Cellulose Ether a cikin Masana'antar Takarda

Wannan takarda ta gabatar da nau'o'i, hanyoyin shirye-shirye, halayen aiki da matsayi na aikace-aikacen ethers na cellulose a cikin masana'antun takarda, yana gabatar da wasu sababbin nau'o'in ethers na cellulose tare da ci gaba da ci gaba, kuma yayi magana game da aikace-aikacen su da ci gaba a cikin takarda.

Mabuɗin kalmomi:ether cellulose; aiki; masana'antar takarda

Cellulose wani fili ne na halitta polymer, tsarin sinadarai shine macromolecule polysaccharide tare da anhydrous.β-glucose azaman zobe na tushe, kuma kowane zobe na tushe yana da rukunin hydroxyl na farko da ƙungiyar hydroxyl na biyu. Ta hanyar gyare-gyaren sinadarai, ana iya samun jerin abubuwan da aka samo asali na cellulose. Hanyar shiri na ether cellulose ita ce amsa cellulose tare da NaOH, sannan aiwatar da amsawar etherification tare da wasu abubuwan da ke aiki kamar methyl chloride, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, da dai sauransu, sannan a wanke gishirin samfurin da wasu sodium cellulose don samun. samfurin. Cellulose ether yana daya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da aka samo asali na cellulose, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi sosai a cikin magani da tsabta, masana'antun sinadarai na yau da kullum, yin takarda, abinci, magani, gine-gine, kayan aiki da sauran masana'antu. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kasashen waje sun ba da muhimmanci ga bincikensa, kuma an samu nasarori da yawa a cikin bincike na asali, amfani da tasiri mai amfani, da kuma shirye-shirye. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wasu mutane a kasar Sin sun fara tsunduma cikin binciken wannan fanni sannu a hankali, kuma da farko sun samu wasu sakamako a fannin samar da kayayyaki. Sabili da haka, haɓakawa da amfani da ether na cellulose yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin cikakkiyar amfani da albarkatun halittu masu sabuntawa da inganta ingancin takarda da aiki. Wani sabon nau'in ƙari ne na yin takarda wanda ya cancanci haɓakawa.

1. Rarraba da hanyoyin shirye-shirye na ethers cellulose

Rarraba ethers cellulose gabaɗaya an kasu kashi 4 bisa ga ionicity.

1.1 Nonionic Cellulose Ether

Non-ionic cellulose ether ne yafi cellulose alkyl ether, da kuma shirye-shiryen da hanyar shi ne amsa cellulose tare da NaOH, sa'an nan gudanar da wani etherification dauki tare da daban-daban monomers aiki kamar monochloromethane, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, da dai sauransu, sa'an nan samu ta hanyar wanka. da gishiri da kuma cellulose sodium, yafi ciki har da methyl cellulose ether, methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ether, hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, cyanoethyl Cellulose ether da hydroxybutyl cellulose ether suna yadu amfani.

1.2 Anionic cellulose ether

Anionic cellulose ethers ne yafi sodium carboxymethyl cellulose da sodium carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose. Hanyar shiri ita ce amsa cellulose tare da NaOH sannan kuma aiwatar da ether tare da chloroacetic acid, ethylene oxide da propylene oxide. Chemical dauki, sa'an nan samu ta hanyar wanke ta-samfurin gishiri da sodium cellulose.

1.3 Cationic Cellulose Ether

Maganar magana cellulose ethers yafi hada da 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride cellulose ether, wanda aka shirya ta reacting cellulose da NaOH sa'an nan amsa tare da cationic etherifying wakili 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl Trimethyl ammonium chloride ko etherification dauki tare da ethylene oxide da propylene oxide. sa'an nan kuma samu ta hanyar wanke ta-samfurin gishiri da sodium cellulose.

1.4 Zwitterionic Cellulose Ether

Sarkar kwayoyin halitta na zwitterionic cellulose ether yana da ƙungiyoyin anionic da ƙungiyoyin cationic. Hanyar shirye-shiryensa shine amsawa da cellulose tare da NaOH sannan kuma amsa tare da monochloroacetic acid da cationic etherification wakili 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl Trimethylammonium chloride an etherified, sa'an nan kuma samu ta hanyar wanke-samfurin gishiri da sodium cellulose.

2. Ayyuka da halaye na ether cellulose

2.1 Samuwar fim da mannewa

Etherification na ether cellulose yana da babban tasiri a kan halaye da kaddarorinsa, irin su solubility, ikon yin fim, ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa da juriya na gishiri. Cellulose ether yana da babban ƙarfin inji, sassauci, juriya na zafi da juriya na sanyi, kuma yana da dacewa mai kyau tare da resins daban-daban da masu amfani da filastik, kuma ana iya amfani dashi don yin robobi, fina-finai, varnishes, adhesives, latex Kuma kayan shafa na miyagun ƙwayoyi, da dai sauransu.

2.2 Solubility

Cellulose ether yana da kyau ruwa solubility saboda kasancewar polyhydroxyl kungiyoyin, kuma yana da daban-daban sauran ƙarfi selectivity ga Organic kaushi bisa daban-daban substituents. Methylcellulose yana narkewa a cikin ruwan sanyi, ba zai iya narkewa a cikin ruwan zafi, kuma yana narkewa cikin wasu kaushi; methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose yana narkewa a cikin ruwan sanyi, wanda ba zai iya narkewa a cikin ruwan zafi da kaushi na kwayoyin halitta. Koyaya, lokacin da maganin methylcellulose da methylhydroxyethylcellulose mai ruwa ya yi zafi, methylcellulose da methylhydroxyethylcellulose za su yi hazo. Methyl cellulose yana haɓaka a 45-60°C, yayin da yanayin hazo na gauraye etherified methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ya karu zuwa 65-80.°C. Lokacin da aka saukar da zafin jiki, hazo ya sake narkewa. Hydroxyethylcellulose da sodium carboxymethylcellulose suna narkewa a cikin ruwa a kowane zafin jiki kuma ba za a iya narkewa a cikin kaushi na halitta (tare da ƴan kaɗan). Yin amfani da wannan kadarorin, ana iya shirya nau'ikan masu hana mai da kayan fim mai narkewa.

2.3 Kauri

Cellulose ether yana narkar da ruwa a cikin nau'i na colloid, danko ya dogara da matakin polymerization na ether cellulose, kuma maganin ya ƙunshi macromolecules hydrated. Saboda haɗakar macromolecules, yanayin kwararar hanyoyin mafita ya bambanta da na ruwan Newton, amma yana nuna halin da ke canzawa tare da ƙarfi. Saboda tsarin macromolecular na cellulose ether, danko na bayani yana ƙaruwa da sauri tare da karuwa da hankali kuma yana raguwa da sauri tare da karuwar zafin jiki. Dangane da halayensa, ana iya amfani da ethers cellulose irin su carboxymethyl cellulose da hydroxyethyl cellulose azaman masu kauri don sinadarai na yau da kullun, abubuwan da ke riƙe da ruwa don suturar takarda, da kauri don ƙirar gine-gine.

2.4 Lalacewa

Lokacin da aka narkar da ether cellulose a cikin ruwa lokaci, ƙwayoyin cuta za su yi girma, kuma ci gaban kwayoyin zai haifar da samar da kwayoyin enzyme. Enzyme yana karya haɗin haɗin anhydroglucose wanda bai maye gurbinsa ba kusa da ether cellulose, yana rage girman nauyin kwayoyin halitta na polymer. Sabili da haka, idan za a adana maganin ruwa na cellulose ether na dogon lokaci, dole ne a ƙara abubuwan da aka adana a ciki, kuma ya kamata a dauki wasu matakan maganin antiseptik har ma da ethers cellulose tare da kwayoyin cutar antibacterial.

3. Aikace-aikacen ether cellulose a cikin masana'antar takarda

3.1 Wakilin ƙarfafa takarda

Alal misali, ana iya amfani da CMC a matsayin mai rarraba fiber da wakili mai ƙarfafa takarda, wanda za'a iya ƙarawa zuwa ɓangaren litattafan almara. Tunda sodium carboxymethyl cellulose yana da caji iri ɗaya kamar ɓangaren litattafan almara da ɓangarorin filler, yana iya ƙara daidaiton fiber. Za'a iya inganta tasirin haɗin kai tsakanin zaruruwa, kuma ana iya inganta alamun jiki kamar ƙarfin juzu'i, ƙarfin fashe, da daidaiton takarda na takarda. Alal misali, Longzhu da sauransu suna amfani da 100% bleached sulfite ɓangaren litattafan almara, 20% talcum foda, 1% tarwatsa rosin manne, daidaita pH darajar zuwa 4.5 tare da aluminum sulfate, da kuma amfani da mafi girma danko CMC (danko 800 ~ 1200MPA.S) The digiri. canjin canji na 0.6. Ana iya ganin cewa CMC na iya inganta bushewar ƙarfi na takarda da kuma inganta darajar girmanta.

3.2 Wakilin girman saman saman

Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose za a iya amfani da a matsayin takarda surface sizing wakili don inganta surface ƙarfi na takarda. Tasirin aikace-aikacensa na iya ƙara ƙarfin saman da kusan 10% idan aka kwatanta da amfani da barasa na polyvinyl a halin yanzu da wakilin sitaci da aka gyara, kuma ana iya rage adadin da kusan 30%. Yana da matukar alƙawarin ma'auni na girman farfajiya don yin takarda, kuma wannan jerin sabbin nau'ikan ya kamata a haɓaka sosai. Cationic cellulose ether yana da mafi kyawun aikin girman saman sama fiye da sitaci cationic. Ba zai iya inganta ƙarfin takarda kawai ba, amma kuma inganta aikin ɗaukar tawada na takarda da ƙara tasirin rini. Hakanan wakili ne mai ban sha'awa. Mo Lihuan da sauransu sun yi amfani da sodium carboxymethyl cellulose da sitaci mai oxidized don gudanar da gwaje-gwajen girman saman kan takarda da kwali. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa CMC yana da kyakkyawan sakamako na girman saman.

Methyl carboxymethyl cellulose sodium yana da takamaiman aiki mai girma, kuma ana iya amfani da carboxymethyl cellulose sodium azaman wakili mai ƙima. Baya ga girman girmansa, cationic cellulose ether kuma za'a iya amfani da shi azaman taimakon riƙewar takarda Tace, inganta ƙimar riƙe kyawawan zaruruwa da filaye, kuma ana iya amfani dashi azaman wakili mai ƙarfafa takarda.

3.3 Emulsion stabilizer

Cellulose ether ne yadu amfani da emulsion shiri saboda da kyau thickening sakamako a cikin ruwa bayani, wanda zai iya ƙara danko na emulsion watsawa matsakaici da kuma hana emulsion hazo da stratification. Irin su sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, hydroxypropyl cellulose ether, da dai sauransu za a iya amfani da matsayin stabilizers da m jamiái don anionic tarwatsa rosin danko, cationic cellulose ether, hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, hydroxypropyl cellulose ether, da dai sauransu Base cellulose ether, methyl cellulose ether. ether, da sauransu kuma za a iya amfani da su azaman masu kariya don cationic tarwatsa rosin danko, AKD, ASA da sauran wakilan girman girman. Longzhu et al. amfani da 100% bleached sulfite ɓangaren litattafan almara, 20% talcum foda, 1% tarwatsa rosin manne, daidaita pH darajar zuwa 4.5 tare da aluminum sulfate, da kuma amfani da mafi girma danko CMC (danko 800 ~ 12000MPA.S). Matsayin maye gurbin shine 0.6, kuma ana amfani dashi don girman ciki. Ana iya gani daga sakamakon cewa girman girman rosin rubber dauke da CMC yana da kyau a fili, kuma kwanciyar hankali na rosin emulsion yana da kyau, kuma yawan riƙewar kayan roba ma yana da yawa.

3.4 Rufe ruwa wakili

Ana amfani da shafi da sarrafa takarda shafi mai ɗaure, cyanoethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, da dai sauransu na iya maye gurbin casein da wani ɓangare na latex, don haka bugu na iya shiga cikin sauƙi kuma gefuna suna bayyana. Carboxymethyl cellulose da hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl cellulose ether za a iya amfani da a matsayin pigment dispersant, thickener, ruwa mai riƙe da wakili da stabilizer. Alal misali, adadin carboxymethyl cellulose da aka yi amfani da shi azaman mai riƙe da ruwa a cikin shirye-shiryen takarda mai rufi shine 1-2%.

4. Ci gaba Trend na Cellulose Ether Amfani da Takarda Masana'antu

Yin amfani da gyare-gyaren sinadarai don samun abubuwan da suka samo asali na cellulose tare da ayyuka na musamman hanya ce mai tasiri don neman sababbin amfani da mafi yawan amfanin ƙasa na kwayoyin halitta-cellulose. Akwai nau'o'in nau'in cellulose da yawa da ayyuka masu fadi, kuma an yi amfani da ethers na cellulose a yawancin masana'antu saboda kyakkyawan aikin su. Don biyan bukatun masana'antar takarda, haɓakar ether cellulose ya kamata ya kula da abubuwan da ke gaba:

(1) Haɓaka samfurori daban-daban na ethers cellulose da suka dace da aikace-aikacen masana'antu na takarda, irin su samfurori na samfurori tare da digiri daban-daban na maye gurbin, daban-daban danko, da nau'o'in kwayoyin halitta daban-daban, don zaɓi a cikin samar da nau'in takarda daban-daban.

(2) Ya kamata a ƙara haɓaka haɓakar sabbin nau'ikan ethers na cellulose, irin su cationic cellulose ethers masu dacewa da riƙewar takarda da magudanar ruwa, ma'aunin sikelin saman, da zwitterionic cellulose ethers waɗanda za a iya amfani da su azaman masu ƙarfafawa don maye gurbin latex Cyanoethyl cellulose ether. da makamantansu a matsayin daure.

(3) Ƙarfafa bincike kan tsarin shirye-shiryen cellulose ether da sabon hanyar shirye-shiryensa, musamman ma bincike kan rage farashin da kuma sauƙaƙe tsarin.

(4) Ƙarfafa bincike game da kaddarorin ethers na cellulose, musamman ma abubuwan samar da fina-finai, kayan haɗin gwiwa da kauri na ethers daban-daban na cellulose, da ƙarfafa bincike na ka'idar akan aikace-aikacen ethers na cellulose a cikin takarda.