata ya fi girma da girma fiye da na slurry mai kyau. A daya bangaren kuma, za a iya ganin yadda sinadarin CMC ya karu, ruwa yana raguwa, wanda hakan ke nuna cewa CMC na da wani tasiri mai kauri a kan turmi, sannan gwajin ruwa na rabin sa'a ya nuna cewa kumfa na malalowa a saman. karuwa kadan. , wanda kuma shi ne bayyanar da daidaituwar haɓaka, kuma idan daidaito ya kai wani matsayi, kumfa zai yi wuya a cika, kuma ba za a ga kumfa na fili a saman ba.
(2) Sakamakon gwajin ruwa na turmi siminti zalla gauraye da HPMC (100,000)
Binciken sakamakon gwaji:
1. Alamar motsi:
Ana iya gani daga adadi cewa tare da karuwar abun ciki na HPMC, yawan ruwa yana raguwa sosai. Idan aka kwatanta da CMC, HPMC yana da tasiri mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. Tasiri da riƙewar ruwa sun fi kyau. Daga 0.05% zuwa 0.1%, kewayon canjin canjin ruwa ya fi bayyane, kuma daga O. Bayan 1%, ba canjin farkon ko rabin sa'a a cikin ruwa ya yi girma da yawa.
2. Binciken bayanin al'amari:
Ana iya gani daga tebur da adadi cewa a zahiri babu kumfa a cikin ƙungiyoyin biyu na Mh2 da Mh3, wanda ke nuna cewa dankowar ƙungiyoyin biyu ya riga ya yi girma, yana hana cikar kumfa a cikin slurry.
(3) Sakamakon gwajin ruwa na turmi siminti zalla gauraye da HPMC (150,000)
Binciken sakamakon gwaji:
1. Alamar motsi:
Idan aka kwatanta ƙungiyoyi da yawa tare da lokacin tsayawa iri ɗaya, yanayin gaba ɗaya shine cewa duka ruwa na farko da na rabin sa'a suna raguwa tare da haɓakar abubuwan da ke cikin HPMC, kuma raguwa ya fi bayyane fiye da na HPMC tare da danko na 100,000, yana nuna cewa karuwa da danko na HPMC ya sa ya karu. An ƙarfafa sakamako mai ƙarfi, amma a cikin O. Sakamakon sashi a ƙasa 05% ba a bayyane yake ba, ruwa yana da babban canji a cikin kewayon 0.05% zuwa 0.1%, kuma yanayin ya sake komawa cikin kewayon 0.1% ya canza zuwa -0.15%. A hankali, ko ma daina canzawa. Kwatanta ƙimar asarar ruwa na rabin sa'a (jinin farko da ruwa na rabin sa'a) na HPMC tare da viscosities guda biyu, ana iya gano cewa HPMC tare da babban danko na iya rage ƙimar asarar, yana nuna cewa riƙe ruwa da saita tasirin sakamako shine fiye da na low danko.
2. Binciken bayanin al'amari:
Dangane da sarrafa zubar jini, HPMC guda biyu ba su da ɗan bambanci a cikin tasiri, duka biyun suna iya riƙe ruwa yadda ya kamata kuma su yi kauri, kawar da illolin zubar jini, kuma a lokaci guda suna ba da damar kumfa su mamaye yadda ya kamata.
3.5 Gwaji akan tasirin ether na cellulose akan yawan ruwan turmi mai ƙarfi na tsarin siminti daban-daban.
3.5.1 Tsarin gwaji don tasirin ethers na cellulose akan ruwa na turmi mai ƙarfi na tsarin siminti daban-daban
Har yanzu ana amfani da turmi mai ƙarfi don lura da tasirinsa akan ruwa. Babban alamomin nuni shine gano ruwa na turmi na farko da na rabin sa'a.
(1) Gwajin dabarar ruwan turmi tare da kayan siminti na binary gauraye da CMC da abubuwan ma'adinai daban-daban.
(2) Gwajin ƙirar turmi tare da HPMC (dankowar 100,000) da kayan siminti na binary na abubuwan ma'adinai daban-daban
(3) Gwajin ƙirar turmi tare da HPMC (dankowar 150,000) da kayan siminti na binary na abubuwan ma'adinai daban-daban
3.5.2 Tasirin ether cellulose akan ruwa na turmi mai ruwa mai yawa a cikin tsarin kayan siminti mai binary na nau'ikan ma'adinai daban-daban na sakamakon gwaji da bincike.
(1) Sakamako na farko na gwajin ruwa na turmi cimintious binaryar gauraye da CMC da nau'i-nau'i daban-daban.
Daga sakamakon gwajin farko na ruwa, ana iya ƙarasa da cewa ƙari da tokar gardawa na iya ɗan inganta yawan ruwa na turmi; lokacin da abun ciki na ma'adinai foda shine 10%, za'a iya inganta yawan ruwa na turmi; da silica fume yana da tasiri mafi girma akan ruwa, musamman a cikin kewayon 6% ~ 9% bambancin abun ciki, wanda ya haifar da raguwa a cikin ruwa na kimanin 90mm.
A cikin ƙungiyoyi biyu na gardama ash da kuma ma'adinai foda, CMC rage fluidity na turmi zuwa wani matsayi, yayin da a cikin silica fume kungiyar, O. The karuwa na CMC abun ciki sama da 1% daina muhimmanci rinjayar da fluidity na turmi.
Sakamakon gwajin ruwa na rabin sa'a na turmi cimintious binaryar gauraye da CMC da wasu abubuwa daban-daban
Daga sakamakon gwajin gwajin ruwa a cikin rabin sa'a, ana iya ƙaddamar da cewa tasirin abun ciki na admixture da CMC yana kama da na farko, amma abun ciki na CMC a cikin rukunin foda na ma'adinai ya canza daga O. 1% zuwa O. Canjin 2% ya fi girma, a 30mm.
Dangane da asarar ruwa a cikin lokaci, ash na tashi yana da tasirin rage hasara, yayin da foda na ma'adinai da silica fume zai kara yawan hasara a karkashin babban sashi. Matsakaicin kashi 9% na fume silica shima yana haifar da rashin cika samfurin gwajin da kanta. , ba za a iya auna yawan ruwa daidai ba.
(2) Sakamakon gwajin ruwa na farko na turmi cimintious binaryar gauraye da HPMC (dankowar 100,000) da ƙari daban-daban
Sakamakon gwajin ruwa na rabin sa'a na turmi cimintious binary gauraye da HPMC (dankowar 100,000) da ƙari daban-daban
Har yanzu ana iya ƙarewa ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen cewa ƙari da tokar kuda zai iya ɗan inganta yawan ruwan turmi; lokacin da abun ciki na ma'adinai foda shine 10%, za'a iya inganta yawan ruwa na turmi; Matsakaicin yana da matukar damuwa, kuma ƙungiyar HPMC tare da babban sashi a kashi 9% yana da matattu aibobi, kuma ruwa yana ɓacewa.
Abubuwan da ke cikin ether cellulose da silica fume suma sune abubuwan da suka fi fitowa fili da ke shafar ruwan turmi. Tasirin HPMC tabbas ya fi na CMC girma. Sauran admixtures na iya inganta asarar ruwa a cikin lokaci.
(3) Sakamakon gwajin ruwa na farko na turmi cimintious binary gauraye da HPMC (dankowar 150,000) da ƙari daban-daban
Sakamakon gwajin ruwa na rabin sa'a na turmi cimintious binary gauraye da HPMC (dankowar 150,000) da ƙari daban-daban
Har yanzu ana iya ƙarewa ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen cewa ƙari da tokar kuda zai iya ɗan inganta yawan ruwan turmi; lokacin da abun ciki na foda na ma'adinai ya kasance 10%, za a iya inganta yawan ruwa na turmi: silica fume har yanzu yana da tasiri sosai wajen magance matsalar zubar jini, yayin da Fluidity yana da mummunar tasiri, amma ba shi da tasiri fiye da tasirinsa a cikin tsabtataccen slurries. .
A babban adadin matattu spots bayyana a karkashin babban abun ciki na cellulose ether (musamman a cikin tebur na rabin-hour fluidity), nuna cewa HPMC yana da gagarumin tasiri a kan rage fluidity na turmi, da kuma ma'adinai foda da kuma gardama ash iya inganta asarar. na fluidity na tsawon lokaci.
3.5 Takaitaccen Babi
1. Cikakken kwatanta gwajin ruwa na simintin siminti mai tsafta gauraye da ethers cellulose uku, ana iya ganin cewa.
1. CMC yana da wasu abubuwan da aka jinkirta da kuma tasirin iska, rashin ƙarfi na ruwa, da wasu hasara na tsawon lokaci.
2. Sakamakon riƙewar ruwa na HPMC a bayyane yake, kuma yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan jihar, kuma yawan ruwa yana raguwa sosai tare da karuwar abun ciki. Yana da wani tasiri mai hana iska, kuma kauri a bayyane yake. 15% zai haifar da manyan kumfa a cikin slurry, wanda ke daure ya zama mai lahani ga ƙarfin. Tare da haɓaka dankowar HPMC, asarar da ta dogara da lokaci na slurry fluidity ya ƙaru kaɗan, amma ba a bayyane yake ba.
2. Cikakken kwatanta slurry fluidity gwajin na binary gelling tsarin daban-daban ma'adinai admixtures gauraye da uku cellulose ethers, za a iya gani cewa:
1. Dokokin tasiri na uku cellulose ethers a kan fluidity na slurry na binary cementitious tsarin na daban-daban ma'adinai admixtures yana da halaye kama da tasiri dokar na fluidity na tsarki ciminti slurry. CMC yana da ɗan tasiri akan sarrafa jini, kuma yana da tasiri mai rauni akan rage yawan ruwa; nau'ikan HPMC guda biyu na iya haɓaka dankowar slurry da rage yawan ruwa sosai, kuma wanda yake da ɗanko mafi girma yana da ƙarin tasiri a fili.
2. Daga cikin admixtures, gardama ash yana da wani mataki na inganta a kan farkon da rabin sa'a fluidity na tsarki slurry, da kuma abun ciki na 30% za a iya ƙara da game da 30mm; Sakamakon ma'adinai foda a kan ruwa na slurry mai tsabta ba shi da wani tsari na yau da kullum; silicon Ko da yake abin da ke cikin ash ba shi da ƙasa, ƙayyadaddun ingancinsa na musamman, saurin amsawa, da kuma adsorption mai ƙarfi yana sa ya rage yawan ruwa na slurry, musamman lokacin da aka ƙara 0.15% HPMC, za a sami mazugi na mazugi waɗanda ba za a iya cika su ba. Al'amarin.
3. A cikin kula da zubar jini, tokar kuda da foda na ma'adinai ba a bayyane suke ba, kuma hayaƙin siliki yana iya rage yawan zubar jini a fili.
4. Dangane da asarar ruwa na rabin sa'a, asarar ƙimar tokar kuda ta fi ƙanƙanta, kuma asarar ƙimar ƙungiyar da ke haɗa hayaƙin siliki ya fi girma.
5. A cikin bambance-bambancen nau'in abun ciki, abubuwan da suka shafi ruwa na slurry, abun ciki na HPMC da silica fume sune abubuwan farko, ko dai kula da zubar da jini ko kuma kula da yanayin gudana, shi ne. in mun gwada da bayyane. Tasirin foda na ma'adinai da foda na ma'adinai shine na biyu, kuma yana taka rawar daidaitawa na taimako.
3. Cikakken kwatanta gwajin ruwa na turmi siminti zalla gauraye da ethers cellulose guda uku, ana iya ganin cewa.
1. Bayan an ƙara ethers na cellulose guda uku, an kawar da abin da ke faruwa na jini yadda ya kamata, kuma yawan ruwa na turmi ya ragu. Wasu kauri, tasirin riƙe ruwa. CMC yana da wasu abubuwan da aka jinkirta da kuma tasirin iska, rashin ƙarfi na ruwa, da wasu hasara a kan lokaci.
2. Bayan ƙara CMC, asarar turmi ruwa a kan lokaci yana ƙaruwa, wanda zai iya zama saboda CMC shine ionic cellulose ether, wanda yake da sauƙi don samar da hazo tare da Ca2 + a cikin siminti.
3. Kwatankwacin ethers na cellulose guda uku ya nuna cewa CMC ba ta da tasiri a kan ruwa, kuma nau'in HPMC guda biyu yana rage yawan ruwa na turmi a cikin abun ciki na 1/1000, kuma wanda yake da danko mafi girma ya dan kadan. bayyane.
4. Nau'in nau'in cellulose ethers guda uku suna da tasiri mai tasiri na iska, wanda zai haifar da kumfa na sama don ambaliya, amma lokacin da abun ciki na HPMC ya kai fiye da 0.1%, saboda babban danko na slurry, kumfa ya kasance a cikin slurry kuma ba zai iya ambaliya.
5. Tasirin riƙewar ruwa na HPMC a bayyane yake, wanda ke da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan yanayin cakuda, kuma yawan ruwa yana raguwa sosai tare da karuwar abun ciki, kuma mai girma yana bayyane.
4. Comprehensively kwatanta fluidity gwajin mahara ma'adinai admixture binary cementitious kayan gauraye da uku cellulose ethers.
Kamar yadda ake iya gani:
1. Doka ta tasiri na ethers cellulose uku akan ruwa na turmi mai nau'in siminti mai nau'i-nau'i da yawa yana kama da dokar tasiri akan ruwa mai tsabta. CMC yana da ɗan tasiri akan sarrafa jini, kuma yana da tasiri mai rauni akan rage yawan ruwa; nau'ikan HPMC guda biyu na iya ƙara ɗankowar turmi da rage yawan ruwa sosai, kuma wanda yake da ɗanko mafi girma yana da ƙarin tasiri a fili.
2. Daga cikin admixtures, gardama ash yana da wani mataki na ingantawa na farko da rabin sa'a na ruwa mai tsabta; tasiri na slag foda a kan ruwa mai tsabta na slurry mai tsabta ba shi da wani tsari na yau da kullum; ko da yake abun ciki na silica fume ne low, ta musamman ultra-fineness, sauri dauki da kuma karfi adsorption sa shi da babban ragi tasiri a kan ruwa na slurry. Duk da haka, idan aka kwatanta da sakamakon gwajin na manna mai tsabta, an gano cewa tasirin admixtures yana yin rauni.
3. A cikin kula da zubar jini, tokar kuda da foda na ma'adinai ba a bayyane suke ba, kuma hayaƙin siliki yana iya rage yawan zubar jini a fili.
4. A cikin bambance bambancen sashi na sashi, da abubuwan da suka shafi ruwan turmi, sashi na HPMC da silica fue sune manyan abubuwan, ko ikon zubar jini ne, ya fi ƙarfin jihar kwarara, ya fi ƙarfin jihar kwarara, ya fi ƙarfin jihar kwarara, ya fi ƙarfin jihar kwarara, ya fi ƙarfin jihar kwarara, ya fi ikon tafiyar da jihar a bayyane, da silica fume 9% Lokacin da abun ciki na HPMC ya kasance 0.15%, yana da sauƙi don haifar da cikawar mold ya zama da wuya a cika, kuma tasirin sauran abubuwan da aka haɗa shi ne sakandare kuma yana taka rawar daidaitawa.
5. Za a sami kumfa a saman turmi tare da ruwa fiye da 250mm, amma ƙungiyar maras kyau ba tare da ether cellulose ba gaba ɗaya ba ta da kumfa ko ƙananan ƙananan kumfa, yana nuna cewa ether cellulose yana da wani nau'i na iska. tasiri kuma yana sanya slurry danko. Bugu da kari, saboda da wuce kima danko na turmi tare da matalauta fluidity, yana da wuya ga iska kumfa zuwa iyo sama da kai-nauyin sakamako na slurry, amma an riƙe a cikin turmi, da kuma tasiri a kan ƙarfi ba zai iya zama. watsi.
Babi na 4 Tasirin Ethers Cellulose akan Halayen Injin Turmi
Babin da ya gabata ya yi nazarin tasirin haɗuwa da amfani da ether na cellulose da nau'ikan ma'adinai daban-daban a kan ruwa mai tsabta na slurry mai tsabta da kuma turmi mai girma. Wannan babi yafi yin nazarin haɗakar amfani da cellulose ether da daban-daban admixtures a kan high fluidity turmi Kuma da tasiri na matsawa da flexural ƙarfi na bonding turmi, da dangantaka tsakanin tensile bonding ƙarfi na bonding turmi da cellulose ether da ma'adinai. Admixtures kuma an taƙaita shi kuma an bincika.
Dangane da binciken da aka yi akan aikin ether cellulose zuwa siminti na tushen siminti na manna da turmi mai tsabta a Babi na 3, a cikin yanayin gwajin ƙarfin, abun ciki na ether cellulose shine 0.1%.
4.1 Gwajin ƙarfin matsa lamba da sassauƙa na turmi mai ƙarfi
An bincika ƙarfin matsawa da sassauƙa na ma'adinan ma'adinai da ethers cellulose a cikin turmi jiko mai yawan ruwa.
4.1.1 Gwajin tasiri akan matsawa da ƙarfin sassauƙa na tsantsar turmi mai ƙarfi na tushen siminti
An gudanar da tasirin nau'ikan nau'ikan ethers na cellulose guda uku akan abubuwan haɓakawa da haɓakar turmi mai tsaftar siminti mai ƙarfi a cikin shekaru daban-daban a ƙayyadaddun abun ciki na 0.1% anan.
Binciken ƙarfin farko: Dangane da ƙarfin sassauƙa, CMC yana da wani tasiri mai ƙarfafawa, yayin da HPMC yana da wani tasiri na ragewa; dangane da ƙarfin matsawa, haɗakar da ether cellulose yana da irin wannan doka tare da ƙarfin sassauci; danko na HPMC yana rinjayar ƙarfin biyu. Yana da ƙananan tasiri: dangane da ma'auni na matsa lamba, dukkanin ethers cellulose guda uku na iya rage girman girman girman da kuma inganta sassaucin turmi. Daga cikin su, HPMC tare da danko na 150,000 yana da mafi kyawun tasiri.
(2) Sakamakon gwajin ƙarfin ƙarfin kwana bakwai
Binciken ƙarfin kwana bakwai: Dangane da ƙarfin sassauƙa da ƙarfi, akwai irin wannan doka da ƙarfin kwana uku. Idan aka kwatanta da matsa lamba na kwana uku, akwai ɗan ƙara ƙarar ƙarfin matsa lamba. Koyaya, kwatankwacin bayanan lokacin shekarun iri ɗaya na iya ganin tasirin HPMC akan raguwar matsi-nayawa rabo. in mun gwada da bayyane.
(3) Sakamakon gwajin ƙarfin ƙarfin kwana ashirin da takwas
Binciken ƙarfin kwana ashirin da takwas: Dangane da ƙarfin sassauƙa da ƙarfin matsawa, akwai dokoki kama da ƙarfin kwana uku. Ƙarfin sassauƙa yana ƙaruwa a hankali, kuma ƙarfin matsawa har yanzu yana ƙaruwa zuwa wani yanki. Kwatankwacin bayanai na lokacin shekarun iri ɗaya ya nuna cewa HPMC yana da ƙarin tasiri a bayyane kan haɓaka ƙimar matsawa.
Dangane da gwajin ƙarfin wannan sashe, an gano cewa haɓakar ƙwanƙwasa turmi yana iyakancewa ta hanyar CMC, kuma wani lokacin matsi-zuwa ninki yana ƙaruwa, yana sa turmin ya yi rauni. A lokaci guda, tun da tasirin riƙewar ruwa ya fi na kowa fiye da na HPMC, ether cellulose da muke la'akari da gwajin ƙarfin a nan shine HPMC na viscosities biyu. Ko da yake HPMC yana da wani tasiri akan rage ƙarfin (musamman ga ƙarfin farko), yana da amfani don rage yawan matsawa-refraction rabo, wanda ke da amfani ga taurin turmi. Bugu da ƙari, haɗe tare da abubuwan da suka shafi ruwa a cikin Babi na 3, a cikin nazarin abubuwan da ake amfani da su na admixtures da CE A cikin gwajin tasirin, za mu yi amfani da HPMC (100,000) a matsayin daidaitaccen CE.
4.1.2 Gwajin tasiri na matsawa da ƙarfi na ma'adinai admixture high fluidity turmi
Dangane da gwajin ruwa na tsaftataccen slurry da turmi gauraye da admixtures a babin da ya gabata, za a iya ganin cewa ruwan hayakin siliki ya lalace a fili saboda yawan buƙatun ruwa, ko da yake yana iya inganta ƙima da ƙarfi. wani iyaka. , musamman ma ƙarfin matsawa, amma yana da sauƙi don haifar da matsi-zuwa ninki ya yi girma da yawa, wanda ya sa fasalin turmi ya zama abin ban mamaki, kuma yana da ra'ayi cewa silica fume yana ƙara raguwa na turmi. A lokaci guda kuma, saboda rashin raguwar kwarangwal na kwarangwal, raguwar darajar turmi yana da girma dangane da kankare. Don turmi (musamman turmi na musamman kamar turmi mai ɗaure da filasta), babban cutarwa galibi shine raguwa. Don tsagewar lalacewa ta hanyar asarar ruwa, ƙarfin yawanci ba shine mafi mahimmancin abu ba. Saboda haka, silica fume aka jefar da a matsayin admixture, kuma kawai tashi ash da kuma ma'adinai foda aka yi amfani da su gano sakamakon da hadaddun sakamako da cellulose ether a kan ƙarfi.
4.1.2.1 Matsakaicin ƙarfi da tsarin gwajin ƙarfin sassauƙa na turmi mai ƙarfi
A cikin wannan gwaji, an yi amfani da adadin turmi a cikin 4.1.1, kuma an daidaita abun ciki na ether cellulose a 0.1% kuma idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar maras kyau. Matsakaicin adadin gwajin admixture shine 0%, 10%, 20% da 30%.
4.1.2.2 Sakamakon gwajin ƙarfi na matsawa da sassauƙa da bincike na turmi mai ƙarfi
Ana iya gani daga ƙimar gwajin ƙarfin matsawa cewa ƙarfin matsawa na 3d bayan ƙara HPMC shine kusan 5/VIPA ƙasa da na rukunin mara tushe. Gabaɗaya, tare da haɓakar adadin ƙarar da aka ƙara, ƙarfin matsawa yana nuna yanayin raguwa. . Dangane da admixtures, ƙarfin ƙungiyar foda mai ma'adinai ba tare da HPMC ba shine mafi kyau, yayin da ƙarfin ƙungiyar kuda ya ɗan ƙasa kaɗan fiye da rukunin foda na ma'adinai, yana nuna cewa foda mai ma'adinai ba ta aiki kamar siminti. kuma shigar da shi zai dan rage karfin farkon tsarin. Tokar gardama tare da mafi ƙarancin aiki yana rage ƙarfi sosai a fili. Dalilin binciken ya kamata ya kasance cewa ash gardama yafi shiga cikin hydration na siminti na biyu, kuma baya taimakawa sosai ga ƙarfin farkon turmi.
Ana iya gani daga ƙimar gwajin ƙarfin flexural cewa HPMC har yanzu yana da mummunan tasiri akan ƙarfin sassauci, amma lokacin da abun ciki na admixture ya fi girma, al'amarin na rage ƙarfin flexural ba a bayyane yake ba. Dalili na iya zama tasirin riƙe ruwa na HPMC. Adadin asarar ruwa a saman shingen gwajin turmi yana raguwa, kuma ruwan don samar da ruwa ya isa sosai.
Dangane da admixtures, ƙarfin flexural yana nuna raguwar haɓaka tare da haɓaka abun ciki na admixture, kuma ƙarfin juzu'i na ƙungiyar foda mai ma'adinai kuma ya fi girma fiye da na ƙungiyar gardama, yana nuna cewa aikin ma'adinan foda shine. ya fi na kuda ash.
Ana iya gani daga ƙididdige ƙimar ƙimar matsawa-raguwa cewa ƙari na HPMC zai rage ƙimar matsawa yadda ya kamata kuma ya inganta sassaucin turmi, amma a zahiri yana kashe babban raguwar ƙarfin matsawa.
Dangane da abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su, yayin da adadin adadin kuzari ya karu, ma'aunin matsawa yana ƙara karuwa, yana nuna cewa admixture ba ya dace da sassaucin turmi. Bugu da kari, ana iya gano cewa matsi-ninki rabo na turmi ba tare da HPMC yana ƙaruwa tare da ƙari na admixture. Ƙaruwar ya ɗan fi girma, wato, HPMC na iya inganta haɓakar turmi wanda ya haifar da ƙari na admixtures zuwa wani matsayi.
Ana iya ganin cewa don ƙarfin matsawa na 7d, mummunan tasirin admixtures ba a bayyane yake ba. Matsakaicin ƙarfin matsawa kusan iri ɗaya ne a kowane matakin sashi na admixture, kuma HPMC har yanzu yana da ƙarancin lahani akan ƙarfin matsawa. tasiri.
Ana iya ganin cewa dangane da ƙarfin gyare-gyare, admixture yana da mummunar tasiri a kan juriya na 7d gaba ɗaya, kuma kawai ƙungiyar ma'adinan ma'adinai sun yi mafi kyau, ana kiyaye su a 11-12MPa.
Ana iya ganin cewa admixture yana da mummunar tasiri dangane da rabon indentation. Tare da karuwar adadin admixture, rabon indentation yana ƙaruwa a hankali, wato, turmi yana raguwa. HPMC na iya a fili rage matsi-ninka rabo da inganta brittleness na turmi.
Ana iya ganin cewa daga 28d matsawa ƙarfi, da admixture ya taka leda mafi bayyananne amfani sakamako a kan daga baya ƙarfi, da kuma matsawa ƙarfi ya karu da 3-5MPa, wanda shi ne yafi saboda micro-cike sakamako na admixture. da pozzolanic abu. Sakamakon hydration na biyu na kayan, a gefe guda, na iya amfani da cinye sinadarin calcium hydroxide da aka samar ta hanyar siminti hydration (calcium hydroxide wani lokaci mai rauni ne a cikin turmi, kuma haɓakar sa a cikin yankin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsaki yana da lahani ga ƙarfi). samar da ƙarin samfuran samar da ruwa, a gefe guda, suna haɓaka matakin hydration na siminti kuma yana sa turmi ya yi yawa. Har yanzu HPMC yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan ƙarfin matsawa, kuma ƙarfin rauni zai iya kaiwa fiye da 10MPa. Don nazarin dalilan, HPMC ya gabatar da wani adadin kumfa na iska a cikin tsarin hadawa na turmi, wanda ke rage girman jikin turmi. Wannan dalili daya ne. HPMC yana da sauƙin adsorbed a saman m barbashi don samar da wani fim, hana hydration tsari, da interface mika mulki yankin ne mai rauni, wanda ba conducive ga ƙarfi.
Ana iya ganin cewa dangane da ƙarfin sassauƙawar 28d, bayanan yana da yaduwa mafi girma fiye da ƙarfin matsawa, amma ana iya ganin mummunan tasirin HPMC.
Ana iya ganin cewa, daga ra'ayi na matsawa-raguwa rabo, HPMC yana da amfani gabaɗaya don rage raguwa-raguwa rabo da inganta taurin turmi. A cikin rukuni ɗaya, tare da ƙara yawan adadin admixtures, ma'anar matsawa-refraction yana ƙaruwa. Binciken dalilai ya nuna cewa haɗakarwa yana da ingantaccen haɓakawa a cikin ƙarfin matsawa na baya, amma ƙarancin haɓakawa a cikin ƙarfin juzu'i na baya, yana haifar da matsi-matsawa rabo. inganta.
4.2 Gwaje-gwajen ƙarfin matsi da sassauƙa na turmi mai ɗaure
Domin bincika tasirin ether cellulose da admixture a kan matsawa da ƙarfin sassauƙa na turmi mai ɗaure, gwajin ya daidaita abun ciki na cellulose ether HPMC (dankowar 100,000) kamar 0.30% na busassun nauyin turmi. kuma idan aka kwatanta da rukunin da ba komai.
Admixtures (fly ash da slag foda) har yanzu ana gwada su a 0%, 10%, 20%, da 30%.
4.2.1 Matsakaicin ƙarfi da tsarin gwajin ƙarfin sassauƙa na turmi mai ɗaure
4.2.2 Sakamakon gwaji da bincike na tasirin matsawa da ƙarfi na turmi mai ɗaurewa.
Ana iya gani daga gwajin cewa HPMC ba shi da kyau a fili dangane da ƙarfin 28d mai ƙarfi na turmi mai haɗawa, wanda zai sa ƙarfin ya ragu da kusan 5MPa, amma mabuɗin alama don yin la'akari da ingancin turmi mai haɗawa ba shine ƙarfin matsawa, don haka yana da karɓa; Lokacin da abun ciki na fili ya kasance 20%, ƙarfin matsawa yana da ingantacciyar manufa.
Ana iya gani daga gwajin cewa daga hangen nesa na ƙarfin sassauƙa, raguwar ƙarfin da HPMC ke haifarwa ba ta da girma. Wataƙila turmin haɗin gwiwa yana da ƙarancin ruwa mara kyau da bayyanannun halayen filastik idan aka kwatanta da turmi mai ƙarfi. Abubuwan da ke da kyau na zamewa da riƙewar ruwa da kyau suna daidaita wasu mummunan tasirin gabatar da iskar gas don rage ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ra'ayi; admixtures ba su da wani tasiri mai tasiri a kan ƙarfin sassauƙa, kuma bayanan ƙungiyar gardama suna jujjuyawa kaɗan.
Ana iya gani daga gwaje-gwajen cewa, dangane da yanayin raguwa-raguwa, gabaɗaya, haɓakar abin da ke cikin admixture yana ƙara yawan raguwa-raguwa, wanda ba shi da kyau ga taurin turmi; HPMC yana da tasiri mai kyau, wanda zai iya rage matsi-rage rabo ta O. 5 a sama, ya kamata a nuna cewa, bisa ga "JG 149.2003 Expanded Polystyrene Board Thin Plaster External Wall External Insulation System", gabaɗaya babu wani buƙatu na wajibi. domin matsawa-folding rabo a cikin ganewa index na bonding turmi, da matsawa-nadawa rabo ne yafi An yi amfani da su iyakance ga brittleness na plastering turmi, kuma wannan index ne kawai amfani da matsayin tunani ga sassauci na bonding. turmi.
4.3 Gwajin Ƙarfin Ƙarfi na Ƙarfin Ƙarfafawa
Don bincika tasirin tasirin tasirin aikace-aikacen ether na cellulose da admixture akan ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na turmi mai ɗaure, koma zuwa "JG/T3049.1998 Putty for Building Interior" da "JG 149.2003 Faɗaɗɗen Jirgin Polystyrene Thin Plastering Exterior Walls" Insulation Tsarin”, mun gudanar da gwajin ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na turmi mai haɗawa, ta yin amfani da ɗimbin turmi a cikin Tebur 4.2.1, da kuma gyara abun ciki na cellulose ether HPMC (dankowar 100,000) zuwa 0 na busassun nauyin turmi .30% , kuma idan aka kwatanta da rukunin da ba komai.
Admixtures (fly ash da slag foda) har yanzu ana gwada su a 0%, 10%, 20%, da 30%.
4.3.1 Tsarin gwaji na ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na turmi
4.3.2 Sakamakon gwaji da nazarin ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na turmi
(1) Sakamakon gwajin ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na 14d na turmi mai haɗawa da turmi siminti
Za a iya gani daga gwajin cewa ƙungiyoyin da aka haɗa tare da HPMC sun fi rukunin da ba kowa ba, wanda ke nuna cewa HPMC yana da amfani ga ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa, musamman saboda tasirin riƙewar ruwa na HPMC yana kare ruwa a hanyar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin turmi da tubalin gwajin turmi siminti. Turmi mai haɗawa a wurin dubawa yana da cikakken ruwa, don haka ƙara ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa.
Dangane da admixtures, ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa yana da inganci sosai a kashi 10%, kuma kodayake ƙimar hydration da saurin simintin za a iya inganta shi a babban sashi, zai haifar da raguwar ƙimar hydration gabaɗaya na siminti. abu, don haka haifar da m. rage ƙarfin kulli.
Ana iya gani daga gwajin cewa dangane da ƙimar gwajin ƙarfin lokacin aiki, bayanan suna da ɗanɗano kaɗan, kuma haɗakarwa ba ta da tasiri kaɗan, amma gabaɗaya, idan aka kwatanta da ƙarfin asali, akwai raguwa kaɗan, kuma raguwar HPMC ya fi na rukunin da ba komai ba, yana nuna cewa an kammala cewa tasirin riƙewar ruwa na HPMC yana da amfani ga rage rarrabuwar ruwa, ta yadda raguwar ƙarfin haɗin turmi ya ragu bayan 2.5h.
(2) Sakamakon gwajin ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na 14d na turmi mai haɗawa da allon polystyrene mai faɗaɗa
Ana iya gani daga gwajin cewa ƙimar gwajin ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin turmi mai haɗawa da allon polystyrene ya fi hankali. Gabaɗaya, ana iya ganin cewa ƙungiyar da aka haɗe da HPMC ta fi tasiri fiye da rukunin da ba kowa ba saboda ingantaccen ruwa. Da kyau, haɗawa da admixtures yana rage kwanciyar hankali na gwajin ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa.
4.4 Takaitaccen Babi
1. Don babban turmi mai ruwa, tare da karuwar shekaru, ma'auni na matsawa yana da haɓaka zuwa sama; shigar da HPMC yana da tasirin gaske na rage ƙarfin (raguwar ƙarfin matsawa ya fi bayyane), wanda kuma yana haifar da Ragewar matsi-folding rabo, wato, HPMC yana da tabbataccen taimako don haɓaka taurin turmi. . Dangane da ƙarfin kwana uku, ash tashi da foda na ma'adinai na iya ba da gudummawa kaɗan ga ƙarfin a 10%, yayin da ƙarfin ya ragu a babban sashi, kuma ƙimar murkushewa yana ƙaruwa tare da haɓaka haɓakar ma'adinai; a cikin ƙarfin kwana bakwai, Admixtures biyu ba su da tasiri kaɗan akan ƙarfin, amma tasirin raguwar ƙarfin kudawa gabaɗaya har yanzu a bayyane yake; dangane da ƙarfin 28-day, nau'i-nau'i guda biyu sun ba da gudummawa ga ƙarfin ƙarfi, matsawa da haɓakawa. Dukansu sun ƙaru kaɗan, amma har yanzu adadin matsa lamba ya karu tare da karuwar abun ciki.
2. Domin 28d compressive da flexural ƙarfi na bonded turmi, a lokacin da admixture abun ciki ne 20%, da matsawa da flexural ƙarfin yi ne mafi alhẽri, da kuma admixture har yanzu take kaiwa zuwa wani karamin karuwa a cikin compressive-ninka rabo, nuna ta Adverse. tasiri akan taurin turmi; HPMC yana haifar da raguwar ƙarfi sosai, amma yana iya rage matsi-zuwa-ninka rabo.
3. Game da ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na turmi mai ɗaure, HPMC yana da wani tasiri mai kyau akan ƙarfin haɗin. Binciken ya kamata ya zama cewa tasirin sa na ruwa yana rage asarar turmi da kuma tabbatar da isasshen ruwa; Dangantaka tsakanin abun ciki na cakuda ba na yau da kullun ba ne, kuma aikin gabaɗaya ya fi kyau tare da turmi siminti lokacin da abun ciki ya kasance 10%.
Babi na 5 Hanya don Hasashen Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Turmi da Kankare
A cikin wannan babi, an gabatar da wata hanya don tsinkayar ƙarfin kayan tushen siminti dangane da haɓaka ayyukan haɗaka da ka'idar ƙarfin FERET. Da farko muna tunanin turmi a matsayin nau'in kankare na musamman ba tare da tari ba.
Sanannen abu ne cewa ƙarfin matsawa alama ce mai mahimmanci ga kayan da ake amfani da su na siminti (concrete da turmi) waɗanda aka yi amfani da su azaman kayan gini. Duk da haka, saboda abubuwa masu tasiri da yawa, babu wani samfurin lissafi wanda zai iya yin hasashen girmansa daidai. Wannan yana haifar da wasu rashin jin daɗi ga ƙira, samarwa da amfani da turmi da kankare. The data kasance model na kankare ƙarfi da nasu abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani: wasu tsinkaya ƙarfin kankare ta hanyar porosity na kankare daga na kowa ra'ayi na porosity na m kayan; wasu suna mai da hankali kan tasirin dangantakar rabon ruwa-binder akan ƙarfi. Wannan takarda galibi tana haɗa ƙimar aikin pozzolanic admixture tare da ka'idar ƙarfin Feret, kuma tana yin wasu gyare-gyare don sa ta fi dacewa da tsinkayar ƙarfin matsawa.
5.1 Ka'idar Ƙarfin Feret
A cikin 1892, Feret ya kafa farkon ƙirar lissafi don tsinkayar ƙarfin matsawa. Ƙarƙashin ƙaddamar da kayan da aka ba da siminti, tsarin tsinkayar ƙarfin kankare an gabatar da shi a karon farko.
Amfanin wannan dabarar ita ce, maida hankali na grout, wanda ke da alaƙa da ƙarfin kankare, yana da ma'anar ma'anar zahiri. A lokaci guda, ana la'akari da tasirin abubuwan da ke cikin iska, kuma ana iya tabbatar da daidaitaccen tsari a jiki. Dalilin wannan dabara shi ne cewa yana bayyana bayanin cewa akwai iyaka ga ƙarfin kankare da za a iya samu. Rashin hasara shi ne cewa ya yi watsi da tasiri na girman ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, siffar barbashi da nau'in tarawa. Lokacin tsinkayar ƙarfin kankare a shekaru daban-daban ta hanyar daidaita ƙimar K, alaƙar da ke tsakanin ƙarfi daban-daban da shekaru ana bayyana azaman saitin bambance-bambance ta hanyar haɗin kai. Kwangilar ba ta dace da ainihin halin da ake ciki ba (musamman lokacin da shekaru ya fi tsayi). Tabbas, wannan dabarar da Feret ya gabatar an tsara shi don turmi na 10.20MPa. Ba zai iya daidaitawa da haɓaka ƙarfin matsi na kankare ba da kuma tasirin haɓaka abubuwan haɓaka saboda ci gaban fasahar simintin turmi.
Ana la'akari da cewa ƙarfin siminti (musamman na siminti na yau da kullun) ya dogara ne akan ƙarfin turmin siminti a cikin siminti, kuma ƙarfin turmin simintin ya dogara ne akan yawan man simintin, wato, yawan adadin adadin kuzari. na siminti abu a cikin manna.
Ka'idar tana da alaƙa ta kut da kut da tasirin tasirin rabo mara kyau akan ƙarfi. Duk da haka, saboda an gabatar da ka'idar a baya, ba a yi la'akari da tasirin abubuwan haɗin gwiwa a kan ƙarfin kankare ba. Don ganin wannan, wannan takarda za ta gabatar da maƙasudin tasiri na admixture dangane da ƙimar aiki don gyara ɓangarori. A lokaci guda, akan wannan dabarar, ana sake gina tasirin tasirin porosity akan ƙarfin kankare.
5.2 Yawan aiki
Ana amfani da ƙimar aiki, Kp, don bayyana tasirin kayan pozzolanic akan ƙarfin matsawa. Babu shakka, ya dogara da yanayin kayan pozzolanic kanta, amma kuma akan shekarun siminti. Ka'idar ƙayyadaddun ƙididdiga na aiki shine kwatanta ƙarfin matsawa na daidaitaccen turmi tare da ƙarfin matsawa na wani turmi tare da pozzolanic admixtures da maye gurbin siminti tare da adadin siminti iri ɗaya (ƙasar p ita ce gwajin gwajin aiki. Yi amfani da surrogate). kashi). Adadin waɗannan intensities guda biyu ana kiransa aikin coefficient fO), inda t shine shekarun turmi a lokacin gwaji. Idan fO) bai kai 1 ba, aikin pozzolan bai kai na siminti r ba. Sabanin haka, idan fO) ya fi 1 girma, pozzolan yana da mafi girma reactivity (wannan yakan faru lokacin da aka ƙara fume silica).
Don ƙimar aikin da aka saba amfani da shi a ƙarfin matsawa na kwanaki 28, bisa ga ((GBT18046.2008 Granulated fashewa tanderun slag foda da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin siminti da kankare) H90, ƙimar aiki na granulated fashewa tanderun slag foda yana cikin daidaitaccen turmi siminti The ƙarfi rabo samu ta hanyar maye gurbin 50% ciminti bisa ga gwajin ((GBT1596.2005 Fly ash amfani da siminti da kankare), da aiki coefficient na gardama ash samu bayan maye gurbin 30% ciment a kan daidaitaccen turmi siminti; gwajin Bisa ga "GB.T27690.2011 Silica Fume for Mortar and Concrete", yawan aiki na silica fume shine ƙarfin ƙarfin da aka samu ta maye gurbin 10% ciminti bisa daidaitaccen gwajin turmi na siminti.
Gabaɗaya, granulated fashewa tanderun slag foda Kp=0.95～1.10, tashi ash Kp=0.7-1.05, silica fume Kp=1.00～1.15. Muna ɗauka cewa tasirinsa akan ƙarfin yana zaman kansa daga siminti. Wato, ya kamata a sarrafa tsarin halayen pozzolanic ta hanyar reactivity na pozzolan, ba ta hanyar hazo na lemun tsami na ciminti hydration ba.
5.3 Tasirin ƙididdiga na admixture akan ƙarfi
5.4 Tasirin adadin yawan ruwa akan ƙarfi
5.5 Tasirin ƙididdiga na jimlar abun da ke ciki akan ƙarfi
Bisa ga ra'ayoyin furofesoshi PK Mehta da PC Aitcin a Amurka, don cimma mafi kyawun aiki da kaddarorin ƙarfi na HPC a lokaci guda, ƙimar simintin slurry zuwa tara ya kamata ya zama 35:65 [4810] na gabaɗaya filastik da ruwa. Jimlar adadin jimlar siminti baya canzawa da yawa. Muddin ƙarfin haɗin ginin da kansa ya cika buƙatun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai, an yi watsi da tasirin jimlar jimlar a kan ƙarfin, kuma ana iya ƙaddara juzu'i na gaba ɗaya a cikin 60-70% bisa ga buƙatun slump. .
An yi imani da cewa rabo na m da lafiya aggregates zai yi wani tasiri a kan ƙarfin kankare. Kamar yadda muka sani, mafi raunin sashi a cikin kankare shine yanayin mu'amala tsakanin tarawa da siminti da sauran manna kayan siminti. Sabili da haka, gazawar ƙarshe na kankare na gama gari shine saboda lalacewar farko na yankin canjin yanayi a ƙarƙashin damuwa da ke haifar da abubuwa kamar nauyi ko canjin zafin jiki. lalacewa ta hanyar ci gaba da ci gaba da fasa. Sabili da haka, lokacin da matakin hydration ya yi kama, mafi girman yankin sauyawar mu'amala shine, mafi sauƙin fashewar farko zai haɓaka zuwa tsayin daka ta hanyar tsagewa bayan maida hankali. Wato, da ƙarin m aggregates tare da ƙarin na yau da kullum na geometric siffofi da kuma ya fi girma ma'auni a cikin mu'amala mika mulki yankin, da girma da danniya taro yiwuwa na farko fasa, da macroscopically bayyana cewa kankare ƙarfi yana ƙaruwa tare da karuwa da m tara. rabo. rage. Koyaya, abin da ke sama shine cewa ana buƙatar ya zama matsakaiciyar yashi mai ƙarancin laka.
Yawan yashi kuma yana da wani tasiri akan slump. Sabili da haka, ana iya saita ƙimar yashi ta buƙatun slump, kuma ana iya ƙaddara a cikin 32% zuwa 46% don kankare na yau da kullun.
Adadi da iri-iri na admixtures da ma'adinan ma'adinai an ƙaddara ta hanyar gwaji. A cikin siminti na yau da kullun, adadin ma'adinai ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da 40%, yayin da a cikin siminti mai ƙarfi, fume silica bai kamata ya wuce 10%. Adadin siminti kada ya wuce 500kg/m3.
5.6 Aiwatar da wannan hanyar tsinkaya don jagorar misalan lissafin ƙididdigewa
Kayayyakin da aka yi amfani da su sune kamar haka:
Simintin shine E042.5 siminti wanda Kamfanin Lubi Cement Factory, Laiwu City, lardin Shandong ya samar, kuma yawansa shine 3.19/cm3;
Tokar gardama ita ce ash ball II da Jinan Huangtai Power Plant ta samar, kuma yawan aikin sa shine O. 828, yawan sa shine 2.59/cm3;
Tushen silica wanda Shandong Sanmei Silicon Material Co., Ltd ya samar yana da ƙimar aiki na 1.10 da yawa na 2.59/cm3;
Yashi busasshen kogin Taian yana da yawa na 2.6 g/cm3, babban yawa na 1480kg/m3, da kuma modules mai kyau na Mx=2.8;
Jinan Ganggou yana samar da busasshen dakataccen dutse mai tsayin 5-'25mm tare da girma mai girman 1500kg/m3 da nauyin kusan 2.7∥cm3;
Maganin rage ruwa da aka yi amfani da shi shine mai samar da ruwa mai mahimmanci na aliphatic da kansa, tare da rage yawan ruwa na 20%; ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun gwaji ya dogara da buƙatun slump. Shirye-shiryen gwaji na kankare C30, ana buƙatar slump ya zama mafi girma fiye da 90mm.
1. Ƙarfin ƙira
2. ingancin yashi
3. Ƙaddara Abubuwan Tasirin Kowane Ƙarfi
4. Nemi amfani da ruwa
5. An daidaita sashi na wakili mai rage ruwa bisa ga buƙatun slump. Matsakaicin shine 1%, kuma Ma = 4kg yana ƙara zuwa ga taro.
6. Ta wannan hanyar, ana samun rabon lissafi
7. Bayan gwajin gwaji, zai iya saduwa da buƙatun slump. Ƙarfin matsawa na 28d da aka auna shine 39.32MPa, wanda ya dace da buƙatun.
5.7 Takaitaccen Babi
Game da yin watsi da hulɗar admixtures I da F, mun tattauna ƙa'idar aiki da ka'idar ƙarfin Feret, kuma mun sami tasirin abubuwa masu yawa akan ƙarfin kankare:
1 Concrete admixture rinjayar coefficient
2 Tasirin adadin yawan amfani da ruwa
3 Tasirin ƙididdiga na jimlar abun da ke ciki
4 Kwatanta ta ainihi. An tabbatar da cewa hanyar 28d ƙarfin tsinkayar simintin da aka inganta ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar aiki da ka'idar ƙarfin Feret yana cikin kyakkyawar yarjejeniya tare da ainihin halin da ake ciki, kuma ana iya amfani dashi don jagorantar shirye-shiryen turmi da kankare.
Babi na 6 Kammalawa da Magana
6.1 Babban ƙarshe
Kashi na farko yana kwatanta tsaftataccen slurry da gwajin ruwa na turmi na nau'ikan ma'adinai daban-daban waɗanda aka haɗe da nau'ikan ethers na cellulose guda uku, kuma ya sami waɗannan manyan dokoki:
1. Cellulose ether yana da wasu raguwa da tasirin iska. Daga cikin su, CMC yana da raunin riƙewar ruwa a ƙananan sashi, kuma yana da wani asarar lokaci; yayin da HPMC yana da mahimmancin riƙewar ruwa da tasiri mai kauri, wanda ke rage yawan ruwa na ɓangaren litattafan almara da turmi mai mahimmanci, kuma Sakamakon thickening na HPMC tare da babban danko mai ƙima ya ɗan bayyana.
2. Daga cikin admixtures, farkon da rabin sa'a ruwa ruwa na gardama a kan slurry da turmi mai tsabta an inganta zuwa wani matsayi. Ana iya ƙara abun ciki na 30% na gwajin slurry mai tsabta da kusan 30mm; da ruwa na ma'adinai foda a kan slurry mai tsabta da turmi Babu wani tabbataccen ka'idar tasiri; ko da yake abun ciki na silica fume ya yi ƙasa, musamman ultra-fineness, da sauri dauki, da kuma karfi adsorption sa shi yana da gagarumin raguwa sakamako a kan ruwa mai tsabta slurry da turmi, musamman idan aka haxa shi da 0.15 Lokacin% HPMC, za a sami al'amarin da cewa mazugi ya mutu ba za a iya cika. Idan aka kwatanta da sakamakon gwajin slurry mai tsabta, an gano cewa tasirin admixture a cikin gwajin turmi yana da rauni. Dangane da sarrafa zubar jini, tokar kuda da foda na ma'adinai ba a bayyane suke ba. Fume silica na iya rage yawan zubar jini sosai, amma ba shi da amfani ga rage yawan ruwa da asarar turmi a kan lokaci, kuma yana da sauƙin rage lokacin aiki.
3. A cikin daban-daban kewayon canji na sashi, abubuwan da ke shafar ruwa na slurry na tushen ciminti, adadin HPMC da fume silica sune abubuwan farko, duka a cikin sarrafa zub da jini da kuma kula da yanayin kwararar ruwa, sun bayyana a fili. Tasirin ash ash da kuma ma'adinai foda shine na biyu kuma yana taka rawar daidaitawa na taimako.
4. Nau'o'in ethers na cellulose guda uku suna da wani tasiri mai tasiri na iska, wanda zai haifar da kumfa don ambaliya a saman slurry mai tsabta. Duk da haka, lokacin da abun ciki na HPMC ya kai fiye da 0.1%, saboda babban danko na slurry, ba za a iya riƙe kumfa a cikin slurry ba. ambaliya. Za a sami kumfa a saman turmi tare da ruwa sama da 250ram, amma rukunin mara kyau ba tare da ether na cellulose gabaɗaya ba shi da kumfa ko ƙananan kumfa, yana nuna cewa ether cellulose yana da wani tasiri mai ɗaukar iska kuma yana sa slurry. danko. Bugu da kari, saboda da wuce kima danko na turmi tare da matalauta fluidity, yana da wuya ga iska kumfa zuwa iyo sama da kai-nauyin sakamako na slurry, amma an riƙe a cikin turmi, da kuma tasiri a kan ƙarfi ba zai iya zama. watsi.
Kashi na II Kayayyakin Injin Turmi
1. Don babban turmi mai ruwa, tare da karuwar shekaru, rabon murƙushe yana da haɓakar haɓaka; Bugu da ƙari na HPMC yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci na rage ƙarfin (raguwa a cikin ƙarfin matsawa ya fi bayyane), wanda kuma yana haifar da rushewar Ragewar rabo, wato, HPMC yana da taimako na musamman don inganta ƙarfin turmi. Dangane da ƙarfin kwana uku, ash tashi da foda na ma'adinai na iya ba da gudummawa kaɗan ga ƙarfin a 10%, yayin da ƙarfin ya ragu a babban sashi, kuma ƙimar murkushewa yana ƙaruwa tare da haɓaka haɓakar ma'adinai; a cikin ƙarfin kwana bakwai, Admixtures biyu ba su da tasiri kaɗan akan ƙarfin, amma tasirin raguwar ƙarfin kudawa gabaɗaya har yanzu a bayyane yake; dangane da ƙarfin 28-day, nau'i-nau'i guda biyu sun ba da gudummawa ga ƙarfin ƙarfi, matsawa da haɓakawa. Dukansu sun ƙaru kaɗan, amma har yanzu adadin matsa lamba ya karu tare da karuwar abun ciki.
2. Domin 28d compressive da flexural ƙarfi na bonded turmi, lokacin da admixture abun ciki ne 20%, da matsawa da flexural ƙarfi ne mafi alhẽri, da kuma admixture har yanzu kai ga wani karamin karuwa a cikin compressive-to-ninki rabo, yana nuna ta. tasiri akan turmi. Mummunan illa na tauri; HPMC yana haifar da raguwar ƙarfi sosai.
3. Game da ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na turmi mai ɗaure, HPMC yana da wani tasiri mai kyau akan ƙarfin haɗin. Binciken ya kamata ya zama cewa tasirin riƙewar ruwa yana rage asarar ruwa a cikin turmi kuma yana tabbatar da isasshen isasshen ruwa. Ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa yana da alaƙa da admixture. Dangantakar da ke tsakanin sashi ba na yau da kullun ba ne, kuma aikin gabaɗaya ya fi kyau tare da turmi ciminti lokacin da adadin ya kasance 10%.
4. CMC bai dace da kayan siminti na tushen siminti ba, tasirinsa na riƙe ruwa ba a bayyane yake ba, kuma a lokaci guda, yana sa turmi ya fi raguwa; yayin da HPMC na iya yadda ya kamata rage matsi-zuwa-ninki rabo da kuma inganta taurin turmi, amma yana a cikin kudi na wani gagarumin raguwa a matsawa ƙarfi.
5. Cikakken ruwa da buƙatun ƙarfi, abun ciki na HPMC na 0.1% ya fi dacewa. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ash mai ƙarfi don tsari ko ƙarfafa turmi wanda ke buƙatar ƙarfafawa da sauri da ƙarfin farko, adadin bai kamata ya yi girma ba, kuma matsakaicin adadin shine kusan 10%. Bukatun; la'akari da dalilai irin su rashin kwanciyar hankali na ma'adinai foda da silica fume, ya kamata a sarrafa su a 10% da n 3% bi da bi. Sakamakon admixtures da cellulose ethers ba su da alaƙa sosai, tare da
suna da tasiri mai zaman kansa.
Kashi na uku Game da yin watsi da hulɗar tsakanin admixtures, ta hanyar tattaunawa game da ƙimar aiki na ma'adinai admixtures da ka'idar ƙarfin Feret, ana samun tasirin tasirin dalilai masu yawa akan ƙarfin kankare (turmi):
1. Mineral Admixture Influence Coefficient
2. Influence coefficient na ruwa amfani
3. Tasirin abun da ke tattare da tarawa
4. Ainihin kwatancen yana nuna cewa hanyar tsinkayar ƙarfin ƙarfin 28d na kankare inganta ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar aiki da ka'idar ƙarfin ƙarfin Feret yana cikin kyakkyawar yarjejeniya tare da ainihin halin da ake ciki, kuma ana iya amfani dashi don jagorantar shirye-shiryen turmi da kankare.
6.2 Rawanci da Halaye
Wannan takarda ta fi yin nazari akan yawan ruwa da kaddarorin injina na manna mai tsabta da turmi na tsarin siminti na binary. Tasiri da tasiri na aikin haɗin gwiwa na kayan siminti masu yawa da yawa suna buƙatar ƙarin nazarin. A cikin hanyar gwaji, ana iya amfani da daidaiton turmi da ƙima. Tasirin ether cellulose akan daidaito da riƙewar ruwa na turmi ana nazarin digiri na ether cellulose. Bugu da kari, microstructure na turmi a karkashin mahadi mataki na cellulose ether da ma'adinai admixture kuma za a yi nazari.
Cellulose ether yanzu yana daya daga cikin abubuwan da ba dole ba ne a hade na turmi daban-daban. Kyakkyawan tasirinsa na riƙe ruwa yana tsawaita lokacin aiki na turmi, yana sa turmi ya sami thixotropy mai kyau, kuma yana inganta taurin turmi. Ya dace don ginawa; da aikace-aikacen tokar kuda da foda na ma'adinai a matsayin sharar masana'antu a cikin turmi kuma na iya haifar da fa'idodin tattalin arziki da muhalli
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-29-2022