Bisa kididdigar da ba ta cika ba, yawan fitowar da ake samu na cellulose ether ba na ionic yanzu ya kai ton 500,000 a duniya, kumahydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMCya kai kashi 80% na ton 400,000, kasar Sin a cikin shekaru biyu da suka wuce, kamfanoni da dama sun fadada karfin samar da kayayyaki cikin sauri zuwa karfin da ya kai kimanin tan 180 000 a halin yanzu, kusan tan 60 000 na amfanin gida, daga cikin wannan, sama da miliyan 550. ana amfani da ton a masana'antu kuma ana amfani da kusan kashi 70% azaman ƙari na gini.
Saboda daban-daban amfani da kayayyakin, da ash index bukatun na iya zama daban-daban, don haka a cikin samar da tsari, da tsari na samar bisa ga bukatun daban-daban model ne m ga sakamakon makamashi ceton, amfani ragewa da kuma amfani. rage fitar da iska.
1. Ash abun ciki na hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC da data kasance form
Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) ma'aunin ingancin masana'antu da ake kira ash da pharmacopoeia da ake kira sulfate, wato ragowar kona, ana iya fahimtar su azaman ƙazantattun gishirin inorganic a cikin samfurin. Yawanci ta hanyar samar da alkali mai ƙarfi (sodium hydroxide) ta hanyar amsawa zuwa daidaitawar pH zuwa gishiri mai tsaka tsaki da albarkatun ƙasa na asali na asali na inorganic gishiri jimlar.
Hanyar don ƙayyade jimlar ash; An ƙone wasu adadin samfurori a cikin tanderun zafin jiki mai zafi bayan carbonization, don haka kwayoyin halitta sun zama oxidized kuma sun lalace, suna tserewa a cikin nau'i na carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides da ruwa, yayin da kayan inorganic sun kasance a cikin nau'i na sulfate, phosphate, carbonate. , chloride da sauran inorganic salts da karfe oxides, wadannan ragowar su ne toka. Ana iya ƙididdige jimlar abun cikin ash na samfurin ta hanyar auna ragowar.
Bisa ga tsari a cikin yin amfani da daban-daban acid kuma zai samar da daban-daban gishiri: yafi sodium chloride (da dauki na chloride ion a cikin chloromethane da sodium hydroxide) da sauran acid neutralization iya samar da sodium acetate, sodium sulfide ko sodium oxalate.
2. Abubuwan da ake buƙata na Ash na hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC
Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC ne yafi amfani da thickening, emulsifying, film forming, colloid kariya, ruwa riƙewa, mannewa, enzyme juriya da kuma rayuwa inertia, da dai sauransu An yadu amfani da yawa filayen masana'antu, wanda za a iya wajen zuwa kashi cikin wadannan al'amurran. :
(1) Gina: babban aikin shine riƙe ruwa, thickening, danko, lubrication, kwarara don inganta ciminti da aikin gypsum, famfo. Gine-ginen gine-gine, kayan kwalliyar latex ana amfani da su azaman colloid mai karewa, ƙirƙirar fim, wakili mai kauri da taimakon dakatar da pigment.
(2) POLYvinyl chloride: galibi ana amfani da shi azaman mai watsawa a cikin yanayin polymerization na tsarin tsarin polymerization na dakatarwa.
(3) yau da kullum sunadarai: yafi amfani da matsayin m articles, shi zai iya inganta samfurin emulsification, anti-enzyme, watsawa, bonding, surface aiki, film forming, moisturizing, kumfa, forming, saki wakili, softener, lubricant da sauran kaddarorin;
(4) Pharmaceutical masana'antu: a cikin Pharmaceutical masana'antu ne yafi amfani da shirye-shiryen samar, a matsayin m shirye-shirye na shafi wakili, m capsule capsule abu, daure, ga tsarin na ci saki jamiái, film kafa, pore-hana wakili, kamar yadda wani ruwa, Semi-m shiri na thickening, emulsification, dakatar, matrix aikace-aikace;
(5) yumbu: amfani da matsayin bonding forming wakili na yumbu masana'antu blank, dispersant na glaze launi;
(6) takarda: watsawa, canza launi, wakili mai ƙarfafawa;
(7) Buga yadudduka da rini: ɓangaren litattafan almara, launi, wakilin haɓaka launi:
(8) wajen noman noma: ana amfani da shi wajen noma wajen maganin iri, na iya inganta yawan germination, zai iya moisturize da hana mildew, adana ‘ya’yan itace, ci gaba da sakin takin zamani da magungunan kashe qwari.
Daga ra'ayoyin abubuwan da ke sama na dogon lokaci na aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen da taƙaitaccen ka'idojin kulawa na ciki na wasu kamfanoni na waje da na cikin gida, ana iya ganin cewa kawai wasu samfurori na polymerization na PVC da samfurori na yau da kullum suna buƙatar sarrafa gishiri <0.010, da pharmacopoeia na kasashe daban-daban suna buƙatar sarrafa gishiri <0.015. Kuma sauran amfani da gishiri iko na iya zama in mun gwada da fadi, musamman gini sa kayayyakin ban da samar da putty, rufi gishiri yana da wasu bukatun waje da sauran iya sarrafa gishiri <0.05 iya m hadu da amfani.
3. Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC tsari da kuma samar da hanya
Akwai manyan hanyoyin samarwa guda uku na hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC a gida da waje:
(1) Hanyar lokaci mai ruwa (hanyar slurry): foda na cellulose foda yana tarwatsawa a cikin kusan sau 10 na maganin kwayoyin halitta a cikin ma'auni na tsaye da a kwance tare da tashin hankali mai karfi, sa'an nan kuma an ƙara bayani na alkali mai yawa da etherifying wakili don amsawa. Bayan abin da ya faru, an wanke samfurin da aka gama, an bushe shi, an murƙushe shi da kuma zubar da ruwan zafi.
(2) Gas-lokaci hanya (gas-m Hanyar): da dauki na pulverized cellulose foda aka kammala a kusan Semi-bushe jihar ta kai tsaye ƙara ƙididdiga lye da etherifying wakili da kuma dawo da wani karamin adadin low-tafafi by-samfurori a cikin wani kwance reactor tare da tashin hankali mai ƙarfi. Babu buƙatar ƙara sauran ƙarfi na halitta don amsawa. Bayan abin da ya faru, an wanke samfurin da aka gama, an bushe shi, an murƙushe shi da kuma zubar da ruwan zafi.
(3) Hanyar gama gari (hanyar rushewa): Ana iya ƙara a kwance kai tsaye bayan murkushe cellulose tare da reactor mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi wanda aka warwatse a cikin naoh/urea (ko sauran kaushi na cellulose) kusan sau 5 ~ 8 na daskarewar ruwa a cikin sauran ƙarfi, sannan ƙara yawan lye da etherifying wakili a kan dauki, bayan da martani tare da acetone hazo dauki mai kyau cellulose ether, Sa'an nan ruwan zafi wanka, bushewa, nika, nunawa don samun ƙãre samfurin. (Har yanzu bai kasance cikin samar da masana'antu ba).
Ƙarshen amsawa ko da kuwa amfani da irin hanyoyin da aka ambata a sama suna da gishiri mai yawa, bisa ga tsari daban-daban na iya samar da su: sodium chloride da sodium acetate, sodium sulfide, sodium oxalate, da sauransu, hada gishiri, bukata ta hanyar desalination, amfani da gishiri a cikin ruwa mai narkewa, gabaɗaya tare da yawan wanke ruwan zafi, yanzu babban kayan aiki da hanyar wankewa sune:
(1) Belt injin tace; Ana amfani da shi wajen wanke gishirin ta hanyar zuba danyen a cikin slurry da ruwan zafi sannan a dora slurry din daidai a kan bel din tace ta hanyar fesa ruwan zafi daga sama a shafe kasa.
(2) kwance centrifuge: shi da karshen dauki na danyen kayan a cikin ruwan zafi slurry to tsarma narkar da gishiri da ruwan zafi, sa'an nan ta centrifugal rabuwa na ruwa da m rabuwa cire gishiri.
(3) tare da tace matsi, shi ta ƙarshen amsawar ɗanyen abu a cikin slurry tare da ruwan zafi, a cikin matatar matsa lamba, da farko tare da tururi don busa ruwa tare da ruwan zafi mai fesa N sau sannan tare da tururi don busa. ruwa don rabuwa da cire gishiri.
Ana wanke ruwan zafi don cire gishiri mai narkewa, saboda buƙatar shiga cikin ruwan zafi, wankewa, yawancin abin da ke cikin toka yana raguwa, kuma akasin haka, don haka tokarsa yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da yawan adadin ruwan zafi, masana'antu gabaɗaya. samfur idan sarrafa toka a ƙarƙashin 1% AMFANIN ruwan zafi ton 10, idan iko a ƙarƙashin 5% zai buƙaci kusan tan 6 na ruwan zafi.
Cellulose ether sharar gida ruwa sinadaran oxygen bukatar (COD) ya kai 60 000 mg / L, gishiri abun ciki kuma fiye da 30 000 mg / L, don haka kula da irin wannan najasa yana bukatar a tsada sosai, domin irin wannan high gishiri kai tsaye. Biochemistry yana da wuyar gaske, bisa ga ƙa'idodin kare muhalli na ƙasa na yanzu ba a yarda da magani ba don tsarma, Maganin mahimmanci shine cire gishiri ta hanyar distillation. Don haka, karin tan guda na tafasasshen ruwan wanke zai samar da karin ton na najasa. Dangane da fasahar MUR na yanzu tare da ingancin makamashi mai yawa, ƙazantar da ruwa da cire gishiri, cikakken farashin kowane magani na tan 1 na ruwan da aka tattara ya kai kusan yuan 80, kuma babban farashi shine cikakken amfani da makamashi.
4. Tasirin abun ciki na toka akan riƙe ruwa na hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC
HPMC galibi yana taka rawa guda uku na riƙe ruwa, kauri da ingantaccen gini a cikin kayan gini.
Riƙewar ruwa: ƙara lokacin buɗewa na kayan riƙe ruwa, kuma yana taimakawa cikar ruwa.
Kauri: cellulose na iya yin kauri zuwa dakatarwa, ta yadda maganin ya kasance iri ɗaya sama da ƙasa rawar hana kwararar rataye.
Gina: cellulose yana da tasirin lubrication, zai iya samun kyakkyawan gini. HPMC baya shiga cikin yadda halayen sinadarai ke faruwa, amma kawai yana taka rawar tallafi. Abu mafi mahimmanci shine riƙewar ruwa, wanda ke shafar daidaituwar turmi, sannan kuma yana shafar kaddarorin injina da karko na turmi mai tauri. An kasu turmi zuwa turmi na masonry da plastering turmi sassa biyu ne masu muhimmanci na kayan turmi, muhimmin aikace-aikacen turmi da plastering turmi shine tsarin masonry. Kamar yadda block a cikin aikace-aikace a cikin aiwatar da kayayyakin ne a cikin bushe jihar, domin rage bushe block na karfi da ruwa sha turmi, gini rungumi dabi'ar toshe kafin prewetting, toshe wani danshi abun ciki, kiyaye danshi a cikin turmi. don toshe abin da ya wuce kima, zai iya kula da hydration na yau da kullun na kayan gelling na ciki kamar turmi siminti. Koyaya, abubuwan kamar nau'ikan tubalan daban-daban da matakin riga-kafin rigar kan wurin zai shafi asarar ruwa da asarar turmi, wanda zai kawo matsala ta ɓoye ga ingancin ginin ginin gabaɗaya. Turmi tare da kyakkyawan tanadin ruwa na iya kawar da tasirin toshe kayan aiki da abubuwan ɗan adam kuma tabbatar da isasshen daidaituwar turmi.
Tasirin riƙewar ruwa akan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun kayan turmi yana nunawa a cikin tasirin da ke tattare da yanki tsakanin turmi da toshe. Kamar yadda turmi tare da rashin ruwa mara kyau yana rasa ruwa da sauri, abubuwan da ke cikin ruwa na turmi a wurin mu'amala a fili bai isa ba, kuma simintin ba zai iya zama cikakke ba, wanda ke shafar ci gaban ƙarfin al'ada. Ƙarfin haɗin kai na kayan da aka dogara da sumunti ya dogara ne akan tasirin abubuwan samar da ruwan siminti. Rashin isasshen ruwa na ciminti a cikin yanki mai mu'amala yana rage ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa, kuma yanayin cavitation na turmi yana ƙaruwa.
Don haka, zabar mafi mahimmancin buƙatun riƙewar ruwa gini K alama batches uku na danko daban-daban, ta hanyoyi daban-daban na wankewa don bayyana adadin adadin guda biyu da ake tsammani ash abun ciki, sannan kuma bisa ga hanyar gwajin riƙe ruwa na yau da kullun (hanyar tace takarda). ) a kan lambar batch iri ɗaya daban-daban abun ciki na toka na ajiyar ruwa na rukuni uku na samfurori na musamman kamar haka:
4.1 Hanyar gwaji don gwada ƙimar riƙe ruwa (Hanyar tace takarda)
4.1.1 Kayan aiki da kayan aiki
Siminti mahautsini, aunawa Silinda, ma'auni, agogon gudu, bakin karfe ganga, cokali, bakin karfe zobe mold (ciki diamita φ 100 mm × waje diamita φ 110 mm × high 25 mm, azumi tace takarda, jinkirin tace takarda, gilashin farantin.
4.1.2 Materials da reagents
Simintin Portland na yau da kullun (425 #), yashi daidai (ta ruwa mai tsabta ba tare da yashi laka ba), samfuran samfuri (HPMC), ruwa mai tsabta don gwaji (ruwan famfo, ruwan ma'adinai).
4.1.3 Yanayin nazarin gwaji
Yanayin zafin jiki: 23± 2 ℃; Dangin zafi: ≥ 50%; Matsakaicin zafin ruwa na dakin gwaje-gwaje shine 23 ℃ a matsayin zafin dakin.
4.1.4 Hanyar gwaji
Sanya farantin gilashin a kan dandamalin aiki, sanya takardar tace a hankali (nauyin: M1) a kai, sannan sanya takarda mai sauri a kan takarda mai saurin jinkirin, sa'an nan kuma sanya ƙirar zobe na ƙarfe a kan takarda mai sauri (zoben. mold kada ya wuce madauwari mai sauri tace takarda).
Auna daidai (425#) siminti 90 g; Standard yashi 210 g; Samfurin (samfurin) 0.125g; Zuba a cikin kwandon bakin karfe, gauraya da kyau (bushewar mix) sannan a ajiye a gefe.
Yi amfani da mahaɗin manna siminti (cakuda tukunya da ruwa suna da tsabta kuma sun bushe, kowane gwaji bayan tsaftacewa sosai, bushe sau ɗaya, tanada). Yi amfani da silinda mai aunawa don auna ruwa mai tsabta 72 ml (23 ℃), da farko a zuba a cikin tukunyar motsawa, sannan ku zuba kayan da aka shirya, da kuma jiƙa don 30 s; A lokaci guda, ɗaga tukunyar zuwa wuri mai haɗuwa, fara mahaɗin, da motsawa a cikin ƙananan gudu (jinkirin motsawa) don 60 s; Tsaya 15 s goge kayan slurry akan bangon tukunya da ruwa a cikin tukunyar; Ci gaba da motsawa da sauri don 120 s don tsayawa. Zuba duk turmi da aka haɗe a cikin ƙirar zoben bakin karfe da sauri, da lokaci daga lokacin da turmi ya tuntuɓi takarda mai sauri (latsa agogon gudu). Minti 2 daga baya, kunna ƙirar zobe kuma fitar da takarda mai tsauri don auna (nauyi: M2). Yi gwajin babu komai bisa ga hanyar da ke sama (nauyin takardar tace na yau da kullun kafin da bayan awo shine M3, M4)
Hanyar lissafin ita ce kamar haka:
Inda, M1 - nauyin takarda mai tacewa na yau da kullum kafin gwajin samfurin; M2 - Nauyin na yau da kullum tace takarda bayan gwajin samfurin; M3 - Nauyin na yau da kullum tace takarda kafin gwaji mara kyau; M4 - Nauyin takarda tace na yau da kullun bayan gwaji mara kyau.
4.1.5 Hattara
(1) Tsaftataccen ruwan zafi dole ne ya zama 23 ℃, dole ne auna shi daidai;
(2) Bayan an gama sai a cire tukunyar da ake hadawa da cokali daya.
(3) gyaggyarawa ya zama da sauri, kuma gefen gefen turmi ya bugu da ƙarfi;
(4) Tabbatar da lokacin turmi a lokacin saduwa da takarda mai sauri, kar a zuba turmi a kan takardar tace waje.
4.2 samfurin
Tasirin riƙewar ruwa yafi fitowa daga danko, kuma babban danko zai zama mafi muni fiye da riƙewar ruwa. Canjin abun ciki na toka a cikin kewayon 1% ~ 5% kusan baya shafar yawan riƙewar ruwa, don haka ba zai shafi amfani da aikin riƙon ruwa ba.
5.Kammalawa
Domin a sa mizanin ya fi dacewa da gaskiya kuma ya dace da yanayin kiyaye makamashi da kare muhalli, ana ba da shawarar cewa:
Ma'auni na masana'antu na hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC an raba shi zuwa maki a cikin sarrafa ash, kamar: matakin 1 sarrafawa ash <0.010, matakin 2 sarrafa ash <0.050. Ta wannan hanyar, masu samarwa za su iya zaɓar da kansu kuma masu amfani za su iya samun ƙarin zaɓuɓɓuka. A halin yanzu, ana iya saita farashin bisa ka'idar inganci da farashi mai tsada, ta yadda za a hana faruwar rikicewar ido na kifi da rudani a kasuwa. Abu mafi mahimmanci shi ne kiyaye makamashi da kare muhalli, ta yadda samar da kayayyaki da muhalli su kasance masu aminci da jituwa.
Lokacin aikawa: Janairu-14-2022