Dry-mixed turmi ne hade da siminti kayan (siminti, tashi ash, slag foda, da dai sauransu), musamman graded lafiya aggregates (quartz yashi, corundum, da dai sauransu., da kuma wani lokacin bukatar haske Granules, fadada perlite, fadada vermiculite, da dai sauransu). ) da kuma hadawa ana hada su daidai gwargwado, sannan a sanya su cikin jaka, ganga ko kuma a kawo su cikin busasshiyar foda a matsayin kayan gini.
A cewar aikace-aikacen, akwai nau'ikan turmi na kasuwanci da yawa, kamar busassun turmi na katako na katako, busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun turmi na kasa, turmi busasshen na musamman don hana ruwa ruwa, adana zafi da sauran dalilai. A taƙaice, za a iya raba turmi-busasshen busassun turmi mai gauraye na yau da kullun (masonry, plastering da bushe-bushe turmi) da turmi mai gauraye na musamman. Turmi da aka haɗe da bushewa na musamman ya haɗa da: turmi mai ɗorewa na ƙasa, kayan da ba zai iya jurewa ba, bene mara wuta mai jurewa, wakili na inorganic, turmi mai hana ruwa, turmi plastering turmi, kayan kariya na kankare, turmi mai launi, da sauransu.
Da yawa busassun busassun-gauraye suna buƙatar abubuwan da suka dace da nau'ikan nau'ikan daban-daban da kuma hanyoyin aiwatar da aiki ta hanyar da aka tsara ta hanyar yawan gwaje-gwaje. Idan aka kwatanta da abubuwan da aka yi da kankare na gargajiya, busassun busassun turmi za a iya amfani da su a cikin foda kawai, na biyu kuma, suna narkewa a cikin ruwan sanyi, ko kuma a hankali narke ƙarƙashin aikin alkalinity don aiwatar da tasirin su.
1. Thickener, ruwa-retaining wakili da stabilizer Talakawa turmi shirya ta siminti, inert ko aiki ma'adinai admixture, da kuma lafiya tara, da babban rashin amfani shi ne matalauta hadin gwiwa, matalauta kwanciyar hankali, da sauki zub da jini, rabuwa, Subsidence, wuya gini, bayan gina, da Ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa yana da ƙasa, mai sauƙin fashe, rashin ƙarfi mai hana ruwa, rashin ƙarfi mara ƙarfi, da sauransu, dole ne a canza shi tare da abubuwan da suka dace. Dangane da inganta haɗin kai, riƙewar ruwa da kwanciyar hankali na turmi, abubuwan da za a iya zaɓa sun haɗa da ether cellulose, ether gyare-gyaren sitaci, polyvinyl barasa, polyacrylamide da thickening foda.
Cellulose ether methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (PMC) da hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (HEMC) duk an yi su ne daga halitta polymer kayan (kamar auduga, da dai sauransu) Non-ionic cellulose ether samar da sinadaran magani. Ana nuna su ta hanyar solubility na ruwan sanyi, riƙewar ruwa, yin kauri, haɗin kai, yin fim, lubricity, rashin ionic da kwanciyar hankali pH. Ruwan sanyi na wannan nau'in samfurin yana inganta sosai, kuma ƙarfin riƙewar ruwa yana haɓaka, kayan daɗaɗɗen abu a bayyane yake, diamita na kumfa na iska da aka gabatar yana da ƙananan ƙananan, kuma sakamakon inganta ƙarfin haɗin gwiwar turmi. inganta sosai.
Cellulose ether ba wai kawai yana da nau'ikan iri-iri ba, har ma yana da matsakaicin matsakaicin nauyin kwayoyin halitta da danko daga 5mPa. s zuwa 200,000mPa. s, tasirin aikin turmi a cikin sabon mataki da kuma bayan hardening shima ya bambanta. Ya kamata a gudanar da babban adadin gwaje-gwaje yayin zabar takamaiman zaɓi. Zaɓi nau'in cellulose tare da madaidaicin danko da kewayon nauyin kwayoyin halitta, ƙaramin sashi, kuma babu wani abu mai ɗaukar iska. Ta wannan hanyar ne kawai za a iya samun ta nan da nan. Kyakkyawan aikin fasaha, amma kuma yana da tattalin arziki mai kyau.
Starch ether Starch ether wani ether ne wanda aka samar ta hanyar halayen ƙungiyoyin hydroxyl akan kwayoyin glucose na sitaci tare da reagents na sinadarai, wanda ake kira sitaci ether ko sitaci. Babban irin modified sitaci ethers ne: sodium carboxymethyl sitaci (CMS), hydrocarbon alkyl sitaci (HES), hydrocarbon propyl ethyl sitaci (HPS), cyanoethyl sitaci, da dai sauransu Duk suna da kyawawan ayyuka na ruwa solubility, bonding, kumburi, gudãna. , rufewa, desizing, girma, tarwatsawa da daidaitawa, kuma ana amfani dasu sosai a cikin magunguna, abinci, yadi, yin takarda, sinadarai na yau da kullun da man fetur da sauran sassan.
A halin yanzu, tsammanin sitaci ether da ake amfani da shi ga busassun turmi yana da matukar alƙawarin. Babban dalilai sune: ① Farashin sitaci ether yana da arha, kawai 1/3 zuwa 1/4 na ether cellulose; ② Sitaci ether gauraye cikin turmi kuma zai inganta Danko, riƙewar ruwa, kwanciyar hankali da ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na turmi; ③ Za'a iya haɗa ether ɗin sitaci tare da ether cellulose ta kowane nau'i, don haɓaka tasirin hana sagging na turmi. A wasu samfuran turmi, kamar bangon yumbu da fale-falen fale-falen bene, jami'an jiyya na musaya, jami'an caulking da turmi na kasuwanci na yau da kullun, ana amfani da sitaci ether azaman babban wakili mai kauri da riƙon ruwa da stabilizer. Amma duba da masana'antun sitaci ether a cikin ƙasata, da yawa daga cikinsu suna tsayawa ne kawai a cikin samar da samfuran farko, kuma ƴan masana'antun ne kawai ke samarwa da samar da ether ɗin da aka gyara don biyan wani ɓangare na buƙatun masana'antun turmi.
Turmi mai kauri Mai kauri wani sabon samfuri ne da aka haɓaka don daidaitawa da samar da busassun foda na yau da kullun (wanda aka shirya) turmi. Ya ƙunshi ma'adanai na inorganic da kayan aikin polymer, kuma ba ya ƙunshi lemun tsami da abubuwan da ke cikin iska. Adadin sa shine kusan 5% zuwa 20% na nauyin siminti. A halin yanzu, wajen samar da turmi na yau da kullun na kayayyaki a birnin Shanghai, ana amfani da fulawa gabaɗaya a matsayin wani abu mai kauri, kiyaye ruwa da daidaitawa, kuma tasirin yana da ban mamaki.
Polyvinyl barasa da polyacrylamide suma suna da kewayon danko mai fadi, amma wani lokacin adadin iskar da ake shigar da shi yana da yawa, ko kuma bukatar ruwan turmi ya karu da yawa bayan an hada su, don haka a yi amfani da adadi mai yawa na gwaje-gwaje don zaɓar.
2. Babban aiki na redispersible latex foda thickener ne don inganta ruwa riƙewa da kwanciyar hankali na turmi. Ko da yake yana iya hana turmi fashewa (sauƙaƙe yawan ƙawancen ruwa) zuwa wani ƙayyadadden ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun, ba a amfani da shi gabaɗaya don haɓaka tauri da juriya na turmi. kuma hana ruwa yana nufin.
An gane al'adar ƙara polymers don inganta rashin daidaituwa, tauri, juriya da juriya da tasiri na turmi da kankare. Yawancin emulsion da aka yi amfani da su na polymer don gyare-gyaren turmi da ciminti sun haɗa da: neoprene roba emulsion, styrene-butadiene rubber emulsion, polyacrylate latex, polyvinyl chloride, chlorine partial roba emulsion, polyvinyl acetate, da dai sauransu Tare da ci gaban binciken kimiyya, ba wai kawai ba. An yi nazarin gyare-gyaren gyare-gyare na nau'o'in polymers daban-daban, amma kuma tsarin gyaran gyare-gyare, tsarin hulɗar tsakanin polymers da siminti, da kuma kayan aikin siminti suma an yi nazari a hankali. Ƙarin bincike mai zurfi da bincike, da kuma yawan sakamakon binciken kimiyya ya bayyana.
Ana iya amfani da emulsion na polymer a cikin samar da turmi mai gauraye, amma a fili ba zai yiwu ba a yi amfani da shi kai tsaye wajen samar da busassun busassun turmi, don haka an haifi foda mai laushi. A halin yanzu, da redispersible latex foda amfani a bushe foda turmi yafi hada da: ① vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer (VAC/E); ② vinyl acetate-tert-carbonate copolymer (VAC/VeoVa); ③ acrylate homopolymer ( Acrylate); ④ vinyl acetate homopolymer (VAC); 4) styrene-acrylate copolymer (SA), da sauransu. Daga cikinsu, vinyl acetate-etylene copolymer yana da mafi girman rabon amfani.
Practice ya tabbatar da cewa aikin redispersible latex foda ne barga, kuma yana da m effects a kan inganta bonding ƙarfi na turmi, inganta taurin, nakasawa, crack juriya da impermeability, da dai sauransu Ƙara hydrophobic latex foda copolymerized da polyvinyl acetate, vinyl chloride. , ethylene, vinyl laurate, da dai sauransu na iya rage yawan sha ruwa na turmi (saboda hydrophobicity), yin turmi iska-permeable da impermeable, inganta da Yana da yanayin resistant kuma ya inganta karko.
Idan aka kwatanta da haɓaka ƙarfin sassauƙa da haɗin kai na turmi da rage ɓarnar sa, tasirin foda mai iya tarwatsawa akan inganta riƙon ruwa na turmi da haɓaka haɗin kai yana da iyaka. Tun da ƙari na redispersible latex foda zai iya tarwatsa da kuma haifar da wani babban adadin iska-entrainment a cikin turmi cakuda, da ruwa-rage tasirin a bayyane yake. Tabbas, saboda mummunan tsarin da aka gabatar da kumfa na iska, tasirin rage ruwa bai inganta ƙarfin ba. Akasin haka, ƙarfin turmi zai ragu sannu a hankali tare da haɓaka abun ciki na latex wanda za'a iya rarrabawa. Sabili da haka, a cikin ci gaban wasu turmi da ke buƙatar yin la'akari da ƙarfin daɗaɗɗen ƙarfi da ƙarfi, sau da yawa ya zama dole don ƙara defoamer a lokaci guda don rage mummunan tasirin latex foda akan ƙarfin matsawa da ƙarfi na turmi. .
3. Saboda ƙari na cellulose, sitaci ether da kayan polymer, defoamer ba shakka yana ƙara yawan haɓakar iska na turmi. A gefe guda, yana rinjayar ƙarfin matsawa, ƙarfin sassauƙa da ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na turmi, kuma yana rage maɗaukakin ƙarfinsa. A gefe guda kuma, yana da tasiri mai girma akan bayyanar turmi, don haka yana da matukar muhimmanci a kawar da kumfa na iska da aka gabatar a cikin turmi. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da busasshen foda da ake shigo da su daga ketare a kasar Sin don magance wannan matsala, amma ya kamata a lura da cewa, saboda yawan turmi na kayayyaki, kawar da kumfa ba abu ne mai sauki ba.
4. Anti-sagging wakili A lokacin da manna yumbu fale-falen, polystyrene allon kumfa, da kuma shafa roba foda polystyrene barbashi insulation turmi, babbar matsalar fuskantar shi ne fadowa. Aiki ya tabbatar da cewa ƙara sitaci ether, sodium bentonite, metakaolin da montmorillonite shine ma'auni mai tasiri don magance matsalar faɗuwar turmi bayan gini. Babban maganin matsalar sagging shine ƙara yawan damuwa na farko na turmi, wato, ƙara thixotropy. A cikin aikace-aikace masu amfani, ba abu mai sauƙi ba ne don zaɓar wakili mai kyau na anti-sagging, saboda yana buƙatar warware dangantaka tsakanin thixotropy, aiki mai aiki, danko da buƙatar ruwa.
5. Mai hana ruwa Mai hana ruwa aiki mai hana ruwa ko ruwa na plastering turmi, tile caulking wakili, turmi launi na ado da busassun busassun busassun da aka yi amfani da shi don bangon bango na bakin ciki na tsarin rufi na bakin ciki ba dole ba ne, wanda ke buƙatar ƙarin Powdered. mai hana ruwa, amma ya kamata ya kasance yana da halaye masu zuwa: ① yin turmi hydrophobic gaba ɗaya kuma yana kula da tasiri na dogon lokaci; ② ba su da wani mummunan tasiri akan ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na farfajiya; ③ wasu magungunan da aka saba amfani da su a kasuwa, irin su Calcium fatty acid bai dace da sinadarin hydrophobic don busasshen turmi ba, musamman don yin gyare-gyaren kayan aikin injiniya, saboda yana da wahala a gauraya da sauri da kuma daidai da turmi siminti.
Kwanan nan an samar da wani silane foda mai hana ruwa ruwa, wanda shine samfurin silane mai foda wanda aka samu ta hanyar fesa-bushewar silane mai ruɓaɓɓen ruwa mai narkewar colloids da magungunan kashe-kashe. Lokacin da aka gauraya turmi da ruwa, harsashin colloid mai kariya na wakili mai hana ruwa yana narkewa cikin sauri cikin ruwa, sannan ya saki silane da aka lullube don sake tarwatsa shi cikin ruwan hadewa. A cikin yanayin alkaline sosai bayan ciminti hydration, ƙungiyoyin ayyukan aikin hydrophilic a cikin silane suna hydrolyzed don samar da ƙungiyoyin silanol masu saurin amsawa, kuma ƙungiyoyin silanol suna ci gaba da amsawa tare da ƙungiyoyin hydroxyl a cikin samfuran hydration na siminti don samar da haɗin gwiwar sinadaran, don haka silane da aka haɗa tare ta hanyar haɗin giciye an daidaita shi sosai a saman bangon ramin rami na turmi siminti. Kamar yadda ƙungiyoyi masu aiki na hydrophobic ke fuskantar waje na bangon pore, farfajiyar pores suna samun hydrophobicity, don haka ya kawo tasirin hydrophobic gaba ɗaya zuwa turmi.
6. Pantherine Inhibitor Pantherine zai shafi kyawawan kayan ado na kayan ado na siminti, wanda shine matsala na kowa da ke buƙatar warwarewa. A cewar rahotanni, an sami nasarar samar da maganin anti-pantherine na tushen resin a kwanan nan, wanda shine foda mai sakewa tare da kyakkyawan aikin motsa jiki. Wannan samfurin ya dace musamman don amfani a cikin suturar taimako, ƙwanƙwasa, caulks ko ƙayyadaddun ƙirar turmi kuma yana da dacewa mai kyau tare da sauran abubuwan ƙari.
7. Fiber Ƙara adadin fiber mai dacewa a cikin turmi zai iya ƙara ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfi, haɓaka ƙarfin ƙarfi da haɓaka juriya. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da zaruruwan sinadarai na roba da zaren itace a cikin busasshiyar turmi. Chemical roba zaruruwa, kamar polypropylene staple fiber, polypropylene staple fiber, da dai sauransu Bayan surface gyare-gyare, wadannan zaruruwa ba kawai da kyau dispersibility, amma kuma suna da low abun ciki, wanda zai iya yadda ya kamata inganta filastik juriya da fatattaka yi na turmi. Abubuwan da injiniyoyi ba su da tasiri sosai. Diamita na fiber na itace ya fi ƙanƙanta, kuma ƙari na fiber na itace ya kamata ya kula da karuwar bukatar ruwa don turmi.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris-04-2023