Analytical Hanyar don physicochemical Properties na cellulose ether

An gabatar da tushen, tsari, kaddarorin da aikace-aikacen ether cellulose. Dangane da gwajin fihirisar kadarori na physicochemical na ma'aunin masana'antar ether, an gabatar da ingantaccen tsari ko ingantacciyar hanya, kuma an bincika yuwuwar ta ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje.

Mabuɗin kalmomi:ether cellulose; Halin jiki da sinadarai; Hanyar nazari; Tambayar gwaji

Cellulose shine mafi yawan adadin polymer fili a duniya. Za a iya samun jerin abubuwan da aka samo asali ta hanyar gyare-gyaren sinadarai na cellulose. Cellulose ether shine samfurin cellulose bayan alkalization, etherification, wankewa, tsarkakewa, niƙa, bushewa da sauran matakai. Babban albarkatun cellulose ether sune auduga, kapok, bamboo, itace, da dai sauransu, daga cikin abin da abun ciki na cellulose a cikin auduga shine mafi girma, har zuwa 90 ~ 95%, shine kyakkyawan kayan da aka yi don samar da ether cellulose, kuma kasar Sin ita ce mafi girma. wata babbar kasa da ake noman auduga, wanda kuma ke sa kaimi ga bunkasuwar masana'antar ether ta kasar Sin zuwa wani matsayi. A halin yanzu, samarwa, sarrafawa da amfani da fiber ether suna jagorantar duniya.

Cellulose ether a cikin abinci, magani, kayan shafawa, kayan gini, takarda, da sauran masana'antu suna da aikace-aikace da yawa. Yana da halaye na solubility, danko, kwanciyar hankali, rashin guba da biocompatibility. Cellulose ether gwajin misali JCT 2190-2013, ciki har da cellulose ether bayyanar fineness, bushe nauyi asarar kudi, sulfate ash, danko, pH darajar, watsawa da sauran jiki da kuma sinadaran Manuniya. Duk da haka, lokacin da aka yi amfani da ether cellulose zuwa masana'antu daban-daban, ban da nazarin jiki da na sinadarai, za a iya ƙara gwada tasirin aikace-aikacen cellulose ether a cikin wannan tsarin. Alal misali, riƙe ruwa a cikin masana'antar gine-gine, ginin turmi, da dai sauransu; Adhesives masana'antu adhesion, motsi, da dai sauransu; Motsin masana'antar sinadarai na yau da kullun, mannewa, da sauransu. Kaddarorin jiki da sinadarai na ether cellulose suna ƙayyade iyakar aikace-aikacen sa. Nazarin jiki da sinadarai na ether cellulose yana da mahimmanci don samarwa, sarrafawa ko amfani. Dangane da JCT 2190-2013, wannan takarda ta ba da shawarar sakewa uku ko inganta tsare-tsare don nazarin kaddarorin physicochemical na cellulose ether, da kuma tabbatar da yiwuwar su ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje.

1. Busassun asarar nauyi

Bushewar asarar nauyi shine mafi mahimmancin mahimman bayanai na ether cellulose, wanda kuma ake kira abun ciki danshi, wanda ke da alaƙa da ingantattun abubuwan sa, rayuwar shiryayye da sauransu. Hanyar gwajin ma'auni ita ce hanyar nauyin tanda: Kimanin samfuran 5g an auna su kuma an sanya su a cikin kwalban auna tare da zurfin da bai wuce 5mm ba. An ajiye hular kwalbar a cikin tanda, ko kuma an buɗe hular kwalban kuma an bushe shi a 105 ° C ± 2 ° C na 2 hours. Sa'an nan kuma an fitar da hular kwalban kuma a sanyaya zuwa dakin da zafin jiki a cikin bushewa, auna, kuma a bushe a cikin tanda na minti 30.

Yana ɗaukar sa'o'i 2 ~ 3 don gano abin da ke cikin samfurin ta wannan hanya, kuma abun ciki na danshi yana da alaƙa da wasu alamomi da kuma shirye-shiryen maganin. Fihirisar da yawa za a iya aiwatar da su ne kawai bayan an gama gwajin abun ciki na danshi. Sabili da haka, wannan hanyar ba ta dace ba a cikin amfani mai amfani a yawancin lokuta. Misali, layin samar da wasu masana'antun ether cellulose yana buƙatar gano abubuwan da ke cikin ruwa cikin sauri, don haka za su iya amfani da wasu hanyoyi don gano abubuwan da ke cikin ruwa, kamar saurin danshi.

Dangane da daidaitaccen hanyar gano abun ciki na danshi, bisa ga ƙwarewar gwaji mai amfani da ta gabata, ana buƙatar gabaɗaya don bushe samfurin zuwa madaidaicin nauyi a 105 ℃, 2.5h.

Sakamakon gwaji na daban-daban abun ciki na ether cellulose a ƙarƙashin yanayi gwaji daban-daban. Ana iya ganin cewa sakamakon gwajin 135 ℃ da 0.5 h ne mafi kusa da waɗanda na daidaitaccen hanya a 105 ℃ da 2.5h, da kuma karkatar da sakamakon da m danshi mita ne in mun gwada da manyan. Bayan da sakamakon gwajin ya fito, da biyu ganewa yanayi na 135 ℃, 0.5 h da 105 ℃, 2.5 h na daidaitattun hanyar da aka ci gaba da kiyaye na dogon lokaci, kuma sakamakon kasance har yanzu ba daban-daban. Saboda haka, da gwajin Hanyar 135 ℃ da 0.5 h ne m, da danshi abun ciki gwajin lokaci za a iya taqaitaccen da game da 2 h.

2. Sulfate ash

Sulfate ash cellulose ether ne mai muhimmanci index, kai tsaye alaka da aiki abun da ke ciki, tsarki da sauransu. Hanyar gwajin daidaitaccen: bushe samfurin a 105 ± 2 ℃ don ajiyewa, auna kimanin 2 g na samfurin a cikin crucible wanda aka ƙone madaidaiciya da nauyin nauyi, sanya crucible akan farantin dumama ko tanderun lantarki kuma a hankali zafi har sai samfurin. ne gaba daya carbonized. Bayan sanyaya crucible, an ƙara 2 ml na sulfuric acid mai mai da hankali, ragowar kuma ana danshi da zafi a hankali har sai farin hayaki ya bayyana. An saka crucible a cikin tanderun Muffle kuma ya ƙone a 750 ° C ± 50 ° C na 1 h. Bayan konewa, ana fitar da ƙugiya a sanyaya zuwa ɗakin zafin jiki a cikin na'urar bushewa kuma a auna.

Ana iya ganin cewa daidaitaccen hanyar yana amfani da adadi mai yawa na sulfuric acid mai mahimmanci a cikin tsarin konewa. Bayan dumama, adadi mai yawa na hayakin sulfuric acid mai ƙarfi. Ko da an sarrafa shi a cikin hurumin hayaki, zai yi tasiri sosai ga muhalli a ciki da wajen dakin gwaje-gwaje. A cikin wannan takarda, ana amfani da ethers na cellulose daban-daban don gano ash daidai da daidaitattun hanyar ba tare da ƙara yawan sulfuric acid ba, kuma an kwatanta sakamakon gwajin tare da daidaitattun hanyar da aka saba.

Ana iya ganin cewa akwai wani tazara a sakamakon gano hanyoyin biyu. Dangane da waɗannan bayanan na asali, takardar tana ƙididdige gibin biyun a cikin madaidaicin kewayon 1.35 ~ 1.39. Wato, idan sakamakon gwajin hanyar ba tare da sulfuric acid ya ninka ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar 1.35 ~ 1.39 ba, ana iya samun sakamakon gwajin ash tare da sulfuric acid. Bayan an fitar da sakamakon gwajin, an kwatanta yanayin gano guda biyu na dogon lokaci, kuma sakamakon ya kasance kusan a cikin wannan adadin. Ya nuna cewa ana iya amfani da wannan hanyar don gwada ash cellulose ether mai tsabta. Idan akwai buƙatu na musamman na mutum ɗaya, yakamata a yi amfani da daidaitattun hanyar. Tun da hadadden ether cellulose yana ƙara abubuwa daban-daban, ba za a tattauna a nan ba. A cikin kula da ingancin cellulose ether, ta yin amfani da hanyar gwajin ash ba tare da maida hankali sulfuric acid ba zai iya rage gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu a ciki da wajen dakin gwaje-gwaje, rage lokacin gwaji, amfani da reagent da rage haɗarin haɗari da ke haifar da tsarin gwaji.

3, cellulose ether rukuni abun ciki gwajin samfurin pretreatment

Abubuwan da ke cikin rukuni ɗaya ne daga cikin mahimman bayanai na ether cellulose, wanda kai tsaye ke ƙayyade sinadarai na ether cellulose. Gwajin abun ciki na rukuni yana nufin ether cellulose a ƙarƙashin aikin mai kara kuzari, dumama da fashewa a cikin rufaffiyar reactor, sa'an nan kuma fitar da samfurin da allura a cikin chromatograph gas don ƙididdigar ƙididdiga. Ana kiran tsarin tsagewar dumama abun cikin rukuni a cikin wannan takarda. Daidaitaccen hanyar magani kafin magani shine: auna samfurin busasshen 65mg, ƙara 35mg adipic acid a cikin kwalbar amsawa, sha 3.0ml daidaitaccen ruwa na ciki da 2.0ml hydroiodic acid, sauke cikin kwalban amsawa, rufe tam kuma auna. Girgiza kwalban dauki da hannu don 30s, sanya kwalban amsawa a cikin ma'aunin zafi da sanyio na karfe a 150 ± 2 ℃ na 20min, fitar da shi kuma girgiza shi na 30S, sannan a zafi shi na 40min. Bayan sanyaya zuwa dakin zafin jiki, ana buƙatar asarar nauyi ba fiye da 10mg ba. In ba haka ba, samfurin samfurin yana buƙatar sake shirya shi.

A misali Hanyar dumama da ake amfani da karfe thermostat dumama dauki, a cikin ainihin amfani, da zafin jiki bambanci na kowane jere na karfe wanka ne babba, da sakamakon ne sosai matalauta repeatability, kuma saboda dumama fatattaka dauki ne mafi tsanani, sau da yawa saboda hular kwalbar amsa ba ta da tsauri da yoyon iskar gas, akwai wani hadari. A cikin wannan takarda, ta hanyar gwajin lokaci mai tsawo da kuma lura, ana canza hanyar da za a yi amfani da ita zuwa: ta yin amfani da kwalban amsawar gilashi, tare da butyl roba toshe sosai, da kuma polypropylene tef mai juriya da zafi ya nannade wurin dubawa, sa'an nan kuma sanya kwalban amsawa a cikin wani ƙaramin silinda na musamman. , rufe tam, a karshe saka a cikin tanda dumama. kwalban amsawa tare da wannan hanyar ba za ta zubar da ruwa ko iska ba, kuma yana da aminci da sauƙin aiki lokacin da aka girgiza reagent da kyau yayin amsawar. Yin amfani da busassun busassun wutar lantarki dumama dumama na iya sa kowane samfurin ya yi zafi sosai, sakamakon yana da kyau maimaitawa.

4. Takaitawa

Sakamakon gwaji ya nuna cewa ingantattun hanyoyin gano ether cellulose da aka ambata a cikin wannan takarda suna yiwuwa. Yin amfani da sharuɗɗan a cikin wannan takarda don gwada ƙimar asarar nauyi na bushewa zai iya inganta ingantaccen aiki da rage lokacin gwaji. Yin amfani da babu sulfuric acid gwajin konewa ash, zai iya rage gurɓatar dakin gwaje-gwaje; Hanyar tanda da aka yi amfani da ita a cikin wannan takarda a matsayin hanyar da za a yi amfani da ita na gwajin abun ciki na ƙungiyar cellulose ether na iya sa pretreatment ya fi dacewa da aminci.