Ether Cellulose da aka gyara don turmi

Ana nazarin nau'ikan ether na cellulose da manyan ayyukansa a cikin turmi mai gauraya da hanyoyin kimanta kaddarorin kamar riƙe ruwa, danko da ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa. The retarding inji da microstructure nacellulose ether a bushe gauraye turmida alaƙar da ke tsakanin samuwar tsarin wasu ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙirar ƙirar cellulose ether da aka gyara turmi da tsarin hydration suna bayyana. A kan wannan, ana ba da shawarar cewa ya zama dole a hanzarta binciken kan yanayin saurin asarar ruwa. Tsarin hydration mai laushi na cellulose ether wanda aka gyara turmi a cikin tsarin sirara mai bakin ciki da ka'idar rarraba sararin samaniya na polymer a cikin turmi. A cikin aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen nan gaba, ya kamata a yi la'akari sosai da tasirin cellulose ether da aka gyara akan canjin zafin jiki da dacewa da sauran abubuwan haɗin gwiwa. Wannan binciken zai inganta haɓaka fasahar aikace-aikace na gyare-gyare na CE kamar turmi plaster bango na waje, putty, turmi na haɗin gwiwa da sauran turmi mai bakin ciki.

Mabuɗin kalmomi:ether cellulose; Busassun turmi gauraye; inji

1. Gabatarwa

Tumi bushe na yau da kullun, turmi mai rufi na bango, turmi mai kwantar da hankali, yashi mai hana ruwa da sauran busassun turmi ya zama muhimmin sashi na kayan gini da ke tushen kasarmu, kuma ether cellulose shine abubuwan da suka samo asali na cellulose ether, da ƙari mai mahimmanci na nau'ikan iri daban-daban. na busassun turmi, retarding, riƙewar ruwa, kauri, ɗaukar iska, mannewa da sauran ayyuka.

Matsayin CE a cikin turmi yana nunawa musamman don haɓaka iya aiki na turmi da tabbatar da ruwan siminti a cikin turmi. Inganta aikin turmi yana nunawa a cikin riƙon ruwa, hana ratayewa da lokacin buɗewa, musamman a tabbatar da katin turmi na bakin ciki, yaɗa turmi da inganta saurin ginin turmi na haɗin gwiwa na musamman yana da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki.

Duk da cewa an gudanar da bincike da yawa kan turmi da aka gyara na CE kuma an sami nasarori masu mahimmanci a cikin binciken fasahar aikace-aikacen CE da aka canza turmi, har yanzu akwai nakasu a zahiri a cikin binciken injin da aka gyara na CE, musamman ma hulɗar tsakanin CE da CE. siminti, tara da matrix ƙarƙashin yanayin amfani na musamman. Sabili da haka, Dangane da taƙaitaccen sakamakon binciken da ya dace, wannan takarda ta ba da shawarar cewa za a gudanar da ƙarin bincike game da zafin jiki da dacewa tare da sauran abubuwan haɗin gwiwa.

2,rawar da rarrabuwa na ether cellulose

2.1 Rarraba ether cellulose

Yawancin nau'in cellulose ether, akwai kusan dubu, a gaba ɗaya, bisa ga aikin ionization za a iya raba su zuwa nau'in ionic da nau'in nau'in ionic na nau'in 2, a cikin kayan da aka yi da sumunti saboda ionic cellulose ether (irin su carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC). ) zai yi hazo tare da Ca2+ da rashin kwanciyar hankali, don haka da wuya a yi amfani da shi. Nonionic cellulose ether na iya zama daidai da (1) danko na daidaitaccen bayani mai ruwa; (2) nau'in maye; (3) digiri na canji; (4) tsarin jiki; (5) Rarrabe na solubility, da dai sauransu.

Kaddarorin CE sun dogara ne akan nau'i, yawa da kuma rarraba abubuwan maye, don haka ana rarraba CE bisa ga nau'in maye gurbin. Irin su methyl cellulose ether ne na halitta cellulose glucose naúrar a kan hydroxyl maye gurbinsu da methoxy kayayyakin, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether HPMC ne hydroxyl by methoxy, hydroxypropyl bi da bi maye gurbin kayayyakin. A halin yanzu, fiye da 90% na ethers cellulose da ake amfani da su sun fi methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ether (MHPC) da methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (MHEC).

2.2 Matsayin ether cellulose a cikin turmi

Matsayin CE a cikin turmi yana nunawa a cikin abubuwa uku masu zuwa: kyakkyawan ikon riƙe ruwa, tasiri akan daidaito da thixotropy na turmi da daidaita rheology.

Riƙewar ruwa na CE ba kawai zai iya daidaita lokacin buɗewa da tsarin saiti na tsarin turmi ba, don daidaita lokacin aiki na tsarin, amma kuma yana hana kayan tushe daga ɗaukar ruwa da yawa da sauri da kuma hana ƙawancewar. ruwa, ta yadda za a tabbatar da sakin ruwa a hankali a lokacin da ake samun ruwan siminti. Riƙewar ruwa na CE galibi yana da alaƙa da adadin CE, danko, lafiya da zafin yanayi. Tasirin riƙe ruwa na CE turmi da aka canza ya dogara ne akan shayar da ruwa na tushe, abun da ke cikin turmi, kauri daga cikin Layer, buƙatun ruwa, lokacin saita kayan siminti, da sauransu. Nazarin ya nuna cewa a cikin ainihin amfani. na wasu yumbu tile binders, saboda busassun porous substrate zai sauri sha babban adadin ruwa daga slurry, da ciminti Layer kusa da substrate asarar ruwa take kaiwa zuwa hydration mataki na ciminti a kasa 30%, wanda ba kawai ba zai iya samar da ciminti. gel tare da ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa a saman ma'auni, amma kuma mai sauƙi don haifar da fashewa da ruwa.

Bukatar ruwa na tsarin turmi shine muhimmin ma'auni. Abubuwan buƙatun ruwa na asali da haɓakar turmi mai alaƙa sun dogara ne da ƙirar turmi, watau adadin siminti, tara da tara da aka ƙara, amma haɗa CE zata iya daidaita buƙatun ruwa yadda yakamata da yawan turmi. A yawancin tsarin kayan gini, ana amfani da CE azaman mai kauri don daidaita daidaiton tsarin. Tasirin kauri na CE ya dogara da matakin polymerization na CE, maida hankali, ƙimar ƙarfi, zazzabi da sauran yanayi. Maganin ruwa na CE tare da babban danko yana da babban thixotropy. Lokacin da yawan zafin jiki ya ƙaru, gel ɗin tsari yana samuwa kuma babban thixotropy yana faruwa, wanda kuma shine babban halayen CE.

Bugu da ƙari na CE na iya daidaita tsarin rheological na tsarin kayan gini yadda ya kamata, don inganta aikin aiki, don haka turmi ya sami mafi kyawun aiki, mafi kyawun aikin ratayewa, kuma baya bin kayan aikin gini. Waɗannan kaddarorin suna sa turmi sauƙi don daidaitawa da warkewa.

2.3 Ƙimar aiki na cellulose ether modified turmi

Ƙimar aikin gyare-gyaren turmi CE ya haɗa da riƙe ruwa, danko, ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa, da dai sauransu.

Riƙewar ruwa muhimmin jigon aiki ne wanda ke da alaƙa kai tsaye da aikin gyare-gyaren turmi na CE. A halin yanzu, akwai hanyoyin gwaji da yawa da suka dace, amma yawancinsu suna amfani da hanyar famfo don cire danshi kai tsaye. Misali, kasashen waje galibi suna amfani da DIN 18555 (hanyar gwaji ta turmi kayan siminti na inorganic), kuma kamfanonin samar da kankare na Faransa suna amfani da hanyar takarda tace. Ma'auni na cikin gida wanda ya shafi hanyar gwajin riƙe ruwa yana da JC/T 517-2004 (plaster plaster), ka'idodinsa na asali da hanyar lissafi da kuma ƙa'idodin ƙasashen waje sun kasance daidai, duk ta hanyar ƙaddarar yawan ruwa na turmi ya ce turmi ruwa.

Danko wani muhimmin ma'aunin aiki ne kai tsaye da ke da alaƙa da aikin gyare-gyaren turmi na CE. Akwai hanyoyin gwajin danko guda hudu da aka saba amfani da su: Brookileld, Hakke, Hoppler da hanyar viscometer rotary. Hanyoyi guda hudu suna amfani da kayan aiki daban-daban, maida hankali na bayani, yanayin gwaji, don haka mafita iri ɗaya da aka gwada ta hanyoyi huɗu ba sakamakon iri ɗaya bane. A lokaci guda, danko na CE ya bambanta da zafin jiki da zafi, don haka danko na wannan turmi da aka canza CE yana canzawa sosai, wanda kuma shine muhimmin al'amari da za a yi nazari akan turmi da aka canza CE a halin yanzu.

An ƙaddara gwajin ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa bisa ga jagorar amfani da turmi, kamar yumbu bond turmi galibi ana nufin “ceramic bango tile adhesive” (JC/T 547-2005), Turmi karewa galibi ana nufin “buƙatun fasahar turmi na bangon waje” ( DB 31 / T 366-2006) da "rufin bango na waje tare da faɗaɗɗen katako na polystyrene plaster turmi" (JC/T 993-2006). A cikin kasashen waje, da m ƙarfi yana da halin da flexural ƙarfi shawarar da Japan Association of Materials Science (gwajin rungumi dabi'ar prismatic talakawa turmi yanke a cikin rabi biyu tare da girman 160mm × 40mm × 40mm da modified turmi sanya cikin samfurori bayan warkewa). , tare da la'akari da hanyar gwaji na ƙarfin sassauƙa na turmi siminti).

3. Ci gaban bincike na ka'idar cellulose ether turmi modified

Binciken ka'idar CE da aka gyara turmi ya fi mai da hankali kan hulɗar CE da abubuwa daban-daban a cikin tsarin turmi. The sinadaran mataki a cikin siminti-tushen abu modified ta CE za a iya m nuna a matsayin CE da ruwa, hydration mataki na ciminti kanta, CE da ciminti hulda, CE da ciminti hydration kayayyakin. Ma'amala tsakanin CE da siminti / samfuran hydration galibi suna bayyana a cikin adsorption tsakanin CE da siminti.

An ba da rahoton hulɗar tsakanin CE da siminti a gida da waje. Misali, Liu Guanghua et al. auna yuwuwar Zeta na CE gyare-gyaren siminti slurry colloid lokacin nazarin tsarin aikin CE a cikin simintin da ba shi da ma'ana. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa: Ƙimar Zeta (-12.6mV) na ciminti-doped slurry ya fi na simintin siminti (-21.84mV), yana nuna cewa simintin siminti a cikin siminti-doped slurry an rufe shi da ba-ionic polymer Layer. wanda ke sa yaduwan layin lantarki biyu ya zama sirara da ƙarfi mai tsauri tsakanin colloid ya yi rauni.

3.1 Rage ka'idar cellulose ether modified turmi

A cikin nazarin ka'idar CE da aka gyara turmi, an yi imani da cewa CE ba wai kawai tana ba da turmi da kyakkyawan aikin aiki ba, har ma yana rage saurin sakin siminti da kuma jinkirta aiwatar da aikin siminti.

Tasirin jinkirta CE galibi yana da alaƙa da tattarawar sa da tsarin kwayoyin halitta a cikin tsarin siminti na ma'adinai, amma yana da ɗan alaƙa da nauyin kwayoyin sa. Ana iya gani daga tasirin tsarin sinadarai na CE akan hydration kinetics na siminti cewa mafi girman abun cikin CE, ƙaramin digirin maye gurbin alkyl, mafi girman abun ciki na hydroxyl, mafi ƙarfi tasirin jinkirin hydration. Dangane da tsarin kwayoyin halitta, maye gurbin hydrophilic (misali, HEC) yana da tasiri mai ƙarfi na jinkiri fiye da maye gurbin hydrophobic (misali, MH, HEMC, HMPC).

Daga mahangar mu'amala tsakanin CE da siminti, ana bayyana tsarin da ake jinkirtawa ta fuskoki biyu. A gefe guda, ƙaddamar da ƙwayoyin CE akan samfuran hydration irin su c - s -H da Ca (OH) 2 yana hana ƙarin ciminti ma'adinai; a gefe guda, dankowar maganin pore yana ƙaruwa saboda CE, wanda ke rage ions (Ca2+, so42-…). Ayyukan da ke cikin maganin pore yana ƙara jinkirta tsarin hydration.

CE ba kawai yana jinkirta saiti ba, har ma yana jinkirta aikin taurin tsarin siminti. An gano cewa CE tana shafar hydration kinetics na C3S da C3A a cikin clinker siminti ta hanyoyi daban-daban. CE ya rage yawan amsawar lokaci na hanzarin C3s, kuma ya tsawaita lokacin shigar da C3A/CaSO4. Rashin jinkirin hydration na c3s zai jinkirta aiwatar da taurin turmi, yayin da tsawaita lokacin shigar da tsarin C3A/CaSO4 zai jinkirta saitin turmi.

3.2 Microstructure na cellulose ether modified turmi

Tsarin tasiri na CE akan ƙananan tsarin turmi da aka gyara ya jawo hankali sosai. An fi bayyana shi a cikin abubuwa masu zuwa:

Da fari dai, binciken ya mayar da hankali kan tsarin samar da fim da tsarin halittar CE a cikin turmi. Tunda CE ana yawan amfani da ita tare da sauran polymers, yana da mahimmancin bincike mai mahimmanci don bambanta yanayinsa da na sauran polymers a cikin turmi.

Abu na biyu, tasirin CE akan microstructure na samfuran hydration na siminti shima muhimmin jagorar bincike ne. Kamar yadda ake iya gani daga yanayin samar da fim na CE zuwa samfuran hydration, samfuran ruwa suna samar da ci gaba da tsari a mahaɗin cE da aka haɗa da samfuran hydration daban-daban. A cikin 2008, K.Pen et al. amfani da calorimetry isothermal, nazarin thermal, FTIR, SEM da BSE don nazarin tsarin lignification da samfuran hydration na 1% PVAA, MC da HEC da aka gyara turmi. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa ko da yake polymer ya jinkirta matakin farko na ciminti, ya nuna kyakkyawan tsarin hydration a cikin kwanaki 90. Musamman ma, MC kuma yana shafar yanayin halittar kristal na Ca (OH) 2. Shaidar kai tsaye ita ce cewa ana gano aikin gada na polymer a cikin lu'ulu'u masu launi, MC yana taka rawa wajen haɗa lu'ulu'u, rage ƙwanƙwasa ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙarfafa microstructure.

Juyin halittar microstructure na CE a cikin turmi shima ya ja hankalin mutane da yawa. Misali, Jenni ya yi amfani da dabarun nazari daban-daban don nazarin hulɗar da ke tsakanin kayan a cikin turmi polymer, tare da haɗa ƙididdiga da gwaje-gwaje na ƙididdiga don sake gina dukkan tsarin turmi sabo da hadawa don taurare, gami da samuwar fim ɗin polymer, hydration na siminti da ƙaura na ruwa.

Bugu da kari, da micro-analysis na daban-daban lokaci maki a cikin turmi ci gaban tsari, kuma ba zai iya zama a wurin daga turmi hadawa zuwa hardening na dukan tsari na ci gaba da micro-analysis. Sabili da haka, ya zama dole a haɗa dukkan gwajin ƙididdigewa don nazarin wasu matakai na musamman da gano tsarin samar da ƙananan ƙananan matakai na matakai masu mahimmanci. A kasar Sin, Qian Baowei, Ma Baoguo et al. kai tsaye ya bayyana tsarin hydration ta hanyar amfani da tsayayya, zafi na hydration da sauran hanyoyin gwaji. Duk da haka, saboda ƴan gwaje-gwaje da gazawar haɗuwa da tsayayya da zafi na hydration tare da microstructure a lokuta daban-daban, ba a samar da tsarin bincike daidai ba. Gabaɗaya, har ya zuwa yanzu, babu wata hanya ta kai tsaye da za a iya kwatanta ƙima da ƙima da kasancewar nau'ikan microstructure na polymer daban-daban a cikin turmi.

3.3 Nazari akan ether cellulose da aka gyara turmi mai bakin ciki

Ko da yake mutane sun yi ƙarin nazarin fasaha da ka'idoji akan aikace-aikacen CE a cikin turmi siminti. Amma dole ne ya kula da cewa CE gyare-gyaren turmi a cikin busassun busassun turmi na yau da kullun (kamar bulo mai ɗaure, ƙwanƙwasa, turmi na bakin ciki, da sauransu) ana shafa su ta hanyar turmi mai bakin ciki, wannan tsari na musamman yana tare da shi. ta turmi matsalar asarar ruwa cikin sauri.

Misali, turmi tile bonding turmi ne na al'ada bakin ciki Layer (babban Layer CE gyare-gyaren turmi samfurin yumburan tile bonding), kuma an yi nazarin tsarin samar da ruwa a gida da waje. A kasar Sin, Coptis rhizoma ya yi amfani da nau'o'i daban-daban da adadin CE don inganta aikin turmi mai haɗawa da yumbu. An yi amfani da hanyar X-ray don tabbatar da cewa matakin hydration na siminti a mahaɗin tsakanin turmi siminti da tayal yumbu bayan haɗewar CE ya ƙaru. Ta hanyar lura da mu'amala tare da na'urar hangen nesa, an gano cewa ƙarfin simintin-gada na tayal yumbura an inganta shi ta hanyar haɗa man-kamar CE maimakon yawa. Misali, Jenni ya lura da haɓakar polymer da Ca (OH) 2 kusa da saman. Jenni ta yi imanin cewa haɗin kai na siminti da polymer yana haifar da hulɗar tsakanin samar da fim ɗin polymer da ruwan siminti. Babban halayen CE gyare-gyaren turmi siminti idan aka kwatanta da tsarin siminti na yau da kullun shine babban rabon siminti na ruwa (yawanci a ko sama da 0. 8), amma saboda girman girmansu / girma, suma suna taurare da sauri, ta yadda ruwan siminti yakan zama yawanci. kasa da 30%, maimakon fiye da 90% kamar yadda aka saba. A cikin yin amfani da fasahar XRD don nazarin ka'idar ci gaba na microstructure na farfajiyar yumbu mai yumbu a cikin tsarin hardening, an gano cewa wasu ƙananan simintin siminti an "koshi" zuwa farfajiyar waje na samfurin tare da bushewa na pore. mafita. Don tallafawa wannan hasashe, an gudanar da ƙarin gwaje-gwaje ta amfani da siminti mara kyau ko mafi kyawun farar ƙasa maimakon siminti da aka yi amfani da su a baya, wanda aka ƙara goyan bayan asarar asarar XRD na lokaci ɗaya na kowane samfurin da rarrabuwar ƙasa / silica yashi girman girman rabo na ƙarshe taurare. jiki. Gwaje-gwajen sikanin mahalli na lantarki (SEM) sun nuna cewa CE da PVA sun yi ƙaura a lokacin jika da busassun hawan keke, yayin da emulsion na roba ba su yi ba. Dangane da wannan, ya kuma ƙirƙira wani samfurin hydration wanda ba a tabbatar da shi ba na siriri CE da aka gyara turmi don ɗaure tile na yumbu.

Littattafan da suka dace ba su bayar da rahoton yadda ake aiwatar da hydration na turmi na polymer ba a cikin siriri mai sirara, kuma ba a gani da kuma ƙididdige rarraba sararin samaniya na polymers daban-daban a cikin kwandon turmi da ƙididdiga ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Babu shakka, tsarin samar da ruwa da tsarin samar da microstructure na tsarin-turmi na CE a ƙarƙashin yanayin saurin asarar ruwa sun bambanta sosai da turmi na yau da kullun. Nazarin tsarin samar da ruwa na musamman da tsarin samar da microstructure na bakin ciki na CE wanda aka canza turmi zai inganta fasahar aikace-aikacen na bakin ciki na CE wanda aka gyara turmi, kamar bangon bango na waje, putty, turmi haɗin gwiwa da sauransu.

4. Akwai matsaloli

4.1 Tasirin canjin zafin jiki akan turmi da aka gyara ether cellulose

Maganin CE na nau'ikan daban-daban za su yi gel a takamaiman yanayin su, tsarin gel gaba ɗaya yana jujjuyawa. Thermal gelation mai jujjuyawa na CE na musamman ne. A cikin samfuran siminti da yawa, babban amfani da danko na CE da daidaitaccen riƙewar ruwa da kaddarorin lubrication, da danko da zafin jiki na gel yana da alaƙa kai tsaye, ƙarƙashin zafin gel ɗin, ƙananan zafin jiki, mafi girman danko na CE, mafi kyawun aikin riƙe ruwa daidai.

A lokaci guda, solubility na nau'ikan CE daban-daban a yanayin zafi daban-daban ba iri ɗaya bane. Irin su methyl cellulose mai narkewa a cikin ruwan sanyi, wanda ba a iya narkewa a cikin ruwan zafi; Methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose yana narkewa a cikin ruwan sanyi, ba ruwan zafi ba. Amma lokacin da ruwan maganin methyl cellulose da methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ya yi zafi, methyl cellulose da methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose za su yi hazo. Methyl cellulose precipitated a 45 ~ 60 ℃, da kuma gauraye etherized methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose precipitated lokacin da zafin jiki ya karu zuwa 65 ~ 80 ℃ da zazzabi rage, precipitated sake narkar da. Hydroxyethyl cellulose da sodium hydroxyethyl cellulose suna narkewa cikin ruwa a kowane zafin jiki.

A cikin ainihin amfani da CE, marubucin ya kuma gano cewa ƙarfin riƙe ruwa na CE yana raguwa da sauri a ƙananan yanayin zafi (5 ℃), wanda yawanci yana nunawa cikin saurin raguwar aiki yayin gini a cikin hunturu, kuma dole ne a ƙara ƙarin CE. . A halin yanzu dai ba a bayyana dalilin wannan lamarin ba. Ana iya haifar da bincike ta hanyar canjin solubility na wasu CE a cikin ƙananan ruwan zafi, wanda ke buƙatar aiwatar da shi don tabbatar da ingancin gini a cikin hunturu.

4.2 Kumfa da kuma kawar da ether cellulose

CE yawanci yana gabatar da adadi mai yawa na kumfa. A gefe guda, ƙananan kumfa iri ɗaya da tsayayye suna taimakawa ga aikin turmi, kamar haɓaka haɓakar turmi da haɓaka juriyar sanyi da dorewar turmi. Madadin haka, kumfa masu girma suna lalata juriyar sanyin turmi da karko.

Ana hada turmi da ruwa sai a jujjuya turmin, sannan a kawo iska a cikin sabon turmin da aka gauraya, sannan a nade iskar da romin da ya jika ya zama kumfa. A al'ada, a ƙarƙashin yanayin ƙarancin danko na maganin, kumfa ya tashi saboda buoyancy da sauri zuwa saman maganin. Kumfa suna tserewa daga sararin sama zuwa iska na waje, kuma fim din ruwa ya koma saman zai haifar da bambancin matsa lamba saboda aikin nauyi. Kauri daga cikin fim din zai zama bakin ciki tare da lokaci, kuma a ƙarshe kumfa za su fashe. Koyaya, saboda yawan ɗankowar sabon turmi ɗin da aka haɗa bayan an ƙara CE, matsakaicin adadin ruwan leƙen ruwa a cikin fim ɗin na ruwa yana raguwa, ta yadda fim ɗin ɗin ba shi da sauƙi ya zama siriri; A lokaci guda kuma, haɓakar dankowar turmi zai rage saurin yaduwar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda ke da fa'ida ga kwanciyar hankali. Wannan yana sa ɗimbin kumfa da aka shigar a cikin turmi su zauna a cikin turmi.

Tashin hankali da tashin hankali tsakanin fuska na maganin ruwa wanda ya ƙare Al alamar CE a 1% taro taro a 20 ℃. CE yana da tasirin shigar iska akan turmi siminti. Tasirin shigar da iska na CE yana da mummunan tasiri akan ƙarfin injina lokacin da aka gabatar da manyan kumfa.

Mai lalata kumfa a cikin turmi na iya hana kumfa ta hanyar amfani da CE, kuma ya lalata kumfan da aka yi. Its aikin inji shi ne: da defoaming wakili shiga cikin ruwa film, rage danko daga cikin ruwa, Forms wani sabon dubawa tare da low surface danko, sa da ruwa film rasa ta elasticity, accelerates aiwatar da ruwa exudation, kuma a karshe ya sa da ruwa film. bakin ciki da fasa. The fodamer defoamer iya rage gas abun ciki na sabon gauraye turmi, kuma akwai hydrocarbons, stearic acid da ester, trietyl phosphate, polyethylene glycol ko polysiloxane adsorbed a kan inorganic m. A halin yanzu, foamer na foda da ake amfani da shi a busassun turmi mai gauraya shine yafi polyols da polysiloxane.

Ko da yake an ruwaito cewa baya ga daidaita abun cikin kumfa, aikace-aikacen defoamer kuma na iya rage raguwa, amma nau'ikan defoamer daban-daban kuma suna da matsalolin daidaitawa da canjin yanayin zafi yayin amfani da su tare da CE, waɗannan sune ainihin yanayin da za a warware su Yin amfani da ƙirar turmi da aka canza ta CE.

4.3 Daidaitawa tsakanin ether cellulose da sauran kayan a cikin turmi

Yawanci ana amfani da CE tare da sauran abubuwan haɗin gwiwa a cikin busassun turmi mai gauraya, kamar defoamer, wakili mai rage ruwa, foda mai ɗaci, da sauransu. Waɗannan abubuwan suna taka rawa daban-daban a turmi bi da bi. Don nazarin daidaituwar CE tare da sauran abubuwan haɗin gwiwa shine jigo na ingantaccen amfani da waɗannan abubuwan.

busassun turmi mai gauraye da aka fi amfani da su na rage ruwa sune: casein, lignin jerin rage rage ruwa, naphthalene jerin ruwa rage wakili, melamine formaldehyde condensation, polycarboxylic acid. Casein yana da kyakkyawan superplasticizer, musamman ga turmi na bakin ciki, amma saboda samfurin halitta ne, inganci da farashi sau da yawa suna canzawa. Lignin masu rage ruwa sun hada da sodium lignosulfonate (sodium itace), calcium na itace, magnesium itace. Naphthalene jerin ruwa rage yawan amfani da Lou. Naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensates, melamine formaldehyde condensates ne mai kyau superplasticizers, amma tasiri a kan bakin ciki turmi yana da iyaka. Polycarboxylic acid sabuwar fasaha ce ta haɓaka tare da inganci mai inganci kuma babu fitar da formaldehyde. Domin CE da na yau da kullum na naphthalene superplasticizer zai haifar da coagulation don yin kankare cakuda rasa workability, don haka wajibi ne a zabi wadanda ba naphthalene jerin superplasticizer a cikin injiniya. Duk da cewa an yi nazari kan illar sinadari na turmi da aka gyara na CE da wasu nau'o'i daban-daban, har yanzu akwai rashin fahimta da yawa da ake amfani da su saboda nau'ikan admixtures daban-daban da CE da ƴan nazarce-nazarce kan tsarin hulɗar, kuma ana buƙatar ɗimbin gwaje-gwaje don inganta shi.

5. Kammalawa

Matsayin CE a cikin turmi yana nunawa a cikin kyakkyawan ƙarfin riƙe ruwa, tasiri akan daidaito da kaddarorin thixotropic na turmi da daidaita abubuwan rheological. Baya ga baiwa turmi kyakkyawan aikin aiki, CE kuma na iya rage saurin sakin siminti mai zafi da jinkirin aikin siminti mai kuzari. Hanyoyin kimanta aikin turmi sun bambanta dangane da lokuta daban-daban na aikace-aikacen.

Yawancin karatu kan microstructure na CE a cikin turmi kamar tsarin samar da fim da tsarin halittar fim an gudanar da su a ƙasashen waje, amma har ya zuwa yanzu, babu wata hanyar kai tsaye da za a iya kwatanta ƙima da ƙima da kasancewar nau'ikan microstructure na polymer daban-daban a cikin turmi. .

Ana amfani da turmi da aka gyara na CE ta hanyar turmi mai bakin ciki a cikin busassun busassun turmi na yau da kullun (kamar bulo mai ɗaure fuska, sabulu, turmi na bakin ciki, da sauransu). Wannan tsari na musamman yana tare da matsalar saurin asarar turmi. A halin yanzu, babban binciken yana mai da hankali ne kan ɗaure bulo na fuska, kuma akwai ɗan bincike kan wasu nau'ikan siraɗi na CE da aka gyara turmi.

Sabili da haka, a nan gaba, ya zama dole don hanzarta bincike game da tsarin hydration mai laushi na cellulose ether wanda aka gyara turmi a cikin tsarin launi na bakin ciki da ka'idar rarraba sararin samaniya na polymer a cikin turmi Layer a ƙarƙashin yanayin saurin asarar ruwa. A cikin aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen, ya kamata a yi la'akari sosai da tasirin cellulose ether da aka gyara akan canjin zafin jiki da dacewarsa tare da sauran abubuwan haɗin gwiwa. Ayyukan bincike masu alaƙa zasu haɓaka haɓaka fasahar aikace-aikacen CE da aka gyara turmi kamar bangon bango na waje, putty, turmi na haɗin gwiwa da sauran turmi na bakin ciki.