Halaye, shirye-shirye da aikace-aikacen ether cellulose a cikin masana'antu

An sake nazarin nau'ikan, hanyoyin shirye-shiryen, kaddarorin da halaye na ether cellulose, da kuma aikace-aikacen ether cellulose a cikin man fetur, gini, yin takarda, yadi, magani, abinci, kayan lantarki da masana'antar sinadarai na yau da kullun. An gabatar da wasu sabbin nau'ikan nau'ikan ether na cellulose tare da tsammanin ci gaba kuma an sami damar yin amfani da su.

Mabuɗin kalmomi:cellulose ether; Ayyuka; Aikace-aikace; Abubuwan da aka samo asali na Cellulose

Cellulose wani nau'i ne na fili na polymer na halitta. Tsarin sinadarai shine macromolecule polysaccharide tare da anhydrous β-glucose azaman zoben tushe, tare da rukunin hydroxyl na farko da ƙungiyoyin hydroxyl na biyu akan kowane zobe na tushe. Ta hanyar gyare-gyaren sinadarai, ana iya samun jerin abubuwan da aka samo asali na cellulose, ether cellulose yana daya daga cikinsu. Ana samun ether cellulose ta hanyar amsawar cellulose da NaOH, sa'an nan kuma etherize tare da monomers masu aiki daban-daban kamar methane chloride, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, da dai sauransu, ta hanyar wanke kayan gishiri da sodium cellulose. Cellulose ether ne mai muhimmanci wanda aka samu daga cellulose, za a iya amfani da ko'ina a magani da kuma kiwon lafiya, kullum sinadaran, takarda, abinci, magani, gini, kayan da sauran masana'antu. Sabili da haka, haɓakawa da amfani da ether na cellulose yana da ma'ana mai kyau ga cikakken amfani da albarkatun halittu masu sabuntawa, haɓaka sabbin kayan aiki da sabbin fasahohi.

1. Rarraba da shirye-shiryen ether cellulose

Rarraba ethers cellulose gabaɗaya an kasu kashi huɗu bisa ga kaddarorin su na ionic.

1.1 Nonionic cellulose ether

Non-ionic cellulose ether ne yafi cellulose alkyl ether, da shiri hanya ne ta cellulose da NaOH dauki, sa'an nan tare da iri-iri na monomers aiki kamar methane chloride, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide etherification dauki, sa'an nan ta hanyar wanke da samfurin. gishiri da sodium cellulose don samun. Babban methyl cellulose ether, methyl hydroxybutyl cellulose ether, methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ether, hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, cyanoethyl cellulose ether, hydroxybutyl cellulose ether. Aikace-aikacen sa yana da fadi sosai.

1.2 Anionic cellulose ether

Anionic cellulose ether ne yafi carboxymethyl cellulose sodium, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose sodium. Hanyar shiri shine ta hanyar amsawar cellulose da NaOH, sa'an nan kuma etherify tare da monochloroacetic acid ko ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, sa'an nan kuma wanke samfurin samfurin gishiri da sodium cellulose don samun.

1.3 cationic cellulose ether

Cationic cellulose ether ne yafi 3 - chlorine - 2 - hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride cellulose ether. Hanyar shiri shine ta hanyar amsawar cellulose da NaOH, sannan kuma wakili na cationic etherifying 3 - chlorine - 2 - hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride ko ethylene oxide, propylene oxide tare da amsawar etherifying, sa'an nan kuma ta hanyar wanke samfurin gishiri da sodium. cellulose don samun.

1.4

Zwitterionic cellulose ether yana da duka anionic kungiyoyin da cationic kungiyoyin a kan kwayoyin sarkar, da shiri Hanyar ne ta cellulose da NaOH dauki, sa'an nan tare da chloroacetic acid da cationic etherifying wakili 3 - chlorine - 2 hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride etherification dauki, sa'an nan kuma wanke. by-samfurin gishiri da sodium cellulose da samu.

2. kaddarorin da halaye na ether cellulose

2.1 Siffofin Bayyanar

Cellulose ether gabaɗaya fari ne ko fari fari, mara ɗanɗano, mara guba, tare da ruwa na foda mai fibrous, mai sauƙin ɗaukar danshi, narkar da shi cikin ruwa a cikin wani ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano mai ɗanko.

2.2 Samuwar fim da mannewa

Etherification na ether cellulose yana da babban tasiri a kan kaddarorinsa, irin su solubility, ikon yin fim, ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa da haƙurin gishiri. Cellulose ether yana da ƙarfin injiniya mai ƙarfi, sassauci, juriya na zafi da juriya na sanyi, kuma yana da dacewa mai kyau tare da nau'i-nau'i na resins da filastik, ana iya amfani da su don kera robobi, fina-finai, varnishes, adhesives, latex da kayan shafa na magunguna.

2.3 Solubility

Methyl cellulose mai narkewa a cikin ruwan sanyi, mai narkewa a cikin ruwan zafi, amma kuma mai narkewa a cikin wasu kaushi na kwayoyin halitta; Methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose mai narkewa a cikin ruwan sanyi, wanda ba zai iya narkewa a cikin ruwan zafi da kaushi na kwayoyin halitta. Amma lokacin da ruwan maganin methyl cellulose da methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ya yi zafi, methyl cellulose da methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose za su yi hazo. Methyl cellulose precipitated a 45 ~ 60 ℃, yayin da etherized etherized methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose precipitated a 65 ~ 80 ℃. Lokacin da zafin jiki ya faɗi, abubuwan da ke haifarwa suna sake narkewa.

Sodium hydroxyethyl cellulose da carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose suna narkewa a cikin ruwa a kowane zafin jiki, amma insoluble a cikin kwayoyin kaushi (tare da wasu 'yan ban).

2.4 Kauri

An narkar da ether cellulose a cikin ruwa a cikin nau'i na colloidal, kuma danko ya dogara da matakin polymerization na ether cellulose. Maganin ya ƙunshi macromolecules na hydration. Saboda rikitar da macromolecules, yanayin tafiyar da maganin ya bambanta da na ruwan Newtonian, amma yana nuna hali wanda ya bambanta da canjin ƙarfin karfi. Saboda tsarin macromolecular na cellulose ether, danko na bayani yana ƙaruwa da sauri tare da ƙara yawan hankali kuma yana raguwa da sauri tare da yawan zafin jiki.

2.5 Lalacewa

Ana amfani da ether cellulose a cikin ruwa mai ruwa. Muddin ruwa yana nan, ƙwayoyin cuta za su yi girma. Ci gaban kwayoyin cuta yana haifar da samar da kwayoyin enzyme. Bakteriyar enzyme ta sanya rukunin glucose wanda ba a maye gurbinsa ba wanda ke kusa da cellulose ether break kuma nauyin kwayoyin halitta na polymer ya ragu. Don haka, idan ana so a adana maganin ether mai ruwa na cellulose na dogon lokaci, ya kamata a ƙara masa wani abin adanawa ko da an yi amfani da ether na ƙwayoyin cuta.

3. aikace-aikacen ether cellulose a cikin masana'antu

3.1 Masana'antar Man Fetur

Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose ana amfani da shi musamman wajen amfani da man fetur. Ana amfani da shi wajen yin laka don ƙara danko da rage asarar ruwa. Zai iya tsayayya da gurɓataccen gishiri mai narkewa iri-iri da inganta ƙimar dawo da mai.

Sodium carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose da sodium carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ne irin mafi kyau hakowa laka magani wakili da kuma shiri na kammala ruwa kayan, high pulping kudi, gishiri juriya, alli juriya, mai kyau viscosification ikon, zazzabi juriya (160 ℃). Ya dace da shirye-shiryen ruwa mai daɗi, ruwan teku da cikakken ruwa mai hako ruwa, ƙarƙashin nauyin alli chloride za a iya haɗe shi cikin nau'ikan yawa (103 ~ 1279 / cm3) mai hako ruwa, kuma yana sanya shi yana da ɗanɗano da ƙarancin tacewa. iya aiki, danko da tacewa iya aiki ne mafi alhẽri daga hydroxyethyl cellulose, shi ne mai kyau samar Additives. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose ne yadu amfani a aiwatar da man fetur amfani da cellulose samu, a hakowa ruwa, siminti ruwa, fracturing ruwa da kuma inganta mai samar da ake amfani, musamman a cikin hakowa ruwa amfani ne ya fi girma, babban takeoff da saukowa tacewa da viscosification.

Ana amfani da hydroxyethyl cellulose a cikin aikin hakowa, kammalawa da siminti azaman mai ƙarfafa laka. Saboda hydroxyethyl cellulose da sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, guar danko idan aka kwatanta da mai kyau thickening sakamako, dakatar yashi, high gishiri abun ciki, mai kyau zafi juriya, da kuma kananan juriya, kasa ruwa asarar, karye roba block, low saura halaye, An yadu amfani.

3.2 Gine-gine da masana'antu

Gine-gine da plastering turmi admixture: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose za a iya amfani da matsayin retarding wakili, ruwa riƙewa wakili, thickener da kuma daure, za a iya amfani da matsayin gypsum kasa da ciminti kasa plaster, turmi da ƙasa leveling abu dispersant, ruwa riƙewa wakili, thickener. Yana da wani nau'i na musamman masonry da plastering turmi admixture for aerated kankare tubalan sanya daga carboxymethyl cellulose, wanda zai iya inganta workability, ruwa riƙewa da fasa juriya na turmi da kuma kauce wa fatattaka da m na block bango.

Gina kayan ado na kayan ado: Cao Mingqian da sauran methyl cellulose da aka yi da wani nau'i na kare muhalli gini kayan ado na kayan ado, tsarin samar da shi yana da sauƙi, mai tsabta, ana iya amfani dashi don bango mai girma, dutsen tile na dutse, kuma ana iya amfani dashi don shafi. , kwamfutar hannu saman ado. Huang Jianping Ya sanya daga carboxymethyl cellulose ne wani irin yumbu tayal sealant, wanda yana da karfi bonding karfi, mai kyau nakasawa ikon, ba ya samar da fasa da fado kashe, mai kyau hana ruwa sakamako, mai haske da m launi, tare da m ado sakamako.

Aikace-aikace a cikin sutura: Methyl cellulose da hydroxyethyl cellulose za a iya amfani da su azaman stabilizer, thickener da ruwa mai riƙewa don latex coatings, a Bugu da kari, kuma za a iya amfani da a matsayin dispersant, viscosifier da fim kafa wakili ga launin ciminti coatings. Ƙara ether cellulose tare da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun da suka dace da danko zuwa fenti na latex zai iya inganta aikin gine-gine na latex fenti, hana spatter, inganta kwanciyar hankali na ajiya da ikon rufewa. Babban filin mabukaci a ƙasashen waje shine suturar latex, sabili da haka, samfuran ether cellulose sukan zama zaɓi na farko na kauri na fenti. Misali, gyare-gyaren methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether zai iya kiyaye matsayi na jagora a cikin kauri na fenti na latex saboda kyawawan kaddarorin sa. Alal misali, saboda cellulose ether yana da musamman thermal gel halaye da solubility, gishiri juriya, zafi juriya, kuma yana da dace surface aiki, za a iya amfani da a matsayin ruwa riƙewa wakili, dakatar wakili, emulsifier, film kafa wakili, man shafawa, daure da rheological gyara. .

3.3 Masana'antar Takarda

Takarda rigar Additives: CMC za a iya amfani da a matsayin fiber dispersant da takarda enhancer, za a iya ƙara zuwa ɓangaren litattafan almara, saboda sodium carboxymethyl cellulose da ɓangaren litattafan almara da packing barbashi suna da wannan cajin, na iya ƙara ko'ina daga cikin fiber, inganta ƙarfi na takarda. A matsayin mai ƙarfafawa da aka ƙara a cikin takarda, yana ƙara haɗin gwiwar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin zaruruwa, kuma zai iya inganta ƙarfin ƙarfi, juriya na karya, daidaiton takarda da sauran alamun jiki. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da sodium carboxymethyl cellulose azaman wakili mai ƙima a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara. Baya ga nasa digirin girma, ana kuma iya amfani da shi azaman wakili na kariya na rosin, AKD da sauran wakilai masu girman girman. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da ether cationic cellulose ether azaman matattarar taimako na riƙe takarda, inganta ƙimar riƙewar fiber mai kyau da filler, kuma ana iya amfani dashi azaman ƙarfafa takarda.

Rufi m: Ana amfani da shafi sarrafa takarda shafi m, zai iya maye gurbin cuku, wani ɓangare na latex, sabõda haka, bugu tawada mai sauki shiga, share baki. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da shi azaman mai rarraba pigment, viscosifier da stabilizer.

Wakilin sizing surface: Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose za a iya amfani da a matsayin takarda surface sizing wakili, inganta surface ƙarfi na takarda, idan aka kwatanta da halin yanzu amfani da polyvinyl barasa, modified sitaci bayan surface ƙarfi za a iya ƙara da game da 10%, da sashi ne rage. da kusan 30%. Yana da ma'auni mai ban sha'awa don yin takarda, kuma jerin sababbin nau'in ya kamata a haɓaka da gaske. Cationic cellulose ether yana da mafi kyawun aikin sitaci fiye da sitaci na cationic, ba wai kawai zai iya inganta ƙarfin takarda ba, amma kuma zai iya inganta tasirin tawada na takarda, ƙara tasirin rini, kuma wakili ne mai ban sha'awa.

3.4 Masana'antar Yadi

A cikin masana'antar yadi, ana iya amfani da ether cellulose azaman wakili mai ƙima, mai daidaitawa da wakili mai kauri don ɓangaren litattafan almara.

Sizing wakili: cellulose ether irin su sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl cellulose ether, hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl cellulose ether da sauran iri za a iya amfani da matsayin sizing wakili, kuma ba sauki deteriorate da mold, bugu da rini, ba tare da desizing, inganta rini iya samun uniform. colloid a cikin ruwa.

Wakilin Leveling: zai iya haɓaka ƙarfin hydrophilic da osmotic na launi, saboda canjin danko yana da ƙananan, sauƙi don daidaita bambancin launi; Cationic cellulose ether shima yana da tasirin rini da canza launi.

Thickening wakili: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl cellulose ether, hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl cellulose ether za a iya amfani da a matsayin bugu da rini slurry thickening wakili, tare da kananan saura, high launi kudi halaye, ne a aji na sosai m yadi Additives.

3.5 Masana'antar sinadarai ta gida

Barga viscosifier: sodium methylcellulose a m foda albarkatun kasa manna kayayyakin taka a watsawa dakatar da kwanciyar hankali, a cikin ruwa ko emulsion kayan shafawa thickening, dispersing, homogenizing da sauran matsayin. Ana iya amfani dashi azaman stabilizer da viscosifier.

Emulsifying stabilizer: yi man shafawa, shamfu emulsifier, thickening wakili da stabilizer. Sodium carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose za a iya amfani da a matsayin man goge baki m stabilizer, tare da kyau thixotropic Properties, sabõda haka, da man goge baki yana da kyau formability, dogon lokaci nakasawa, uniform da m dandano. Sodium carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose gishiri juriya, acid juriya ne m, da sakamako ne nisa fiye da carboxymethyl cellulose, za a iya amfani da matsayin wanka a cikin viscosifier, datti abin da aka makala rigakafin wakili.

Dispersion thickener: A cikin abin da ake samarwa, yawan amfani da sodium carboxymethyl cellulose a matsayin abin wanke wanke datti mai tarwatsewa, ruwan wankan ruwa mai kauri da watsawa.

3.6 Masana'antar harhada magunguna da abinci

A cikin Pharmaceutical masana'antu, hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl cellulose za a iya amfani da matsayin miyagun ƙwayoyi excipients, yadu amfani a cikin baka miyagun ƙwayoyi kwarangwal sarrafawa saki da kuma ci gaba da shirye-shiryen saki, kamar yadda wani saki tarewa abu don tsara da saki da kwayoyi, kamar yadda shafi abu ci saki wakili, ci saki pellets. , dorewar sakin capsules. Mafi yawan amfani da shi shine methyl carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl carboxymethyl cellulose, irin su MC ana yawan amfani da su wajen kera allunan da capsules, ko allunan da aka rufe da sukari.

Ana iya amfani da ingancin ingancin ether cellulose a cikin masana'antar abinci, a cikin nau'ikan abinci iri-iri ne mai tasiri mai ɗaukar nauyi, emulsifier, stabilizer, excipient, wakili mai riƙe ruwa da wakili mai kumfa. Methyl cellulose da hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose an gane su a matsayin marasa lahani na rayuwa inert abubuwa. Babban tsarki (99.5% ko fiye da tsarki) carboxymethyl cellulose za a iya ƙara zuwa abinci, kamar madara da cream kayayyakin, condiments, jams, jelly, gwangwani, tebur syrups da abin sha. Ana iya amfani da tsarki fiye da 90% carboxymethyl cellulose a cikin abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da abinci, kamar amfani da sufuri da ajiya na 'ya'yan itace sabo, filastik filastik yana da tasirin adanawa mai kyau, ƙarancin gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen iska, ba lalacewa, sauƙin samar da kayan aikin injin.

3.7 Kayan aikin gani da lantarki

Electrolyte thickening stabilizer: saboda high tsarki na cellulose ether, mai kyau acid juriya, gishiri juriya, musamman baƙin ƙarfe da nauyi karfe abun ciki ne low, don haka colloid ne sosai barga, dace da alkaline baturi, zinc manganese baturi electrolyte thickening stabilizer.

Liquid crystal kayan: Tun 1976, farkon gano hydroxypropyl cellulose - ruwa tsarin ruwa crystal tambaya lokaci, da aka samu a dace Organic bayani, da yawa cellulose samu a cikin babban taro iya samar da anisotropic bayani, misali, hydroxypropyl cellulose da acetate, propionate. , benzoate, phthalate, acetyxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, da dai sauransu Bugu da kari ga forming colloidal ionic ruwa crystal bayani, wasu esters na hydroxypropyl cellulose kuma nuna wannan dukiya.

Yawancin ethers cellulose suna nuna kaddarorin kristal ruwa mai zafi. Acetyl hydroxypropyl cellulose kafa thermogenic cholesteric ruwa crystal kasa 164 ℃. Acetoacetate hydroxypropyl cellulose, trifluoroacetate hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose da abubuwan da aka gyara, ethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose, trimethylsiliccellulose da butyldimethylsiliccellulose, heptyl cellulose da butoxylethyl cellulose, acetyl cellulose da butoxylethyl cellulose, hydroxytermous cellulose da dai sauransu Wasu esters cellulose kamar cellulose benzoate, p-methoxybenzoate da p-methylbenzoate, cellulose heptanate iya samar da thermogenic cholesteric ruwa lu'ulu'u.

Kayan rufin lantarki: cyanoethyl cellulose etherifying wakili don acrylonitrile, babban dielectric akai-akai, ƙarancin asara, ana iya amfani da shi azaman phosphorus da fitilun fitilu na resin matrix da rufin wuta.

4. Bayanin Rufewa

Yin amfani da gyare-gyaren sinadarai don samun abubuwan da suka samo asali na cellulose tare da ayyuka na musamman hanya ce mai tasiri don nemo sababbin amfani ga cellulose, mafi girman kwayoyin halitta a duniya. A matsayin daya daga cikin abubuwan da aka samo asali na cellulose, ether cellulose irin su physiological mara lahani, kayan polymer mai narkewa mara gurɓataccen ruwa saboda kyawawan kaddarorinsa, an yi amfani da shi a masana'antu da yawa, kuma za su sami fa'ida ga ci gaba.