Tasirin Matsaloli da Nauyin Kwayoyin Halitta akan Abubuwan Sama na Nonionic Cellulose Ether

Bisa ga ka'idar impregnation na Washburn (Ka'idar Shiga) da kuma van Oss-Good-Chaudhury's haduwa ka'idar (Hada Theory) da kuma aikace-aikace na columnar wick fasaha (Column Wicking Technique), da dama wadanda ba ionic cellulose ethers, kamar methyl cellulose The surface Properties na. cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose da hydroxypropyl methylcellulose an gwada. Saboda mabanbanta daban-daban, digiri na maye da ma'aunin kwayoyin halitta na waɗannan ethers cellulose, ƙarfin saman su da abubuwan da ke tattare da su sun bambanta sosai. Bayanan sun nuna cewa tushen Lewis na ether maras ionic cellulose ya fi girma fiye da Lewis acid, kuma babban bangaren makamashi na kyauta shine Lifshitz-van der Waals karfi. The surface makamashi na hydroxypropyl da abun da ke ciki sun fi na hydroxymethyl. Ƙarƙashin jigon madaidaicin guda ɗaya da digiri na maye gurbin, sararin samaniya kyauta na hydroxypropyl cellulose yana daidai da nauyin kwayoyin halitta; yayin da makamashin kyauta na hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ya yi daidai da matakin maye gurbin kuma ya yi daidai da nauyin kwayoyin halitta. Har ila yau, gwajin ya gano cewa makamashin saman da ke maye gurbin hydroxypropyl da hydroxypropylmethyl a cikin ether ɗin da ba na ionic cellulose ba yana da alama ya fi ƙarfin sararin samaniyar cellulose, kuma gwajin ya tabbatar da cewa makamashin da aka gwada na cellulose da abun da ke ciki Bayanan sun kasance. daidai da wallafe-wallafe.

Mabuɗin kalmomi: nonionic cellulose ethers; masu maye gurbin da digiri na maye gurbin; nauyin kwayoyin halitta; Properties na surface; fasahar wick

Cellulose ether babban nau'i ne na abubuwan da suka samo asali na cellulose, waɗanda za a iya raba su zuwa anionic, cationic da nonionic ethers bisa ga tsarin sinadarai na masu maye gurbin su. Cellulose ether kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin samfuran farko da aka bincika kuma aka samar a cikin sinadarai na polymer. Ya zuwa yanzu, ana amfani da ether cellulose sosai a cikin magunguna, tsafta, kayan kwalliya da masana'antar abinci.

Kodayake ethers cellulose, irin su hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose da hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, an samar da su ta hanyar masana'antu kuma an yi nazarin yawancin kaddarorin su, makamashin saman su, acid Alkali-reactive Properties ba a ba da rahoton ba ya zuwa yanzu. Tun da yawancin waɗannan samfuran ana amfani da su a cikin yanayin ruwa, da halaye na farfajiya, musamman halayen halayen acid-base, suna iya shafar amfani da su, yana da matukar mahimmanci don nazarin da fahimtar halayen sinadarai na wannan kasuwancin ether cellulose.

Idan akai la'akari da cewa samfurori na samfurori na cellulose suna da sauƙin canzawa tare da canjin yanayi na shirye-shiryen, wannan takarda yana amfani da samfurori na kasuwanci a matsayin samfurori don kwatanta makamashin su, kuma bisa ga wannan, tasirin masu maye gurbin da nauyin kwayoyin irin waɗannan samfurori a kan farfajiya. ana nazarin kaddarorin.

1. Bangaren gwaji

1.1 Kayan danye

Eter cellulose maras ionic da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin gwaji shine samfurinKudin hannun jari KIMA CHEMICAL CO., LTD,. Samfurori ba a yi musu wani magani ba kafin gwaji.

Idan akai la'akari da cewa abubuwan da aka samo asali na cellulose an yi su ne daga cellulose, sassan biyu suna kusa, kuma an ba da rahoton abubuwan da ke cikin cellulose a cikin wallafe-wallafen, don haka wannan takarda yana amfani da cellulose a matsayin misali samfurin. Samfurin cellulose da aka yi amfani da shi shine lambar mai suna C8002 kuma an saya shi dagaKIMA, CN. Samfurin ba a yiwa kowane magani ba yayin gwajin.

Reagents da aka yi amfani da su a cikin gwajin su ne: ethane, diodomethane, ruwa mai narkewa, formamide, toluene, chloroform. Dukkanin ruwaye sun kasance samfura masu tsafta banda ruwa wanda ake samu a kasuwa.

1.2 Hanyar gwaji

A cikin wannan gwaji, an yi amfani da fasahar wicking na ginshiƙi, kuma an yanke wani sashi (kimanin 10 cm) na daidaitaccen pipette tare da diamita na ciki na 3 mm a matsayin bututun shafi. Saka 200 MG na samfurin foda a cikin bututun ginshiƙi kowane lokaci, sannan a girgiza shi don yin daidai kuma sanya shi a tsaye a kasan kwandon gilashi tare da diamita na ciki na kusan 3 cm, ta yadda za a iya haɗa ruwa ba tare da bata lokaci ba. Auna 1 ml na ruwan da za a gwada kuma saka shi a cikin akwati na gilashi, da rikodin lokacin nutsewa t da nisan nutsarwa X a lokaci guda. Dukkan gwaje-gwajen an yi su ne a zafin daki (25±1°C). Kowane bayanai shine matsakaicin gwaje-gwajen kwafi guda uku.

1.3 Lissafin bayanan gwaji

Tushen ka'idar don aikace-aikacen fasaha na wicking shafi don gwada ƙarfin saman kayan foda shine Washburn impregnation equation (Washburn penetration equation).

1.3.1 Ƙaddamar da radius mai tasiri mai tasiri Reff na samfurin da aka auna

Lokacin amfani da dabarar immersion na Washburn, yanayin samun cikakkiyar jika shine cos=1. Wannan yana nufin cewa lokacin da aka zaɓi wani ruwa don nutsewa cikin ƙarfi don cimma cikakkiyar yanayin rigar, za mu iya ƙididdige radius Reff mai tasiri na capillary na samfurin da aka auna ta hanyar gwada nisa da lokacin nutsewa bisa ga wani yanayi na musamman na tsarin immersion na Washburn.

1.3.2 Lifshitz-van der Waals ƙarfin ƙididdigewa don samfurin da aka auna

A cewar van Oss-Chaudhury-Good's hada dokokin, dangantakar dake tsakanin halayen da ke tsakanin ruwa da daskararru.

1.3.3 Lissafi na Lewis acid-tushen ƙarfi na samfurori da aka auna

Gabaɗaya, ana kimanta kaddarorin acid-tushe na daskararru daga bayanan da aka cika da ruwa da foramide. Amma a cikin wannan labarin, mun gano cewa babu matsala lokacin amfani da wannan nau'i na ruwa na polar don auna cellulose, amma a cikin gwajin ether cellulose, saboda tsayin daka na tsarin maganin maganin ruwa na ruwa / formamide a cikin ether cellulose yana da ƙasa da ƙasa. , Yin rikodin lokaci yana da wahala sosai. Saboda haka, an zaɓi tsarin maganin toluene/chloroform wanda Chibowsk ya gabatar. A cewar Chibowski, toluene/chloroform polar solution system shima zaɓi ne. Wannan shi ne saboda wadannan ruwaye guda biyu suna da acidity na musamman da alkalinity, misali, toluene ba shi da acidity na Lewis, kuma chloroform ba shi da alkalinity Lewis. Domin samun bayanan da aka samu ta hanyar tsarin maganin toluene/chloroform kusa da tsarin maganin maganin polar da aka ba da shawarar na ruwa/formamide, muna amfani da waɗannan tsarin ruwa na polar guda biyu don gwada cellulose a lokaci guda, sannan mu sami daidaitattun haɓakawa ko haɓakawa. Kafin yin amfani da bayanan da aka samu ta hanyar shigar da ether cellulose tare da toluene / chloroform suna kusa da sakamakon da aka samu don tsarin ruwa / formamide. Tun da ethers cellulose an samo su daga cellulose kuma akwai tsari mai kama da juna tsakanin su biyun, wannan hanyar kimantawa na iya zama mai inganci.

1.3.4 Lissafi na jimlar makamashi kyauta

2. Sakamako da Tattaunawa

2.1 Cellulose misali

Tun da sakamakon gwajin mu akan samfurori na yau da kullum na cellulose sun gano cewa waɗannan bayanan suna cikin kyakkyawar yarjejeniya tare da waɗanda aka ruwaito a cikin wallafe-wallafen, yana da kyau a yi imani da cewa sakamakon gwajin akan ethers cellulose ya kamata a yi la'akari.

2.2 Sakamakon gwaji da tattaunawa na ether cellulose

A lokacin gwajin ether cellulose, yana da matukar wahala a yi rikodin nisa da lokacin nutsewa saboda ƙarancin zurfin zurfin ruwa da foramide. Sabili da haka, wannan takarda ta zaɓi tsarin tsarin maganin toluene / chloroform a matsayin madadin bayani, kuma ya kiyasta Lewis acidity na cellulose ether bisa ga sakamakon gwajin ruwa / formamide da toluene / chloroform akan cellulose da kuma dangantakar da ke tsakanin tsarin mafita guda biyu. da kuma alkaline iko.

Ɗaukar cellulose a matsayin samfurin misali, an ba da jerin halayen acid-tushe na ethers cellulose. Tunda an gwada sakamakon ether cellulose mai ciki tare da toluene/chloroform kai tsaye, yana da gamsarwa.

Wannan yana nufin cewa nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in kwayoyin halitta na masu maye gurbin suna shafar kaddarorin acid-tushe na cellulose ether, da kuma alaƙar da ke tsakanin abubuwan maye biyu, hydroxypropyl da hydroxypropylmethyl, akan kaddarorin acid-tushe na cellulose ether da nauyin kwayoyin gaba ɗaya gaba ɗaya. Amma kuma yana iya kasancewa yana da alaƙa da cewa 'yan majalisar wakilai ne masu maye gurbinsu.

Tunda abubuwan da ke maye gurbin MO43 da K8913 sun bambanta kuma suna da nauyin kwayoyin halitta iri ɗaya, alal misali, madadin na farko shine hydroxymethyl kuma mai maye gurbin na karshen shine hydroxypropyl, amma nauyin kwayoyin halitta na biyu shine 100,000, don haka yana nufin cewa Jigo na nauyin kwayoyin halitta iri ɗaya A ƙarƙashin yanayi, S+ da S- na ƙungiyar hydroxymethyl na iya zama ƙasa da ƙungiyar hydroxypropyl. Amma matakin maye kuma yana yiwuwa, saboda matakin maye gurbin K8913 shine kusan 3.00, yayin da na MO43 shine kawai 1.90.

Tun da digiri na maye gurbin da masu maye gurbin K8913 da K9113 iri ɗaya ne amma nauyin kwayoyin halitta kawai ya bambanta, kwatanta tsakanin su biyun ya nuna cewa S + na hydroxypropyl cellulose yana raguwa tare da karuwar nauyin kwayoyin halitta, amma S- yana ƙaruwa akasin haka. .

Daga taƙaitaccen sakamakon gwajin daɗaɗɗen makamashin sararin samaniya na dukkanin ethers cellulose da abubuwan da ke cikin su, za a iya ganin cewa ko dai cellulose ko cellulose ether, babban abin da ke cikin makamashin su shine Lifshitz-van der Waals Force, lissafin kudi. kusan 98% ~ 99%. Bugu da ƙari, sojojin Lifshitz-van der Waals na waɗannan nonionic cellulose ethers (sai dai MO43) su ma sun fi na cellulose girma, wanda ke nuna cewa tsarin etherification na cellulose ma wani tsari ne na ƙara yawan sojojin Lifshitz-van der Waals. Kuma waɗannan haɓaka suna haifar da makamashi na saman ether cellulose ya fi girma fiye da na cellulose. Wannan al'amari yana da ban sha'awa sosai saboda ana amfani da waɗannan ethers na cellulose a cikin samar da surfactants. Amma bayanan suna da mahimmanci, ba wai kawai saboda bayanan game da ma'aunin ma'auni da aka gwada a cikin wannan gwaji ya yi daidai da ƙimar da aka ruwaito a cikin wallafe-wallafen ba, bayanan game da ma'auni na ma'auni ya dace da ƙimar da aka ruwaito a cikin wallafe-wallafen, don misali: duk waɗannan cellulose SAB na ethers ya fi na cellulose ƙanƙanta sosai, kuma wannan ya faru ne saboda manyan tushensu na Lewis. Ƙarƙashin jigon madaidaicin guda ɗaya da digiri na maye gurbin, sararin samaniya kyauta na hydroxypropyl cellulose yana daidai da nauyin kwayoyin halitta; yayin da makamashin kyauta na hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ya yi daidai da matakin maye gurbin kuma ya yi daidai da nauyin kwayoyin halitta.

Bugu da kari, saboda cellulose ethers suna da girma SLW fiye da cellulose, amma mun riga mun san cewa dispersibility ne mafi alhẽri daga cellulose, don haka za a iya preliminarially la'akari da cewa babban bangaren SLW kunshi nonionic cellulose ethers ya kamata a London karfi.

3. Kammalawa

Nazarin ya nuna cewa nau'in maye gurbin, digiri na maye gurbin da nauyin kwayoyin halitta yana da tasiri mai girma a kan makamashin sararin samaniya da abun da ke tattare da ether ba na ionic cellulose. Kuma da alama wannan tasirin yana da abubuwan yau da kullun masu zuwa:

(1) S+ na cellulose ether maras ionic ya fi S-.

(2) Ƙarfin sararin samaniya na nonionic cellulose ether yana mamaye ikon Lifshitz-van der Waals.

(3) Nauyin kwayoyin halitta da masu maye gurbin suna da tasiri a kan makamashin sararin samaniya na ethers marasa ionic cellulose, amma ya dogara ne akan nau'in maye gurbin.

(4) A ƙarƙashin madaidaicin madaidaicin guda ɗaya da digiri na maye gurbin, farfajiyar free makamashi na hydroxypropyl cellulose daidai yake da nauyin kwayoyin halitta; yayin da makamashin kyauta na hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ya yi daidai da matakin maye gurbin kuma ya yi daidai da nauyin kwayoyin halitta.

(5) Tsarin etherification na cellulose wani tsari ne wanda ƙarfin Lifshitz-van der Waals ya karu, kuma tsari ne wanda Lewis acidity ya ragu kuma Lewis alkalinity ya karu.