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Cellulose ether a cikin samfuran tushen ciminti

Cellulose ether a cikin samfuran tushen ciminti

Cellulose ether wani nau'i ne na ƙari mai yawa wanda za'a iya amfani dashi a cikin kayan siminti. Wannan takarda ta gabatar da kaddarorin sinadarai na methyl cellulose (MC) da hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC /) da aka saba amfani da su a cikin samfuran siminti, hanya da ka'idar maganin net da kuma mahimman halaye na maganin. An tattauna rage yawan zafin jiki na thermal gel da danko a cikin samfuran siminti bisa ga ƙwarewar samarwa.

Mabuɗin kalmomi:ether cellulose; Methyl cellulose;Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose; zafi gel zafi; danko

 

1. Bayani

Cellulose ether (CE a takaice) an yi shi da cellulose ta hanyar etherification dauki daya ko da yawa etherifying jamiái da bushe nika. Casha za a iya kasu zuwa nau'ikan ionic da na ionic, a tsakanin wacce ba ta daɗaɗɗun Ionic da Serubity, ƙarfin tsayayya, tsayayya da zafi, kuma yana da aiki mai kyau. Ana iya amfani da shi azaman wakili mai riƙe ruwa, wakili na dakatarwa, emulsifier, wakili mai ƙirƙirar fim, mai mai, mannewa da haɓakar rheological. Babban wuraren da ake amfani da su a ƙasashen waje sune latex, kayan gini, hako mai da sauransu. Idan aka kwatanta da ƙasashen waje, samarwa da aikace-aikacen CE mai narkewar ruwa har yanzu yana kan ƙuruciya. Tare da inganta lafiyar mutane da wayar da kan muhalli. CE mai narkewar ruwa, wanda ba shi da lahani ga ilimin lissafi kuma baya gurɓata muhalli, zai sami babban ci gaba.

A fagen kayan gini yawanci ana zaɓar CE shine methyl cellulose (MC) da hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), ana iya amfani da su azaman fenti, plaster, turmi da samfuran siminti, filastik, viscosifier, wakili mai riƙe ruwa, wakili mai haɗa iska da wakili na retarding. Yawancin masana'antar kayan gini ana amfani da su a yanayin zafi na al'ada, ta amfani da yanayin busassun cakuda foda da ruwa, ƙasa da haɗawa da halayen rushewa da halayen gel mai zafi na CE, amma a cikin samfuran siminti na mechanized da sauran yanayin zafin jiki na musamman, waɗannan halayen. CE zai taka rawar gani sosai.

 

2. Chemical Properties na CE

Ana samun CE ta hanyar maganin cellulose ta hanyar sinadarai da hanyoyin jiki. Bisa ga daban-daban sinadaran maye tsarin, yawanci za a iya raba zuwa: MC, HPMC, hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), da dai sauransu : Kowane CE yana da asali tsarin cellulose - dehydrated glucose. A cikin aiwatar da samar da CE, ana fara zafi da zaruruwan cellulose a cikin maganin alkaline sannan a bi da su tare da abubuwan da ke hana ruwa gudu. Ana tsarkake samfuran amsawar fibrous kuma ana niƙa su don samar da foda iri ɗaya na wani ɗanɗano.

Tsarin samarwa na MC yana amfani da methane chloride kawai azaman wakili na etherifying. Baya ga amfani da methane chloride, samar da HPMC kuma yana amfani da propylene oxide don samun ƙungiyoyi masu maye gurbin hydroxypropyl. Daban-daban CE suna da ƙimar maye gurbin methyl da hydroxypropyl daban-daban, wanda ke shafar daidaituwar kwayoyin halitta da zafin jiki na thermal gel na maganin CE.

Ana iya bayyana adadin ƙungiyoyin maye gurbi akan raka'o'in tsarin tsarin glucose da ba su da ruwa na cellulose ta yawan adadin taro ko matsakaicin adadin ƙungiyoyin maye (watau DS - Degree of Substitution). Adadin rukunonin maye suna ƙayyade kaddarorin samfuran CE. Tasirin matsakaicin digiri na canji akan solubility na samfuran etherification shine kamar haka:

(1) ƙarancin maye gurbin digiri mai narkewa a cikin lye;

(2) dan kadan babban mataki na maye gurbin mai narkewa a cikin ruwa;

(3) babban mataki na musanya narkar da a polar Organic kaushi;

(4) Matsayi mafi girma na musanya narkar da su a cikin abubuwan kaushi da ba na iyakacin duniya ba.

 

3. Hanyar rushewar CE

CE tana da sinadari mai narkewa na musamman, lokacin da zafin jiki ya tashi zuwa wani yanayi, ba ya narkewa a cikin ruwa, amma ƙasa da wannan yanayin, narkewar sa zai ƙaru tare da raguwar zafin jiki. CE yana narkewa a cikin ruwan sanyi (kuma a wasu lokuta a cikin ƙayyadaddun abubuwan kaushi na kwayoyin halitta) ta hanyar kumburi da hydration. Maganin CE ba su da takamaiman iyakoki na iya narkewa waɗanda ke bayyana a cikin narkar da gishirin ionic. Haɗin kai na CE gabaɗaya yana iyakance ga danko wanda kayan aikin samarwa za su iya sarrafa shi, kuma ya bambanta gwargwadon ɗanko da nau'in sinadarai da mai amfani ke buƙata. Matsakaicin bayani na ƙarancin danko CE gabaɗaya 10% ~ 15%, kuma babban danko CE gabaɗaya yana iyakance zuwa 2% ~ 3%. Nau'o'in CE daban-daban (kamar foda ko saman da aka yi wa foda ko granular) na iya shafar yadda aka shirya maganin.

3.1 CE ba tare da jiyya ba

Ko da yake CE tana narkewa a cikin ruwan sanyi, dole ne a tarwatsa shi gaba ɗaya cikin ruwa don gujewa taguwa. A wasu lokuta, ana iya amfani da mahaɗa mai ƙarfi ko mazurari a cikin ruwan sanyi don tarwatsa foda CE. Koyaya, idan an ƙara foda ɗin da ba a kula da shi kai tsaye zuwa ruwan sanyi ba tare da isassun motsawa ba, ƙullun za su yi yawa. Babban dalilin yin caking shine cewa abubuwan foda na CE ba su da cikakken jika. Lokacin da kawai wani ɓangare na foda ya narkar da, za a samar da fim din gel, wanda ya hana sauran foda daga ci gaba da narkewa. Don haka, kafin rushewar, abubuwan CE yakamata a tarwatsa su sosai gwargwadon iko. Ana amfani da hanyoyin watsawa guda biyu masu zuwa.

3.1.1 Hanyar watsawa mai bushewa

An fi amfani da wannan hanya a cikin kayayyakin siminti. Kafin a zuba ruwa, sai a haxa sauran foda da garin CE daidai gwargwado, ta yadda za a tarwatsa fodar CE. Mafi ƙarancin hadawa rabo: Sauran foda: CE foda = (3 ~ 7): 1.

Ta wannan hanyar, ana kammala rarraba CE a cikin bushewa, ta yin amfani da sauran foda a matsayin matsakaici don tarwatsa ƙwayoyin CE tare da juna, don guje wa haɗin kai na ƙwayoyin CE yayin ƙara ruwa da kuma yin tasiri mai zurfi. Sabili da haka, ba a buƙatar ruwan zafi don tarwatsawa, amma yawan rushewar ya dogara da ƙwayoyin foda da yanayin motsawa.

3.1.2 Hanyar watsa ruwan zafi

(1) 1/5 ~ 1/3 na farko na dumama ruwan da ake buƙata zuwa 90C a sama, ƙara CE, sa'an nan kuma motsawa har sai dukkanin barbashi sun tarwatsa, sa'an nan kuma sauran ruwa a cikin ruwan sanyi ko kankara don rage yawan zafin jiki. Magani, da zarar ya isa zafin narkar da CE, foda ya fara yin ruwa, danko ya karu.

(2) Hakanan zaka iya dumama ruwan duka, sannan a ƙara CE don motsawa yayin sanyaya har sai ruwa ya cika. Isasshen sanyaya yana da matukar mahimmanci don cikakken hydration na CE da samuwar danko. Don manufa danko, MC bayani ya kamata a sanyaya zuwa 0 ~ 5 ℃, yayin da HPMC kawai bukatar da za a sanyaya zuwa 20 ~ 25 ℃ ko kasa. Tun da cikakken hydration yana buƙatar isasshen sanyaya, ana amfani da mafita na HPMC inda ba za a iya amfani da ruwan sanyi ba: bisa ga bayanin, HPMC yana da ƙarancin rage zafin jiki fiye da MC a ƙananan yanayin zafi don cimma ɗanko iri ɗaya. Yana da kyau a lura cewa hanyar watsa ruwan zafi kawai ke sanya ɓangarorin CE su tarwatse a cikin mafi girman zafin jiki, amma ba a samar da mafita a wannan lokacin. Don samun bayani tare da wani ɗanko, dole ne a sake sanyaya shi.

3.2 Fushin CE mai tarwatsewa

A yawancin lokuta, ana buƙatar CE don samun nau'ikan rarrabuwa da saurin ruwa (ƙirƙirar danko) a cikin ruwan sanyi. Cewar da aka yi wa saman da aka yi da shi na ɗan lokaci ba zai iya narkewa a cikin ruwan sanyi bayan magani na musamman na sinadarai, wanda ke tabbatar da cewa lokacin da aka ƙara CE a cikin ruwa, ba za ta iya fitowa nan da nan da ɗanko ba kuma ana iya tarwatsewa a ƙarƙashin ƙaramin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. "Lokacin jinkiri" na samar da ruwa ko danko shine sakamakon haɗuwa da matakin jiyya na sama, zafin jiki, pH na tsarin, da kuma ƙaddamar da maganin CE. An rage jinkirin hydration gabaɗaya a mafi girma da yawa, yanayin zafi, da matakan pH. Gabaɗaya, duk da haka, ba a la'akari da ƙaddamarwar CE har sai ya kai 5% (yawan rabon ruwa).

Don sakamako mafi kyau da cikakken hydration, saman da aka yi wa CE ya kamata a motsa shi na 'yan mintoci kaɗan a ƙarƙashin yanayin tsaka tsaki, tare da kewayon pH daga 8.5 zuwa 9.0, har sai an kai matsakaicin danko (yawanci mintuna 10-30). Da zarar pH ya canza zuwa asali (pH 8.5 zuwa 9.0), saman da aka bi da CE ya narke gaba ɗaya da sauri, kuma maganin zai iya zama tsayayye a pH 3 zuwa 11. Duk da haka, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa daidaita pH na babban taro slurry. zai sa danko ya yi yawa don yin famfo da zubowa. Ya kamata a gyara pH bayan an shafe slurry zuwa taro da ake so.

Don taƙaitawa, tsarin rushewar CE ya ƙunshi matakai guda biyu: tarwatsa jiki da rushewar sinadarai. Makullin shine a tarwatsa ɓangarorin CE tare da juna kafin rushewa, don guje wa tashin hankali saboda babban danko yayin rushewar ƙananan zafin jiki, wanda zai shafi ƙarin rushewa.

 

4. Properties na CE bayani

Nau'o'in mafita na ruwa na CE daban-daban za su yi laushi a takamaiman yanayinsu. Gel yana jujjuyawa gaba ɗaya kuma yana samar da mafita lokacin da aka sake sanyaya. Thermal gelation mai jujjuyawa na CE na musamman ne. A cikin samfuran siminti da yawa, babban amfani da danko na CE da daidaitaccen riƙewar ruwa da kaddarorin lubrication, da danko da zafin jiki na gel yana da alaƙa kai tsaye, ƙarƙashin zafin gel ɗin, ƙananan zafin jiki, mafi girman danko na CE, mafi kyawun aikin riƙe ruwa daidai.

Bayanin halin yanzu game da abin da ke faruwa na gel shine wannan: a cikin tsarin rushewa, wannan yana kama da haka

Kwayoyin polymer na zaren suna haɗuwa tare da Layer kwayoyin ruwa, yana haifar da kumburi. Kwayoyin ruwa suna aiki kamar mai mai mai, wanda zai iya raba dogayen sarƙoƙi na ƙwayoyin polymer, ta yadda maganin ya sami halayen ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano mai sauƙin zubarwa. Lokacin da yawan zafin jiki na maganin ya karu, polymer cellulose a hankali ya rasa ruwa kuma dankon maganin yana raguwa. Lokacin da ma'anar gel ta kai, polymer ya zama cikakke, wanda ya haifar da haɗin kai tsakanin polymers da samuwar gel: ƙarfin gel yana ci gaba da karuwa yayin da zafin jiki ya kasance a sama da ma'anar gel.

Yayin da maganin ya yi sanyi, gel ya fara juyawa kuma danko yana raguwa. A ƙarshe, danko na bayani mai sanyaya yana komawa zuwa yanayin hawan zafin jiki na farko kuma yana ƙaruwa tare da rage yawan zafin jiki. Maganin za a iya sanyaya shi zuwa ƙimar ɗanƙo na farko. Saboda haka, tsarin thermal gel na CE yana iya juyawa.

Babban aikin CE a cikin samfuran siminti shine a matsayin viscosifier, filastik da wakili mai riƙe ruwa, don haka yadda ake sarrafa danko da zafin gel ɗin gel ya zama muhimmin mahimmanci a samfuran siminti yawanci yana amfani da madaidaicin zafin gel ɗin sa na farko a ƙasa da wani sashe na kwana. don haka ƙananan zafin jiki, mafi girma da danko, mafi mahimmancin tasirin tasirin ruwa na viscosifier. Sakamakon gwajin layin samar da hukumar siminti kuma ya nuna cewa ƙananan zafin jiki na kayan yana ƙarƙashin abun ciki iri ɗaya na CE, mafi kyawun tasirin viscosification da riƙewar ruwa shine. Kamar yadda tsarin siminti tsari ne mai rikitarwa na zahiri da sinadarai, akwai abubuwa da yawa da ke shafar canjin gel na CE gel da danko. Kuma tasirin yanayin Taianin daban-daban da digiri ba iri ɗaya ba ne, don haka aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen kuma ya gano cewa bayan haɗa tsarin siminti, ainihin ma'aunin zafin jiki na gel na CE (wato, raguwar tasirin manne da riƙewar ruwa a bayyane yake a wannan zafin jiki). ) sun yi ƙasa da zafin gel ɗin da samfurin ya nuna, don haka, a cikin zaɓin samfuran CE don la'akari da abubuwan da ke haifar da raguwar zafin gel. Wadannan sune manyan abubuwan da muka yi imani suna shafar danko da zafin gel na maganin CE a cikin samfuran siminti.

4.1 Tasirin ƙimar pH akan danko

MC da HPMC ba su da ionic, don haka danko na bayani fiye da danko na ionic manne na halitta yana da fadi da kewayon kwanciyar hankali na DH, amma idan darajar pH ta wuce kewayon 3 ~ 11, sannu a hankali za su rage danko a wani wuri. mafi girma zafin jiki ko a cikin ajiya na dogon lokaci, musamman high danko bayani. Dankowar samfurin CE yana raguwa a cikin ƙaƙƙarfan acid ko ƙaƙƙarfan maganin tushe, wanda galibi saboda rashin ruwa na CE da tushe da acid ke haifarwa. Sabili da haka, danko na CE yawanci yana raguwa zuwa wani yanki a cikin yanayin alkaline na samfuran siminti.

4.2 Tasirin ƙimar dumama da motsawa akan tsarin gel

Za a yi amfani da zafin jiki na gel batu ta hanyar haɗuwa da tasirin dumama da haɓakar ƙima. Babban saurin motsawa da saurin dumama gabaɗaya zai ƙara yawan zafin jiki na gel sosai, wanda ya dace da samfuran siminti da aka kafa ta hanyar haɗin injin.

4.3 Tasirin maida hankali akan gel mai zafi

Ƙara yawan maida hankali na maganin yawanci yana rage yawan zafin jiki na gel, kuma wuraren gel na ƙananan danko CE sun fi na babban danko CE. Kamar DOW's METHOCEL A

The gel zafin jiki za a rage da 10 ℃ ga kowane 2% karuwa a cikin taro na samfurin. Haɓaka 2% a cikin maida hankali na samfuran nau'in F zai rage yawan zafin jiki ta 4 ℃.

4.4 Tasirin abubuwan ƙari akan thermal gelation

A fagen kayan gini, kayan da yawa sune gishirin inorganic, wanda zai yi tasiri sosai akan zafin gel na maganin CE. Dangane da ko ƙari yana aiki azaman coagulant ko wakili mai solubilizing, wasu additives na iya ƙara yawan zafin jiki na thermal gel na CE, yayin da wasu na iya rage yawan zafin jiki na thermal gel na CE: alal misali, ethanol mai haɓaka ƙarfi, PEG-400 (polyethylene glycol) , anediol, da dai sauransu, na iya ƙara ma'anar gel. Gishiri, glycerin, sorbitol da sauran abubuwa zasu rage ma'anar gel, waɗanda ba ionic CE gabaɗaya ba za a haɓaka su ba saboda ions na ƙarfe na polyvalent, amma lokacin da adadin electrolyte ko wasu abubuwan da aka narkar da su sun wuce iyaka, samfuran CE za a iya sanya su cikin gishiri a ciki. Magani, wannan ya faru ne saboda gasar electrolytes da ruwa, wanda ke haifar da raguwar hydration na CE, Abin da ke cikin gishirin maganin CE gabaɗaya ya ɗan fi na Mc samfurin, kuma abun da ke cikin gishiri ya ɗan bambanta. HPMC daban-daban.

Yawancin abubuwan da ke cikin samfuran siminti za su sa madaidaicin gel na CE faduwa, don haka zaɓin abubuwan ƙari ya kamata a la'akari da cewa wannan na iya haifar da ma'aunin gel da ɗanko na canje-canjen CE.

 

5.Kammalawa

(1) cellulose ether ne na halitta cellulose ta hanyar etherification dauki, yana da asali tsarin naúrar na dehydrated glucose, bisa ga nau'i da kuma adadin substituent kungiyoyin a kan maye gurbinsu da kuma yana da daban-daban kaddarorin. Za'a iya amfani da ether mara amfani kamar MC da HPMC azaman viscosifier, wakili mai riƙe ruwa, wakili na iska da sauran abubuwan da ake amfani da su a cikin samfuran kayan gini.

(2) CE yana da na musamman solubility, kafa bayani a wani zazzabi (kamar gel zazzabi), da kuma kafa m gel ko m barbashi cakuda a gel zazzabi. Babban hanyoyin warwarewa shine hanyar watsawar bushewa, hanyar watsa ruwan zafi, da sauransu, a cikin samfuran siminti da aka saba amfani da su shine hanyar watsawa bushewa. Makullin shine a tarwatsa CE daidai gwargwado kafin ta narke, a samar da mafita a cikin ƙananan zafin jiki.

(3) Magani taro, zafin jiki, pH darajar, sinadaran Properties na Additives da stirring kudi zai shafi gel zafin jiki da danko na CE bayani, musamman siminti kayayyakin ne inorganic gishiri mafita a alkaline yanayi, yawanci rage gel zafin jiki da danko na CE bayani. , kawo illa. Saboda haka, bisa ga halaye na CE, da farko, ya kamata a yi amfani da shi a cikin ƙananan zafin jiki (a ƙasa da yawan zafin jiki), kuma na biyu, ya kamata a yi la'akari da tasirin abubuwan ƙari.


Lokacin aikawa: Janairu-19-2023
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