Properties na gypsum turmi

An kimanta tasirin abun ciki na ether na cellulose akan ajiyar ruwa na turmi gypsum da aka lalata ta hanyar hanyoyin gwaji guda uku na riƙewar ruwa na gypsum turmi, kuma an kwatanta sakamakon gwajin kuma an yi nazari. An yi nazarin tasirin abun ciki na ether cellulose akan riƙe ruwa, ƙarfin matsawa, ƙarfin sassauƙa da ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na turmi gypsum. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa haɗakar da ether na cellulose zai rage ƙarfin matsawa na turmi gypsum, yana inganta haɓakar ruwa da ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa, amma yana da ɗan tasiri akan ƙarfin sassauƙa.

Mabuɗin kalmomi:riƙe ruwa; ether cellulose; turmi gypsum

Cellulose ether ne mai ruwa mai narkewa polymer abu, wanda aka sarrafa daga halitta cellulose ta alkali rushe, grafting dauki (etherification), wankewa, bushewa, nika da sauran matakai. Cellulose ether za a iya amfani da matsayin ruwa riƙewa wakili, thickener, dauri, dispersant, stabilizer, suspending wakili, emulsifier da fim-forming taimako, da dai sauransu Saboda cellulose ether yana da kyau ruwa riƙewa da thickening sakamako a kan turmi, shi zai iya muhimmanci inganta workability. na turmi, don haka ether cellulose shine polymer mai narkewa da aka fi amfani da shi a cikin turmi. Ana amfani da ether cellulose sau da yawa azaman wakili mai riƙe da ruwa a cikin (desulfurization) turmi gypsum. Shekaru da yawa na bincike sun nuna cewa mai kula da ruwa yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci a kan ingancin filastar da kuma aikin da ake yi na anti-plastering. Kyakkyawan riƙewar ruwa zai iya tabbatar da cewa plaster yana da cikakkiyar Hydrates, yana tabbatar da ƙarfin da ake bukata, yana inganta halayen rheological na plaster stucco. Sabili da haka, yana da matukar mahimmanci don auna daidaitaccen aikin riƙe ruwa na gypsum. Saboda wannan dalili, marubucin ya kwatanta hanyoyin gwajin ruwa na turmi guda biyu na kowa don tabbatar da daidaiton sakamakon ether na cellulose akan aikin riƙe ruwa na gypsum, da kuma kimanta kayan aikin injiniya na cellulose ether akan turmi gypsum. An gwada tasirin , da gwaji.

1. Gwaji

1.1 Kayan danye

Desulfurization gypsum: The flue gas desulfurization gypsum na Shanghai Shidongkou No. 2 Power Plant ana samu ta bushewa a 60°C da zafin jiki na 180°C. Cellulose ether: methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ether wanda Kima Chemical Company ke bayarwa, tare da danko na 20000mPa·S; yashi matsakaiciya ne.

1.2 Hanyar gwaji

1.2.1 Hanyar gwaji na yawan riƙe ruwa

(1) Hanyar tsotsawa ("Plastering Gypsum" GB/T28627-2012) Yanke takarda mai mahimmanci mai matsakaicin sauri daga diamita na ciki na Buchner mazurari, yada shi a kasan mazugi na Buchner, sa'annan a jika shi da shi. ruwa. Sanya mazugi na Buchner akan kwalbar tace tsotsa, fara famfo mai tsotsa, tace don 1 min, cire mazugi na Buchner, goge ragowar ruwan a kasa tare da takarda tace kuma auna (G1), daidai zuwa 0.1g. Sanya slurry na gypsum tare da daidaitaccen digiri na watsawa da amfani da ruwa a cikin mazurarin Buchner mai aunawa, kuma yi amfani da mazugi mai siffa T don jujjuya shi a tsaye a cikin mazurari don daidaita shi, ta yadda za a kiyaye kauri na slurry tsakanin kewayon (10).±0.5) mm. Goge ragowar slurry na gypsum akan bangon ciki na buchner mazurari, auna (G2), daidai zuwa 0.1g. Tazarar lokaci daga kammala motsawa zuwa kammala awo bai kamata ya wuce 5min ba. Saka mazugi Buchner wanda aka auna akan filashin tacewa sannan a fara famfo. Daidaita matsa lamba mara kyau zuwa (53.33±0.67) kPa ko (400±5) mm Hg a cikin dakika 30. Tace tsotsa na tsawon mintuna 20, sannan a cire mazugi na Buchner, a goge ragowar ruwan da ke cikin bakin kasan tare da takarda tace, auna (G3), daidai zuwa 0.1g.

(2) Tace hanyar shayar da ruwa ta takarda (1) (Misali na Faransa) Tari cakuɗen slurry akan yadudduka na takarda tace. Nau'in takardar tacewa da aka yi amfani da su sune: (a) Layer 1 na takarda mai saurin tacewa wanda ke da alaƙa kai tsaye tare da slurry; (b) 5 yadudduka na takarda tace don jinkirin tacewa. Farantin zagaye na filastik yana aiki azaman pallet, kuma yana zaune kai tsaye akan tebur. Cire nauyin faifan filastik da takarda tace don jinkirin tacewa (mafi yawa shine M0). Bayan filastar paris an haɗe shi da ruwa don samar da slurry, nan da nan an zuba shi a cikin silinda (diamita na ciki 56mm, tsayi 55mm) an rufe shi da takarda tace. Bayan slurry yana hulɗa da takardar tacewa na tsawon mintuna 15, sake auna takarda mai tace a hankali da pallet (mass M1). Riƙewar ruwa na filasta yana bayyana ta hanyar nauyin ruwan da ake sha a kowace centimita murabba'i na yanki na shayar da takarda mai tsauri, wato: shayar da ruwa na takarda tace = (M1-M0) / 24.63

(3) Tace hanyar shayar da ruwa ta takarda (2) ("Ma'auni don ainihin hanyoyin gwajin aikin aikin ginin turmi" JGJ/T70) Yi la'akari da taro m1 na takardar da ba za a iya jurewa ba da busassun gwajin gwajin da kuma yawan m2 na 15 guda na matsakaici -takarda mai saurin tacewa. Cika cakuda turmi a cikin ƙirar gwaji a lokaci ɗaya, sa'annan a saka kuma a buga shi sau da yawa tare da spatula. Lokacin da turmi mai cika ya ɗan fi tsayi fiye da gefen ƙirar gwaji, yi amfani da spatula don goge turmi da ya wuce gona da iri a saman ƙirar gwajin a kusurwar digiri 450, sannan yi amfani da spatula don goge turmi a ƙasa. saman gwajin ƙirƙira a wani in mun gwada da lebur kwana. Goge turmi a gefen ƙirar gwajin, kuma ku auna jimlar m3 na ƙirar gwajin, ƙananan takardar da ba za a iya jurewa ba da turmi. Sai a rufe fuskar turmi da allon tacewa, sai a sanya takarda tace guda 15 a saman fuskar tacewa, sannan a rufe saman takardar da takarda da ba za ta iya jurewa ba, sannan a danna takardar da ba ta da nauyi mai nauyin kilogiram 2. Bayan tsayawa tsayin daka na mintuna 2, cire abubuwa masu nauyi da zanen gadon da ba za a iya jurewa ba, fitar da takardar tacewa (ban da allon tacewa), da sauri a auna yawan tarin takarda mai tace m4. Yi ƙididdige ɗanɗanon turmi daga rabon turmi da adadin ruwan da aka ƙara.

1.2.2 Hanyoyin gwaji don ƙarfin matsawa, ƙarfin sassauƙa da ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa

Gypsum turmi ƙarfi ƙarfi, flexural ƙarfi, bond ƙarfin gwajin da kuma dangantaka da yanayin gwaji ana gudanar bisa ga aiki matakai a "Plastering Gypsum" GB/T 28627-2012.

2. Sakamakon gwaji da bincike

2.1 Tasirin ether cellulose akan riƙe ruwa na turmi - kwatanta hanyoyin gwaji daban-daban

Don kwatanta bambance-bambancen hanyoyin gwajin riƙe ruwa daban-daban, an gwada hanyoyi daban-daban guda uku don tsarin gypsum iri ɗaya.

Daga sakamakon kwatancen gwaji na hanyoyi daban-daban guda uku, ana iya ganin cewa lokacin da adadin mai riƙe ruwa ya karu daga 0 zuwa 0.1%, sakamakon gwajin ta amfani da hanyar shayar ruwa ta takarda (1) ta sauko daga 150.0mg/cm.² zuwa 8.1mg/cm² , ya ragu da 94.6%; Adadin ajiyar ruwa na turmi da aka auna ta hanyar hanyar shayar da ruwa ta takarda (2) ya karu daga 95.9% zuwa 99.9%, kuma yawan ajiyar ruwa ya karu da 4% kawai; Sakamakon gwaji na hanyar tsotsawar iska ya karu da kashi 69% .8% ya karu zuwa 96.0%, yawan ajiyar ruwa ya karu da kashi 37.5%.

Ana iya gani daga wannan cewa ƙimar riƙewar ruwa da aka auna ta hanyar hanyar shayarwar takarda ta takarda (2) ba zai iya buɗe bambance-bambance a cikin aiki da sashi na wakili mai riƙe da ruwa ba, wanda bai dace da ingantaccen gwaji da yanke hukunci ba. Adadin ajiyar ruwa na turmi na kasuwanci na gypsum, kuma hanyar tace injin shine saboda Akwai tsotsawar tilastawa, don haka ana iya buɗe bambance-bambancen bayanai da ƙarfi don nuna bambancin riƙe ruwa. A lokaci guda kuma, sakamakon gwajin ta hanyar amfani da hanyar shayar da ruwa ta takarda (1) na yin jujjuyawa da yawa tare da yawan adadin ruwa, wanda zai iya ƙara haɓaka bambanci tsakanin adadin ma'aunin ruwa da iri-iri. Duk da haka, tun da yawan ruwan sha na takarda tace da aka auna ta wannan hanyar shine adadin ruwan da takarda tace ta kowace yanki, lokacin da yawan ruwan da ake amfani da shi na daidaitaccen diffusivity na turmi ya bambanta da nau'i, sashi da danko na Wakilin riƙon ruwa gauraye, sakamakon gwajin ba zai iya yin daidai da ainihin riƙon ruwa na turmi ba. Rate

A taƙaice, hanyar tsotsawar iska na iya bambanta yadda ya kamata ta bambance kyakkyawan aikin riƙe ruwa na turmi, kuma ruwan turmi bai shafe shi ba. Ko da yake sakamakon gwajin hanyar shayarwar ruwa ta takarda (1) yana shafar amfani da ruwa na turmi, saboda sauƙaƙan matakan aikin gwaji, ana iya kwatanta aikin riƙe ruwa na turmi a ƙarƙashin wannan dabarar.

Matsakaicin ƙayyadaddun kayan gypsum mai hade da siminti zuwa yashi matsakaici shine 1: 2.5. Daidaita adadin ruwa ta hanyar canza adadin ether cellulose. An yi nazarin tasirin abun ciki na ether cellulose akan yawan ajiyar ruwa na turmi gypsum. Daga sakamakon gwajin, ana iya ganin cewa tare da haɓakar abun ciki na ether cellulose, an inganta yawan ruwa na turmi; lokacin da abun ciki na ether cellulose ya kai 0% na yawan adadin turmi.A kusan kashi 10%, kwandon shayar da ruwa na takarda tace yana da hankali.

Tsarin ether cellulose ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin hydroxyl da ether bond. Atom ɗin da ke cikin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi suna haɗuwa da kwayoyin ruwa don samar da haɗin gwiwar hydrogen, ta yadda kwayoyin ruwa masu kyauta suka zama ruwan da aka daure, don haka suna taka rawa mai kyau wajen kiyaye ruwa. A cikin turmi, don yin coagulation, gypsum yana buƙatar ruwa A sha ruwa. Matsakaicin adadin ether na cellulose zai iya kiyaye danshi a cikin turmi na dogon lokaci, don haka saitin da taurin zai iya ci gaba. Lokacin da adadinsa ya yi yawa, ba kawai tasirin ingantawa ba a bayyane yake ba, amma kuma farashin zai karu, don haka madaidaicin sashi yana da mahimmanci. Idan akai la'akari da bambancin aiki da danko na daban-daban masu riƙe da ruwa, an ƙaddara abun ciki na ether cellulose don zama 0.10% na yawan adadin turmi.

2.2 Tasirin abun ciki na ether cellulose akan kayan aikin injiniya na gypsum

2.2.1 Tasiri kan ƙarfin matsawa da ƙarfin sassauƙa

Matsakaicin ƙayyadaddun kayan gypsum mai hade da siminti zuwa yashi matsakaici shine 1: 2.5. Canja adadin ether cellulose kuma daidaita yawan ruwa. Daga sakamakon gwaje-gwaje, ana iya ganin cewa tare da haɓakar abun ciki na ether cellulose, ƙarfin matsawa yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci a ƙasa, kuma ƙarfin sassauci ba shi da wani canji mai mahimmanci.

Tare da haɓaka abun ciki na ether cellulose, ƙarfin matsawa na 7d na turmi ya ragu. Littattafai [6] sun yi imanin cewa wannan ya fi girma saboda: (1) lokacin da aka ƙara ether cellulose a cikin turmi, ƙwayoyin polymers masu sassauƙa a cikin turmi suna karuwa, kuma waɗannan polymers masu sassauƙa ba za su iya ba da goyon baya mai tsauri ba lokacin da aka matsa matrix. sakamako, don haka ƙarfin matsa lamba na turmi ya ragu (mawallafin wannan takarda ya yi imanin cewa adadin cellulose ether polymer yana da ƙananan ƙananan, kuma za a iya watsi da tasirin da aka yi ta hanyar matsa lamba); (2) tare da karuwar abun ciki na cellulose ether , tasirinsa na riƙewar ruwa yana samun mafi kyau kuma mafi kyau, don haka bayan da aka kafa shingen gwajin turmi, porosity a cikin toshe gwajin turmi yana ƙaruwa, wanda ya rage girman ƙarfin jiki mai taurara. kuma yana raunana karfin jiki mai taurin jiki don tsayayya da karfi na waje, don haka rage karfin karfin turmi (3) Lokacin da busassun busassun turmi ya gauraye da ruwa, za a fara daɗaɗa ƙwayoyin ether na cellulose a saman sassan simintin samar da fim ɗin latex, wanda ke rage hydration na gypsum, don haka rage ƙarfin turmi. Tare da haɓaka abun ciki na ether cellulose, rabon nadawa na kayan ya ragu. Duk da haka, lokacin da adadin ya yi yawa, aikin turmi zai ragu, wanda ya bayyana a cikin gaskiyar cewa turmi yana da danko, mai sauƙin mannewa da wuka, kuma yana da wuyar yadawa yayin ginin. A lokaci guda, la'akari da cewa adadin ajiyar ruwa dole ne kuma ya cika sharuɗɗan, an ƙayyade adadin ether cellulose ya zama 0.05% zuwa 0.10% na yawan adadin turmi.

2.2.2 Tasiri akan ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa

Cellulose ether ana kiransa wakili mai riƙe da ruwa, kuma aikinsa shine ƙara yawan adadin ruwa. Manufar ita ce don kula da danshin da ke cikin gypsum slurry, musamman ma bayan da aka yi amfani da gypsum slurry a bango, danshi ba zai shafe shi da kayan bango ba, don tabbatar da riƙe da danshi na gypsum slurry a cikin dubawa. Halin hydration, don tabbatar da ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa. Rike rabon gypsum composite siminti abu zuwa matsakaici yashi a 1:2.5. Canja adadin ether cellulose kuma daidaita yawan ruwa.

Ana iya gani daga sakamakon gwajin cewa tare da karuwar abun ciki na ether cellulose, kodayake ƙarfin matsawa yana raguwa, ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa yana ƙaruwa a hankali. Bugu da ƙari na ether cellulose zai iya samar da fim din polymer na bakin ciki tsakanin ether cellulose da ƙwayoyin hydration. Fim ɗin cellulose ether polymer zai narke a cikin ruwa, amma a ƙarƙashin yanayin bushewa, saboda ƙarancinsa, yana da ikon hana rawar daɗaɗɗen danshi. Fim ɗin yana da tasirin rufewa, wanda ke inganta bushewar turmi. Saboda kyakkyawan tanadin ruwa na ether cellulose, ana adana isasshen ruwa a cikin turmi, don haka tabbatar da cikakken ci gaban hydration hardening da ƙarfi, da haɓaka ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na turmi. Bugu da ƙari, ƙari na cellulose ether yana inganta haɗin kai na turmi, kuma yana sa turmi ya kasance mai kyau na filastik da sassauƙa, wanda kuma ya sa turmin ya iya daidaitawa da raguwar nakasar nakasar, ta haka ne ya inganta ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na turmi. . Tare da karuwar abun ciki na ether cellulose, mannewar turmi gypsum zuwa kayan tushe yana ƙaruwa. Lokacin da ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na plastering gypsum na ƙasan Layer shine> 0.4MPa, ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa ya cancanta kuma ya dace da daidaitattun "Plastering Gypsum" GB/T2827.2012. Duk da haka, la'akari da cewa abun ciki na ether cellulose shine 0.10% B inch, ƙarfin bai dace da bukatun ba, don haka an ƙaddara abun ciki na cellulose ya zama 0.15% na yawan adadin turmi.

3. Kammalawa

(1) Matsakaicin adadin ruwa da aka auna ta hanyar hanyar shayar da ruwa ta takarda (2) ba zai iya buɗe bambance-bambance a cikin aiki da sashi na wakili mai riƙe da ruwa ba, wanda bai dace da ingantaccen gwaji da yanke hukunci na ƙimar riƙe ruwa ba. gypsum turmi kasuwanci. Hanyar tsotsawar ruwa na iya bambanta da kyau sosai game da kyakkyawan aikin riƙe ruwa na turmi, kuma ruwan turmi bai shafe shi ba. Ko da yake sakamakon gwajin hanyar shayarwar ruwa ta takarda (1) yana shafar amfani da ruwa na turmi, saboda sauƙaƙan matakan aikin gwaji, ana iya kwatanta aikin riƙe ruwa na turmi a ƙarƙashin wannan dabarar.

(2) Ƙara yawan abun ciki na ether cellulose yana inganta riƙewar ruwa na turmi gypsum.

(3) Haɗin ether na cellulose yana rage ƙarfin matsa lamba na turmi kuma yana inganta ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa tare da substrate. Cellulose ether yana da ɗan tasiri akan ƙarfin sassauƙa na turmi, don haka an rage rabon nadawa na turmi.