1. Riƙe ruwa da kayan kauri
Babban nau'in kayan da ke riƙe da ruwa shine ether cellulose. Cellulose ether wani abu ne mai inganci wanda zai iya inganta takamaiman aikin turmi tare da ƙaramin adadin ƙari. Ana canza shi daga cellulose mai ruwa-ruwa zuwa fiber mai narkewa ta ruwa ta hanyar etherification. An yi shi da fili ether kuma yana da ainihin rukunin tsarin anhydroglucose. Yana da kaddarori daban-daban bisa ga nau'i da adadin ƙungiyoyin da ke musanya akan matsayinsa. Ana iya amfani dashi azaman mai kauri don daidaita daidaiton turmi; Riƙewar ruwan sa Yana iya daidaita buƙatun ruwa na turmi, kuma a hankali yana iya sakin ruwa a cikin wani ɗan lokaci, wanda zai iya tabbatar da cewa slurry da substrate mai shayar da ruwa sun fi dacewa. A lokaci guda, cellulose ether iya daidaita rheological Properties na turmi, ƙara workability da workability. Ana iya amfani da mahaɗin ether na cellulose masu zuwa azaman abubuwan da ke cikin sinadaran busassun busassun turmi: ①Na-carboxymethyl cellulose; ②Ethyl cellulose; ③Methyl cellulose; ④ Hydroxy cellulose ether; ⑤Hydroxypropyl methyl Cellulose; ⑥ sitaci ester, da dai sauransu. Ƙarin abubuwan da aka ambata a sama daban-daban ethers cellulose suna inganta aikin busassun busassun turmi: ① Ƙara yawan aiki; ②Ƙara mannewa; ③ Turmi ba shi da sauƙin zubar jini da rabuwa; Kyakkyawan juriya mai tsauri; ⑥ Turmi yana da sauƙin ginawa a cikin yadudduka na bakin ciki. Baya ga abubuwan da ke sama, daban-daban ethers cellulose ma suna da nasu kaddarorin na musamman. Cai Wei daga Jami'ar Chongqing ya taƙaita tsarin inganta aikin methyl cellulose ether akan aikin turmi. Ya yi imanin cewa bayan ƙara MC (methyl cellulose ether) wakili mai riƙe da ruwa zuwa turmi, za a samar da ƙananan kumfa mai yawa. Yana aiki kamar ɗaukar ƙwallo, wanda ke haɓaka aikin sabon gauraye turmi, kuma har yanzu ana riƙe kumfa na iska a cikin turmi mai tauri, yana samar da pores masu zaman kansu da toshe ramukan capillary. MC water retaining agent shima zai iya inganta rikon ruwan turmi da aka gauraya da shi sosai, wanda hakan ba zai iya hana turmin zubar jini da warewa kadai ba, har ma ya hana ruwan daga fitowa da sauri ko kuma a tsotse shi da sauri. matakin farko na warkewa, ta yadda simintin zai iya samun ruwa mai kyau, ta yadda haɗin gwiwa ya inganta. Haɗin wakili mai riƙe ruwa na MC zai inganta raguwar turmi. Wannan wakili ne mai kula da ruwa mai kyau wanda za'a iya cika shi a cikin ramuka, ta yadda za a rage ramukan da aka haɗa da juna a cikin turmi, kuma za a rage asarar ruwa na evaporation, ta yadda za a rage bushe bushewar turmi. daraja. Cellulose ether gabaɗaya ana haɗe shi a cikin busasshiyar turmi mai haɗaɗɗiya, musamman idan aka yi amfani da ita azaman abin ɗamara na tayal. Idan an haxa ether cellulose a cikin mannen tayal, za a iya inganta ƙarfin riƙe ruwa na mastic tile sosai. Cellulose ether yana hana saurin asarar ruwa daga siminti zuwa siminti ko tubali, don haka simintin ya sami isasshen ruwa don ƙarfafawa sosai, yana tsawaita lokacin gyarawa, kuma yana haɓaka ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa. Bugu da ƙari, ether cellulose kuma yana inganta filastik na mastic, yana sa ginin ya fi sauƙi, yana ƙara wurin hulɗa tsakanin mastic da jikin bulo, kuma yana rage zamewa da sagging na mastic, ko da ma'auni na kowane yanki yana da girma kuma yawa saman yana da girma. Fale-falen fale-falen suna manne a saman saman tsaye ba tare da zamewar mastic ba. Cellulose ether kuma na iya jinkirta samuwar fatar siminti, tsawaita lokacin buɗewa, da ƙara yawan amfani da siminti.
2. Organic fiber
Za a iya raba zaruruwan da ake amfani da su a cikin turmi zuwa filayen ƙarfe, filayen inorganic fibers da zaruruwan ƙwayoyin halitta gwargwadon abubuwan kayansu. Ƙara zaruruwa a cikin turmi na iya inganta haɓaka aikinta na hana fasa-kwari da hana gani. Yawancin zaruruwan halitta ana ƙara su zuwa busassun turmi mai gauraya don inganta rashin ƙarfi da juriya na turmi. Filayen da aka fi amfani da su sune: polypropylene fiber (PP), polyamide (nailan) (PA) fiber, polyvinyl barasa (vinylon) (PVA) fiber, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), fiber polyethylene, fiber polyester, da sauransu. a halin yanzu mafi yawan amfani. Shi polymer crystalline tare da tsari na yau da kullum wanda aka sanya shi ta hanyar propylene monomer a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi. Yana da juriya na lalata sinadarai, kyakkyawan aiki mai kyau, nauyi mai sauƙi, ƙananan raguwa, da ƙarancin farashi. Da sauran halaye, kuma saboda fiber na polypropylene yana da tsayayya ga acid da alkali, kuma ba ya yin maganin sinadarai tare da kayan tushen siminti, ya sami kulawa sosai a gida da waje. Sakamakon anti-fatsawa na zaruruwa gauraye da turmi yawanci ya kasu kashi biyu: daya shine matakin turmi na filastik; ɗayan kuma shine matakin jikin turmi mai tauri. A cikin matakin filastik na turmi, filaye masu rarraba daidaitattun suna ba da tsarin hanyar sadarwa mai ma'ana guda uku, wanda ke taka rawa wajen tallafawa tararraki mai kyau, yana hana daidaitawar tarawa mai kyau, kuma yana rage rarrabuwa. Rarraba shi ne babban dalilin da ke haifar da tsagewar turmi, kuma ƙara da zaruruwa yana rage rarrabuwa na turmi kuma yana rage yiwuwar fashewar turmi. Sakamakon zubar da ruwa a cikin matakin filastik, raguwar turmi zai haifar da damuwa mai ƙarfi, kuma ƙari na zaruruwa zai iya ɗaukar wannan damuwa. A cikin matakin taurarewar turmi, saboda kasancewar bushewar bushewa, raguwar carbonization, da raguwar zafin jiki, damuwa kuma za a haifar da shi a cikin turmi. microcrack tsawo. Yuan Zhenyu da sauran su ma sun kammala ta hanyar nazarin gwajin juriya na farantin turmi, cewa hada fiber na polypropylene a cikin turmin na iya rage aukuwar fashewar robobi da kuma inganta juriyar fasa turmin. Lokacin da ƙarar abun ciki na fiber polypropylene a cikin turmi shine 0.05% da 0.10%, za'a iya rage fasa da 65% da 75%, bi da bi. Huang Chengya da wasu daga Makarantar Materials, Jami'ar Fasaha ta Kudancin China, sun kuma tabbatar ta hanyar gwajin aikin injiniya na gyare-gyaren polypropylene fiber ciment-tushen kayan da aka haɗa da ƙara ƙaramin adadin fiber na polypropylene zuwa turmi ciminti zai iya inganta ƙarfin sassauƙa da matsawa. na siminti turmi. Mafi kyawun adadin fiber a cikin turmi siminti shine kusan 0.9kg/m3, idan adadin ya wuce wannan adadin, ƙarfin ƙarfafawa da ƙarfafa tasirin fiber akan turmin siminti ba zai inganta sosai ba, kuma ba tattalin arziki bane. Ƙara zaruruwa zuwa turmi na iya inganta rashin ƙarfi na turmi. Lokacin da matrix siminti ya ragu, saboda rawar da sandunan ƙarfe masu kyau da zaruruwa ke takawa, ana amfani da makamashi yadda ya kamata. Ko da idan akwai ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta bayan coagulation, a ƙarƙashin aikin damuwa na ciki da na waje, za a hana fadada fashe ta hanyar tsarin hanyar sadarwa na fiber. , Yana da wuya a ci gaba a cikin manyan ɓarna, don haka yana da wuya a samar da hanyar da za a yi amfani da ita, ta yadda za a inganta impermeability na turmi.
3. Wakilin fadadawa
Wakilin faɗaɗa wani muhimmin sashi ne na hana fashe-fashe da ɓarna a cikin busasshen turmi-mix. Abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su na faɗaɗawa sune AEA, UEA, CEA da sauransu. AEA fadada wakili yana da abũbuwan amfãni daga babban makamashi, kananan sashi, high post-ƙarfi, bushe shrinkage, da kuma low alkali abun ciki. Calcium aluminate ma'adanai CA a cikin babban-alumina clinker a cikin sashin AEA na farko ya fara amsawa tare da CaSO4 da Ca (OH) 2 don yin ruwa don samar da calcium sulfoaluminate hydrate (ettringite) da fadada. UEA kuma tana haifar da ettringite don samar da haɓakawa, yayin da CEA galibi ke haifar da calcium hydroxide. Wakilin fadada AEA shine wakili na faɗaɗa aluminate, wanda shine haɓakar haɓakawa da aka yi ta hanyar haɗa wani yanki na babban alumina clinker, alunite na halitta da gypsum. Fadada da aka kafa bayan ƙarar AEA shine yafi saboda bangarori biyu: a farkon matakin ciminti hydration, calcium aluminate ma'adinai CA a cikin babban alumina clinker a cikin AEA bangaren farko ya amsa da CaSO4 da Ca (OH) 2, da kuma hydrates. don samar da calcium sulfoaluminate hydrate (ettringite) da kuma fadada, adadin fadada yana da yawa. Abubuwan da aka samar da ettringite da hydrated aluminum hydroxide gel suna yin lokacin haɓakawa da lokacin gel ɗin daidai gwargwado, wanda ba wai kawai tabbatar da aikin haɓaka ba amma yana tabbatar da ƙarfi. A mataki na tsakiya da na ƙarshen, ettringite kuma yana haifar da ettringite a ƙarƙashin haɓakar gypsum na lemun tsami don samar da ƙananan haɓaka, wanda ke inganta ƙananan ƙirar siminti aggregate interface. Bayan da aka ƙara AEA zuwa turmi, babban adadin ettringite da aka samar a farkon matakan farko da na tsakiya zai fadada ƙarar turmi, ya sa tsarin cikin gida ya fi dacewa, inganta tsarin pore na turmi, rage macropores, rage duka. porosity, da kuma inganta impermeability. Lokacin da turmi ya kasance a cikin bushewa a cikin mataki na gaba, fadadawa a farkon matakan farko da na tsakiya na iya daidaitawa duka ko ɓangarorin raguwa a mataki na gaba, ta yadda tsayin daka da juriya ya inganta. Ana yin abubuwan faɗaɗa UEA daga mahaɗan inorganic kamar sulfates, alumina, potassium sulfoaluminate da calcium sulfate. Lokacin da aka haɗa UEA cikin siminti a cikin adadin da ya dace, zai iya cimma ayyukan ramawa raguwa, juriya mai tsagewa da ƙyalli. Bayan an ƙara UEA zuwa siminti na yau da kullun kuma a haɗe, za ta amsa da silicate na siliki da hydrate don samar da Ca (OH) 2, wanda zai haifar da sulfoaluminic acid. Calcium (C2A · 3CaSO4 · 32H2O) shine ettringite, wanda ke sa turmin siminti ya faɗaɗa matsakaicin matsakaici, kuma yawan adadin simintin siminti ya yi daidai da abun ciki na UEA, yana sa turmi ya yi yawa, tare da tsayin daka da rashin ƙarfi. Lin Wentian ya shafa turmi siminti gauraye da UEA zuwa bangon waje, kuma ya sami sakamako mai kyau na hana yaɗuwa. CEA fadada wakili clinker an yi shi da farar ƙasa, yumbu (ko babban yumbu na alumina), da foda na ƙarfe, wanda aka ƙididdige shi a 1350-1400 ° C, sannan ƙasa don yin wakili na fadada CEA. Ma'aikatan fadada CEA suna da hanyoyin haɓaka guda biyu: CaO hydration don samar da Ca (OH) 2; C3A da kunna Al2O3 don samar da ettringite a cikin matsakaicin gypsum da Ca (OH) 2.
4. Filastik
Turmi Plasticizer wani nau'in turmi mai ƙyalli ne na iska wanda aka haɗa shi ta hanyar polymers na kwayoyin halitta da abubuwan haɗin sinadarai na inorganic, kuma abu ne mai aiki na anionic. Yana iya rage girman tashin hankali na bayani sosai, kuma yana samar da adadi mai yawa na rufaffiyar kumfa (yawanci 0.25-2.5mm a diamita) yayin aikin haɗakar turmi da ruwa. Nisa tsakanin microbubbles yana da ƙananan kuma kwanciyar hankali yana da kyau, wanda zai iya inganta ingantaccen aiki na turmi. ; Yana iya tarwatsa siminti, haɓaka halayen siminti, haɓaka ƙarfin turmi, rashin ƙarfi da juriya-narke, da rage ɓangaren ciminti; yana da danko mai kyau, manne mai karfi na turmi gauraye da shi, kuma zai iya zama da kyau Hana matsalolin gini na yau da kullun kamar harsashi (ramuwa), tsagewa, da tsagewar ruwa a bango; zai iya inganta yanayin gini, rage ƙarfin aiki, da haɓaka gine-gine na wayewa; wata muhimmiyar fa'ida ce ta tattalin arziki da zamantakewa wacce za ta iya inganta ingancin aikin da rage abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da muhalli da makamashi tare da ƙarancin farashin gini. Lignosulfonate wani roba ne da aka fi amfani da shi a busassun turmi, wanda sharar gida ne daga masana'antar takarda, kuma yawan adadin sa shine 0.2% zuwa 0.3%. Ana amfani da robobi sau da yawa a cikin turmi waɗanda ke buƙatar kyawawan kaddarorin daidaita kai, kamar matakan daidaita kai, turmi na sama ko turmi masu daidaitawa. Ƙara kayan filastik a cikin turmi na masonry zai iya inganta aikin turmi, inganta yawan ruwa, ruwa da haɗin kai na turmi, da kuma shawo kan gazawar simintin da aka haɗe da turmi irin su fashewar ash, babban raguwa da ƙananan ƙarfi, don tabbatar da tabbatarwa. Ingancin masonry. Yana iya ajiye 50% lemun tsami manna a cikin plastering turmi, kuma turmi ba shi da sauƙi don zubar da jini ko rabuwa; turmi yana da kyau adhesion zuwa substrate; Layer na saman ba shi da wani abu na gishiri, kuma yana da juriya mai kyau, juriya na sanyi da juriya na yanayi.
5. Hydrophobic ƙari
Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na hydrophobic ko masu hana ruwa suna hana ruwa shiga turmi yayin da kuma ajiye turmi a buɗe don ba da damar yaduwar tururin ruwa. Hydrophobic Additives ga busassun gauraye turmi kayayyakin kamata da wadannan halaye: ①Ya kamata a foda samfurin; ②Samu kyawawan kaddarorin hadawa; ③ Yi turmi a matsayin duka hydrophobic kuma kula da tasiri na dogon lokaci; ④ Bond zuwa saman Ƙarfi ba shi da wani tasiri mara kyau a fili; ⑤ abokantaka da muhalli. Hydrophobic jamiái a halin yanzu amfani ne m acid karfe salts, kamar calcium stearate; silane. Duk da haka, calcium stearate ba dace hydrophobic ƙari ga bushe-mixed turmi, musamman ga plastering kayan for inji yi, domin yana da wuya a Mix da sauri da kuma uniformly tare da ciminti turmi. Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na hydrophobic yawanci ana amfani da su a cikin plastering turmi don tsarin plastering na bakin ciki na waje na tsarin zafin jiki, tile grouts, turmi masu launi na ado, da turmi mai hana ruwa don bangon waje.
6. Sauran additives
Ana amfani da coagulant don daidaita saiti da taurin kaddarorin turmi. Calcium formate da lithium carbonate ana amfani da su sosai. Abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su sune 1% calcium formate da 0.2% lithium carbonate. Kamar accelerators, ana kuma amfani da retarders don daidaita saiti da kaddarorin turmi. Tartaric acid, citric acid da gishiri su, da gluconate an yi amfani da su cikin nasara. Matsakaicin adadin shine 0.05% ~ 0.2%. Powdered defoamer yana rage abun cikin iska na sabon turmi. Masu lalata foda suna dogara ne akan ƙungiyoyin sinadarai daban-daban kamar hydrocarbons, polyethylene glycols ko polysiloxanes da aka tallata akan tallafin inorganic. Ether na sitaci na iya haɓaka daidaiton turmi sosai, don haka ɗan ƙara yawan buƙatar ruwa da ƙimar yawan amfanin ƙasa, da rage madaidaicin matakin turmi mai gauraya sabo. Wannan yana ba da damar yin turmi ya yi kauri da kuma mannen tayal don manne da fale-falen fale-falen nauyi tare da ƙarancin sagging.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-06-2023